A method for spray forming fine structure ceramic-metal composite materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for injection molding fine-structured ceramic-metal composite materials, belonging to the field of 3D printing technology. It solves the problem of easy damage and fracture at the interface between metal and ceramic materials on printed parts, and includes the following steps: preparing a micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, a ceramic suspension, and a support material that does not react with either. In actual application, the invention determines the different material locations and interface positions based on the part model, and determines the volume and position of the gradient region. The gradient region is the metal-ceramic interface, where the ratio of the metal and ceramic suspensions is adjusted according to the adjacent materials. The metal content is high in the area close to the metal, and the ceramic content is high in the area close to the ceramic. This ensures a smooth transition between the metal and ceramic, high connection strength, synchronous sintering, good mechanical properties, and a strong bond between the heterogeneous interfaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of 3D printing technology, and in particular to a method for injection molding of fine-structured ceramic-metal composite materials. Background Art

[0002] 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a technology that creates three-dimensional objects by stacking materials layer by layer. Unlike traditional subtractive manufacturing, 3D printing can generate complex geometries directly from digital models, greatly increasing design freedom and manufacturing flexibility. It works by slicing a three-dimensional model into two-dimensional layers, then having the printer deposit materials such as plastic, metal, and ceramic layer by layer until the entire object is constructed. This technology is widely used in industrial design, healthcare, architecture, aerospace, and other fields. In industrial design, 3D printing allows for rapid prototyping, shortening product development cycles; in healthcare, it enables customized medical devices and implants; and in architecture, 3D printing technology promises to enable rapid and cost-effective house construction. With the continuous advancement of materials science and printing technology, the application prospects of 3D printing will become even broader, bringing innovation and change to various industries.

[0003] 3D printing of metal-ceramic composites is an advanced manufacturing technology that combines metal and ceramic materials to form composite structures with excellent performance. This technology typically uses powder extrusion 3D printing technology, which achieves metal and ceramic composite printing through the extrusion of granular materials. The advantage of this technology is that it can produce complex structures with different functions and performance, and is suitable for fields such as aerospace and medical.

[0004] However, the current implementation method is in the form of a dual nozzle, where metal and ceramic are sprayed separately through two nozzles, so that the metal part and ceramic part of the printed part can be combined together. Finally, through degreasing and sintering, the sprayed metal particles and ceramic particles can be melted and combined together to obtain a printed part with a certain structural strength.

[0005] However, due to the characteristics of the materials, metal and ceramic materials are difficult to combine due to the differences in physical properties at the interface. Even after sintering, the junction of the metal and ceramic materials on the printed part can be said to be the place with the weakest connection strength. When used in an environment with certain structural strength requirements, the printed parts obtained in this way are more prone to damage and breakage.

[0006] Therefore, a fine structure ceramic metal composite material injection molding method is proposed to solve or alleviate the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a method for spray forming a fine structure ceramic-metal composite material.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for spray-forming a fine-structure ceramic-metal composite material comprises the following steps:

[0010] Preparation of micro-nanoscale metal particle suspensions, ceramic suspensions, and support materials that do not react with either;

[0011] Input the part model into the printing system and determine the pure metal parts, pure ceramic parts, and metal-ceramic interface parts in the part model;

[0012] A support material nozzle in the printing system is used to eject support material to construct a support mold, which is then formed by photocuring. A micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, a ceramic suspension, or a mixture of a micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and a ceramic suspension is ejected into the support mold by a multifunctional nozzle in the printing system to fill the support mold. The mold is then accelerated to solidify by photocuring to obtain a composite preform wrapped with the support material.

[0013] placing the composite preform wrapped with the support material into a corresponding organic solvent and vibrating the solvent, removing the support material wrapped around the outside, and obtaining the composite preform;

[0014] The composite embryo is sintered by microwave or spark plasma sintering to obtain a sample.

[0015] Preferably, the micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension is used to fill the pure metal parts in the part model, and the ceramic suspension is used to fill the pure ceramic parts in the part model. The mixed liquid of the micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and the ceramic suspension is controlled in quantity to fill the metal-ceramic interface according to the ratio of the metal-ceramic interface to the pure ceramic parts and pure metal parts on both sides of it.

[0016] Preferably, the step of inputting a part model into a printing system and determining the pure metal portion, the pure ceramic portion, and the metal-ceramic interface portion in the part model comprises the following steps:

[0017] Inputting the part model, its dimensions, and the material of each part into the data processing module of the printing system, marking each part of the part model according to the material of each part of the part model to obtain pure material areas;

[0018] Determine the interface position of different materials in the part model and determine a gradient region based on the interface position of the different materials. The gradient region is the interface between metal and ceramic. When the gradient region is close to a pure material region, the content of the material increases and the ratio is adjusted.

[0019] Divide the part model from bottom to top into several layers of transverse cross-sections according to the print layer height and the height of the part model, and determine the outer contour of each transverse cross-section;

[0020] In each transverse cross-sectional view, each plate of the same material ratio is marked, and each plate includes a pure material plate and plates of different ratios;

[0021] Overlap all transverse sectional views to obtain a top view projection, establish an outer circle covering the top view projection on the outside of the top view projection, and add the outer circle at the same point on each transverse sectional view, and mark the plate between the outer contour of each transverse sectional view and the outer circle as the supporting material plate.

[0022] Preferably, the step of determining the interface position of different materials in the part model and determining a gradient region based on the interface position of the different materials, wherein the gradient region is the interface between metal and ceramic, and the content of the material increases and the ratio is adjusted when the gradient region is close to a pure material region, comprises the following steps:

[0023] Establish a spatial coordinate system and place the part model into the spatial coordinate system to obtain coordinates;

[0024] Determine the interface area based on the interface positions of different materials in the known part model, and determine the specific coordinate range of the interface position to obtain the interface;

[0025] Taking the interface as a reference, determine the distance between a point on it and a pure metal area, determine the distance between a point on it and a pure ceramic area, determine the area between the two segments as a gradient area, and set the metal ratio and ceramic ratio relationship in the gradient area;

[0026] A smoothing factor is introduced to make the metal ratio and ceramic ratio change gradually in the gradient area;

[0027] The volume of the gradient region is calculated by integration to ensure that the volume of the gradient region matches the volumes of the pure metal pure material region and the pure ceramic pure material region on both sides of the interface.

[0028] Preferably, marking the plates of the same material ratio in each transverse cross-sectional view, wherein the plates include pure material plates and plates of different material ratios, comprises the following steps:

[0029] Establishing a spatial coordinate system and placing the part model into the spatial coordinate system to obtain coordinates, wherein each coordinate point of the part model has a metal content and a ceramic content;

[0030] Determine the number of transverse cross-sectional views and the z-coordinate distribution of each transverse cross-sectional view based on the print layer height and the height of the part model;

[0031] The metal content and ceramic content corresponding to each coordinate point with the same z coordinate are classified. When the metal content corresponding to the coordinate point is 1 and the ceramic content is 0, it is classified as a pure metal pure material area. When the metal content corresponding to the coordinate point is 0 and the ceramic content is 1, it is classified as a pure ceramic pure material area. When the metal content corresponding to the coordinate point is not 0 or 1 and the ceramic content is not 0 or 1, it is classified as a gradient area. The pure metal pure material area is marked as a pure metal pure material plate, and the pure ceramic pure material area is marked as a pure ceramic pure material plate.

[0032] The coordinate points of different metal contents or ceramic contents are marked as differentiated proportion plates, and the differentiated proportion plates with different metal contents or ceramic contents are re-marked.

[0033] Preferably, the steps of superimposing all the transverse sectional views to obtain a top view, establishing an outer circle covering the top view outside the top view, adding the outer circle at the same point on each transverse sectional view, and marking the plate between the outer contour of each transverse sectional view and the outer circle as a supporting material plate include the following steps:

[0034] Remove the z-axis coordinates from all transverse cross-sectional views and overlap them to obtain a top-view projection;

[0035] Calculate the outline of the top-view projection image using the convex hull algorithm and obtain a boundary point set containing all boundary points of the top-view projection image;

[0036] Determine the geometric center of the outline of the top-view projection image through the boundary point set;

[0037] Calculate the distance from each contour point to the geometric center;

[0038] Determine that the distance from the outer circle to the outline of the top view projection is at least w, set the radius of the outer circle, and output the outer circle equation;

[0039] The outer circle is generated in each transverse section view using the outer circle equation, and the plate between the outer contour of each transverse section view and the outer circle is identified by the edge detection algorithm and marked as the supporting material plate.

[0040] Preferably, the printing system includes an input module, a data processing module, a control module, a displacement component, a support jet module, a multifunctional jet module, an illumination module, and a spot light module. The input module is coupled to the data processing module, the output end of the data processing module is coupled to the input end of the control module, the output end of the control module is coupled to the displacement component, the support jet module, the multifunctional jet module, the illumination module, and the spot light module. The input module is used for an operator to interact with the printing system. The data processing module is used to input a part model and determine the pure metal part, the pure ceramic part, and the metal-ceramic interface part in the part model. The control module is used to control the start and stop of the displacement component, the support jet module, the multifunctional jet module, the illumination module, and the spot light module. The displacement component is used to control the spatial displacement of the support injection module, the multifunctional injection module, and the point light module respectively. The support injection module is used to inject the support material. The multifunctional injection module is used to inject micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture, solvent, or air. The illumination module is used to provide UV light to the support material after printing and the sprayed micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, and micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture after printing. The point light module is used to delay providing a focused light source to the sprayed micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, and micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture after the multifunctional injection module is injected.

[0041] Preferably, the point light module includes a UV laser, which is used to focus the light source and emit ultraviolet laser to act on the sprayed micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, or a mixture of micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension.

[0042] Preferably, the multifunctional injection module includes a multifunctional nozzle, which includes a cylindrical cavity with one end closed and the other end open, a cavity cover that closes the open end of the cavity, a piston slidably connected in the cavity and positionable at any position in the length direction of the cavity, and a needle fixedly connected to the closed end of the cavity and connected to the cavity. The cavity cover is provided with an air hole connected to the cavity, and two sliding holes. A metal inlet and a ceramic inlet are provided on the piston. A metal inlet pipe that is connected to the metal inlet and passes through one of the sliding holes, and a ceramic inlet pipe that is connected to the ceramic inlet and passes through the other sliding hole are fixedly connected to the piston. The metal inlet pipe and the ceramic inlet pipe can be turned on and off. The aperture of the discharge port of the needle is smaller than the aperture of the feed port of the needle. The outer ring of the end of the cavity close to the needle is fixedly connected with a solvent pipe and a gas filling pipe that are connected to the cavity. The solvent pipe and the gas filling pipe can be turned on and off.

[0043] Preferably, the multifunctional nozzle also includes a metal suspension solenoid valve, a ceramic suspension solenoid valve, an electric push rod, a solvent solenoid valve, a gas solenoid valve, and a discharge solenoid valve coupled to the control module, the metal suspension solenoid valve is connected to the end of the metal inlet tube away from the piston, the ceramic suspension solenoid valve is connected to the end of the ceramic inlet tube away from the piston, the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the side of the cavity cover away from the cavity, and the telescopic rod of the electric push rod passes through the thickness of the cavity cover and is fixedly connected to the piston, the solvent solenoid valve is connected to the end of the solvent tube away from the cavity, the gas solenoid valve is connected to the end of the gas filling tube away from the cavity, one of the interfaces of the discharge solenoid valve is connected to the feed port of the needle, and the other interface of the discharge solenoid valve is connected to the cavity through a one-way valve.

[0044] The invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] In actual application, the invention determines the different material parts and the junction positions according to the part model, and determines the volume and position of the gradient area. The gradient area is the junction of metal and ceramic. The ratio of metal and ceramic suspension is adjusted according to the adjacent materials. The metal content is high in the area close to the metal, and the ceramic content is high in the area close to the ceramic, ensuring a smooth transition between metal and ceramic, high connection strength, synchronous sintering, good mechanical properties, and achieving strong bonding of heterogeneous interfaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without making any creative efforts.

[0047] Figure 1 A flowchart of the invention;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a structural block diagram of the printing system in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the multifunctional nozzle of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the multifunctional nozzle of the present invention.

[0051] 1. Input module; 2. Data processing module; 3. Control module; 4. Displacement module; 5. Support injection module; 6. Multi-function injection module; 601. Cavity; 602. Cavity cover; 603. Piston; 604. Metal inlet; 605. Ceramic inlet; 606. Metal inlet pipe; 607. Ceramic inlet pipe; 608. Solvent pipe; 609. Gas filling pipe; 610. Metal suspension solenoid valve; 611. Ceramic suspension solenoid valve; 612. Solvent solenoid valve; 613. Gas solenoid valve; 614. Electric push rod; 615. One-way valve; 616. Discharge solenoid valve; 617. Needle; 7. Illumination module; 8. Point light module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0053] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0054] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0055] In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the invented product is conventionally placed when in use, or are the orientations or positional relationships conventionally understood by those skilled in the art. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the invention.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are merely used for distinguishing descriptions and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0057] In the description of the invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] A method for spray forming fine structure ceramic metal composite materials, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0059] Preparation of micro-nanoscale metal particle suspensions, ceramic suspensions, and support materials that do not react with either;

[0060] Input the part model into the printing system and determine the pure metal parts, pure ceramic parts, and metal-ceramic interface parts in the part model;

[0061] A support material nozzle in the printing system is used to eject support material to construct a support mold, which is then formed by photocuring. A micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, a ceramic suspension, or a mixture of a micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and a ceramic suspension is ejected into the support mold by a multifunctional nozzle in the printing system for filling. The solidification is accelerated by photocuring to obtain a composite embryo wrapped with the support material, wherein the micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension is used to fill the pure metal part in the part model, the ceramic suspension is used to fill the pure ceramic part in the part model, and the mixture of the micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and the ceramic suspension is controlled in amount to fill the metal-ceramic interface according to the ratio of the metal-ceramic interface to the pure ceramic part and the pure metal part on both sides thereof;

[0062] placing the composite preform wrapped with the support material into a corresponding organic solvent and vibrating the solvent, removing the support material wrapped around the outside, and obtaining the composite preform;

[0063] The composite embryo is sintered by microwave or spark plasma sintering to obtain a sample.

[0064] Preferably, the micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension includes a solvent, micro-nanoscale metal particles, and an organic dispersant, and the ceramic suspension includes a solvent, micro-nanoscale ceramic particles, and an organic dispersant.

[0065] Preferably, inputting a part model into a printing system and determining the pure metal portion, the pure ceramic portion, and the metal-ceramic interface portion in the part model comprises the following steps:

[0066] Input the part model, its dimensions, and the material of each part into the data processing module 22 of the printing system, mark each part of the part model according to the material of each part of the part model, and obtain the pure material area;

[0067] Determine the interface position of different materials in the part model and use the interface position of different materials as a reference to determine the gradient area. The gradient area is the interface between metal and ceramic. When the gradient area is close to a pure material area, the material content increases and the ratio is adjusted.

[0068] Divide the part model from bottom to top into several layers of transverse cross-sections according to the print layer height and the height of the part model, and determine the outer contour of each transverse cross-section;

[0069] In each transverse cross-sectional view, each plate of the same material ratio is marked, and each plate includes a pure material plate and plates of different ratios;

[0070] Overlap all transverse sectional views to obtain a top view projection, establish an outer circle covering the top view projection on the outside of the top view projection, and add the outer circle at the same point on each transverse sectional view, and mark the plate between the outer contour of each transverse sectional view and the outer circle as the supporting material plate.

[0071] Preferably, the intersection position of different materials in the part model is determined and a gradient region is determined based on the intersection position of different materials. The gradient region is the metal-ceramic interface. When the gradient region is close to a pure material region, the material content increases and the ratio is adjusted, including the following steps:

[0072] Establish a spatial coordinate system and place the part model into the spatial coordinate system to obtain coordinates;

[0073] Determine the interface area based on the interface positions of different materials in the known part model, and determine the specific coordinate range of the interface position to obtain the interface;

[0074] Taking the interface as the reference, determine the distance between a point on it and the pure material area of ​​pure metal as , determine the distance between a point on it and the pure material area of ​​pure ceramics is , determine the area between the two segments as the gradient area, and set the metal ratio in the gradient area Relationship with ceramic ratio for ,and ;

[0075] Introducing a smoothing factor Make the metal ratio and ceramic ratio gradually change in the gradient area, and the transition function is ;

[0076] Calculate the volume of the gradient region by integration ,in, and The pure material areas of pure metal and pure material areas of pure ceramic on both sides of the interface are The height of the position ensures that the volume of the gradient area matches the volume of the pure metal pure material area and the pure ceramic pure material area on both sides of the interface.

[0077] Preferably, marking each plate of the same material ratio in each transverse cross-sectional view, each plate including a pure material plate and each plate with different ratios, comprises the following steps:

[0078] Establish a spatial coordinate system and place the part model into the spatial coordinate system to obtain coordinates. Each coordinate point of the part model All have metal content and ceramic content , the metal content and ceramic content Obtained through the z coordinate of the coordinate point and the transition function;

[0079] Determine the number of transverse cross-sectional views and the z-coordinate distribution of each transverse cross-sectional view based on the print layer height and the height of the part model;

[0080] For each coordinate point with the same z coordinate Corresponding metal content and ceramic content To classify, when the coordinate point Corresponding metal content And ceramic content , it is classified as a pure material area of ​​pure metal. When the coordinate point Corresponding metal content And ceramic content , it is classified as a pure material area of ​​pure ceramics. When the coordinate point Corresponding metal content And ceramic content , it is classified as a gradient area, the pure metal pure material area is marked as a pure metal pure material plate, and the pure ceramic pure material area is marked as a pure ceramic pure material plate;

[0081] Different metal contents or ceramic content Coordinate points Marked to distinguish the proportion plate and re-marked the metal content or ceramic content Different proportion plates.

[0082] Preferably, all transverse sectional views are overlapped to obtain a top view, an outer circle covering the top view is established outside the top view, and the outer circle is added at the same point on each transverse sectional view, and the plate between the outer contour of each transverse sectional view and the outer circle is marked as a support material plate, including the following steps:

[0083] Remove the z-axis coordinates from all transverse cross-sectional views and overlap them to obtain a top-view projection;

[0084] Calculate the outline of the top-view projection using the convex hull algorithm and obtain the boundary point set containing all the boundary points of the top-view projection , where k is the number of boundary points;

[0085] Through the boundary point set To determine the geometric center of the outline of the top view projection ;

[0086] Calculate the distance from each contour point to the geometric center ;

[0087] Make sure the distance from the outer circle to the outline of the top view projection is at least w, and set the radius of the outer circle and , and output the outer circle equation ,in, are the coordinates of any point on the circumcircle;

[0088] The outer circle is generated in each transverse section view using the outer circle equation, and the plate between the outer contour of each transverse section view and the outer circle is identified by the edge detection algorithm and marked as the supporting material plate.

[0089] like Figure 2As shown, the printing system includes an input module 1, a data processing module 2, a control module 3, a displacement component, a support jet module 5, a multifunctional jet module 6, an illumination module 7, and a spot light module 8. The input module 1 is coupled to the data processing module 2, the output end of the data processing module 2 is coupled to the input end of the control module 3, the output end of the control module 3 is coupled to the displacement component, the support jet module 5, the multifunctional jet module 6, the illumination module 7, and the spot light module 8. The input module 1 is used for the operator to interact with the printing system, the data processing module 2 is used to input the part model, determine the pure metal part, the pure ceramic part, and the metal-ceramic interface part in the part model, and the control module 3 is used to control the displacement component, the support jet module 5, the multifunctional jet module 6, the illumination module 7, and the spot light module 8 start and stop work, the displacement component is used to control the support injection module 5, the multifunctional injection module 6, and the point light module 8 to perform spatial displacement respectively, the support injection module 5 is used to inject the support material, the multifunctional injection module 6 is used to inject micro-nano scale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, micro-nano scale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture, solvent, or air, the illumination module 7 is used to provide UV light to the support material after printing and the sprayed micro-nano scale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, micro-nano scale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture after printing, and the point light module 8 is used to delay the spraying of the multifunctional injection module 6 to provide a focused light source to the sprayed micro-nano scale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, micro-nano scale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture.

[0090] The point light module 8 includes a UV laser, which is used to focus the light source and emit ultraviolet laser to act on the sprayed micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, and micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture. The displacement module 4 includes several robotic arms, and the support injection module 5, the multi-functional injection module 6, the illumination module 7, and the point light module 8 are respectively arranged on each robotic arm. The illumination module 7 includes an ultraviolet lamp, the support injection module 5 includes a support nozzle, and the support nozzle guides the support material into the nozzle for injection. The control module 3 includes a controller, the data processing module 2 includes a processor, and the input module 1 includes a touch screen.

[0091] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the multifunctional injection module 6 includes a multifunctional nozzle, which includes a cylindrical cavity 601 with one end closed and the other end open, a cavity cover 602 that closes the open end of the cavity 601, a piston 603 that is slidably connected in the cavity 601 and can be positioned at any position in the length direction of the cavity 601, a needle 617 that is fixedly connected to the closed end of the cavity 601 and communicates with the cavity 601, a metal suspension solenoid valve 610 coupled to the control module 3, a ceramic suspension solenoid valve 611, and an electric push rod. 614, solvent solenoid valve 612, gas solenoid valve 613, and discharge solenoid valve 616, the chamber cover 602 is provided with an air hole connected to the chamber 601, and two sliding holes, the piston 603 is provided with a metal inlet 604 and a ceramic inlet 605, the piston 603 is fixedly connected with a metal inlet pipe 606 connected to the metal inlet 604 and passing through one of the sliding holes, and a ceramic inlet pipe 607 connected to the ceramic inlet 605 and passing through the other sliding hole, the metal inlet pipe 606 and the ceramic inlet pipe 607 are fixedly connected to the piston 603. The aperture of the discharge port of the needle 617 is smaller than the aperture of the feed port of the needle 617. The outer ring of the end of the cavity 601 close to the needle 617 is fixedly connected with a solvent tube 608 and a gas tube 609 connected to the cavity 601. The solvent tube 608 and the gas tube 609 can be set to be on and off. Specifically, the metal suspension solenoid valve 610 is connected to the end of the metal inlet tube 606 away from the piston 603, and the ceramic suspension solenoid valve 611 is connected to the end of the ceramic inlet tube 607 away from the piston 603. The electric push rod 614 is fixedly connected to the side of the chamber cover 602 away from the chamber 601, and the telescopic rod of the electric push rod 614 passes through the thickness of the chamber cover 602 and is fixedly connected to the piston 603, the solvent solenoid valve 612 is connected to the end of the solvent tube 608 away from the chamber 601, the gas solenoid valve 613 is connected to the end of the gas filling tube 609 away from the chamber 601, one of the interfaces of the discharge solenoid valve 616 is connected to the feed port of the needle 617, and the other interface of the discharge solenoid valve 616 is connected to the chamber 601 through the one-way valve 615.

[0092] In the actual application of the invention, the parts of different materials can be determined in advance according to the part model, and the boundary positions of the parts of different materials can be determined according to these parts of different materials. The volume and specific position of the gradient area are determined by the data processing module 2 based on the part model, the volume of the pure material area, and the interface area. The gradient area is actually the metal-ceramic interface, and the part contains a mixture of micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension. The ratio of the micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and the ceramic suspension is adjusted according to the proximity to the corresponding material. The closer to the pure metal area, the higher the content of the metal suspension in the gradient area. Conversely, the closer to the pure ceramic area, the higher the content of the ceramic suspension in the gradient area. In this way, it can be ensured that when the two different materials of metal and ceramic are connected, there can be a region where the content of the two materials changes smoothly for transition. At the same time, without changing the original part model structure, the setting of the gradient area is increased, which can ensure that the pure metal part and the pure ceramic part have a strong connection strength when connected, synchronous sintering, good mechanical properties, and achieve strong bonding of the heterogeneous interface between the metal material and the ceramic material.

[0093] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for injection molding of fine structure ceramic metal composite materials, characterized in that: The steps include: Preparation of micro-nanoscale metal particle suspensions, ceramic suspensions, and support materials that do not react with either; Input the part model into the printing system and determine the pure metal parts, pure ceramic parts, and metal-ceramic interface parts in the part model; Inputting the part model, its dimensions, and the materials of its various parts into the data processing module (2) of the printing system, marking each part of the part model according to the materials of each part of the part model, and obtaining pure material areas; Determine the interface position of different materials in the part model and determine a gradient region based on the interface position of the different materials. The gradient region is the interface between metal and ceramic. When the gradient region is close to a pure material region, the content of the material increases and the ratio is adjusted. Establish a spatial coordinate system and place the part model into the spatial coordinate system to obtain coordinates; Determine the interface area based on the interface positions of different materials in the known part model, and determine the specific coordinate range of the interface position to obtain the interface; Taking the interface as a reference, determine the distance between a point on it and a pure metal area, determine the distance between a point on it and a pure ceramic area, determine the area between the two segments as a gradient area, and set the metal ratio and ceramic ratio relationship in the gradient area; A smoothing factor is introduced to make the metal ratio and ceramic ratio change gradually in the gradient area; Calculate the volume of the gradient region to ensure that the volume of the gradient region matches the volume of the pure metal and pure ceramic regions on both sides of the interface; Divide the part model from bottom to top into several layers of transverse cross-sections according to the print layer height and the height of the part model, and determine the outer contour of each transverse cross-section; In each transverse cross-sectional view, each plate of the same material ratio is marked, and each plate includes a pure material plate and plates of different ratios; Overlap all transverse sectional views to obtain a top view projection, establish an outer circle covering the top view projection outside the top view projection, and add the outer circle at the same point on each transverse sectional view, marking the plate between the outer contour of each transverse sectional view and the outer circle as the supporting material plate; A support material nozzle in the printing system is used to eject support material to construct a support mold, which is then formed by photocuring. A micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, a ceramic suspension, or a mixture of a micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and a ceramic suspension is ejected into the support mold by a multifunctional nozzle in the printing system to fill the support mold. The mold is then accelerated to solidify by photocuring to obtain a composite preform wrapped with the support material. placing the composite preform wrapped with the support material into a corresponding organic solvent and vibrating the solvent, removing the support material wrapped around the outside, and obtaining the composite preform; The composite embryo is sintered by microwave or spark plasma sintering to obtain a sample.

2. The method for spray-forming a fine-structure ceramic-metal composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pure metal parts in the part model are filled with micro-nano scale metal particle suspension, and the pure ceramic parts in the part model are filled with ceramic suspension. The mixture of micro-nano scale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension is controlled in amount to fill the metal-ceramic interface according to the ratio of the metal-ceramic interface to the pure ceramic parts and pure metal parts on both sides.

3. The method for spray-forming a fine-structure ceramic-metal composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of marking the plates of the same material ratio in each transverse cross-sectional view, wherein the plates include pure material plates and plates of different material ratios, comprises the following steps: Establishing a spatial coordinate system and placing the part model into the spatial coordinate system to obtain coordinates, wherein each coordinate point of the part model has a metal content and a ceramic content; Determine the number of transverse cross-sectional views and the z-coordinate distribution of each transverse cross-sectional view based on the print layer height and the height of the part model; The metal content and ceramic content corresponding to each coordinate point with the same z coordinate are classified. When the metal content corresponding to the coordinate point is 1 and the ceramic content is 0, it is classified as a pure metal pure material area. When the metal content corresponding to the coordinate point is 0 and the ceramic content is 1, it is classified as a pure ceramic pure material area. When the metal content corresponding to the coordinate point is not 0 or 1 and the ceramic content is not 0 or 1, it is classified as a gradient area. The pure metal pure material area is marked as a pure metal pure material plate, and the pure ceramic pure material area is marked as a pure ceramic pure material plate. The coordinate points of different metal contents or ceramic contents are marked as differentiated proportion plates, and the differentiated proportion plates with different metal contents or ceramic contents are re-marked.

4. The method for spray-forming a fine-structure ceramic-metal composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of overlapping all transverse sectional views to obtain a top view projection, establishing an outer circle covering the top view projection outside the top view projection, adding the outer circle at the same point on each transverse sectional view, and marking the plate between the outer contour of each transverse sectional view and the outer circle as a supporting material plate includes the following steps: Remove the z-axis coordinates from all transverse cross-sectional views and overlap them to obtain a top-view projection; Calculate the outline of the top-view projection image using the convex hull algorithm and obtain a boundary point set containing all boundary points of the top-view projection image; Determine the geometric center of the outline of the top-view projection image through the boundary point set; Calculate the distance from each contour point to the geometric center; Determine that the distance from the outer circle to the outline of the top view projection is at least w, set the radius of the outer circle, and output the outer circle equation; The outer circle is generated in each transverse section view using the outer circle equation, and the plate between the outer contour of each transverse section view and the outer circle is identified by the edge detection algorithm and marked as the supporting material plate.

5. The method for spray-forming a fine-structure ceramic-metal composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The printing system comprises an input module (1), a data processing module (2), a control module (3), a displacement component, a support jet module (5), a multifunctional jet module (6), an illumination module (7), and a spot light module (8), wherein the input module (1) is coupled to the data processing module (2), the output end of the data processing module (2) is coupled to the input end of the control module (3), the output end of the control module (3) is coupled to the displacement component, the support jet module (5), the multifunctional jet module (6), the illumination module (7), and the spot light module (8), the input module (1) is used for an operator to interact with the printing system, the data processing module (2) is used to input a part model, determine a pure metal part, a pure ceramic part, and a metal-ceramic interface part in the part model, and the control module (3) is used to control the displacement component, the support jet module (5), the multifunctional jet module (6), the illumination module (7), and the spot light module (8). The illumination module (7) and the point light module (8) start and stop working, the displacement component is used to control the support injection module (5), the multifunctional injection module (6), and the point light module (8) to perform spatial displacement respectively, the support injection module (5) is used to inject the support material, the multifunctional injection module (6) is used to inject micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture, solvent, or air, the illumination module (7) is used to provide UV light to the support material after printing and the micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture after printing, and the point light module (8) is used to delay the injection of the multifunctional injection module (6) to provide a focused light source to the injected micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and ceramic suspension mixture.

6. The method for spray-forming a fine-structure ceramic-metal composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The point light module (8) comprises a UV laser, which is used to focus the light source and emit ultraviolet laser light to act on the sprayed micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension, ceramic suspension, or a mixture of the micro-nanoscale metal particle suspension and the ceramic suspension.

7. The method for spray-forming a fine-structure ceramic-metal composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multifunctional spray module (6) includes a multifunctional spray head, which includes a cylindrical cavity (601) with one end closed and the other end open, a cavity cover (602) that closes the open end of the cavity (601), a piston (603) that is slidably connected in the cavity (601) and can be positioned at any position in the length direction of the cavity (601), and a needle (617) that is fixedly connected to the closed end of the cavity (601) and communicates with the cavity (601), the cavity cover (602) is provided with an air hole that communicates with the cavity (601), and two sliding holes, and the piston (603) is provided with a metal inlet (604) and a ceramic inlet (605). ), the piston (603) is fixedly connected with a metal inlet tube (606) that is in communication with the metal inlet (604) and passes through one of the sliding holes, and a ceramic inlet tube (607) that is in communication with the ceramic inlet (605) and passes through the other sliding hole, the metal inlet tube (606) and the ceramic inlet tube (607) can be set to be on and off, the aperture of the discharge port of the needle (617) is smaller than the aperture of the feed port of the needle (617), and the outer ring of one end of the cavity (601) close to the needle (617) is fixedly connected with a solvent tube (608) and a gas adding tube (609) that are in communication with the cavity (601), and the solvent tube (608) and the gas adding tube (609) can be set to be on and off.

8. The method for spray-forming a fine-structure ceramic-metal composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multifunctional nozzle further comprises a metal suspension solenoid valve (610), a ceramic suspension solenoid valve (611), an electric push rod (614), a solvent solenoid valve (612), a gas solenoid valve (613), and a discharge solenoid valve (616) coupled to the control module (3); the metal suspension solenoid valve (610) is connected to an end of the metal inlet pipe (606) away from the piston (603); the ceramic suspension solenoid valve (611) is connected to an end of the ceramic inlet pipe (607) away from the piston (603); the electric push rod (614) is fixedly connected to the chamber cover (602). ) is on a side away from the cavity (601), and the telescopic rod of the electric push rod (614) passes through the thickness of the cavity cover (602) and is fixedly connected to the piston (603), the solvent solenoid valve (612) is connected to one end of the solvent tube (608) away from the cavity (601), the gas solenoid valve (613) is connected to one end of the gas filling tube (609) away from the cavity (601), one of the interfaces of the discharge solenoid valve (616) is connected to the feed port of the needle (617), and the other interface of the discharge solenoid valve (616) is connected to the cavity (601) through a one-way valve (615).

Images