Online detection method, device, equipment and medium for fiber-wound composite gas cylinder

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an online detection method, device and equipment for a fiber-wound composite gas cylinder and a medium, and belongs to the technical field of fatigue detection. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a grating sensing signal of a target gas cylinder in an operation process, wherein the grating sensing signal is acquired by an FBG sensor pre-embedded in a fiber layer of the target gas cylinder; extracting a strain detection signal according to the grating sensing signal; determining a predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal; determining a scanning path according to the predicted damage area, and obtaining ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path; and based on the predicted damage area, damage information of the target gas cylinder is determined according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data, and the damage information comprises a damage position and a damage type. The invention aims to realize the damage state detection of the gas cylinder in the operation process and improve the use safety of the gas cylinder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fatigue detection, and in particular to an online detection method, device, equipment and medium for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders. Background Art

[0002] In existing technologies, with the rise of the hydrogen energy industry, hydrogen energy has played an important role in the transformation of energy structure, and hydrogen storage technology is one of the key links in the hydrogen energy industry chain. At present, composite hydrogen storage cylinders with fiber winding structures are generally used as containers for storing hydrogen energy.

[0003] Fiber-wound composite hydrogen storage cylinders are high-pressure vessels and must be regularly inspected and evaluated to ensure their safety and reliability. Currently used inspection methods are mainly offline inspection methods, including laser scanning, infrared imaging, and high-speed photography. However, since damage to fiber-wound structures manifests as multiple failure modes, their damage state has complex nonlinear characteristics under complex interactions. Currently used offline inspection methods are difficult to accurately predict the damage state of the cylinders when they are online, that is, when they are working. The accuracy of offline inspection is insufficient, affecting their safety in use.

[0004] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to propose an online detection method, device, equipment and medium for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders, aiming to realize the damage status detection of gas cylinders during operation and improve the safety of gas cylinder use.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a liquid boiling detection method, the method comprising: Acquire a grating sensor signal of a target gas cylinder during operation, wherein the grating sensor signal is acquired by an FBG sensor pre-embedded in a fiber layer of the target gas cylinder; extracting a strain detection signal according to the grating sensing signal; determining a predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal; determining a scanning path according to the predicted damage area, and obtaining ultrasonic detection data by ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path; Based on the predicted damage area, damage information of the target gas cylinder is determined according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data, where the damage information includes a damage location and a damage type.

[0007] In some embodiments, the step of determining the predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal includes: Performing Fourier transform processing on the strain detection signal to obtain a corresponding frequency domain signal; determining strain gradient data of the target gas cylinder according to the high-frequency components of the frequency domain signal; Analyzing the strain detection signal by a clustering algorithm to determine an area with abnormal strain values, and determining a stress concentration area based on the area with abnormal strain values and the strain gradient data; In response to a sudden change in the strain value of the stress concentration area within a preset time range, the stress concentration area is determined to be the predicted damage area.

[0008] In some embodiments, the step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data includes: determining corresponding characteristic information according to the stress concentration region and the strain detection signal, the characteristic information including the area, maximum strain value, and average strain value of the stress concentration region; The characteristic information is monitored. When the characteristic information changes over time and the rate of change is greater than a preset rate of change, it is determined that the damage development state corresponding to the predicted damage area is developing, and the damage information also includes the damage development state.

[0009] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining ultrasonic detection data by ultrasonic phased array scanning includes: Performing C-scanning with the ultrasonic phased array to obtain a C-scan image; An initial damage position is determined according to the C-scan image, and an A-scan signal corresponding to the initial damage position is extracted from the C-scan image. The ultrasonic detection data includes the A-scan signal and the C-scan image.

[0010] In some embodiments, the step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data includes: Analyzing the A-scan signal by wavelet packet decomposition to obtain a frequency spectrum characteristic of the A-scan signal; Accessing a damage type database, and determining the damage type according to the corresponding energy value of each frequency component in the frequency spectrum feature and the damage type database.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data includes: The initial damage position and the predicted damage area are compared, and when it is determined that the initial damage position falls within the predicted damage area, the predicted damage area is determined to be the damage position.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of extracting the strain detection signal according to the grating sensing signal includes: The strain detection signal is obtained by processing the grating sensing signal through a temperature compensation algorithm, wherein the grating sensing signal includes a mixed temperature component and a strain component, and the temperature compensation algorithm is used to eliminate the temperature component.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, another aspect of the present application provides an online detection device for a fiber-wound composite gas cylinder, the device comprising: A grating sensing module, used to obtain a grating sensing signal of a target gas cylinder during operation, wherein the FBG sensor in the grating sensing module is pre-embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder; a strain analysis module, configured to extract a strain detection signal based on the grating sensing signal; and determine a predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal; an ultrasonic scanning module, configured to determine a scanning path according to the predicted damage area, and obtain ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path; A damage analysis module is used to determine damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the predicted damage area and according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data, where the damage information includes a damage location and a damage type.

[0014] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, another aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the above-mentioned method when executing the computer program.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method described above is implemented.

[0016] The embodiments of the present application include at least the following beneficial effects: The present application provides a method, apparatus, device, and medium for online inspection of fiber-wound composite gas cylinders. This solution utilizes an FBG sensor embedded in the fiber layer of a target gas cylinder to collect its grating sensing signals during operation. The strain sensing signals are extracted from the grating sensing signals, and based on the strain sensing signals, a predicted damage area is identified and predicted, making a preliminary prediction of the gas cylinder's damage state. Based on the predicted damage area, a scanning path is determined, and ultrasonic detection data is obtained by scanning along the scanning path using an ultrasonic phased array. Then, damage information regarding the damage location and type of the target gas cylinder is determined based on the strain sensing signals and / or ultrasonic detection data. Compared to offline inspection methods, the present application collects grating sensing signals from the gas cylinder during operation for preliminary strain analysis, and then combines this with an ultrasonic phased array for further ultrasonic analysis. By combining the two dimensions of detection data, the present invention enables qualitative and localized identification of gas cylinder damage with complex nonlinear characteristics, accurately detecting the damage state of the gas cylinder and improving the safety of gas cylinder use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of an online detection method for a fiber-wound composite gas cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of step S300 of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a partial flow chart of step S400 in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an online detection method for a fiber-wound composite gas cylinder according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of an online detection device for a fiber-wound composite gas cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the embodiments of the present application. They are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0020] With the rise of new energy technologies, especially the hydrogen energy industry, hydrogen energy has played a significant role in the transformation of the energy structure. Hydrogen storage technology is a key link in this industry chain. Type III and Type IV hydrogen storage cylinders are widely adopted due to their fiber-wound structure, resulting in advantages such as light weight, large capacity, and high hydrogen storage density per unit mass.

[0021] Fiber-wound composite hydrogen storage cylinders are high-pressure vessels and must be regularly inspected and evaluated to ensure their safety and reliability. Currently, the main inspection methods used are offline inspection methods, including laser scanning, infrared imaging, and high-speed video. However, due to the fiber-wound structure of Type III and Type IV cylinders, their damage manifests itself in multiple failure modes, including matrix cracking, delamination, fiber breakage, and complex interactions between the fiber and the matrix. Therefore, the damage state of Type III and Type IV cylinders has complex nonlinear characteristics. Currently, offline inspection methods are difficult to accurately predict their damage state when they are online, that is, in operation. The inaccuracy of offline inspections is insufficient, affecting their safety in use.

[0022] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a method, device, equipment and medium for online detection of fiber-wound composite gas cylinders. Figure 1 This is an optional flow chart of an online detection method for a fiber-wound composite gas cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The method may include but is not limited to steps S100 to S500.

[0023] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown in the figures, or a combination of certain steps, or different steps.

[0024] Step S100, obtaining a grating sensor signal of a target gas cylinder during operation, where the grating sensor signal is acquired by an FBG sensor pre-embedded in a fiber layer of the target gas cylinder; In this embodiment, a method for fatigue and damage detection of fiber-wound composite hydrogen storage cylinders is provided. The target cylinders are also cylinders of this type. For fiber-wound composite hydrogen storage cylinders, it is precisely because of the structural design of the fiber-resin composite material wound reinforcement layer (i.e., the fiber layer) and the aluminum alloy liner that the current online detection method is insufficient. Therefore, there is a need to apply the method of this embodiment.

[0025] In order to implement the method of this embodiment, refer to Figure 4 , it is necessary to pre-embed the FBG sensor in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder, that is, the pre-embedding operation needs to be carried out during the preparation process of the gas cylinder. Among them, the FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensor is a fiber Bragg grating sensor, which is formed by changing the refractive index of the optical fiber core to produce a small periodic modulation, and can be used to measure the strain of the structure.

[0026] During the pre-embedding operation, the optical fiber protective layer needs to be removed with wire strippers to expose the bare optical fiber. The bare optical fiber is cleaned with an alcohol cotton ball to remove surface dust and contaminants, and then the optical fiber is cut with an optical fiber cutting tool to ensure that the end face is flat. The optical fiber end faces to be fused are then aligned in the optical fiber fusion splicing equipment, and the equipment heats the end faces to achieve fusion. After the fusion is completed, the optical fiber is cooled and the fusion point is covered with a heat shrink tube for protection, and then heated to achieve a fixing effect. The pre-embedding operation needs to be carried out in conjunction with the preparation process of the gas cylinder, that is, under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Since the curing of the fiber layer and the flow of resin in the molding stage may cause folding of the optical fiber or signal distortion, a sleeve is used to protect the optical fiber to prevent it from being compressed and deformed during the molding process or breaking after being led out. When the optical fiber sleeve is cured together with the fiber layer, its close combination with the material improves the overall damage resistance. The FBG sensor is fixed to the surface of the fiber layer using acrylic glue and adjusted to the appropriate measurement direction. The glue needs to be cured at room temperature for 24 hours to ensure sufficient strength. In addition, the optical fiber lead-out part from the prepreg to the demodulator must also be protected by a sleeve. The optical fiber and its protective sleeve are led out through the through-hole left on the surface of the gas cylinder. After leading out, the through-hole is sealed to ensure its long-term stability. After installation, the FBG sensor is inspected and tested to ensure the normal operation of all sensors.

[0027] Furthermore, the layout of FBG sensors needs to consider areas of the gas cylinder that are prone to damage, forming an FBG sensor network to improve the efficiency of global and local damage monitoring. These areas are prone to damage, such as the end caps, connections, and areas subject to heavy loads. The topology of the sensor network must also consider the sensor layout. Different topologies, such as linear, tree, or grid structures, can be used, with the most appropriate layout selected based on the actual situation. Furthermore, factors such as the transmission distance between sensors, signal attenuation, environmental interference, and redundant configurations must be considered to determine the most appropriate layout for the FBG sensor network.

[0028] The FBG sensor embedded in the fiber layer is connected to the demodulator. During the operation of the target gas cylinder, the grating sensing signal of the target gas cylinder can be obtained based on the FBG sensor network and the demodulator. The grating sensing signal represents the strain of the target gas cylinder during operation.

[0029] Step S200, extracting a strain detection signal according to the grating sensing signal; The grating sensing signal collected by the FBG sensor is data in the form of a time series. At the same time, according to its detection principle, the signal is also a composite signal including two dimensions: temperature and strain. For the method of this embodiment, the temperature component is not needed and will affect the accuracy of the strain component analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the influence of the temperature component and extract the required strain component to form the strain detection signal, which is also data in the form of a time series.

[0030] Step S300, determining a predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal; The method of this embodiment is to collaboratively detect the damage status of the target gas cylinder through preliminary strain analysis and further ultrasonic analysis. In the strain analysis stage, a predicted damage area can be preliminarily predicted based on the strain detection signal. The predicted damage area represents the area where damage may have occurred, determined from the strain perspective. Based on the predicted damage area, a further ultrasonic analysis processing method can be planned. While improving the pertinence and efficiency of ultrasonic analysis, the analysis results of the two dimensions of strain analysis and ultrasonic analysis can also be compared to accurately detect the damage status.

[0031] Step S400 , determining a scanning path according to the predicted damage area, and obtaining ultrasonic detection data by ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path; Optionally, the ultrasonic analysis method implemented in this embodiment is performed through an ultrasonic phased array. The ultrasonic phased array is a technology that controls the amplitude and phase of each unit in the array antenna, adjusts the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave, and synthesizes the radar beam within a certain spatial range for focused scanning. It is usually also used in conjunction with devices such as encoders, computing terminals and ultrasonic probes.

[0032] Since ultrasonic phased arrays are generally suitable for inspecting planar structures, they have difficulty applying to curved or irregular surfaces. The gas cylinders targeted by this embodiment fall into this category. Therefore, in this embodiment, a scanning path is first planned based on the predicted damage area, which can reduce the difficulty in applying the ultrasonic phased array. At the same time, an arc-shaped guide wire can be used to ensure close contact between the ultrasonic probe and the curved surface structure, further reducing the distortion and attenuation of the reflected signal. Based on the planned scanning path, the ultrasonic probe is used to scan the target gas cylinder according to the scanning path to obtain the corresponding ultrasonic detection data.

[0033] Step S500 : Based on the predicted damage area, damage information of the target gas cylinder is determined according to the strain detection signal and / or ultrasonic detection data. The damage information includes the damage location and damage type.

[0034] Through the detection of steps S200 to S400, a strain detection signal for preliminary analysis, ultrasonic detection data for further analysis, and a predicted damage area where damage may exist are obtained. Since the ultrasonic phased array itself is also applicable to the field of structural detection, the ultrasonic detection data and the strain detection signal can be analyzed separately to determine the damage status of the target gas cylinder. The analysis results of the two dimensions and the predicted damage area are compared, and the analysis results are supplemented and verified with each other, thereby determining damage information such as the damage location and damage type of the target gas cylinder.

[0035] In steps S100 to S500 illustrated in the embodiment of the present application, by utilizing an FBG sensor pre-embedded in the fiber layer of a target gas cylinder, the grating sensing signal of the target gas cylinder is collected during its operation, a strain detection signal is extracted from the grating sensing signal, and a predicted damage area is identified based on the strain detection signal, a preliminary prediction of the damage state of the gas cylinder is made, and then a scanning path is determined based on the predicted damage area, and ultrasonic detection data is obtained by scanning according to the scanning path using an ultrasonic phased array. Then, damage information about the damage location and damage type of the target gas cylinder is determined based on the strain detection signal and / or ultrasonic detection data analysis. Compared with the offline detection method, the present application collects the grating sensing signal of the gas cylinder during operation for preliminary strain analysis, and then combines it with the ultrasonic phased array for further ultrasonic analysis. By combining the detection data of the two dimensions, it is possible to qualitatively and locate gas cylinder damage with complex nonlinear characteristics, accurately detect the damage state of the gas cylinder, and improve the safety of gas cylinder use.

[0036] In some embodiments, step S200 includes: The grating sensing signal is processed by a temperature compensation algorithm to obtain a strain detection signal, wherein the grating sensing signal includes a mixed temperature component and a strain component, and the temperature compensation algorithm is used to eliminate the temperature component.

[0037] Step S200 includes preprocessing steps for the grating sensor signal, one of which is to eliminate the temperature component. For the grating sensor signal, the temperature component will cause temperature drift in the signal. By using a preset temperature compensation algorithm to process the grating sensor signal, the coupling between the temperature component and the strain component is eliminated, thereby extracting the pure strain component. In addition, the strain component also needs to be preprocessed accordingly to convert the wavelength drift data into an equivalent strain value (in terms of is a unit), forming a strain detection signal composed of strain values formed by a time series.

[0038] By using a temperature compensation algorithm to eliminate the temperature component and extract the strain detection signal, the strain detection signal can accurately represent the condition of the target gas cylinder in the strain dimension, avoiding the influence of temperature drift and improving the accuracy of gas cylinder damage status detection.

[0039] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 , step S300 includes: Step S310, performing Fourier transform processing on the strain detection signal to obtain a corresponding frequency domain signal; Step S320, determining the strain gradient data of the target gas cylinder according to the high-frequency components of the frequency domain signal; Step S330 , analyzing the strain detection signal by a clustering algorithm to determine an area with abnormal strain values, and determining a stress concentration area based on the area with abnormal strain values and strain gradient data; Step S340 : In response to a sudden change in the strain value of the stress concentration area within a preset time range, determining the stress concentration area as a predicted damage area.

[0040] Strain detection signals are time-series data, equivalent to time-domain signals. Strain analysis requires combining them with frequency-domain signals. Therefore, Fourier transforms are performed on the strain detection signals to convert them into corresponding frequency-domain signals. Data preprocessing is performed before frequency-domain signal analysis. Specifically, a bandpass filter (e.g., 1Hz to 500Hz) is used to remove noise and static drift from the frequency-domain signals. Principal component analysis is then used to reduce the dimensionality of the frequency components, improving the accuracy of the frequency-domain signals.

[0041] The obtained frequency domain signal can be analyzed from multiple angles.

[0042] The frequency with more obvious amplitude can reflect the periodic change of the signal.

[0043] According to the specific frequency, low-frequency components (frequency less than 10 Hz), medium-frequency components (frequency 10 Hz to 50 Hz) and high-frequency components (frequency greater than 50 Hz) can be divided. In other embodiments, the division standard can also be set to other frequencies according to actual conditions. Among them, the low-frequency component can reflect the static strain distribution of the gas cylinder, the medium-frequency component can reflect the strain change of the gas cylinder under dynamic load, and the high-frequency component can reflect local damage and mutation.

[0044] In addition, the bandwidth represents the frequency range where energy is concentrated in the spectrum, which can reflect the complexity of the signal; the spectrum energy distribution represents the energy proportion of various frequency components, which can help identify the main energy source of the signal; the peak frequency is the frequency with the largest amplitude in the spectrum, which may correspond to the main strain or deformation mode.

[0045] The above-mentioned various spectrum-related parameters, even if not directly related to damage, can help personnel better understand the damage status of the target gas cylinder. Therefore, they can be extracted and output as auxiliary reference data for analysis.

[0046] Among them, the high-frequency component is related to local damage and mutation, and can also reflect the strain gradient. Therefore, the strain gradient of all nodes is calculated based on the amplitude difference of the high-frequency components of adjacent nodes (each FBG sensor represents a node) and the quotient of the spatial distance between adjacent nodes. The data between the nodes can be supplemented in the form of spatial interpolation to form the strain gradient data. The strain gradient data can be output in the form of images using visualization tools such as heat maps or contour maps, so that staff can intuitively observe the distribution law of the strain gradient.

[0047] In addition, the strain value can be combined for analysis. The strain detection signal can be analyzed through clustering algorithms such as K-means or DBSCAN to identify abnormal strain values, that is, abnormal areas where the strain value is significantly higher than the surrounding area. Then, by comparing the abnormal strain value area and the strain gradient data, the matching stress concentration area can be determined. This stress concentration area actually represents the area where the target gas cylinder is prone to damage.

[0048] For the stress concentration area, the strain value of the area is further analyzed, and the strain detection signal within a preset time range of the stress concentration area is analyzed. The preset time range is set, for example, 1 hour or 2 hours before the current moment, to determine whether the stress concentration area has a sudden change in strain value within the preset time range. For example, the amplitude change of the strain value exceeds the preset amplitude, which represents a sudden change in strain value. When it is determined that a sudden change in strain value has occurred, it is determined that strain damage may have occurred in the stress concentration area, and the area is determined as a predicted damage area, and the subsequent step S400 is executed. When it is determined that no sudden change in strain value has occurred, it is determined that strain damage has not occurred in the stress concentration area, and step S400 can be skipped, but continuous monitoring is still required.

[0049] By combining frequency domain analysis, strain gradient analysis, and strain value analysis, the predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder is determined from multiple perspectives in the strain dimension, ensuring that the predicted damage area covers the actual damaged area as much as possible, improving the accuracy of strain analysis, and thus improving the accuracy of gas cylinder damage status detection.

[0050] Optionally, based on the determined predicted damage areas, taking into account the distribution of the predicted damage areas on the gas cylinder and the number of predicted damage areas, a scanning path is planned so that the scanning path is convenient for the ultrasonic probe to scan while also being able to fully scan the required ultrasonic detection data, thereby ensuring the efficiency and accuracy of the ultrasonic analysis.

[0051] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 The step of obtaining ultrasonic detection data by ultrasonic phased array scanning in step S400 includes: Step S410, performing C-scanning using an ultrasonic phased array to obtain a C-scan image; Step S420 , determining the initial damage position according to the C-scan image, and extracting the A-scan signal corresponding to the initial damage position from the C-scan image. The ultrasonic detection data includes the A-scan signal and the C-scan image.

[0052] The ultrasonic phased array can perform multiple scanning modes, and the types of data obtained under different scanning modes are also different. In this embodiment, C-scan and A-scan are applied. C-scan is a two-dimensional planar imaging mode that can detect the distribution of defects inside the material on a specific depth plane. A-scan is a one-dimensional waveform diagram of the echo signal of a single ultrasonic beam at a single detection position changing with time or depth. That is, C-scan is for two-dimensional images, and A-scan is for one-dimensional images.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the ultrasonic phased array scans along the scanning path, a C-scan is first performed to obtain a two-dimensional C-scan image, which can be visualized using imaging analysis software such as Mentor PC. The initial damage location is identified based on the signal reflection intensity distribution in the C-scan image. This location is the initial location where the damage occurs. For this initial damage location, the corresponding A-scan signal is extracted from the C-scan image, and further spectrum analysis is performed on the ultrasonic detection data including the C-scan image and the A-scan signal to determine the specific damage status.

[0054] It should be noted that the initial damage location does not refer to the actual location where the damage has occurred, but only refers to the location where the damage initially occurred. Since the damage will develop and expand and affect more areas, the two concepts are not equivalent.

[0055] By utilizing the C-scan image and A-scan signal of the ultrasonic phased array, detection data of possible damage locations from two-dimensional and one-dimensional scanning angles are extracted to support subsequent spectrum analysis and improve the accuracy of ultrasonic analysis.

[0056] In some embodiments, the step of determining damage information of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal and / or ultrasonic detection data in step S500 includes: The A-scan signal is analyzed by wavelet packet decomposition to obtain the spectrum characteristics of the A-scan signal; Access the damage type database and determine the damage type according to the corresponding energy value of each frequency component in the spectrum characteristics and the damage type database.

[0057] The ultrasonic detection data obtained based on the above embodiment can be used alone to analyze the damage status. Using the A-scan signal, the A-scan signal is first normalized to unify its amplitude range. Then, based on the signal characteristics and actual needs, an adaptive wavelet basis function is selected, such as Daubechies wavelet or Symlet wavelet, etc. The number of layers of wavelet packet decomposition is determined according to the frequency characteristics of the signal. Based on the determined wavelet basis function and the number of layers of wavelet packet decomposition, the A-scan signal is wavelet packet decomposition to obtain the signal coefficient of each frequency band. Then, the signal energy of each frequency band is calculated based on the coefficient. The signal energy distribution of each frequency band is the spectral feature described in this embodiment.

[0058] Access the damage type database, in which the frequency bands and energy thresholds corresponding to various damage types are preset and stored, which can be used as a standard for judging whether the corresponding type of damage exists. By comparing the energy values of each frequency component in the spectral characteristics with the frequency bands and energy thresholds of various damage types in the damage type database, the damage type that meets the comparison is judged, and the damage type that meets the comparison is determined as the damage type that appears at the initial damage position.

[0059] By using wavelet packet decomposition and database analysis in the ultrasonic analysis dimension to determine the damage type of the gas cylinder, the damage status can be qualitatively characterized and the damage status of the gas cylinder can be detected online to facilitate staff response and improve the safety of hydrogen storage cylinder use.

[0060] In some embodiments, the step of determining damage information of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal and / or ultrasonic detection data in step S500 further includes: The initial damage position and the predicted damage area are compared, and when it is determined that the initial damage position falls within the predicted damage area, the predicted damage area is determined to be the damage position.

[0061] Since the scanning path is not completely equivalent to the predicted damage area, the initial damage position obtained based on the C-scan image analysis does not necessarily fall within the predicted damage area. Registration and comparison are required to determine whether the initial damage position falls within the range of the predicted damage area. When it is determined to fall within, the predicted damage area can be determined to be the damage position, further supplementing the damage information of the detection results. When it is determined not to fall within, it means that there is a conflict between the results of ultrasonic analysis and strain analysis. The strain situation of the initial damage position can be re-analyzed to determine whether the strain analysis is wrong, resulting in an incorrect range division of the predicted damage area. An alarm notification can also be issued to the staff, who will observe the image of the strain gradient data and manually determine the actual location of the damage.

[0062] By comparing the initial damage location with the predicted damage area, the accuracy of the damage location determined by analysis is improved. Furthermore, the damage location effectively correlates the results of strain analysis and ultrasonic analysis, improving the accuracy of the collaborative detection of gas cylinder damage using strain analysis and ultrasonic analysis in this embodiment.

[0063] In some embodiments, the step of determining damage information of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal and / or ultrasonic detection data in step S500 further includes: Determine corresponding characteristic information according to the stress concentration area and the strain detection signal, wherein the characteristic information includes the area of the stress concentration area, the maximum strain value, and the average strain value; Monitor characteristic information. When the characteristic information changes over time and the rate of change is greater than a preset rate of change, determine that the damage development state of the corresponding predicted damage area is developing. The damage information also includes the damage development state.

[0064] Based on the strain detection signals and stress concentration areas obtained in the above embodiment, in step S500, further damage state analysis can be performed from the strain dimension. Specifically, the area of the stress concentration area, the maximum strain value, and the average strain value among the strain values are calculated based on the stress concentration area and the strain detection signals. The area, maximum strain value, and average strain value are used as characteristic information reflecting the current status of the stress concentration area. In other embodiments, the characteristic information may also include other data such as strain gradient.

[0065] Monitor each data in the characteristic information. Since the strain detection signal itself is time series data and changes with time, if the strain condition in the stress concentration area changes, the data in the characteristic information will also change accordingly. Determine the change rate of the characteristic information. The change rate can be the average change rate of each data in the characteristic information, or the change rate of any data. Because the strain damage of the gas cylinder cannot be repaired by itself over time without external intervention, when the change rate is greater than the preset change rate, it can be determined that the area where the damage occurs is deteriorating or expanding, that is, the damage corresponding to the predicted damage area is deteriorating or expanding, and the damage development status is determined to be developing. When the change rate remains less than or equal to the preset change rate, it can be determined that the damage development status is not developed.

[0066] By calculating characteristic information and monitoring its rate of change, the damage progression status of the gas cylinder can be determined. This allows the damage information to be supplemented with relevant information about the damage progression status, increasing the dimensionality of the damage status detection results. Furthermore, the parameters in the characteristic information can also be used to characterize the extent of damage at that location. Therefore, in addition to determining the damage progression status, the characteristic information parameters can also be output as data reference within the damage information, enabling quantitative damage detection and providing a more comprehensive understanding of the damage status of the gas cylinder.

[0067] As described in the aforementioned embodiments, in the frequency domain signal of the strain detection signal, the peak frequency may correspond to the main strain or deformation mode. Therefore, in some embodiments, the peak frequency of the frequency domain signal can also be analyzed to identify the type of deformation occurring in the target gas cylinder based on the peak frequency and the local deformation database, such as lateral deformation or torsional deformation, and then identify the area where local deformation occurs by comparing the strain distribution of the target gas cylinder under different load conditions, thereby determining the local deformation type and local deformation area, thereby further increasing the dimension of the damage information.

[0068] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to specific application examples: In an embodiment of the present application, a method for online inspection of filament-wound composite gas cylinders is provided. This method utilizes an FBG sensor embedded in the fiber layer of a target gas cylinder to collect and acquire a grating sensing signal during the operation of the target gas cylinder. The grating sensing signal is then processed using a temperature compensation algorithm to eliminate the temperature component, and the remaining strain component is used to determine a strain detection signal.

[0069] The strain detection signal is Fourier transformed to obtain the corresponding frequency domain signal. The strain gradient data of the target gas cylinder is determined based on the high-frequency components in the frequency domain signal. The strain detection signal is analyzed by a clustering algorithm to determine the area with abnormal strain values. The stress concentration area is determined based on the area with abnormal strain values and the strain gradient data. The strain value of the stress concentration area within a preset time range is detected. When it is determined that the strain value has undergone a sudden change, the stress concentration area is determined to be a predicted damage area.

[0070] A scanning path is determined based on the predicted damage area. An ultrasonic phased array C-scan is performed along this scanning path to obtain a C-scan image. The initial damage location is determined based on the C-scan image, and the A-scan signal corresponding to the initial damage location is extracted from the C-scan image. The A-scan signal is analyzed using wavelet packet decomposition to obtain its spectral characteristics. The damage type database is then accessed and the damage type information is determined based on the corresponding energy values of each frequency component in the spectral characteristics and the damage type database.

[0071] The initial damage position and the predicted damage area are compared. When it is determined that the initial damage position falls within the predicted damage area, the predicted damage area is determined to be the damage position in the damage information.

[0072] In addition, the area, maximum strain value and average strain value of the stress concentration area are determined based on the stress concentration area and the strain detection signal, and the three data are defined as characteristic information. The characteristic information is monitored. When the characteristic information changes with time and the change rate is greater than the preset change rate, the damage development status of the corresponding predicted damage area is determined to be developing, so that the damage information further includes relevant information on the damage development status.

[0073] See also Figure 5 The present application also provides an online detection device for filament-wound composite gas cylinders, which can implement the above-mentioned online detection method for filament-wound composite gas cylinders. The device includes: A grating sensing module, used to obtain a grating sensing signal of a target gas cylinder during operation, wherein the FBG sensor in the grating sensing module is pre-embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder; a strain analysis module, configured to extract a strain detection signal based on the grating sensing signal; and determine a predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal; an ultrasonic scanning module, configured to determine a scanning path according to the predicted damage area, and obtain ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path; A damage analysis module is used to determine damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the predicted damage area and according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data, where the damage information includes a damage location and a damage type.

[0074] Among them, reference Figure 4 The grating sensing module includes devices such as FBG sensors and demodulators, and the ultrasonic scanning module includes devices such as encoders, computing terminals and ultrasonic probes.

[0075] It can be understood that the contents of the above method embodiments are all applicable to the present device embodiments, the functions specifically implemented by the present device embodiments are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0076] The present application also provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described online detection method for filament-wound composite gas cylinders. The electronic device can be any smart terminal, including a tablet computer and an in-vehicle computer.

[0077] It can be understood that the contents of the above method embodiments are applicable to the present device embodiments, the functions specifically implemented by the present device embodiments are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0078] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 The hardware structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment is shown. The electronic device includes: The processor 901 can be implemented as a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application; The memory 902 can be implemented in the form of a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (RAM). The memory 902 can store an operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 902 and is called by the processor 901 to execute the online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders in the embodiments of this application. Input / output interface 903, used to implement information input and output; Communication interface 904, used to implement communication interaction between this device and other devices, which can be achieved through wired means (such as USB, network cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.); Bus 905 , which transmits information between various components of the device (e.g., processor 901 , memory 902 , input / output interface 903 , and communication interface 904 ); The processor 901 , the memory 902 , the input / output interface 903 and the communication interface 904 are connected to each other in communication within the device via a bus 905 .

[0079] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for arranging sensors based on indoor area size is implemented.

[0080] It can be understood that the contents of the above method embodiments are all applicable to the present storage medium embodiment, the functions specifically implemented by the present storage medium embodiment are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0081] The memory, as a non-transient computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transient software programs and non-transient computer executable programs. In addition, the memory may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-transient memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transient solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory may optionally include a memory remotely arranged relative to the processor, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0082] The embodiments described in the embodiments of this application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps in the methods, systems, and functional modules / units in the devices disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or appropriate combinations thereof.

[0084] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0085] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following items" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0086] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the above-mentioned units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0087] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0088] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0089] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes multiple instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store programs, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0090] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and essence of the present invention should be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for online detection of fiber-wound composite gas cylinders, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquire a grating sensor signal of a target gas cylinder during operation, wherein the grating sensor signal is acquired by an FBG sensor pre-embedded in a fiber layer of the target gas cylinder; extracting a strain detection signal according to the grating sensing signal; determining a predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal; determining a scanning path according to the predicted damage area, and obtaining ultrasonic detection data by ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path; Based on the predicted damage area, damage information of the target gas cylinder is determined according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data, where the damage information includes a damage location and a damage type.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of determining the predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal includes: Performing Fourier transform processing on the strain detection signal to obtain a corresponding frequency domain signal; determining strain gradient data of the target gas cylinder according to the high-frequency components of the frequency domain signal; Analyzing the strain detection signal by a clustering algorithm to determine an area with abnormal strain values, and determining a stress concentration area based on the area with abnormal strain values and the strain gradient data; In response to a sudden change in the strain value of the stress concentration area within a preset time range, the stress concentration area is determined to be the predicted damage area.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data includes: determining corresponding characteristic information according to the stress concentration region and the strain detection signal, the characteristic information including the area, maximum strain value, and average strain value of the stress concentration region; The characteristic information is monitored. When the characteristic information changes over time and the rate of change is greater than a preset rate of change, it is determined that the damage development state corresponding to the predicted damage area is developing, and the damage information also includes the damage development state.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The step of obtaining ultrasonic detection data by ultrasonic phased array scanning includes: Performing C-scanning with the ultrasonic phased array to obtain a C-scan image; An initial damage position is determined according to the C-scan image, and an A-scan signal corresponding to the initial damage position is extracted from the C-scan image. The ultrasonic detection data includes the A-scan signal and the C-scan image.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data includes: Analyzing the A-scan signal by wavelet packet decomposition to obtain a frequency spectrum characteristic of the A-scan signal; Accessing a damage type database, and determining the damage type according to the corresponding energy value of each frequency component in the frequency spectrum feature and the damage type database.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data includes: The initial damage position and the predicted damage area are compared, and when it is determined that the initial damage position falls within the predicted damage area, the predicted damage area is determined to be the damage position.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of extracting the strain detection signal according to the grating sensing signal comprises: The strain detection signal is obtained by processing the grating sensing signal through a temperature compensation algorithm, wherein the grating sensing signal includes a mixed temperature component and a strain component, and the temperature compensation algorithm is used to eliminate the temperature component.

8. An online detection device for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders, characterized in that: The device comprises: A grating sensing module, used to obtain a grating sensing signal of a target gas cylinder during operation, wherein the FBG sensor in the grating sensing module is pre-embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder; a strain analysis module, configured to extract a strain detection signal based on the grating sensing signal; and determine a predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal; an ultrasonic scanning module, configured to determine a scanning path according to the predicted damage area, and obtain ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path; A damage analysis module is used to determine damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the predicted damage area and according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data, where the damage information includes a damage location and a damage type.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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