Method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore gold extraction tailing broken carbon

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore gold extraction tailing broken carbon. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out ore grinding, grading and separating out 65-85% of fine particle materials with-100 meshes; carrying out reinforced stirring hydrophobization treatment on the fine-grained material, and then conveying the fine-grained material to a flotation system for flotation separation to obtain activated carbon carrying gold, silver and copper and tailings; the activated carbon loaded with gold, silver and copper is conveyed to a novel ashing roasting furnace to be roasted and ashed, and high-grade gold, silver and copper ash is obtained; the high-grade gold, silver and copper ash is subjected to reduction smelting, and alloy gold containing gold, silver and copper and smelting slag are obtained; and selective leaching and replacement are conducted on the alloyed gold, and gold mud, sponge silver, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained. According to the method, flotation, ashing roasting, reduction smelting and selective leaching are ingeniously combined, appropriate technological parameters are matched, efficient recovery of valuable metal such as gold, silver and copper in complex broken carbon such as high copper, high iron and high calcium is achieved, and the problems that in a traditional technology, due to interference of base metal such as copper, iron and calcium, the recovery rate of gold and silver is low, and the environment is polluted are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal recovery of gold-seeded charcoal in gold tailings extracted by carbon-in-slurry method, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from charcoal in gold tailings extracted by complex gold ore. Background Art

[0002] In the gold industry, activated carbon is a key material and is widely used in the enrichment and recovery of gold and silver precious metals, especially in carbon leaching and heap leaching. Activated carbon absorbs gold cyanide complex (Au(CN)2 - ), achieving efficient recovery of precious metals such as gold and silver. However, during use, activated carbon produces a large amount of carbon dust and fine particles due to wear and tear. This fine carbon has small particle size, large specific surface area, and strong adsorption capacity, resulting in a high gold and silver grade. However, due to the presence of a large amount of mineral-based impurities, the actual gold and silver content is low.

[0003] There are approximately 70 carbon-in-pulp plants nationwide, with large-scale plants producing hundreds of tons of crushed carbon annually. This includes fine-grained carbon recovered from leaching tailings safety screening and carbon sludge produced by carbon washing, with a particle size of 32 mesh or larger and a gold grade of 10-200g / t. There is also coarser carbon obtained after desorption carbon screening, with a particle size of 18 mesh or smaller and a gold grade of 500g / t or more. Due to its high impurity content, these crushed carbons are unsuitable for reuse in the original process. Traditional treatment methods, such as ashing roasting or forced air combustion, have difficulties controlling combustion temperature and combustion-supporting air volume, resulting in missed combustion of activated carbon and its inclusion in sintered impurities. This makes it difficult to effectively recover gold and silver in downstream hydrometallurgical processes, and gold and silver are also discharged with the flue gas, resulting in a waste of resources.

[0004] Furthermore, the raw ore from some large-scale gold mine carbon-in-pulp plants contains high levels of easily leachable components such as copper, iron, and sulfur. The resulting carbon fragments recovered from the tailings contain not only numerous ore particles but also significant amounts of metals such as copper, iron, and calcium adsorbed into the fine-grained activated carbon. Efficiently recovering gold and silver from this complex carbon fragment and maximizing the extraction of valuable metals is a key research priority. While some progress has been made, any single recovery method has limitations due to its complex composition.

[0005] At present, the technology of pelletizing, roasting and adding raw ore for cyanide leaching and adsorption as described in the paper "Experimental Research and Industrial Practice on Gold Recovery from Crushed Carbon" has achieved certain technical indicators. However, the leaching rate of gold and silver precious metals in the crushed carbon from the tailings of high-copper and high-iron carbon pulp plants is less than 40% to 50%, and the copper is completely lost, resulting in waste of resources and affecting the technical and economic indicators of the enterprise.

[0006] Based on the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore tailings and charcoal, so as to solve the shortcomings of the existing technology, achieve efficient utilization of resources, and improve the economic and social benefits of the enterprise. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from tailings and charcoal obtained from gold extraction from complex gold ore. The method is mainly used to recover gold, silver and copper from charcoal containing a large amount of metals such as copper, iron and calcium, thereby solving the problems of poor recovery effect and high recovery cost in existing processes.

[0008] The specific technical solution is: a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from tailings and carbon fragments from complex gold ore extraction, comprising the following steps: (1) Grinding and classification: The material to be processed is transported to the ball mill-classification closed-circuit system for grinding and classification to obtain fine-grained materials with a -100 mesh ratio of 65% to 85% and a concentration of 20% to 25%; (2) Flotation separation: The fine particles obtained in step (1) are transported to a reagent stirring tank, and a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors and a foaming agent are added to perform enhanced stirring and hydrophobic treatment; the fine particles are then transported to a flotation system for flotation separation to obtain gold, silver, and copper loaded activated carbon and tailings; This step preferably uses a combination of collector emulsified kerosene or light diesel and anionic or cationic metal mineral collectors based on the characteristics of activated carbon and the chemical properties of the adsorbed elements, and utilizes the synergistic effect to enhance hydrophobicity, thereby efficiently separating it from impurities and ensuring that valuable metals are extracted and utilized to the maximum extent possible.

[0009] In addition, a large amount of waste rock can be discarded through grinding, classification and flotation to obtain high-quality gold, silver and copper loaded activated carbon with stable properties, which can greatly reduce the processing volume of subsequent processes, shorten the roasting time, and help improve the stability of process control while reducing production costs.

[0010] (3) Ashing and roasting of gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon: The gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon obtained in step (2) is transported to a new type of ashing and roasting furnace for roasting. Air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800°C to obtain high-grade gold, silver and copper ash; The new type of ashing roasting furnace used in this step can accurately control the roasting conditions to ensure that valuable metals such as gold, silver, and copper in the activated carbon can be fully released, while avoiding metal loss caused by excessive combustion. It effectively avoids the occurrence of activated carbon leakage or being wrapped by sintered impurities in traditional ashing roasting processes, and has high roasting ashing efficiency.

[0011] (4) Reduction smelting of roasted ash: The high-grade gold, silver and copper ash obtained in step (3) is transported to a reduction smelting furnace, and slag-forming agents such as quartz, sodium carbonate and borax are added for smelting once or twice (it can also be smelted together with the original electrolytic product) to obtain gold containing gold, silver and copper alloys and smelting slag; This step ensures the efficient reduction of valuable metals by precisely controlling the smelting conditions and slag-forming agent ratio, while reducing the mixing of impurities and improving the grade of alloyed gold.

[0012] (5) Selective leaching and replacement of gold: The gold-silver-copper alloy obtained in step (4) is quenched with water and then transported to a copper-silver leaching tank, where nitric acid is added for leaching. After leaching, the gold mud and copper-silver mother liquor are obtained by filtration and washing. The copper-silver mother liquor is added with hydrochloric acid to precipitate silver, and after filtration and washing, a silver chloride precipitate and a copper-containing mother liquor are obtained. The copper-containing mother liquor is replaced by iron powder, and after filtration, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained. The silver chloride precipitate is added with dilute hydrochloric acid for slurry preparation, and iron powder is added for replacement. After filtration, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained. The sponge silver and gold mud are respectively cast into ingots.

[0013] This step achieves efficient separation and recovery of gold, silver and copper through selective leaching and replacement reaction, ensuring that valuable metals can be extracted and utilized to the maximum extent.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the grinding concentration is 60% to 70%, and the classification concentration is 45% to 50%.

[0015] Furthermore, the stirring time during the hydrophobic treatment in step (2) is 15 to 20 minutes.

[0016] Furthermore, the flotation in step (2) includes a roughing selection, a scavenging selection and a fine selection, and the flotation time (generally referring to the time of roughing selection and scavenging selection) is 8 to 10 minutes; the collector used in the roughing selection and scavenging selection is preferably a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors; the amount of the roughing collector is 400 to 500 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 30 to 50 g / t; the amount of the scavenging collector is 200 to 400 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 10 g / t to 20 g / t; and the inhibitor sodium hexametaphosphate is added in the fine selection, and its amount is 100 to 150 g / t.

[0017] Furthermore, the calcination time in step (3) is 24 to 48 hours.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (4), the slag-making agent is composed of quartz 14% to 17%, sodium carbonate 8% to 12%, and borax 4% to 7% by weight of the total materials, and the silica acidity of the slag is controlled to be 1 to 1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1200 to 1400°C.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention skillfully combines flotation, ashing roasting, reduction smelting and selective leaching, and with appropriate process parameters, achieves efficient recovery of valuable metals such as gold, silver and copper from complex charcoal with high copper, high iron and high calcium content. This not only significantly improves the recovery rate of gold, silver and copper, but also avoids the low gold and silver recovery rate and environmental pollution problems caused by interference from base metals such as copper, iron and calcium in traditional processes. Furthermore, by precisely controlling process parameters, production costs are reduced, and the comprehensive utilization rate of resources and the economic benefits of the enterprise are improved. In addition, this method is not only suitable for the comprehensive utilization of resources in charcoal from complex gold and silver mines for gold extraction, but is also suitable for the efficient recovery of low-grade gold, silver and other precious metals from other charcoal fragments. It has strong adaptability and broad prospects for commercial promotion, and is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the gold metallurgical field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from tailings and charcoal from gold extraction from complex gold ores. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the technical problems and technical solutions solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0022] Sample 1#: A kind of charcoal from tailings extracted from a complex gold ore. Its main element chemical analysis is: Au 115.58g / t, Ag 576.59g / t, C 38.68%, Cu 3.58%, Fe 8.77%, CaO 6.56%, Al2O3 3.60%, SiO2 25.35%.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the method of the present invention is used to recover sample 1#, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Grinding and Classification: The material to be processed is transported to the ball mill-classification closed-circuit system for grinding and classification, obtaining fine-grained materials with a -100 mesh ratio of 65% to 85% and a concentration of 20% to 25%. During this process, the grinding concentration is 60% to 70%, and the classification concentration is 45% to 50%.

[0024] (2) Flotation separation: The fine-grained material obtained in step (1) is transported to a reagent stirring barrel, and a combination of a collector preferably consisting of emulsified kerosene or light diesel and an anionic / cationic metal mineral collector, as well as a foaming agent, is added for enhanced stirring and hydrophobic treatment. After stirring for 20 minutes, the fine-grained material is transported to a flotation system for a roughing, a scavenging, and a fine separation to obtain gold, silver, and copper-loaded activated carbon and tailings. In this process, the roughing and scavenging time is 10 minutes, and the collector used in the roughing and scavenging is preferably a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel and an anionic / cationic metal mineral collector; the amount of the roughing collector is 400 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 30 g / t; the amount of the scavenging collector is 300 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 20 g / t; the amount of sodium hexametaphosphate used in the fine separation is 100 g / t.

[0025] (3) Ashing and roasting of gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon: The gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon obtained in step (2) is transported to a new type of ashing and roasting furnace for roasting. Air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800°C. The roasting time is 48 hours to obtain high-grade gold, silver and copper ash.

[0026] (4) Reduction smelting of roasted ash: The high-grade gold, silver, and copper ash obtained in step (3) is transported to a reduction smelting furnace, slag-forming agents such as quartz, sodium carbonate, and borax are added, and smelted twice to obtain gold and smelting slag containing gold, silver, and copper. In this process, the slag-forming agent is mixed in a weight ratio of quartz 15%, sodium carbonate 12%, and boron 6% based on the total material weight. The silica acidity of the slag is controlled to be between 1 and 1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled to be between 1200 and 1400°C.

[0027] (5) Selective leaching and replacement of gold: The gold-silver-copper alloy obtained in step (4) is quenched with water and then transported to a copper-silver leaching tank. Nitric acid is added for leaching. After filtering and washing, gold mud and copper-silver mother liquor are obtained. Hydrochloric acid is added to the copper-silver mother liquor to precipitate silver. After filtering and washing, silver chloride precipitate and copper-containing mother liquor are obtained. Iron powder is added to replace the copper-containing mother liquor. After filtering, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the silver chloride precipitate to prepare the slurry. Iron powder is added to replace the silver chloride precipitate. After filtering, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained. The sponge silver and gold mud are cast into ingots respectively.

[0028] The test results obtained were: gold recovery rate was 96.35%, silver recovery rate was 95.59%, and copper recovery rate was 94.99%. Example 2

[0029] Sample 2#: A complex gold ore tailings carbon, its main element chemical analysis, Au 23.45g / t, Ag164.66g / t, C 9.68%, Cu 4.87%, Fe 21.65%, CaO 4.43%, Al2O34.62% 、 SiO240.35%.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the method of the present invention is used to recover sample 2#, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Grinding and Classification: The material to be processed is transported to the ball mill-classification closed-circuit system for grinding and classification, obtaining fine-grained materials with a -100 mesh ratio of 65% to 85% and a concentration of 20% to 25%. During this process, the grinding concentration is 60% to 70%, and the classification concentration is 45% to 50%.

[0031] (2) Flotation separation: The fine-grained material obtained in step (1) is transported to a reagent stirring tank, and a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors, as well as a foaming agent, is added, and subjected to enhanced stirring and hydrophobic treatment. After stirring for 15 minutes, the fine-grained material is transported to a flotation system for a roughing, a scavenging, and a fine separation to obtain gold, silver, and copper-loaded activated carbon and tailings. In this process, the roughing and scavenging time is 8 minutes, and the collectors used in the roughing and scavenging are preferably a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors; the amount of the roughing collector is 450 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 40 g / t; the amount of the scavenging collector is 200 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 40 g / t; the amount of sodium hexametaphosphate used in the fine separation is 130 g / t.

[0032] (3) Ashing and roasting of gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon: The gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon obtained in step (2) is transported to a new type of ashing and roasting furnace for roasting. Air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800°C. The roasting time is 30 hours to obtain high-grade gold, silver and copper ash.

[0033] (4) Reduction smelting of roasted ash: The high-grade gold, silver, and copper ash obtained in step (3) is transported to a reduction smelting furnace, slag-forming agents such as quartz, sodium carbonate, and borax are added, and smelted twice to obtain gold and smelting slag containing gold, silver, and copper. In this process, the slag-forming agent is mixed in a weight ratio of quartz 17%, sodium carbonate 10%, and borax 5% based on the total material weight. The silicate acidity of the slag is controlled to be between 1 and 1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled to be between 1200 and 1400°C.

[0034] (5) Selective leaching and replacement of gold: The gold-silver-copper alloy obtained in step (4) is quenched with water and then transported to a copper-silver leaching tank. Nitric acid is added for leaching. After filtering and washing, gold mud and copper-silver mother liquor are obtained. Hydrochloric acid is added to the copper-silver mother liquor to precipitate silver. After filtering and washing, silver chloride precipitate and copper-containing mother liquor are obtained. Iron powder is added to replace the copper-containing mother liquor. After filtering, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the silver chloride precipitate to prepare the slurry. Iron powder is added to replace the silver chloride precipitate. After filtering, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained. The sponge silver and gold mud are cast into ingots respectively.

[0035] The test results obtained were: gold recovery rate was 97.43%, silver recovery rate was 95.78%, and copper recovery rate was 96.33%. Example 3

[0036] Sample #3: A type of charcoal from tailings extracted from a complex gold ore. Its main element chemical analysis is: Au 76.35g / t, Ag 300.72g / t, C 29.67%, Cu 4.39%, Fe 17.82%, CaO 7.75%, Al2O3 5.45%, SiO2 26.41%.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the method of the present invention is used to recover sample 3#, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Grinding and Classification: The material to be processed is transported to the ball mill-classification closed-circuit system for grinding and classification, obtaining fine-grained materials with a -100 mesh ratio of 65% to 85% and a concentration of 20% to 25%. During this process, the grinding concentration is 60% to 70%, and the classification concentration is 45% to 50%.

[0038] (2) Flotation separation: The fine-grained material obtained in step (1) is transported to a reagent stirring barrel, and a combination of a collector preferably consisting of emulsified kerosene or light diesel and an anionic / cationic metal mineral collector, as well as a foaming agent, is added for enhanced stirring and hydrophobic treatment. After stirring for 15 minutes, the fine-grained material is transported to a flotation system for a roughing, a scavenging, and a fine separation to obtain gold, silver, and copper-loaded activated carbon and tailings. In this process, the roughing and scavenging time is 8 minutes, and the collector used in the roughing and scavenging is preferably a combination of a collector preferably consisting of emulsified kerosene or light diesel and an anionic / cationic metal mineral collector; the amount of the roughing collector is 500 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 50 g / t; the amount of the scavenging collector is 400 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 50 g / t; the amount of sodium hexametaphosphate used in the fine separation is 150 g / t.

[0039] (3) Ashing and roasting of gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon: The gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon obtained in step (2) is transported to a new type of ashing and roasting furnace for roasting. Air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800°C. The roasting time is 24 hours to obtain high-grade gold, silver and copper ash.

[0040] (4) Reduction smelting of roasted ash: The high-grade gold, silver, and copper ash obtained in step (3) is transported to a reduction smelting furnace, slag-forming agents such as quartz, sodium carbonate, and borax are added, and smelted twice to obtain gold and smelting slag containing gold, silver, and copper. In this process, the slag-forming agent is mixed in a weight ratio of quartz 14%, sodium carbonate 8%, and borax 4% based on the total material weight. The silicate acidity of the slag is controlled to be between 1 and 1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled to be between 1200 and 1400°C.

[0041] (5) Selective leaching and replacement of gold: The gold-silver-copper alloy obtained in step (4) is quenched with water and then transported to a copper-silver leaching tank. Nitric acid is added for leaching. After filtering and washing, gold mud and copper-silver mother liquor are obtained. Hydrochloric acid is added to the copper-silver mother liquor to precipitate silver. After filtering and washing, silver chloride precipitate and copper-containing mother liquor are obtained. Iron powder is added to replace the copper-containing mother liquor. After filtering, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the silver chloride precipitate to prepare the slurry. Iron powder is added to replace the silver chloride precipitate. After filtering, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained. The sponge silver and gold mud are cast into ingots respectively.

[0042] The test results obtained were: gold recovery rate was 96.12%, silver recovery rate was 95.06%, and copper recovery rate was 96.35%.

[0043] In summary, the method of the present invention is used to treat this type of complex gold ore gold extraction slag and charcoal, which can achieve good indicators of gold recovery rate of more than 95%, silver recovery rate of more than 95%, and copper recovery rate of more than 95%. The comprehensive resource recovery effect is good, and the process has good stability, good process production controllability, green environmental protection, and appropriate production cost, so that resources are effectively utilized, which has guiding significance for the comprehensive utilization of resources of complex gold ore gold extraction tailings and charcoal.

[0044] The present invention has been described in detail above through specific and preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from tailings and charcoal from complex gold ore extraction, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Grinding and classification: The material to be processed is transported to the ball mill-classification closed-circuit system for grinding and classification to obtain fine-grained materials with a -100 mesh ratio of 65% to 85% and a concentration of 20% to 25%; (2) Flotation separation: The fine particles obtained in step (1) are transported to a reagent stirring tank, and a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors and a foaming agent are added to perform enhanced stirring and hydrophobic treatment; the fine particles are then transported to a flotation system for flotation separation to obtain gold, silver, and copper loaded activated carbon and tailings; (3) Ashing and roasting of gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon: The gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon obtained in step (2) is transported to a new type of ashing and roasting furnace for roasting. Air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800°C to obtain high-grade gold, silver and copper ash; (4) Reduction smelting of roasted ash: The high-grade gold, silver and copper ash obtained in step (3) is transported to a reduction smelting furnace, and slag-forming agents such as quartz, sodium carbonate and borax are added to carry out smelting once or twice to obtain gold containing gold, silver and copper alloy and smelting slag; (5) Selective leaching and replacement of gold: The gold-silver-copper alloy obtained in step (4) is quenched with water and then transported to a copper-silver leaching tank, where nitric acid is added for leaching. After leaching, the gold mud and copper-silver mother liquor are obtained by filtration and washing. The copper-silver mother liquor is added with hydrochloric acid to precipitate silver, and after filtration and washing, a silver chloride precipitate and a copper-containing mother liquor are obtained. The copper-containing mother liquor is replaced by iron powder, and after filtration, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained. The silver chloride precipitate is added with dilute hydrochloric acid for slurry preparation, and iron powder is added for replacement. After filtration, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained. The sponge silver and gold mud are respectively cast into ingots.

2. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore tailings and charcoal according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the grinding concentration is 60% to 70%, and the classification concentration is 45% to 50%.

3. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from tailings and charcoal from complex gold ore extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring time during the hydrophobic treatment in step (2) is 15 to 20 minutes.

4. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from tailings and charcoal from complex gold ore extraction according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (2), flotation includes a roughing selection, a scavenging selection and a fine selection, and the flotation time is 8 to 10 minutes; the collector used in the roughing selection and the scavenging selection is preferably a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors; the amount of the roughing collector is 400 to 500 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 30 to 50 g / t; the amount of the scavenging collector is 200 to 400 g / t, and the amount of the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol is 10 to 20 g / t; and the inhibitor sodium hexametaphosphate is added in the fine selection, and its amount is 100 to 150 g / t.

5. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from tailings and charcoal from complex gold ore extraction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The roasting time is 24 to 48 hours.

6. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from tailings and charcoal from complex gold ore extraction according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (4), the slag-making agent is composed of quartz 14% to 17%, sodium carbonate 8% to 12%, and borax 4% to 7% by weight of the total materials, and the silica acidity of the slag is controlled to be 1 to 1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1200 to 1400°C.

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