Building construction safety detection method and system based on BIM and VR technology

Abstract

This application relates to the field of construction safety inspection technology, and in particular to a method and system for construction safety inspection based on BIM and VR technologies. The method includes the following steps: acquiring tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisted material attribute data, and construction personnel positioning data during the hoisting process; modeling the tower crane hoisting scenario based on BIM technology and assessing the risks of wire rope resonance and falling materials during the hoisting process; determining the fall range of the hoisted materials and assessing the exposure risk to construction personnel based on their positioning data; comprehensively assessing the overall hoisting risk during the tower crane hoisting process by considering the risks of wire rope resonance, falling materials, and exposure to construction personnel, providing a tower crane hoisting risk warning, and visualizing the warning using VR technology. This application effectively improves the perception and response efficiency of potential risks during tower crane hoisting by quantifying the risks of wire rope resonance, falling materials, and exposure to construction personnel during tower crane operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of construction safety inspection technology, and in particular to a construction safety inspection method and system based on BIM and VR technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of modern production methods in construction, the level of construction mechanization is constantly improving, and the increase in high-altitude operations and hoisting operations has led to a significant increase in the frequency of use of lifting equipment. As the main lifting equipment on construction sites, tower cranes have many advantages such as a wide working area, high effective lifting height, and large lifting capacity, and occupy an irreplaceable position in construction operations.

[0003] Traditional tower crane safety inspection methods struggle to achieve accurate quantification and visualization of dynamic risks. Existing technologies rely solely on static threshold alarms to assess wire rope resonance risks, lacking a quantitative model for the dynamic deviation between excitation frequency and natural frequency, leading to missed detections of latent vibration risks. Furthermore, the prediction of the fall range of hoisted materials uses empirical algorithms with fixed radii, failing to integrate the real-time motion characteristics of the hoisted materials with the impact resistance properties of the building facilities. This results in distorted assessments of the risk range and consequences of damage, hindering the level of safety management at construction sites in complex hoisting environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the defects and shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a construction safety inspection method and system based on BIM and VR technologies. By quantifying the risks of wire rope resonance, falling materials, and exposure of construction personnel during tower crane operation, it effectively improves the perception and response efficiency of potential risks during tower crane hoisting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technologies, including the following steps:

[0007] Acquire tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisted material attribute data, and construction personnel location data during the hoisting process;

[0008] Based on BIM technology, a tower crane hoisting scenario model was created, and the wire rope attribute data and hoisting material attribute data were combined to assess the risks of wire rope resonance and hoisting material falling during the tower crane hoisting process.

[0009] The risk range of falling hoisted materials is determined based on the results of the risk assessment of falling hoisted materials, and the exposure risk of construction personnel is assessed by combining the location data of construction personnel.

[0010] The comprehensive risk assessment of tower crane hoisting process includes the risks of wire rope resonance, falling materials, and exposure of construction personnel. Based on the comprehensive risk assessment results, tower crane hoisting risk warnings are issued and visualized using VR technology.

[0011] Optionally, the assessment steps for the risk of wire rope resonance include:

[0012] Obtain the natural frequency data of the wire rope from the wire rope property data and the wire rope vibration data at each monitoring moment from the tower crane operation data;

[0013] The vibration data of the wire rope is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the vibration spectrum of the wire rope, and the first-order principal frequency component with the largest amplitude is taken as the main excitation frequency data of the wire rope.

[0014] The wire rope resonance risk index is calculated based on the relative deviation between the wire rope's natural frequency data and its main excitation frequency data. The formula for calculating the wire rope resonance risk index is as follows:

[0015] ;

[0016] In the formula Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding main excitation frequency data of the wire rope, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding natural frequency data of the steel wire rope, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope resonance risk index is used to quantitatively assess the risk of wire rope resonance during tower crane hoisting due to the main excitation frequency of the wire rope being close to the natural frequency of the wire rope.

[0017] Optionally, the assessment steps for the risk of the hoisted goods falling include:

[0018] Acquire tower crane operation data, which includes wire rope vibration data, wire rope swing amplitude data, wire rope swing angle data, horizontal speed data and lifting height data of the hoisted materials during tower crane operation;

[0019] The horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the hoisted material and the vertical line of the wire rope is used as the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted material, and the falling radius of the hoisted material is calculated by combining the tower crane operation data.

[0020] The fall range of the hoisted material is determined by the fall radius of the hoisted material, and the fall range index and fall destructive index of the hoisted material are calculated. The fall range index is the ratio of the projected area of ​​the fall range of the hoisted material to the projected area of ​​the tower crane's operating range.

[0021] The weighted sum of the fall range index and the fall damage index of the hoisted materials is used to obtain the fall risk index of the hoisted materials.

[0022] Optionally, the formula for calculating the fall radius of the hoisted materials is:

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula This data represents the distance of the center of gravity offset of the hoisted goods. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing amplitude data, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing angle data, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding horizontal speed data for hoisting materials, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding data on the falling time of the hoisted goods under the hoisting height data. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding fall radius of the hoisted materials.

[0025] Optionally, the calculation steps for the fall damage index include:

[0026] The fall radius of the hoisted material is used to determine the fall range of the hoisted material, and the building attribute data within the fall range of the hoisted material is extracted based on BIM technology. The building attribute data includes the projected area of ​​the building within the fall range of the hoisted material and the design value of the impact resistance of the building.

[0027] The impact force of the hoisted material falling is determined based on the kinetic energy theorem, and the ratio of the impact force to the design value of the building's impact resistance is used as the destructive factor of the hoisted material falling on the building.

[0028] The ratio of the projected area of ​​the building facility within the fall zone of the hoisted material to the projected area of ​​the fall zone of the hoisted material is used as the probability factor of the hoisted material falling on the building facility, and the product of the fall damage factor and the fall probability factor is used as the fall damage index of the hoisted material.

[0029] Optionally, the risk assessment steps for construction workers' exposure include:

[0030] Obtain the location data of construction personnel and count the number of construction personnel within the fall range of hoisted materials;

[0031] The ratio of the number of construction workers within the fall range of hoisted materials to the projected area of ​​the fall range is used as the construction worker density risk factor. The construction worker density risk factor is used to quantify the density of construction workers per unit area.

[0032] The cumulative time that construction workers spend continuously within the range of falling hoisted materials within a preset sliding time window is statistically analyzed, and the cumulative time is normalized with the sliding time window to obtain the exposure time factor of the construction workers. The exposure time factor is used to reflect the degree of continuous exposure of construction workers in the risk area.

[0033] The product of the average exposure time factor of all construction workers within the range of the falling hoisted materials and the construction worker density risk factor is used as the construction worker exposure risk index, which is used to quantitatively assess the risk level of construction workers suffering injury from falling materials due to being within the range of the falling hoisted materials.

[0034] Optionally, the step of issuing a tower crane lifting risk warning based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results includes:

[0035] The wire rope resonance risk index, the hoisted material falling risk index, and the construction worker exposure risk index were obtained and weighted summed to obtain the comprehensive hoisting risk index.

[0036] A tower crane lifting risk warning is issued when the comprehensive lifting risk index is greater than the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold; no tower crane lifting risk warning is issued when the comprehensive lifting risk index is less than or equal to the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold.

[0037] Secondly, this application provides a construction safety inspection system based on BIM and VR technologies, including:

[0038] The data acquisition module is used to acquire tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisted material attribute data, and construction personnel location data during the hoisting process.

[0039] The hoisting risk assessment module is used to model tower crane hoisting scenarios based on BIM technology and combine wire rope attribute data and hoisting material attribute data to assess the risks of wire rope resonance and hoisting material falling during the tower crane hoisting process.

[0040] The personnel risk assessment module is used to determine the fall range of hoisted materials based on the risk assessment results of falling hoisted materials and to assess the exposure risk of construction personnel in combination with the location data of construction personnel.

[0041] The hoisting risk early warning module is used to comprehensively assess the overall hoisting risks during tower crane operations, including wire rope resonance risk, falling material risk, and worker exposure risk. Based on the comprehensive hoisting risk assessment results, it provides early warnings of tower crane hoisting risks and presents them visually using VR technology.

[0042] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be called by the processor, and the processor executes a construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology by calling the computer program stored in the memory.

[0043] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform a construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technologies.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0045] This application introduces BIM technology to achieve refined modeling of tower crane hoisting scenarios. By combining tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisted material attribute data, and construction personnel positioning data, it quantitatively assesses the risks of wire rope resonance, hoisted material falling, and construction personnel exposure, thereby determining the comprehensive hoisting risk. This effectively improves the perception and response efficiency of potential risks during tower crane hoisting, thereby achieving intelligent safety management and control of the entire hoisting operation process and significantly enhancing the level of construction safety assurance. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tower crane provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the building construction safety inspection system based on BIM and VR technology provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments and specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of this application, rather than limitations thereof. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0052] Please see Figure 1, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology provided in the embodiments of this application, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0053] S110: Acquire tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisted material attribute data, and construction personnel location data during the hoisting process.

[0054] S120: Based on BIM technology, tower crane hoisting scenario modeling is carried out and the wire rope attribute data and hoisting material attribute data are combined to evaluate the wire rope resonance risk and hoisting material falling risk during the tower crane hoisting process. The steps of tower crane hoisting scenario modeling based on BIM technology include: (1) Data collection: collect the original models of building structure, site layout, construction stage planning, etc., as well as tower crane parameter data; (2) Tower crane model construction and parameter definition: call the standard component library or import the customized tower crane 3D model and place it in the BIM scene according to the actual installation position, and set motion constraints and load attributes; (3) Hoisting material and construction scene model integration: load the hoisting material model and set attributes, and integrate the construction stage scene model based on the current construction stage, including loading temporary structures such as scaffolding and facilities in the current construction stage.

[0055] Wire rope resonance refers to the resonance phenomenon that may occur during tower crane hoisting when the excitation frequency of the wire rope is close to its natural frequency. This leads to a significant increase in the vibration amplitude of the wire rope, thereby increasing the risk of swaying, falling, or structural instability of the hoisted materials. Assessing the risk of wire rope resonance can accurately reflect the degree of resonance that may occur under different working conditions, providing precise early warning for tower crane hoisting safety management. The steps for assessing the risk of wire rope resonance include:

[0056] Obtain the natural frequency data of the wire rope from the wire rope attribute data and the wire rope vibration data at each monitoring time from the tower crane operation data. The formula for calculating the natural frequency data of the wire rope can be:

[0057] ;

[0058] In the formula Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding working length of the wire rope, This indicates the initial tension of the wire rope. This indicates the mass per unit length of the wire rope. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding natural frequency data of the wire rope;

[0059] The vibration data of the wire rope is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the vibration spectrum of the wire rope, and the first-order principal frequency component with the largest amplitude is taken as the main excitation frequency data of the wire rope.

[0060] The wire rope resonance risk index is calculated based on the relative deviation between the wire rope's natural frequency data and its main excitation frequency data. The formula for calculating the wire rope resonance risk index is as follows:

[0061] ;

[0062] In the formula Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding main excitation frequency data of the wire rope, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding natural frequency data of the steel wire rope, This indicates the relative frequency deviation of the wire rope, when the main excitation frequency of the wire rope... Approaching the natural frequency of the wire rope When the relative frequency deviation of the wire rope approaches 0, the wire rope is in a potential resonance state. Then make keep away At this time, the wire rope resonance risk index decreases rapidly, effectively distinguishing between the resonance zone and the non-resonance zone. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope resonance risk index is used to quantitatively assess the risk of wire rope resonance during tower crane hoisting due to the main excitation frequency of the wire rope being close to the natural frequency of the wire rope.

[0063] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tower crane provided in this application embodiment. The tower crane mainly consists of the tower body, lifting boom, counterweight, luffing trolley, and wire rope. During tower crane operation, the risk of falling hoisted materials refers to the possibility that the hoisted materials may fall uncontrollably and cause damage within a certain range due to factors such as wire rope swing, shift of the center of gravity of the hoisted materials, or external interference. Assessing the risk of falling hoisted materials can quantify the spatial impact and impact intensity that the falling materials may cause. The steps for assessing the risk of falling hoisted materials include:

[0064] Acquire tower crane operation data, which includes wire rope vibration data, wire rope swing amplitude data, wire rope swing angle data, horizontal speed data and lifting height data of the hoisted materials during tower crane operation;

[0065] The horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the hoisted material and the vertical line of the wire rope is used as the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted material, and the falling radius of the hoisted material is calculated by combining the tower crane operation data.

[0066] The formula for calculating the fall radius of hoisted materials is:

[0067] ;

[0068] In the formula This data represents the distance of the center of gravity offset of the hoisted goods. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing amplitude data, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing angle data, This indicates the horizontal displacement caused by the swing of the wire rope, that is, the state in which the hoisted goods are "off-swing". Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding horizontal speed data for hoisted materials is as follows: during actual hoisting, the rotation of the crane boom and the sliding of the luffing trolley both contribute to the horizontal speed of the hoisted materials. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding data on the falling time of the hoisted goods under the hoisting height data. , Indicates the monitoring time Corresponding hoisting height data, Represents gravitational acceleration. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding fall radius of the hoisted goods;

[0069] The fall radius of the hoisted material is used to determine the fall range of the hoisted material, and the fall range index and fall damage index of the hoisted material are calculated. The fall range index is the ratio of the projected area of ​​the fall range of the hoisted material to the projected area of ​​the tower crane's operating range. The calculation steps for the fall damage index include:

[0070] The fall radius of the hoisted material is used to determine the fall range of the hoisted material, and the building attribute data within the fall range of the hoisted material is extracted based on BIM technology. The building attribute data includes the projected area of ​​the building within the fall range of the hoisted material and the design value of the impact resistance of the building.

[0071] The impact force of the hoisted material falling is determined based on the kinetic energy theorem, and the ratio of the impact force to the design value of the building's impact resistance is used as the destructive factor of the hoisted material falling on the building.

[0072] The ratio of the projected area of ​​the building facility within the fall range of the hoisted material to the projected area of ​​the fall range of the hoisted material is used as the probability factor of the hoisted material falling on the building facility, and the product of the fall damage factor and the fall probability factor is used as the fall damage index of the hoisted material.

[0073] The weighted sum of the fall range index and the fall damage index of the hoisted materials is used to obtain the fall risk index of the hoisted materials.

[0074] S130: Determine the fall range of hoisted materials based on the risk assessment results of falling hoisted materials and assess the exposure risk of construction personnel in conjunction with the location data of construction personnel;

[0075] Construction worker exposure risk refers to the probabilistic risk that construction workers may be injured while in the potential falling range of hoisted materials during tower crane operations due to prolonged exposure. By combining the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of construction workers, a worker density risk factor and an exposure time factor are introduced to measure the density of construction workers per unit area and the duration of individual stays in high-risk areas, respectively. The assessment steps for construction worker exposure risk include:

[0076] Obtain the location data of construction personnel and count the number of construction personnel within the fall range of hoisted materials;

[0077] The ratio of the number of construction workers within the fall range of hoisted materials to the projected area of ​​the fall range is used as the construction worker density risk factor. The construction worker density risk factor is used to quantify the density of construction workers per unit area.

[0078] The cumulative time that construction workers spend continuously within the falling range of hoisted materials within a preset sliding time window is statistically analyzed, and the cumulative time is normalized with the sliding time window to obtain the exposure time factor of the construction workers. The exposure time factor is used to reflect the degree of continuous exposure of construction workers in the risk area. The preset sliding time window can be set based on the single hoisting cycle of the tower crane, that is, the single hoisting time of the tower crane is used as the preset sliding time window, so that the sliding time window covers a complete hoisting process.

[0079] The product of the average exposure time factor of all construction workers within the range of the falling hoisted materials and the construction worker density risk factor is used as the construction worker exposure risk index, which is used to quantitatively assess the risk level of construction workers suffering injury from falling materials due to being within the range of the falling hoisted materials.

[0080] S140: Comprehensive risk assessment of tower crane lifting processes, including wire rope resonance risk, falling material risk, and worker exposure risk. Based on the comprehensive risk assessment results, tower crane lifting risk warnings are issued and visualized using VR technology. The visualization is based on a BIM-constructed tower crane lifting scene, dynamically linking the comprehensive risk assessment results with a 3D model. Risk levels and distribution are intuitively expressed through colors, icons, and animations: high-risk areas are highlighted in red to show the lifting path, fall range, and densely populated areas; wire rope resonance locations are indicated by flashing or vibration effects; worker exposure within risk areas is dynamically displayed using a moving humanoid model. Simultaneously, the VR environment allows users to immerse themselves in the entire tower crane operation process from a first-person perspective, analyze potential hazards, and receive warnings when risks exceed thresholds. This achieves real-time, interactive, and visualized safety warning management of lifting operation risks.

[0081] Comprehensive hoisting risk refers to a quantitative assessment of the overall safety of tower crane hoisting operations by weighting and integrating risks such as wire rope resonance, falling materials, and worker exposure. This assessment, combined with a pre-set comprehensive hoisting risk threshold, establishes a risk warning mechanism. The steps for issuing tower crane hoisting risk warnings based on the comprehensive hoisting risk assessment results include:

[0082] The wire rope resonance risk index, the hoisted material falling risk index, and the construction worker exposure risk index were obtained and weighted summed to obtain the comprehensive hoisting risk index.

[0083] A tower crane lifting risk warning is issued when the comprehensive lifting risk index is greater than the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold; no tower crane lifting risk warning is issued when the comprehensive lifting risk index is less than or equal to the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold.

[0084] In this embodiment of the application, the determination of parameters such as weighting weights and preset comprehensive hoisting risk thresholds can be achieved by: constructing a dataset by acquiring tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisting material attribute data, and construction personnel positioning data; substituting these data into the dataset to calculate the hoisting material fall risk index and the comprehensive hoisting risk index; simultaneously acquiring expert judgments on the hoisting material fall risk and the comprehensive hoisting risk; importing the calculated hoisting material fall risk index, the comprehensive hoisting risk index, and the judgment results into fitting software; and outputting the weighting weights and preset comprehensive hoisting risk thresholds that meet the maximum judgment accuracy.

[0085] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a construction safety inspection system based on BIM and VR technology provided in this embodiment. The system includes:

[0086] Data acquisition module 210 is used to acquire tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisted material attribute data and construction personnel positioning data during the hoisting process;

[0087] The hoisting risk assessment module 220 is used to model tower crane hoisting scenarios based on BIM technology and assess the risks of wire rope resonance and falling of hoisted materials during the tower crane hoisting process by combining wire rope attribute data and hoisting material attribute data.

[0088] The personnel risk assessment module 230 is used to determine the fall range of hoisted materials based on the risk assessment results of falling hoisted materials and to assess the exposure risk of construction personnel in combination with the location data of construction personnel.

[0089] The hoisting risk early warning module 240 is used to comprehensively assess the overall hoisting risks during the tower crane hoisting process, including the risks of wire rope resonance, falling materials, and exposure of construction personnel. Based on the comprehensive hoisting risk assessment results, it provides early warnings of tower crane hoisting risks and presents them visually using VR technology.

[0090] In this embodiment, the hoisting risk assessment module 220 is used to model the tower crane hoisting scenario based on BIM technology and assess the wire rope resonance risk and the falling risk of the hoisted material during the tower crane hoisting process by combining wire rope attribute data and hoisted material attribute data. The assessment steps for the wire rope resonance risk include:

[0091] Obtain the natural frequency data of the wire rope from the wire rope property data and the wire rope vibration data at each monitoring moment from the tower crane operation data;

[0092] The vibration data of the wire rope is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the vibration spectrum of the wire rope, and the first-order principal frequency component with the largest amplitude is taken as the main excitation frequency data of the wire rope.

[0093] The wire rope resonance risk index is calculated based on the relative deviation between the wire rope's natural frequency data and its main excitation frequency data. The formula for calculating the wire rope resonance risk index is as follows:

[0094] ;

[0095] In the formula Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding main excitation frequency data of the wire rope, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding natural frequency data of the steel wire rope, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope resonance risk index is used to quantitatively assess the risk of wire rope resonance during tower crane hoisting due to the main excitation frequency of the wire rope being close to the natural frequency of the wire rope.

[0096] The steps for assessing the risk of falling materials during hoisting include:

[0097] Acquire tower crane operation data, which includes wire rope vibration data, wire rope swing amplitude data, wire rope swing angle data, horizontal speed data and lifting height data of the hoisted materials during tower crane operation;

[0098] The horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the hoisted material and the vertical line of the wire rope is used as the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted material, and the falling radius of the hoisted material is calculated by combining the tower crane operation data.

[0099] The fall range of the hoisted material is determined by the fall radius of the hoisted material, and the fall range index and fall destructive index of the hoisted material are calculated. The fall range index is the ratio of the projected area of ​​the fall range of the hoisted material to the projected area of ​​the tower crane's operating range.

[0100] The weighted sum of the fall range index and the fall damage index of the hoisted materials is used to obtain the fall risk index of the hoisted materials.

[0101] The formula for calculating the fall radius of hoisted materials is:

[0102] ;

[0103] In the formula This data represents the distance of the center of gravity offset of the hoisted goods. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing amplitude data, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing angle data, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding horizontal speed data for hoisting materials, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding data on the falling time of the hoisted goods under the hoisting height data. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding fall radius of the hoisted goods;

[0104] The steps for calculating the fall damage index include:

[0105] The fall radius of the hoisted material is used to determine the fall range of the hoisted material, and the building attribute data within the fall range of the hoisted material is extracted based on BIM technology. The building attribute data includes the projected area of ​​the building within the fall range of the hoisted material and the design value of the impact resistance of the building.

[0106] The impact force of the hoisted material falling is determined based on the kinetic energy theorem, and the ratio of the impact force to the design value of the building's impact resistance is used as the destructive factor of the hoisted material falling on the building.

[0107] The ratio of the projected area of ​​the building facility within the fall zone of the hoisted material to the projected area of ​​the fall zone of the hoisted material is used as the probability factor of the hoisted material falling on the building facility, and the product of the fall damage factor and the fall probability factor is used as the fall damage index of the hoisted material.

[0108] In this embodiment, the personnel risk assessment module 230 is used to determine the fall range of hoisted materials based on the fall risk assessment results and to assess the exposure risk of construction personnel in conjunction with the location data of construction personnel. The assessment steps for the exposure risk of construction personnel include:

[0109] Obtain the location data of construction personnel and count the number of construction personnel within the fall range of hoisted materials;

[0110] The ratio of the number of construction workers within the fall range of hoisted materials to the projected area of ​​the fall range is used as the construction worker density risk factor. The construction worker density risk factor is used to quantify the density of construction workers per unit area.

[0111] The cumulative time that construction workers spend continuously within the range of falling hoisted materials within a preset sliding time window is statistically analyzed, and the cumulative time is normalized with the sliding time window to obtain the exposure time factor of the construction workers. The exposure time factor is used to reflect the degree of continuous exposure of construction workers in the risk area.

[0112] The product of the average exposure time factor of all construction workers within the range of the falling hoisted materials and the construction worker density risk factor is used as the construction worker exposure risk index, which is used to quantitatively assess the risk level of construction workers suffering injury from falling materials due to being within the range of the falling hoisted materials.

[0113] In this embodiment, the hoisting risk early warning module 240 is used to comprehensively assess the overall hoisting risk during tower crane hoisting, including the risk of wire rope resonance, the risk of falling materials, and the risk of exposure of construction personnel. Based on the comprehensive hoisting risk assessment results, it issues a tower crane hoisting risk warning and presents it visually using VR technology. The steps for issuing a tower crane hoisting risk warning based on the comprehensive hoisting risk assessment results include:

[0114] The wire rope resonance risk index, the hoisted material falling risk index, and the construction worker exposure risk index were obtained and weighted summed to obtain the comprehensive hoisting risk index.

[0115] A tower crane lifting risk warning is issued when the comprehensive lifting risk index is greater than the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold; no tower crane lifting risk warning is issued when the comprehensive lifting risk index is less than or equal to the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold.

[0116] The parameters and steps for implementing the corresponding functions of each unit module in the BIM and VR-based building construction safety inspection system of this application can be referred to the parameters and steps in the embodiments of the BIM and VR-based building construction safety inspection method above, and will not be repeated here.

[0117] Please refer to Figure 4 The present invention also provides an electronic device 300, including a memory 310, a processor 320, and a communication bus 330; the memory 310 and the processor 320 are connected via the communication bus 330. The memory 310 stores a construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology, which can be loaded and executed by the processor 320 as provided in the above embodiments.

[0118] The memory 310 can be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory 310 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function, and instructions for implementing the BIM and VR-based building construction safety inspection method provided in the above embodiments. The data storage area may store data involved in the BIM and VR-based building construction safety inspection method provided in the above embodiments.

[0119] Processor 320 may include one or more processing cores. Processor 320 executes instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in memory 310, and calls data stored in memory 310 to perform various functions and process data as described in this application. Processor 320 may be at least one of the following: Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Central Processing Unit (CPU), Controller, Microcontroller, and Microprocessor. It is understood that, for different devices, the electronic devices used to implement the functions of processor 320 may also be other types, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit the specific devices used.

[0120] The communication bus 330 may include a path for transmitting information between the aforementioned components. The communication bus 330 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, etc. The communication bus 330 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 4 The symbol is represented by a single double arrow, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0121] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that can be loaded by a processor and executed as described in the above embodiments, representing a building construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technologies.

[0122] In this embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible device that holds and stores instructions used by an instruction execution device. A computer-readable storage medium can be, but is not limited to, an electrical storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any combination thereof. Specifically, a computer-readable storage medium can be a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a USB flash drive, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), spoofing random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital multifunction disc (DVD), memory stick, floppy disk, optical disk, magnetic disk, mechanical encoding device, or any combination thereof.

[0123] The terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0124] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the foregoing application concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technologies, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisted material attribute data, and construction personnel location data during the hoisting process; Based on BIM technology, a tower crane hoisting scenario model was created, and the wire rope attribute data and hoisting material attribute data were combined to assess the risks of wire rope resonance and hoisting material falling during the tower crane hoisting process. The risk range of falling hoisted materials is determined based on the results of the risk assessment of falling hoisted materials, and the exposure risk of construction personnel is assessed by combining the location data of construction personnel. A comprehensive risk assessment is conducted on the tower crane lifting process, taking into account the risks of wire rope resonance, falling materials, and exposure of construction personnel. Based on the results of the comprehensive risk assessment, tower crane lifting risk warnings are issued and visualized using VR technology. The assessment steps for the risk of wire rope resonance include: Obtain the natural frequency data of the wire rope from the wire rope property data and the wire rope vibration data at each monitoring moment from the tower crane operation data; The vibration data of the wire rope is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the vibration spectrum of the wire rope, and the first-order principal frequency component with the largest amplitude is taken as the main excitation frequency data of the wire rope. The wire rope resonance risk index is calculated based on the relative deviation between the wire rope's natural frequency data and its main excitation frequency data. The formula for calculating the wire rope resonance risk index is as follows: ； In the formula Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding main excitation frequency data of the wire rope, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding natural frequency data of the steel wire rope, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope resonance risk index is used to quantitatively assess the risk of wire rope resonance during tower crane hoisting due to the main excitation frequency of the wire rope being close to the natural frequency of the wire rope. The steps for assessing the risk of falling materials during hoisting include: Acquire tower crane operation data, which includes wire rope vibration data, wire rope swing amplitude data, wire rope swing angle data, horizontal speed data and lifting height data of the hoisted materials during tower crane operation; The horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the hoisted material and the vertical line of the wire rope is used as the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted material, and the falling radius of the hoisted material is calculated by combining the tower crane operation data. The fall range of the hoisted material is determined by the fall radius of the hoisted material, and the fall range index and fall destructive index of the hoisted material are calculated. The fall range index is the ratio of the projected area of ​​the fall range of the hoisted material to the projected area of ​​the tower crane's operating range. The weighted sum of the fall range index and the fall damage index of the hoisted materials is used to obtain the fall risk index of the hoisted materials.

2. The construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the fall radius of the hoisted materials is: ； In the formula This data represents the distance of the center of gravity offset of the hoisted goods. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing amplitude data, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing angle data, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding horizontal speed data for hoisting materials, Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding data on the falling time of the hoisted goods under the hoisting height data. Indicates the monitoring time The corresponding fall radius of the hoisted materials.

3. The construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation steps for the fall damage index include: The fall radius of the hoisted material is used to determine the fall range of the hoisted material, and the building attribute data within the fall range of the hoisted material is extracted based on BIM technology. The building attribute data includes the projected area of ​​the building within the fall range of the hoisted material and the design value of the impact resistance of the building. The impact force of the hoisted material falling is determined based on the kinetic energy theorem, and the ratio of the impact force to the design value of the building's impact resistance is used as the destructive factor of the hoisted material falling on the building. The ratio of the projected area of ​​the building facility within the fall zone of the hoisted material to the projected area of ​​the fall zone of the hoisted material is used as the probability factor of the hoisted material falling on the building facility, and the product of the fall damage factor and the fall probability factor is used as the fall damage index of the hoisted material.

4. The construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for assessing the exposure risks to construction workers include: Obtain the location data of construction personnel and count the number of construction personnel within the fall range of hoisted materials; The ratio of the number of construction workers within the fall range of hoisted materials to the projected area of ​​the fall range is used as the construction worker density risk factor. The construction worker density risk factor is used to quantify the density of construction workers per unit area. The cumulative time that construction workers spend continuously within the range of falling hoisted materials within a preset sliding time window is statistically analyzed, and the cumulative time is normalized with the sliding time window to obtain the exposure time factor of the construction workers. The exposure time factor is used to reflect the degree of continuous exposure of construction workers in the risk area. The product of the average exposure time factor of all construction workers within the range of the falling hoisted materials and the construction worker density risk factor is used as the construction worker exposure risk index, which is used to quantitatively assess the risk level of construction workers suffering injury from falling materials due to being within the range of the falling hoisted materials.

5. The construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for issuing tower crane lifting risk warnings based on comprehensive lifting risk assessment results include: The wire rope resonance risk index, the hoisted material falling risk index, and the construction worker exposure risk index were obtained and weighted summed to obtain the comprehensive hoisting risk index. A tower crane lifting risk warning is issued when the comprehensive lifting risk index is greater than the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold; no tower crane lifting risk warning is issued when the comprehensive lifting risk index is less than or equal to the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold.

6. A construction safety inspection system based on BIM and VR technology, applied to any one of the construction safety inspection methods based on BIM and VR technology as described in claims 1-5, characterized in that, The system includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisted material attribute data, and construction personnel location data during the hoisting process. The hoisting risk assessment module is used to model tower crane hoisting scenarios based on BIM technology and combine wire rope attribute data and hoisting material attribute data to assess the risks of wire rope resonance and hoisting material falling during the tower crane hoisting process. The personnel risk assessment module is used to determine the fall range of hoisted materials based on the risk assessment results of falling hoisted materials and to assess the exposure risk of construction personnel in combination with the location data of construction personnel. The hoisting risk early warning module is used to comprehensively assess the overall hoisting risks during tower crane operations, including wire rope resonance risk, falling material risk, and worker exposure risk. Based on the comprehensive hoisting risk assessment results, it provides early warnings of tower crane hoisting risks and presents them visually using VR technology.

7. An electronic device, comprising: A processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be called by the processor; characterized in that the processor executes the building construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology as described in any one of claims 1-5 by calling the computer program stored in the memory.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The system stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the construction safety inspection method based on BIM and VR technology as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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