Anti-icing self-shedding shed structure and transmission line insulator

Abstract

The present invention provides an anti-icing, self-detaching shed structure and a transmission line insulator. The shed comprises a main shed bearing layer, several sets of deformable functional layers circumferentially distributed and mounted on the upper end surface of the main shed bearing layer, and a hydrophobic layer coated on top of the deformable functional layers. This invention utilizes an interface strengthening design and a multi-scale deicing mechanism to reduce the effects of low temperatures and deformation stress on interfacial bonding strength and durability, thereby extending the effective service life of the insulator. Furthermore, through micro- and macro-level synergy, deicing efficiency is improved, achieving self-detachment of the ice layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of insulator preparation, in particular to an anti-icing self-shedding shed structure and a transmission line insulator. Background Art

[0002] When transmission line insulators operate in heavily icing areas, the degradation of insulation performance caused by ice bridging between sheds is the main cause of icing flashover accidents. Traditional solutions are mainly divided into two categories: passive protection and active deicing, but both have significant technical limitations:

[0003] The micron-level rough surface structure adopted by Korean patent KR101234567B1 can reduce the contact area of ​​the ice layer, but the surface structure is easily filled with ice and becomes ineffective.

[0004] The resistance heating insulator developed under Canadian patent CA2804325A1 has an energy consumption of up to 3-5kW per piece and requires large-capacity power supply equipment, making it difficult to implement in mountainous power grids.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of insulator that has excellent durability, does not require external energy, and can shed ice by itself. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (1) Technical problems solved

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an anti-icing self-detaching shed structure and a transmission line insulator to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] (2) Technical solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an anti-icing self-shedding shed structure, the shed comprising a main shed bearing layer, a plurality of groups of deformable functional layers circumferentially distributed and installed on the upper end surface of the main shed bearing layer, and a hydrophobic layer coated on top of the deformable functional layer;

[0010] The deformation functional layer includes a polyurethane shape memory polymer outer layer with a plurality of groups of anti-ice ridges arranged at intervals on the upper end surface, an inner layer for heat insulation, and a memory alloy grid transition layer embedded in the outer layer and the inner layer matrix;

[0011] The glass transition temperature of the outer layer of the polyurethane shape memory polymer is Tg=0±5°C.

[0012] As a further preference, the main shed bearing layer is fixedly connected to the limiting platform on all sides, and a plurality of groups of sliding grooves are radially spaced apart on the upper end surface of the main shed bearing layer, and a ball is slidably connected in each group of sliding grooves.

[0013] As a further preference, the hydrophobic layer is a modified silane coating or a fluorine-modified nanoparticle coating with a thickness of 500-900 nm.

[0014] As a further preference, the anti-icing ridges have a height of 300-500 μm, an inclination angle of 45°±2°, and a width between two adjacent groups of anti-icing ridges of 0.8-1.2 mm.

[0015] As a further preference, the outer layer raw materials of the polyurethane shape memory polymer include, by mass fraction, 50-70wt% of polyol soft segment, 20-30wt% of isocyanate hard segment, 5-15wt% of chain extender, 1-5wt% of carbon nanotubes, 0.5-2wt% of copper sulfide and 0.5-2wt% of titanium oxide.

[0016] As further preferred, the polyol soft segment is one or more of polycaprolactone diol, polyethylene glycol, and polytetramethylene glycol, wherein the molecular weight of polycaprolactone diol is 2000-4000, the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 2000-4000, and the molecular weight of polytetramethylene glycol is 1000-2000.

[0017] As a further preference, the isocyanate hard segment is one or more of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate.

[0018] As a further preference, the memory alloy mesh material of the transition layer is NiTiCu alloy, the mesh size is 5 mm×5 mm in aperture, and the wire diameter is 0.3 mm.

[0019] As a further preference, the inner layer comprises polyurethane and n-octadecane / silicon dioxide core-shell structure microspheres, and the volume ratio of polyurethane to microspheres is 1:0.3-0.35.

[0020] A transmission line insulator comprises the above-mentioned anti-icing self-detaching shed structure, an epoxy glass fiber pull-out rod, and hardware for connecting the insulator string with a pole tower and a conductor.

[0021] (3) Beneficial effects

[0022] The present invention provides an anti-icing self-detaching shed structure and a transmission line insulator, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention provides a plurality of chute groups circumferentially on the upper end surface of the main shed bearing layer. When the deformation function is deformed, the balls are pushed to slide upward along the chute, thereby forming a mechanical interlock, improving the interface bonding strength between the deformation function layer and the main shed bearing layer, reducing the effects of low temperature and deformation stress on the interface bonding strength and durability, and extending the effective service life of the insulator.

[0024] Moreover, a multi-scale de-icing mechanism is formed by combining the composite structure of polyurethane shape memory polymer and memory alloy grid. At the micro level, the polyurethane shape memory polymer concentrates stress in local micro-areas, destroying the adhesion between the ice layer and the umbrella skirt surface. At the macro level, the memory alloy mesh exerts an overall peeling force on the ice layer through the grid structure. The two work together to improve the de-icing efficiency and realize the self-detachment of the ice layer. This design avoids the damage to the insulator material caused by traditional mechanical de-icing methods and overcomes the problem of insufficient durability of passive anti-icing coatings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an anti-icing self-detaching shed structure and a transmission line insulator structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the anti-icing self-shedding shed skirt of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A is an enlarged structural diagram;

[0029] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point B.

[0030] In the figure: 1 shed, 11 hydrophobic layer, 12 deformation functional layer, 12-1 anti-icing ridge, 13 main shed bearing layer, 13-1 limit platform, 13-2 slide, 13-3 ball, 2 insulator, 3 pull-out rod, 4 hardware. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0032] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different structures of the present invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and / or reference letters in different examples. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0033] On one hand, the present invention provides an anti-icing self-shedding shed structure, the shed 1 comprising a main shed bearing layer 13 , several groups of deformation functional layers 12 and several groups of hydrophobic layers 11 .

[0034] See also Figure 2-4 Several groups of deformation functional layers 12 are arranged circumferentially on the upper end surface of the main shed bearing layer 13 to cover the upper end surface of the main shed bearing layer 13. Each group of deformation functional layers 12 is fixedly connected to a hydrophobic layer 11 on the side facing away from the main shed bearing layer 13.

[0035] Specifically, the main shed load-bearing layer 13 is fixedly connected to the limiting platform 13-1 on all sides, and a plurality of groups of slide grooves 13-2 are radially spaced apart on the upper end surface of the main shed load-bearing layer 13. A ball 13-3 is slidably connected in each group of slide grooves 13-2. A plurality of groups of anti-icing ridges 12-1 are spaced apart on the upper end surface of the deformation functional layer 12. The anti-icing ridges 12-1 protrude upward to promote the cracking of the ice layer.

[0036] It should be noted that the top of the limiting platform 13 - 1 is 0.05 to 0.1 mm higher than the upper end surface of the deformable functional layer 12 , so as to limit the deformation of the deformable functional layer 12 .

[0037] It should also be noted that the ball 13 - 3 is a zirconia ball with a diameter of 3 mm, the slide groove 13 - 2 has a depth of 2.3 to 2.5 mm, and the width and length are adapted to the ball.

[0038] It should be added that the hydrophobic layer 11 is a super-hydrophobic layer, specifically a modified silane coating model ZF-T08 or a fluorine-modified nanoparticle coating model XN-204B, with a thickness of 500-900nm. The low surface energy and high contact angle of the hydrophobic layer 11 greatly reduce the adhesion of ice; the main umbrella skirt bearing layer 13 is made of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin, which serves as the main bearing structure of the entire umbrella skirt structure. It is fixedly connected to the insulator string through hardware, and the insulator is installed on the outside of the hardware.

[0039] The deformation functional layer 12 is the main functional layer of the entire umbrella skirt, including a polyurethane shape memory polymer outer layer with several groups of anti-icing ridges 12-1 arranged at intervals on the upper end surface, an inner layer for heat insulation, and a memory alloy grid transition layer embedded in the outer layer and the inner layer matrix.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, the outer layer raw material of the polyurethane shape memory polymer includes, by mass fraction, 50-70 wt% of a polyol soft segment, 20-30 wt% of an isocyanate hard segment, 5-15 wt% of a chain extender, 1-5 wt% of carbon nanotubes, 0.5-2 wt% of copper sulfide, and 0.5-2 wt% of titanium oxide.

[0041] Wherein: the polyol soft segment is one or more of polycaprolactone diol (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), wherein the molecular weight of PCL is 2000-4000, the molecular weight of PEG is 2000-4000, and the molecular weight of PTMEG is 1000-2000. The polyol soft segment determines the shape memory temperature of the outer layer. In this embodiment, the outer layer of the polyurethane shape memory polymer has a glass transition temperature Tg = 0±5°C, providing reversible phase deformation capability.

[0042] The isocyanate hard segment is one or more of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), which forms a physical cross-linking network and provides a driving force for shape recovery.

[0043] The chain extender is one or more of ethylene glycol, boric acid, and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, which promotes cross-linking of the components.

[0044] Carbon nanotubes improve the thermal conductivity of materials; copper sulfide (CuS) and titanium nitride (TiN) improve the photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0045] Furthermore, the anti-icing ridges 12-1 are 300-500μm high, with an inclination angle of 45°±2°, and the width between two adjacent groups of anti-icing ridges 12-1 is 0.8-1.2mm. When the polyurethane shape memory polymer outer layer is heated above its Tg, its isocyanate hard segments store elastic potential energy during deformation, while the polyol soft segments provide reversible deformation capability through a crystallization-melting transition. When triggered by heating, the isocyanate hard segments release stress up to 25MPa, pushing the anti-icing ridges 12-1 upward, generating shear stress and directly destroying the ice layer's adhesion. After the thermal stimulation is removed and the layer cools to below its Tg, the polyol soft segments resolidify and the microstructure returns to its initial form.

[0046] In this embodiment of the present invention, the transition layer's memory alloy mesh is made of a NiTiCu alloy, with a mesh size of 5 mm x 5 mm and a wire diameter of 0.3 mm. A 50 nm thin film of silicon dioxide is deposited to enhance the insulation of the alloy mesh. Upon heating, the memory alloy mesh reverts to its austenitic shape, providing a recovery stress of up to 500 MPa. This mesh structure exerts a holistic peeling force on the ice layer.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, the inner layer comprises polyurethane and expanded microspheres accounting for 30-35 vol% of the polyurethane. The expanded microspheres are of an n-octadecane / silicon dioxide core-shell structure, with a particle size of 10-50 μm and a phase transition point of -5±1°C.

[0048] Specifically, at low temperatures, the expanded microspheres freeze, causing their volume to expand, pushing the memory alloy grid to deform. The deformation force acts on the ball 13-3 through the inner layer, pushing the ball 13-3 to move along the slide groove 13-2 toward the top of the cone, forming a mechanical interlock, thereby improving the bonding strength between the deformation functional layer 12 and the main umbrella skirt bearing layer 13.

[0049] It should be added that the outer layer of the polyurethane shape memory polymer is synthesized by a one-step method. The polyol soft segment and the isocyanate hard segment are mixed in corresponding mass fractions, reacted at 70°C for 1 hour under nitrogen protection, and chain extender, carbon nanotubes, copper sulfide and titanium oxide are added. The reaction is continued for 2 hours, poured into a mold, and cured at 80°C for 6 hours.

[0050] Among them, ridge-shaped grooves are arranged at intervals on the inner wall of the mold, and the number and spacing of the grooves correspond one-to-one to the anti-icing ridges 12-1.

[0051] The grid was formed by laser cutting NiTiCu sheets, which were annealed at 500 °C to eliminate internal stress, and SiO2 was deposited by ALD with a thickness of 50 nm to ensure uniformity.

[0052] Mix polyurethane and expanded microspheres (30-35 vol%), and then perform compression molding at a temperature of 120-150°C and a pressure of 10-15 MPa. The polyurethane is a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a Wanhua WHT series.

[0053] The outer layer (not fully cured), NiTiCu grid and inner layer are stacked in sequence on the upper end surface of the main shed bearing layer 13, and vacuum hot pressed at a temperature of 80°C and a pressure of 10 MPa for 30 minutes for secondary curing. After curing, the hydrophobic layer 11 is sprayed on the outside of the deformation functional layer 12 to obtain a self-shedding shed structure.

[0054] It should be noted that hot pressing causes the NiTiCu mesh to be embedded in the interface area between the outer layer and the inner layer, and a transition zone is formed due to the hot pressing treatment. The NiTiCu mesh serves as the skeleton of the deformation functional layer 12 to support and control the contraction of the entire deformation functional layer 12, that is, the heating expansion of the outer layer or the low-temperature expansion of the inner layer can drive the deformation of the NiTiCu mesh.

[0055] It should also be added that the expanded microspheres are prepared by the sol-gel method, and the specific steps include:

[0056] The n-octadecane is emulsified and dispersed in the aqueous phase, and a silicate precursor such as TEOS is added to form a SiO2 shell on the surface of the n-octadecane oil droplet through a hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction.

[0057] Among them: system pH 5-6, solid content 15%-20%, gel temperature 60-80℃, stirring speed 300-500 rpm.

[0058] On the other hand, this embodiment further provides a transmission line insulator, the insulator 2, which is characterized by adopting the above-mentioned umbrella skirt structure and further comprising an epoxy glass fiber pull-out rod 3 and hardware 4 for connecting the insulator string to the pole tower and the conductor.

[0059] In order to further understand the present invention, the anti-icing self-shedding shed structure provided by the present invention is described below in conjunction with embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

[0060] Experimental Example 1

[0061] Preparation of expanded microspheres:

[0062] 15 g of n-octadecane and 100 ml of deionized water were added to a reactor and stirred at 300 rpm to emulsify and disperse them. 40 g of silicate precursor TEOS was added and the system pH was maintained at 6 and the temperature was maintained at 60°C. A SiO2 shell layer was formed on the surface of the n-octadecane oil droplets through a hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction to prepare n-octadecane@silica expanded microspheres.

[0063] Experimental Example 2

[0064] Polycaprolactone diol and diphenylmethane diisocyanate were mixed in mass fractions of 50wt% and 30wt%, respectively, and reacted at 70°C for 1 hour under nitrogen protection. 13wt% ethylene glycol, 5wt% carbon nanotubes, 1wt% copper sulfide and 1wt% titanium oxide were added, and the reaction was continued for 2 hours. The mixture was poured into a mold and cured at 80°C for 6 hours to obtain the outer layer.

[0065] The NiTiCu sheet was laser cut to form a grid, which was annealed at 500℃ to eliminate internal stress. ALD was used to deposit SiO2 with a thickness of 50nm to ensure uniformity, thus obtaining a memory alloy grid.

[0066] Thermoplastic polyurethane and expanded microspheres accounting for 30 vol% of the volume of the thermoplastic polyurethane are mixed, and the mixture is compression molded at a temperature of 120° C. and a pressure of 10 MPa to obtain an inner layer.

[0067] The outer layer (not fully cured), the memory alloy grid and the inner layer are stacked in sequence on the upper end surface of the main shed load-bearing layer. The temperature is 80°C, the pressure is 10 MPa, and the vacuum hot pressing is carried out for 30 minutes for secondary curing. After curing, a 500nm hydrophobic layer modified silane coating is sprayed on the outside of the deformation functional layer to obtain a self-shedding shed structure.

[0068] Experimental Example 3

[0069] Polyethylene glycol and diphenylmethane diisocyanate were mixed in mass fractions of 55wt% and 30wt%, respectively, and reacted at 70°C for 1 hour under nitrogen protection. 8.5wt% boric acid, 5wt% carbon nanotubes, 0.5wt% copper sulfide and 1wt% titanium oxide were added, and the reaction was continued for 2 hours. The mixture was poured into a mold and cured at 80°C for 6 hours to obtain the outer layer.

[0070] The NiTiCu sheet was laser cut to form a grid, which was annealed at 500℃ to eliminate internal stress. ALD was used to deposit SiO2 with a thickness of 50nm to ensure uniformity, thus obtaining a memory alloy grid.

[0071] Thermoplastic polyurethane and expanded microspheres accounting for 35 vol% of the volume of the thermoplastic polyurethane are mixed, and the mixture is compression molded at a temperature of 120° C. and a pressure of 10 MPa to obtain an inner layer.

[0072] The outer layer (not fully solidified), the memory alloy grid and the inner layer are stacked in sequence on the upper end surface of the main shed load-bearing layer. The temperature is 80°C, the pressure is 10 MPa, and the vacuum hot pressing is carried out for 30 minutes, and then secondary curing is carried out. After curing, a 600nm hydrophobic layer fluorine-modified nanoparticle coating is sprayed on the outside of the deformation functional layer to obtain a self-shedding shed structure.

[0073] Experimental Example 4

[0074] Polytetramethylene glycol and diphenylmethane diisocyanate were mixed in mass fractions of 60 wt% and 20 wt%, respectively, and reacted at 70 ° C for 1 hour under nitrogen protection. 15 wt% 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, 4 wt% carbon nanotubes, 0.5 wt% copper sulfide and 0.5 wt% titanium oxide were added and the reaction was continued for 2 hours. The mixture was poured into a mold and cured at 80 ° C for 6 hours to obtain an outer layer.

[0075] The NiTiCu sheet was laser cut to form a grid, which was annealed at 500℃ to eliminate internal stress. ALD was used to deposit SiO2 with a thickness of 50nm to ensure uniformity, thus obtaining a memory alloy grid.

[0076] Thermoplastic polyurethane and expanded microspheres accounting for 35 vol% of the volume of the thermoplastic polyurethane are mixed, and the mixture is compression molded at a temperature of 120° C. and a pressure of 10 MPa to obtain an inner layer.

[0077] The outer layer (not fully solidified), the memory alloy grid and the inner layer are stacked in sequence on the upper end surface of the main shed load-bearing layer. The temperature is 80°C, the pressure is 10 MPa, and the vacuum hot pressing is carried out for 30 minutes, and then secondary curing is carried out. After curing, a 600nm hydrophobic layer fluorine-modified nanoparticle coating is sprayed on the outside of the deformation functional layer to obtain a self-shedding shed structure.

[0078] Comparative Example 1

[0079] The insulator with super-hydrophobic layer is available on the market, the manufacturer is Dalian Insulator, model U210B / 170H.

[0080] Test example:

[0081] According to the test standard GB / T 20142-2006, the self-shedding shed structures prepared in Experimental Examples 2-4 and the comparative insulator were tested for ice adhesion strength using a universal material testing machine equipped with a dedicated freezing fixture. The test results are recorded in Table 1.

[0082] The self-shedding shed structures prepared in Experimental Examples 2-4 and the comparative insulator were tested for automatic deicing efficiency according to the test standard DL / T 1247-2013. The test results are recorded in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1 Statistics of ice layer adhesion strength and automatic ice removal efficiency of experimental examples and comparative examples.

[0084]

[0085] In summary, the present invention provides an anti-icing self-shedding umbrella skirt structure and a transmission line insulator. The hydrophobic layer 11 with low surface energy and high contact angle enhances the bouncing of water droplets, reduces the adhesion of water droplets, and prolongs the time for ice formation. As time goes by, an ice layer is gradually formed on the surface of the hydrophobic layer 11. The raised anti-icing ridges 12-1 generate shear force on the ice layer. At the same time, at low temperatures, the expanded microspheres freeze and cause volume expansion, pushing the memory alloy grid to deform. The deformation force enhances the shearing effect of the anti-icing ridges 12-1, causing the ice layer to crack. The broken ice layer is removed by gravity and wind. When the ice cracks generated by the anti-icing ridges 12-1 cannot cause the ice layer to fall off by itself, the ice layer accumulates on the upper end surface of the hydrophobic layer 11, and the copper sulfide and titanium nitride carbon in the deformation functional layer 12 convert solar energy into heat energy. The polyurethane shape memory polymer is micro-deformed through the photothermal effect. The height of the anti-icing ridges 12-1 increases, generating shear stress, which directly destroys the adhesion of the ice layer. When the temperature rises, the memory alloy grid recovers the austenite phase shape, and the ice layer is peeled off as a whole through the grid structure. The expanded microspheres distributed in the inner layer improve the thermal insulation of the inner layer due to their unique core-shell structure, and reduce the heat loss caused by light and heat. At low temperatures, the expansion caused by the freezing of the expanded microspheres pushes the deformation of the memory alloy grid, and acts on the ball 13-3 through the inner layer, pushing the ball 13-3 to move along the slide groove 13-2 toward the top of the cone surface, forming a mechanical interlock, thereby improving the bonding strength between the deformation functional layer 12 and the main shed bearing layer 13, and avoiding the peeling of the bonding surface between the deformation functional layer 12 and the main shed bearing layer 13 due to the low temperature environment. Moreover, during deicing, the outer layer and the memory alloy grid expand and deform, and also form a mechanical interlock through the ball 13-3 and the slide groove 13-2, thereby improving the interface bonding strength between the deformation functional layer 12 and the main shed bearing layer 13 during the deicing process, so that the insulator has reliable insulation performance.

[0086] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An anti-icing self-shedding shed structure, shed (1), characterized in that: It comprises a main shed load-bearing layer (13), a plurality of groups of deformable functional layers (12) circumferentially distributed and installed on the upper end surface of the main shed load-bearing layer (13), and a hydrophobic layer (11) coated on the side of the deformable functional layer (12) facing away from the main shed load-bearing layer (13); The deformation functional layer (12) comprises a polyurethane shape memory polymer outer layer having a plurality of groups of anti-icing ridges (12-1) arranged at intervals on the upper end surface, an inner layer for heat insulation, and a memory alloy grid transition layer embedded in the outer layer and the inner layer matrix; The raw materials of the outer layer of the polyurethane shape memory polymer include carbon nanotubes, copper sulfide and titanium oxide, and the glass transition temperature Tg of the outer layer of the polyurethane shape memory polymer is 0±5°C.

2. The anti-icing self-shedding shed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shed load-bearing layer (13) is fixedly connected to a limiting platform (13-1) on all sides, and a plurality of groups of sliding grooves (13-2) are radially spaced apart on the upper end surface of the main shed load-bearing layer (13), and a ball (13-3) is slidably connected in each group of the sliding grooves (13-2).

3. The anti-icing self-shedding shed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophobic layer (11) is a modified silane coating or a fluorine-modified nanoparticle coating with a thickness of 500-900 nm.

4. The anti-icing self-shedding shed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-icing ridges (12-1) have a ridge height of 300-500 μm, an inclination angle of 45±2°, and a spacing width between two adjacent groups of anti-icing ridges (12-1) of 0.8-1.2 mm.

5. The anti-icing self-shedding shed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layer raw materials of the polyurethane shape memory polymer include, by mass fraction, 50-70 wt% of a polyol soft segment, 20-30 wt% of an isocyanate hard segment, 5-15 wt% of a chain extender, 1-5 wt% of carbon nanotubes, 0.5-2 wt% of copper sulfide, and 0.5-2 wt% of titanium oxide.

6. The anti-icing self-shedding shed structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The polyol soft segment is one or more of polycaprolactone diol, polyethylene glycol, and polytetramethylene glycol, wherein the molecular weight of polycaprolactone diol is 2000-4000, the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 2000-4000, and the molecular weight of polytetramethylene glycol is 1000-2000.

7. The anti-icing self-shedding shed structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The isocyanate hard segment is one or more of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate.

8. The anti-icing self-shedding shed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The memory alloy mesh material of the transition layer is NiTiCu alloy, the mesh size is 5mm×5mm in aperture, and the wire diameter is 0.3mm.

9. The anti-icing self-shedding shed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner layer comprises polyurethane and n-octadecane / silicon dioxide core-shell structure microspheres, and the volume ratio of the polyurethane to the microspheres is 1:0.3-0.

35.

10. A transmission line insulator, characterized in that: The anti-icing self-detaching shed structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 further comprises an epoxy glass fiber pull-out rod (3) and hardware (4) for connecting the insulator string to the pole tower and the conductor.

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