Additive for improving survival rate of large yellow croaker in long-distance transportation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product logistics, in particular to an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croakers in long-distance transportation and a preparation method thereof. The additive for increasing the survival rate of the large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.5-0.8 part of compound probiotics, 1-2 parts of an immunopotentiator, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 0.1-0.3 part of mineral trace elements and 92-96 parts of deionized water, and the immunopotentiator is prepared from a Chinese herbal medicine extract and a brown algae residue extract. According to the additive for improving the survival rate of the large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, through the synergistic effect of the compound probiotics, the immunopotentiator, the antioxidant and the mineral trace elements, the immunity and the anti-stress capability of the large yellow croaker are remarkably improved, and the survival rate of the large yellow croaker in the long-distance transportation process is greatly improved; meanwhile, negative effects on the environment and health are reduced, and remarkable technical advantages and application prospects are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aquatic product logistics, and in particular to an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Large yellow croaker is a marine fish with high economic value and has a wide market worldwide. However, during long-distance transportation, large numbers of large yellow croaker often die due to factors such as changes in water quality, hypoxia, and disease, which seriously affects the economic and social benefits of the aquaculture industry. At present, in order to improve the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, the industry generally adopts methods such as increasing oxygen supply, adjusting water temperature, and using antibiotics to prevent diseases, but these measures are often restricted by transportation conditions and have limited effectiveness. The main problem with existing large yellow croaker transportation technology is the low survival rate, especially under long-term and long-distance transportation conditions. Even with traditional measures such as increasing oxygen and adjusting water temperature, it is difficult to effectively control large-scale deaths caused by environmental pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present application provides an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation and a preparation method thereof. The additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation prepared by the present application is fed to large yellow croaker. Through the synergistic effect of compound probiotics, immune enhancers, antioxidants and mineral trace elements, it improves the immunity and stress resistance of large yellow croaker, significantly increases the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, and effectively overcomes the low efficiency and safety issues of traditional methods. In addition, the use of green additives to replace the excessive use of antibiotics reduces the potential risks to the ecological environment and human health.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, using the following technical solution: An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation comprises the following raw materials, calculated by weight: 0.5-0.8 parts of compound probiotics, 1-2 parts of an immunopotentiator, 0.5-1 parts of an antioxidant, 0.1-0.3 parts of mineral trace elements, and 92-96 parts of deionized water, wherein the immunopotentiator is composed of a Chinese herbal medicine extract and a brown algae residue extract.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solution, the compound probiotics improve the digestion and absorption capacity of the intestines of juvenile large yellow croaker, enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier function, improve intestinal health, and thus increase the survival rate. Immunoenhancer (composed of Chinese herbal medicine extracts and brown algae residue extracts), among which the Chinese herbal medicine extracts: improve the immunity and anti-stress ability of large yellow croaker, enhance the antiviral ability, avoid the use of antibiotics, prevent large yellow croaker from getting sick, and increase the survival rate. Brown algae residue extract: contains seaweed oligopeptides and seaweed oligosaccharides, which can improve the immunity and anti-stress ability of large yellow croaker, reduce the mortality rate after pathogen infection, avoid the use of antibiotics, prevent large yellow croaker from getting sick, and increase the survival rate. Antioxidants have antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects, enhance the physical fitness of large yellow croaker, and improve the survival rate of long-distance transportation. Mineral trace elements: supplement the trace elements required by large yellow croaker, maintain normal physiological functions, enhance the body's resistance, and improve the survival rate. Deionized water: as a solvent, ensure that the other components are evenly dispersed to achieve the best effect. The combined probiotics and immunostimulants work together to improve the overall health of large yellow croaker by enhancing intestinal health and immunity, reducing stress responses and increasing survival rates. Antioxidants and immunostimulants work synergistically to scavenge free radicals and boost immune cell activity, further enhancing the large yellow croaker's stress resistance and immunity, and reducing mortality during transportation. In summary, through their specific functions and synergistic effects, each component significantly improves the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, while simultaneously reducing potential risks to the ecological environment and human health.

[0006] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine extract to the brown algae residue extract is 5:4-6.

[0007] By employing the above technical solution, the Chinese herbal extract, containing multiple natural active ingredients, can significantly enhance the immunity and stress resistance of large yellow croaker, strengthen their antiviral capacity, and thus reduce mortality during transportation. Furthermore, the Chinese herbal extract promotes the growth and development of large yellow croaker, improving their overall health. The brown algae residue extract, rich in seaweed oligopeptides and seaweed oligosaccharides, not only boosts the large yellow croaker's immunity but also enhances its stress resistance, reducing mortality due to pathogenic bacteria. The brown algae residue extract also helps improve the large yellow croaker's intestinal health and promotes nutrient absorption. When the Chinese herbal extract and the brown algae residue extract are mixed in a mass ratio of 5:4-6, a significant synergistic effect is achieved: the multiple active ingredients in the Chinese herbal extract and the brown algae residue extract work together to more comprehensively enhance the large yellow croaker's immunity, making it more resistant to various stressors during transportation. The active ingredients in the two extracts complement each other, enhancing the large yellow croaker's stress resistance and reducing stress reactions caused by environmental changes during transportation, thereby reducing mortality. The natural active ingredients in the Chinese herbal extracts and the seaweed oligosaccharides in the brown algae residue extracts can synergistically promote the growth and development of large yellow croaker, improve their overall health, and increase their survival rate. In summary, the optimized mass ratio (5:4-6) of Chinese herbal extracts and brown algae residue extracts in additives to improve the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation can fully utilize their respective advantages and produce a significant synergistic effect, thereby effectively improving the survival rate and health level of large yellow croaker.

[0008] Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following raw materials by mass: 10-13 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 7-10 parts of Artemisia annua, 12-13 parts of Leonurus japonicus, 18-20 parts of Marigold, 10-13 parts of Sophora flavescens, 3-6 parts of Ganoderma lucidum, 3-5 parts of Primrose, 3-5 parts of Honeysuckle, 12-16 parts of Tangerine peel, 7-8 parts of Poria cocos, and 200-220 parts of water.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract is to mix Scutellaria baicalensis, Artemisia annua, Motherwort, Marigold, Sophora flavescens, Ganoderma lucidum, Primrose, Honeysuckle, Tangerine peel, Poria cocos and water according to their mass parts, decoct for 4-5 hours under the assistance of ultrasound, and filter to obtain the filtrate which is the Chinese herbal medicine extract.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the various components of the prepared herbal extract have immune-boosting effects. For example, Rhizoma Scutellariae (Scutellaria baicalensis) has heat-clearing, detoxifying, and antiviral effects; Artemisia argyi (Mugu Grass) warms the meridians, stops bleeding, dispels cold, and removes dampness; Leonurus japonicus (Leonurus leonuri) promotes blood circulation, removes blood stasis, clears heat, and detoxifies; Marigold (Tagetes erecta) clears heat, detoxifies, and has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects; Sophora flavescens (Sophora flavescens) clears heat, dries dampness, kills insects, and relieves itching; and Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum) enhances the body's immune function. Components in the herbal extract can help large yellow croaker resist stress during transportation. For example, dried tangerine peel (Citrus tangerine) harmonizes the spleen and stomach, regulates qi and resolves phlegm; and Poria cocos (Poria cocos) strengthens the spleen, eliminates dampness, and calms the mind. Components in the herbal extract can enhance large yellow croaker's antiviral capacity. For example, honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) has heat-clearing, detoxifying, and antiviral effects. The various components in the herbal extract synergistically act on the large yellow croaker's immune system and physiological functions, thereby improving its overall health and survival rate. During the preparation process, ultrasonic-assisted decoction is used to extract the active ingredients of the herbal extract, which improves extraction efficiency and ingredient stability. In summary, the role of Chinese herbal extracts in additives is multifaceted. They not only enhance the immunity and stress resistance of large yellow croaker, but also strengthen its antiviral capacity, thereby increasing its survival rate during long-distance transportation. Furthermore, the use of these additives can avoid the overuse of antibiotics, reducing potential risks to the ecological environment and human health.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the brown algae residue extract is as follows: first, according to parts by mass, the South American brown algae is rinsed, crushed, alkali-dissolved, ground, foamed, and filtered to obtain seaweed residue; then, the seaweed residue is dried in an oven at 120°C for 10 hours, crushed and ground with a crusher, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain seaweed residue powder; 200 parts of the seaweed residue powder and 1200 parts of 2% sulfuric acid by mass are mixed and placed in a reactor, reacted at 100°C for 2-4 hours, and filtered to obtain a filtrate; calcium oxide is added to the filtrate to remove SO4 in the filtrate. 2- , filter to obtain seaweed residue extract.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the brown algae extract prepared contains ingredients such as seaweed oligopeptides and seaweed oligosaccharides, which can improve the immunity and stress resistance of large yellow croaker. By enhancing the function of the immune system, the risk of pathogen infection can be reduced, thereby reducing mortality. Brown algae extract can help large yellow croaker better cope with stress reactions that may be encountered during transportation, such as temperature changes and changes in water quality. This stress resistance helps maintain the physiological stability and health of large yellow croaker. Brown algae residue extract works together with other ingredients (such as compound probiotics, immunopotentiators, antioxidants, etc.) to form a comprehensive immune enhancement and anti-stress system. For example, compound probiotics can improve intestinal health, immunopotentiators and Chinese herbal extracts can enhance immune response, and antioxidants can resist oxidative stress. Under the combined action of these ingredients, brown algae residue extract can more effectively improve the survival rate of large yellow croaker. By using natural ingredients such as brown algae residue extract to replace antibiotics, potential risks to the ecological environment and human health can be reduced. At the same time, this also helps prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. In summary, brown algae residue extract, as part of an additive, plays an important role in improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation. Furthermore, its synergistic effect with other ingredients can more comprehensively enhance the health and survival ability of large yellow croaker.

[0013] Preferably, the mineral trace elements are composed of sodium selenite, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, yeast selenium, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and zeolite powder in a mass ratio of 1-3:5-6:2-4:6-8:1-3:7-9:12-15:6-8:1-3:0.6-0.8:100.

[0014] Preferably, the antioxidant is prepared by mixing catechu selenium polysaccharide, lily polysaccharide and lecithin in a mass ratio of 5:4:3.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, catechin selenium polysaccharide is a highly effective antioxidant that can scavenge free radicals in the body and prevent oxidative damage to cell membranes and DNA. It also contains organic selenium, which can enhance the immune system of large yellow croaker and improve its resistance to disease. By strengthening the large yellow croaker's physical fitness and reducing stress during transportation, the survival rate is improved. Lily polysaccharide releases active hydrogen from its hydroxyl groups, capturing free radicals and blocking free radical chain reactions, protecting cells from oxidative damage. It also regulates hormone levels in the large yellow croaker, maintaining normal physiological functions. It enhances the vitality of immune cells, improves the immunity of large yellow croaker, and reduces the incidence of disease. Through its antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects, it improves the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation. Lecithin, rich in various unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids, has a positive effect on the growth and reproduction of large yellow croaker. These ingredients can improve the health of large yellow croaker and reduce the incidence of disease. Lecithin also enhances the vitality of immune cells, further enhancing the immunity of large yellow croaker. By improving health and enhancing immunity, the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation is increased. Both catechu selenium polysaccharides and lily polysaccharides have powerful antioxidant capabilities. Working together, they can more effectively scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. The organic selenium in catechu selenium polysaccharides and the immune cell activity-enhancing effect of lily polysaccharides complement each other and jointly improve the immunity of large yellow croaker. Lecithin not only promotes growth but also works together with catechu selenium polysaccharides and lily polysaccharides to comprehensively enhance the physical fitness and survival rate of large yellow croaker by improving health and enhancing immunity. In summary, catechu selenium polysaccharides, lily polysaccharides, and lecithin, through their respective unique functions and synergistic effects, jointly improve the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, reduce stress reactions and the occurrence of diseases during transportation, and ensure the safe transportation of large yellow croaker.

[0016] Preferably, the composite probiotics consists of Bacillus velezensis L20 and Bacillus thuringiensis L25 in a mass ratio of 7:5.

[0017] By employing the above-mentioned technical solution, Bacillus Velez L20 helps large yellow croaker better digest and absorb nutrients from feed, thereby promoting their growth and development. This bacterium produces beneficial metabolites that strengthen the intestinal barrier function of large yellow croaker, reduce the invasion of harmful substances, and maintain intestinal health. By competitively inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, Bacillus Velez L20 helps maintain the microecological balance in the large yellow croaker's intestines and prevent the occurrence of intestinal diseases. Bacillus hyalus L25 secretes various growth factors and vitamins, promoting the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells in large yellow croaker and accelerating intestinal development. This bacterium also secretes various digestive enzymes, helping large yellow croaker to more efficiently break down and absorb nutrients from feed. Bacillus hyalus L25 stimulates the large yellow croaker's immune system, improving its resistance to pathogens and reducing mortality during transportation. Both Bacillus Velez L20 and Bacillus hyalus L25 secrete various digestive enzymes, but the specific enzymes and mechanisms of action differ. This complementary nature enables large yellow croaker to efficiently utilize feed over a wider range of conditions, improving overall digestion and absorption efficiency. Bacillus Velez L20 primarily protects large yellow croaker by enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier function, while Bacillus hyaluronic acid L25 works together to maintain intestinal health by promoting intestinal development and maintaining microecological balance. This dual protective mechanism provides more effective protection against pathogenic bacteria. Bacillus Velez L20 and Bacillus hyaluronic acid L25 enhance large yellow croaker's immunity through different pathways: the former primarily by strengthening the intestinal barrier function, and the latter by stimulating the immune system. This combined immune-enhancing effect can significantly improve the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation. In summary, Bacillus Velez L20 and Bacillus hyaluronic acid L25 have a significant synergistic effect in improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation. Through complementary mechanisms of digestion promotion, intestinal protection, and immune enhancement, they jointly maintain the health of large yellow croaker and improve its survival rate.

[0018] Preferably, the viable count of the Bacillus Velezii L20 is 1×10 9 -1×10 10 cfu / mL; Bacillus velez L20 was prepared from Bacillus velez L20 with a deposit number of CCTCC NO: M2024427; the viable cell count of the Bacillus velez L25 was 1×10 10 -1×10 11 cfu / mL; Bacillus subtilis L25 was prepared from Bacillus subtilis L25 with a deposit number of CCTCCNO: M2024428.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, using the following technical solution: As a general technical concept, the present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, comprising the following steps: The components in the formula are evenly mixed according to their mass fractions to obtain an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation.

[0020] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Enhances Large Yellow Croaker's Immunity and Stress Resistance: The probiotic complex, composed of Bacillus Velez-Oro L20 and Bacillus hymenoptera L25, significantly improves the digestive and absorptive capacity of the large yellow croaker's intestines, as well as its intestinal mucosal barrier function, improving intestinal health and thereby boosting its immunity and stress resistance. The immune enhancer, comprised of extracts from Chinese herbal medicines and brown algae residue, is rich in bioactive substances that significantly boost the large yellow croaker's immunity and stress resistance, reduce mortality from pathogenic infections, and avoid the use of antibiotics, preventing disease.

[0021] 2. Antioxidant Effect: The antioxidants are composed of catechu selenium polysaccharide, lily polysaccharide, and lecithin, all of which have powerful antioxidant properties. Catechu selenium polysaccharide not only has antioxidant properties but also enhances the immune function and physical fitness of large yellow croaker. Lily polysaccharide acts as an antioxidant by capturing free radicals and blocking their chain reactions. It also regulates hormone levels and enhances the vitality of immune cells. Lecithin, rich in various unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids, has a positive effect on the growth, reproduction, and immunity of large yellow croaker, further improving their health and reducing the incidence of disease.

[0022] 3. Supplement essential minerals and trace elements: Supplementing the minerals and trace elements required by large yellow croaker in appropriate amounts can help maintain its normal physiological functions, promote growth and development, and improve survival rate.

[0023] 4. Replace antibiotics and reduce environmental and health risks: By using green additives to replace the traditional method of excessive use of antibiotics, not only the survival rate of yellow croaker is effectively improved, but also the potential risks to the ecological environment and human health are significantly reduced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are merely illustrative of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present application. In the examples, if specific conditions are not specified, the conditions are carried out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer recommendations. The reagents or instruments used are not specified by the manufacturer and are conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0025] In the following examples and preparation examples, 1 part means 100 g.

[0026] Preparation Example 1 Preparation of Chinese herbal medicine extract The Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following raw materials, calculated by weight: 12 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 9 parts of Artemisia annua, 12 parts of Leonurus japonicus, 18 parts of Marigold, 11 parts of Sophora flavescens, 4 parts of Ganoderma lucidum, 4 parts of Primrose, 4 parts of Honeysuckle, 14 parts of Tangerine peel, 8 parts of Poria cocos, and 210 parts of water. The Chinese herbal medicine extract is prepared by mixing Scutellaria baicalensis, Artemisia annua, Leonurus japonicus, Marigold, Sophora flavescens, Ganoderma lucidum, Primrose, Honeysuckle, Tangerine peel, Poria cocos, and water, according to the weight ratios, decocting for 4.5 hours under ultrasonication, and filtering to obtain a filtrate, which is the Chinese herbal medicine extract.

[0027] Preparation Example 2 Preparation of brown algae residue extract The preparation method of the brown algae residue extract comprises the following steps: first, according to parts by mass, subjecting South American brown algae to rinsing, crushing, alkali dissolving, grinding, foaming, and filtering to obtain seaweed residue; then, drying the seaweed residue in an oven at 120° C. for 10 hours, crushing and grinding the seaweed residue with a crusher, and passing the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain seaweed residue powder; mixing 200 parts of the seaweed residue powder and 1200 parts of 2% sulfuric acid by mass, and then placing the mixture in a reactor, reacting at 100° C. for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a filtrate; and adding calcium oxide to the filtrate to remove SO4 in the filtrate. 2- , filter to obtain seaweed residue extract.

[0028] Example 1 An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker in long-distance transportation, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 0.5 parts of compound probiotics, 1 part of immunopotentiator, 0.5 parts of antioxidant, 0.1 parts of mineral trace elements, and 92 parts of deionized water, wherein the immunopotentiator is prepared by mixing Chinese herbal medicine extract and brown algae residue extract in a weight ratio of 5:4, and the mineral trace elements are sodium selenite, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, and iodine sulfate. Iron, calcium lactate, yeast selenium, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and zeolite powder are composed of a mass ratio of 1:5:2:6:1:7:12:6:1:0.6:100, the antioxidant is prepared by mixing catechu selenium polysaccharide, lily polysaccharide and lecithin in a mass ratio of 5:4:3, the composite probiotics are composed of Bacillus velez L20 and Bacillus velez L25 in a mass ratio of 7:5, and the viable cell count of Bacillus velez L20 is 1×10 10 cfu / mL; the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis L25 is 1×10 10 cfu / mL.

[0029] The preparation method of the additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation comprises the following steps: The components in the formula are evenly mixed according to their mass fractions to obtain an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation.

[0030] Example 2 An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker in long-distance transportation, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 0.8 parts of compound probiotics, 2 parts of immunopotentiator, 1 part of antioxidant, 0.3 parts of mineral trace elements, and 96 parts of deionized water, wherein the immunopotentiator is prepared by mixing Chinese herbal medicine extract and brown algae residue extract in a weight ratio of 5:6, and the mineral trace elements are sodium selenite, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, ferrous sulfate, and 1 part of antioxidant. , calcium lactate, yeast selenium, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and zeolite powder in a mass ratio of 3:6:4:8:3:9:15:8:3:0.8:100, the antioxidant is prepared by mixing catechu selenium polysaccharide, lily polysaccharide and lecithin in a mass ratio of 5:4:3, the composite probiotic is composed of Bacillus velez L20 and Bacillus thuringiensis L25 in a mass ratio of 7:5, and the viable cell count of Bacillus velez L20 is 1×10 10 cfu / mL; the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis L25 is 1×10 10 cfu / mL.

[0031] The preparation method of the additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation comprises the following steps: The components in the formula are evenly mixed according to their mass fractions to obtain an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation.

[0032] Example 3 An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker in long-distance transportation, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 0.7 parts of compound probiotics, 1.5 parts of immunopotentiator, 0.7 parts of antioxidant, 0.2 parts of mineral trace elements, and 94 parts of deionized water, wherein the immunopotentiator is prepared by mixing Chinese herbal medicine extract and brown algae residue extract in a weight ratio of 5:5, and the mineral trace elements are sodium selenite, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, sulfuric acid, and the like. Ferrous iron, calcium lactate, yeast selenium, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and zeolite powder are composed of a mass ratio of 2:5:3:7:2:8:13:7:2:0.7:100, the antioxidant is prepared by mixing catechu selenium polysaccharide, lily polysaccharide and lecithin in a mass ratio of 5:4:3, the composite probiotics are composed of Bacillus velez L20 and Bacillus velez L25 in a mass ratio of 7:5, and the viable cell count of Bacillus velez L20 is 1×10 10 cfu / mL; the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis L25 is 1×10 10 cfu / mL.

[0033] The preparation method of the additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation comprises the following steps: The components in the formula are evenly mixed according to their mass fractions to obtain an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation.

[0034] Comparative Example 1 The same as Example 3, except that: the immunopotentiator is a Chinese herbal medicine extract.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 The same as Example 3, except that the immune enhancer is brown algae residue extract.

[0036] Comparative Example 3 The same as Example 3, except that the antioxidant is catechin selenium polysaccharide.

[0037] Comparative Example 4 The same as Example 3, except that the antioxidant is lily polysaccharide.

[0038] Comparative Example 5 The same as Example 3, except that the antioxidant is lecithin.

[0039] Comparative Example 6 The same as Example 3, except that the composite probiotic is Bacillus Velezii L20.

[0040] Comparative Example 7 The same as Example 3, except that the composite probiotic is Bacillus subtilis L25.

[0041] Performance testing The additives for improving the survival rate of long-distance transportation of large yellow croaker prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were sampled respectively, and mixed with the main ingredient in a mass ratio of 1:120 to prepare 10 groups of feed numbered as Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, and the main ingredient was set as a reference example. The main ingredient formula is as follows: the ingredients include 38% soy flour, 30% corn flour, 10% fish oil, 2% vitamin premix, 3% mineral premix, 1% chrysanthemum extract (Nanjing Zelang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 2% chrysanthemum extract (Nanjing Zelang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), with the balance being water. The mineral premix contains 0.48g sodium selenite, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 6.9g zinc sulfate, 6.75g manganese sulfate, 5.2g calcium iodate, 0.9g ferrous sulfate, 1.96g calcium lactate, 1.65g selenium yeast, 0.35g copper sulfate, 0.3g cobalt chloride, and the remainder is zeolite powder. The vitamin premix consists of vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, folic acid, and corn gluten powder in a mass ratio of 2:4:3:7:2:8:13:7:2:0.7:1000. The test was conducted according to the following method.

[0042] Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena croaker) with a total length of at least 1.0 cm during long-distance transport were selected and divided into 11 groups, corresponding to Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-7, and a reference example. Each group contained 4,000 large yellow croaker, of which 2,000 were raised as seedlings and 2,000 were grown. The transport time was 36 hours, and the fish were fed a diet of 3% of their body weight every 6 hours. The survival rate of each group of large yellow croaker during long-distance transport was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1 Survival rate of large yellow croaker Analyzing the data in Table 1, we can see that: 1) Feeding large yellow croaker with the additives for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation prepared in Examples 1 to 3 improves the immunity and anti-stress ability of large yellow croaker through the synergistic effect of composite probiotics, immunopotentiators, antioxidants and mineral trace elements, greatly improves the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, and effectively overcomes the low efficiency and safety issues of traditional methods.

[0044] 2) The performance comparison analysis of the additives for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker in long-distance transportation prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 shows that the immunopotentiator is prepared by mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extract and the brown algae residue extract in a mass ratio of 5:5, and utilizing the synergistic effect between them: the multiple active ingredients in the Chinese herbal medicine extract and the brown algae residue extract work together to more comprehensively improve the immunity of large yellow croaker, so that it has stronger resistance when facing various stress factors during transportation. The effective ingredients in the two extracts can complement each other, enhance the anti-stress ability of large yellow croaker, reduce the stress response caused by environmental changes during transportation, and thus reduce the mortality rate. The natural active ingredients in the Chinese herbal medicine extract and the seaweed oligosaccharides and other ingredients in the brown algae residue extract can synergistically promote the growth and development of large yellow croaker, improve its overall health, and increase the survival rate.

[0045] 3) A comparative analysis of the performance of the additives for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 showed that the antioxidant was prepared by mixing catechu selenium polysaccharide, lily polysaccharide and lecithin in a mass ratio of 5:4:3. The synergistic effect of catechu selenium polysaccharide, lily polysaccharide and lecithin jointly improved the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, reduced stress reactions and the occurrence of diseases during transportation, and ensured the safe transportation of large yellow croaker.

[0046] 4) A comparative analysis of the performance of the additives for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transport, prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7, showed that the composite probiotic, composed of Bacillus Velez L20 and Bacillus subtilis L25 in a mass ratio of 7:5, demonstrated that Bacillus Velez L20 helped large yellow croaker better digest and absorb nutrients from feed, thereby promoting its growth and development. The bacterium produced beneficial metabolites that enhanced the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa of large yellow croaker, reduced the invasion of harmful substances, and maintained intestinal health. By competitively inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, Bacillus Velez L20 helped maintain the microecological balance in the large yellow croaker's intestines and prevented the occurrence of intestinal diseases. Bacillus subtilis L25 secreted various growth factors and vitamins, promoting the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells in large yellow croaker and accelerating intestinal development. It also secreted various digestive enzymes, helping large yellow croaker to more effectively break down and absorb nutrients from feed. Bacillus subtilis L25 stimulated the large yellow croaker's immune system, improving its resistance to pathogens and reducing mortality during transport. Both Bacillus Velez L20 and Bacillus altaica L25 secrete a variety of digestive enzymes, but the specific enzymes and mechanisms of action differ. This complementarity enables large yellow croaker to efficiently utilize feed over a wider range of conditions, improving overall digestion and absorption efficiency. Bacillus Velez L20 primarily protects large yellow croaker by enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier function, while Bacillus altaica L25 works together to maintain intestinal health by promoting intestinal development and maintaining microecological balance. This dual protective mechanism more effectively prevents the invasion of pathogens. Bacillus Velez L20 and Bacillus altaica L25 each enhance large yellow croaker's immunity through different pathways: the former primarily by strengthening the intestinal barrier function, and the latter by stimulating the immune system. This combined immune-enhancing effect can significantly improve the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation.

[0047] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Although the above embodiments provide a detailed description of the present application, relevant technical personnel should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present application may still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modifications and equivalent replacements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation, characterized in that: The preparation comprises the following raw materials by weight: 0.5-0.8 parts of compound probiotics, 1-2 parts of immunopotentiator, 0.5-1 parts of antioxidant, 0.1-0.3 parts of mineral trace elements, and 92-96 parts of deionized water, wherein the immunopotentiator is composed of Chinese herbal medicine extract and brown algae residue extract.

2. The additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker in long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine extract to the brown algae residue extract is 5:4-6.

3. An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following raw materials, calculated by weight: 10-13 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 7-10 parts of Artemisia argyi, 12-13 parts of Leonurus japonicus, 18-20 parts of Marigold, 10-13 parts of Sophora flavescens, 3-6 parts of Ganoderma lucidum, 3-5 parts of Primrose, 3-5 parts of Honeysuckle, 12-16 parts of Tangerine peel, 7-8 parts of Poria cocos, and 200-220 parts of water.

4. The additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker in long-distance transportation according to claim 3, wherein The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following steps: mixing scutellaria baicalensis, artemisia annua, motherwort, marigold, sophora flavescens, ganoderma lucidum, primrose, honeysuckle, tangerine peel, poria and water according to parts by mass, boiling the mixture for 4-5 hours under the assistance of ultrasound, and filtering the mixture to obtain the filtrate, which is the Chinese herbal medicine extract.

5. An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the brown algae residue extract comprises the following steps: first, according to parts by mass, subjecting South American brown algae to rinsing, crushing, alkali dissolving, grinding, foaming, and filtering to obtain seaweed residue; then, drying the seaweed residue in an oven at 120° C. for 10 hours, crushing and grinding the seaweed residue with a crusher, and passing the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain seaweed residue powder; mixing 200 parts of the seaweed residue powder and 1200 parts of 2% sulfuric acid by mass, and then placing the mixture in a reactor, reacting at 100° C. for 2-4 hours, and filtering to obtain a filtrate; and adding calcium oxide to the filtrate to remove SO4 in the filtrate. 2- , filter to obtain seaweed residue extract.

6. An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral trace elements are composed of sodium selenite, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, yeast selenium, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and zeolite powder in a mass ratio of 1-3:5-6:2-4:6-8:1-3:7-9:12-15:6-8:1-3:0.6-0.8:

100.

7. The additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is prepared by mixing catechu selenium polysaccharide, lily polysaccharide and lecithin in a mass ratio of 5:4:

3.

8. An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite probiotics consists of Bacillus velezensis L20 and Bacillus thuringiensis L25 in a mass ratio of 7:

5.

9. An additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker in long-distance transportation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The viable count of the Bacillus Velezii L20 is 1×10 9 -1×10 10 cfu / mL; the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis L25 is 1×10 10 -1×10 11 cfu / mL.

10. A method for preparing an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The components in the formula are evenly mixed according to their mass fractions to obtain an additive for improving the survival rate of large yellow croaker during long-distance transportation.

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