Vapor chamber structure with pressure isolation and directional drainage functions

Abstract

The invention relates to a vapor chamber structure with pressure isolation and directional drainage functions, the vapor chamber structure comprises a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a capillary core body and a pressure-drainage composite layer, the inner surface of the second cover plate is provided with a support assembly, and the capillary core body is arranged between the two cover plates; the pressure-drainage composite layer is located between the capillary core body and the second cover plate and comprises pressure isolation areas and directional drainage areas which are distributed alternately. The supporting assembly is connected with the second cover plate and the pressure-drainage composite layer to form a steam diffusion cavity; the pressure isolation area is of a rigid supporting structure and is used for bearing the pressure of the steam cavity and blocking the pressure of the steam cavity from being transmitted to a working medium in the capillary core body. The directional drainage area is a flow guide channel network, the condensation working medium on the surface of the pressure-drainage composite layer is accelerated to flow back to the capillary core through the flow guide channel network, and the directional drainage area and the pressure isolation area cooperatively control the working medium circulation path. According to the vapor chamber structure, through the collaborative design of the pressure isolation area and the directional drainage area in the pressure-drainage composite layer, dynamic matching of steam cavity pressure isolation and working medium directional drainage is achieved, and the heat dissipation efficiency and the structural stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of heat dissipation of electronic equipment, and in particular to a temperature homogenizing plate structure for heat dissipation of high-power electronic devices, in particular to a thin temperature homogenizing plate that achieves pressure isolation and directional drainage of working fluid through a pressure-drainage composite layer. Background Art

[0002] As the power density of electronic devices increases, heat dissipation becomes increasingly prominent. Traditional vapor chambers use capillary structures to absorb working fluids and utilize phase change heat transfer to dissipate heat. However, under high-load conditions, the following problems arise: The working fluid liquid surface in the capillary is deformed under pressure: the working fluid in the capillary core is interrupted in continuity due to the pressure transmission of the steam cavity, and the lack of an independent drainage structure accelerates the reflux of the condensed working fluid.

[0003] Low working fluid reflux efficiency: The working fluid relies on passive diffusion to return to the heating area, and the path is unclear, which can easily cause working fluid reflux lag and local overheating.

[0004] Insufficient structural stability: The single support column design cannot optimize the working fluid flow path, resulting in uneven temperature distribution.

[0005] In existing vapor chamber designs, steam chamber pressure directly acts on the capillary structure, interrupting the flow of the working fluid. Furthermore, the working fluid's return flow relies on passive diffusion and lacks a directional drainage mechanism. A solution that can simultaneously isolate pressure and actively guide the return flow of the working fluid is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a temperature equalizing plate structure, which realizes the dynamic matching of steam cavity pressure isolation and working medium directional drainage through the coordinated design of the pressure isolation area and the directional drainage area in the pressure-drainage composite layer, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency and structural stability.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A temperature equalizing plate structure with pressure isolation and directional drainage functions, comprising a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a capillary core and a pressure-drainage composite layer, wherein the first cover plate is configured to contact a heating device; the second cover plate is arranged opposite to the first cover plate, and a support component is provided on its inner surface; the capillary core is arranged between the two cover plates for adsorbing and transporting a working fluid; the pressure-drainage composite layer is located between the capillary core and the second cover plate, and comprises alternatingly distributed pressure isolation areas and directional drainage areas; wherein the support component connects the second cover plate and the pressure-drainage composite layer to form a steam diffusion cavity; the pressure isolation area is a rigid support structure for bearing the steam cavity pressure and blocking its transmission to the working fluid in the capillary core; the directional drainage area is a diversion channel network, which accelerates the condensed working fluid on the surface of the pressure-drainage composite layer to flow back to the capillary core through the diversion channel network, and cooperates with the pressure isolation area to control the working fluid circulation path.

[0008] Through the functional division of the pressure isolation zone and the directional drainage zone, this structure achieves active isolation of the steam chamber pressure and precise control of the working fluid circulation path. The rigid support structure of the pressure isolation zone effectively disperses the high pressure of the steam chamber, preventing the vapor phase pressure from disrupting the continuity of the liquid working fluid within the capillary core, thereby maintaining the long-term stability of the vapor chamber. The network of diversion channels in the directional drainage zone accelerates the return of condensed working fluid to the adsorption end of the hot zone of the capillary core through the synergistic effect of capillary force and pressure difference, significantly improving the working fluid return efficiency. The synergistic effect of the two solves the problem of balancing working fluid circulation efficiency and pressure stability in traditional vapor chambers. For example, under high temperature and high load conditions, the pressure isolation zone prevents the steam chamber pressure from impacting the working fluid within the capillary core, while the directional drainage zone ensures rapid working fluid return by optimizing the diversion path, avoiding local overheating caused by delayed working fluid return. In addition, the alternating distribution design of the pressure-drainage composite layer makes the pressure distribution within the vapor diffusion chamber more uniform, further reducing thermal resistance and improving overall heat dissipation performance.

[0009] Preferably, the shape of the pressure isolation zone is plate-shaped, honeycomb-shaped, radial-shaped or wavy-shaped, and the directional drainage area is distributed along the gap of the pressure isolation zone to form a continuous working medium reflux channel.

[0010] The plate-like, honeycomb-like, radial, or wavy designs of the pressure isolation zone significantly enhance the structure's compressive strength through geometric optimization. For example, the honeycomb structure, through its multi-hole arrangement, forms a high-strength support framework that evenly distributes pressure within the steam chamber and avoids localized stress concentrations. The radial structure, with ribs extending outward from the center, provides rigid support while also creating a flow-guiding gap, allowing the directional flow zone to naturally extend along the gap, forming a continuous flow path for the working fluid. The wavy structure further reduces flow resistance through curved transitions, while increasing the contact area between the pressure isolation zone and the working fluid, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. The layout of the directional flow zone along the gaps in the pressure isolation zone not only fully utilizes the spatial resources of the structural gap but also reduces energy loss during the working fluid return process through path optimization. For example, in a radial pressure isolation zone, the flow channel of the directional flow zone can extend radially along the rib gaps, allowing the working fluid to quickly return from the edge of the steam diffusion chamber to the center of the capillary wick, achieving symmetry and efficiency in the working fluid circulation path.

[0011] Preferably, the support assembly is a solid guide column or a hollow guide column, and the inner wall of the hollow guide column is provided with a spiral guide groove for guiding the steam to diffuse along a preset swirl direction.

[0012] The design of the hollow guide column reduces the structural weight through the internal cavity, while providing an additional channel for the flow of the working fluid, avoiding the obstruction of the working fluid diffusion by traditional solid support columns. The spiral guide grooves on the inner wall guide the working fluid to flow in a preset direction through the swirl effect. For example, clockwise or counterclockwise swirl can increase the residence time of the working fluid in the cavity and improve the heat exchange efficiency. The geometric design of the spiral grooves can also generate centrifugal force during the flow of the working fluid, causing the condensed liquid droplets to move to the periphery of the cavity, and then quickly return through the directional drainage area, reducing the residual working fluid in the steam diffusion cavity. In addition, the spiral structure of the hollow guide column enhances the directionality of the working fluid flow, avoids local pressure fluctuations caused by disordered diffusion, and thus improves the temperature uniformity of the heat spreader. For example, under high-power conditions of the heating device, the spiral guide grooves can evenly disperse the high-temperature steam throughout the steam diffusion cavity and accelerate the separation and return of the working fluid through the centrifugal effect.

[0013] Preferably, the vapor diffusion chamber is divided into a plurality of sub-chambers, each sub-chamber corresponding to a pressure isolation area and a directional drainage area.

[0014] By dividing the steam diffusion chamber into multiple sub-chambers, this structure realizes the regulation of local pressure and working fluid circulation. The pressure isolation area and directional drainage area corresponding to each sub-chamber can dynamically adjust the working fluid flow path according to the local heat load. For example, in the hot spot area of the heating device, the corresponding sub-chamber can enhance the pressure resistance through the pressure isolation area, while the directional drainage area increases the density of the diversion channel to accelerate the reflux of the working fluid; while in the low temperature area, the sub-chamber can reduce the density of the diversion channel to reduce energy loss. The connection design between the sub-chambers achieves a global balance of the working fluid through the channels in the directional drainage area, avoiding heat dissipation failure caused by insufficient local working fluid. In addition, the separation design of the sub-chambers can also limit the diffusion range of the working fluid and reduce the length of the flow path, thereby reducing thermal resistance and improving the heat dissipation response speed.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure-drainage composite layer and the capillary core are fixed by a mortise and tenon structure or laser welding, and the directional drainage area is connected to the interior of the capillary core through a micron-sized groove.

[0016] The fixing method of mortise and tenon structure or laser welding ensures the close connection between the pressure-drainage composite layer and the capillary core, avoiding interface peeling caused by differences in thermal expansion coefficients. For example, the mortise and tenon structure achieves mechanical locking through concave and convex matching, and can still maintain structural stability in a high-temperature environment; laser welding achieves seamless connection through local high-temperature melting, while avoiding damage to the porous structure of the capillary core. The directional drainage area is connected to the interior of the capillary core through micron-scale grooves, and the capillary effect is used to enhance the adsorption capacity of the working fluid. For example, the micron-scale grooves quickly absorb the working fluid from the directional drainage area into the interior of the capillary core through surface tension, avoiding the accumulation of the working fluid at the interface. In addition, the distribution density and direction of the micron-scale grooves can match the porous structure of the capillary core to form a coherent working fluid transport network, further improving the circulation efficiency.

[0017] Preferably, the capillary core comprises a multi-stage branched capillary network, and the network is close to the diversion inlet of the directional diversion area.

[0018] The multi-level branch capillary network significantly increases the adsorption surface area of the working fluid through a hierarchical structure, improving the efficiency of capillary action. The multi-level branch pipe network transports the working fluid from the condensation zone to the heating zone. The design of the pipe network close to the diversion inlet of the directional drainage zone achieves a seamless connection between the capillary core and the pressure-drainage composite layer, further optimizing the working fluid flow path, reducing the working fluid flow resistance and avoiding energy loss during the backflow process. In addition, the multi-level branch design can also dynamically adjust the working fluid delivery path according to the heat load distribution. For example, in high-temperature areas, the branch density is increased to enhance heat dissipation capacity, and in low-temperature areas, the branch density is reduced to reduce flow resistance.

[0019] Preferably, the pressure-drainage composite layer includes a metal matrix and a surface hydrophobic treatment layer, and the hydrophobic treatment layer covers the surface of the directional drainage area to reduce the flow resistance of the working medium.

[0020] The metal matrix provides stable support for the pressure-drainage composite layer through its high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. For example, a copper or aluminum alloy matrix can quickly conduct heat and resist the pressure shock of the steam chamber. The surface hydrophobic treatment layer reduces the flow resistance and accelerates the reflux of the working fluid by reducing the adhesion of the working fluid in the directional drainage area. For example, the hydrophobic coating can cause the working fluid to form a droplet rolling effect on the surface of the directional drainage area instead of forming a liquid film, thereby reducing flow energy loss. In addition, the selective covering design of the hydrophobic treatment layer (covering only the directional drainage area) can avoid affecting the pressure resistance of the pressure isolation area. For example, the pressure isolation area maintains the original surface characteristics of the metal matrix to enhance structural rigidity, while the directional drainage area improves the diversion efficiency through hydrophobic treatment.

[0021] Preferably, the edges of the first cover plate and the second cover plate are sealed by step-type laser welding, and the welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure isolation area and the directional drainage area.

[0022] Stepped laser welding achieves a high-strength, airtight seal through multi-layer fusion connection, avoiding the cracks or porosity that may be generated by traditional welding methods. For example, the layer-by-layer stacking structure of step welding can disperse thermal stress and prevent fatigue failure in the weld area due to temperature changes. The welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure-drainage composite layer, ensuring that the structural integrity of the pressure isolation area and the directional drainage area is not affected by welding heat. For example, during the welding process, the laser energy is concentrated on the non-functional area at the edge of the cover plate, avoiding high temperature damage to the microstructure of the pressure-drainage composite layer. In addition, the smooth transition design of step welding can also reduce the thickness mutation at the edge of the cover plate, thereby reducing the risk of stress concentration and extending the service life of the heat dissipation plate.

[0023] Preferably, the support components are arranged in a matrix, spiral or radial shape on the inner surface of the second cover plate to form an accelerated diffusion path for the working medium, and the distribution density of the support components is associated with the distribution density of the directional drainage area.

[0024] Support components arranged in a matrix, spiral, or radial pattern optimize the working fluid diffusion path through geometric layout. For example, the spiral arrangement forms a vortex-shaped guide channel, which uses the centrifugal effect to accelerate the diffusion of the working fluid to the periphery of the cavity; the radial arrangement evenly disperses the working fluid throughout the cavity through radial guide paths. The design of the accelerated diffusion path of the working fluid shortens the flow time of the working fluid from the heating area to the condensation area, thereby improving the heat dissipation response speed. The associated design of the path density and the distribution density of the directional drainage area achieves a dynamic balance between the diffusion of the working fluid and the reflux of the working fluid. For example, in the high-density support component area, the directional drainage area increases the number of guide channels to match the working fluid flow rate, avoiding local overheating caused by the lag of the working fluid reflux. In addition, the dynamic adjustment of the path density can also adaptively optimize the heat dissipation performance according to the workload. For example, under high-load conditions, the support component density is increased to enhance the working fluid diffusion efficiency, while improving the diversion capacity of the directional drainage area.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are: The heat absorbing plate structure of the present invention achieves dual functional and structural synergy between the pressure isolation zone and the directional drainage zone: Reuse of pressure-resistant and drainage space: The rigid frame of the pressure isolation zone also serves as the guide track of the directional drainage zone, reducing structural redundancy; Functional decoupling design: The pressure isolation area focuses on steam chamber pressure bearing, while the directional drainage area independently performs surface fluid drainage. The two are structurally integrated to avoid functional interference and improve reliability. Heat load adaptation: In local overheating areas, the high-strength support of the pressure isolation zone and the high-density channels of the directional drainage zone are simultaneously enhanced to achieve dynamic optimization of heat dissipation performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of a heat spreader structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the vapor chamber structure from another perspective according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a pressure-drainage composite layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 2 is a cross-sectional view of a temperature vapor chamber structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Explanation of the reference numerals: first cover plate-1, second cover plate-2, support assembly-21, capillary core-3, pressure-drainage composite layer-4, pressure isolation area-41, directional drainage area-42, metal base-43, surface hydrophobic treatment layer-44, vapor diffusion chamber-5, sub-chamber-51. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent figures. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or is the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use, or is the orientation or position relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0035] It should be noted that, unless there is any conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0036] The technical solution in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] This embodiment discloses a temperature equalizing plate structure with pressure isolation and directional drainage functions, including a first cover plate 1, a second cover plate 2, a capillary core 3 and a pressure-drainage composite layer 4, wherein the first cover plate 1 is configured to contact a heating device; the second cover plate 2 is arranged opposite to the first cover plate 1, and a support component 21 is provided on its inner surface; the capillary core 3 is arranged between the two cover plates for adsorbing and transporting a working medium; the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 is located between the capillary core 3 and the second cover plate 2, and comprises alternately distributed pressure isolation areas 41 and directional drainage areas 42; wherein the support component 21 connects the second cover plate 2 and the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 to form a vapor diffusion chamber 5; the pressure isolation areas 41 and the directional drainage areas 42 are alternately distributed in space and functionally coupled, the rigid support surface of the pressure isolation area 41 constitutes a three-dimensional pressure-resistant frame, and the diversion channel of the directional drainage area 42 is embedded in the gap of the frame, and the two cooperate to control the diffusion path of the working medium and the direction of the working medium return flow. The diversion channel of the directional diversion area 42 is directly embedded in the rigid frame gap of the pressure isolation area 41, and the simultaneous optimization of accelerated backflow and pressure resistance is achieved through spatial multiplexing.

[0038] Through the functional division of the pressure isolation zone 41 and the directional drainage zone 42, this structure realizes the active isolation of the steam chamber pressure and the precise control of the working fluid circulation path. The rigid support structure of the pressure isolation zone 41 can effectively disperse the high pressure of the steam chamber and block the destruction of the continuity of the liquid working fluid in the capillary core by the gas phase pressure of the steam chamber, thereby maintaining the long-term stability of the temperature equalization plate. The diversion channel network of the directional drainage zone 42 accelerates the reflux of the condensed working fluid to the adsorption end of the heating zone of the capillary core through the synergistic effect of capillary force and pressure difference, significantly improving the working fluid reflux efficiency. The synergistic effect of the two solves the problem of the difficulty in balancing the working fluid circulation efficiency and pressure stability in traditional temperature equalization plates. For example, under high temperature and high load conditions, the pressure isolation zone 41 can prevent the steam chamber pressure from impacting the working fluid in the capillary core, while the directional drainage zone 42 ensures the rapid reflux of the working fluid by optimizing the diversion path, avoiding local overheating caused by the lag in the reflux of the working fluid. In addition, the alternating distribution design of the pressure-guiding composite layer 4 makes the pressure distribution in the vapor diffusion chamber 5 more uniform, further reducing the thermal resistance and improving the overall heat dissipation performance.

[0039] In this embodiment, the pressure isolation zone 41 is plate-shaped; in other embodiments, it can be honeycomb, radial, or wavy. The directional drainage zone 42 is distributed along the gaps in the pressure isolation zone 41, forming a continuous working medium return channel. The rigid support surface of the pressure isolation zone 41 conforms to the diversion channel of the directional drainage zone 42. The wavy or honeycomb curved surface of the pressure isolation zone 41 aligns with the grooves of the directional drainage zone 42, forming an integrated pressure-drainage topology.

[0040] The plate-like, honeycomb-like, radial, or wavy design of the pressure isolation zone 41 significantly enhances the structure's compressive strength through geometric optimization. For example, the honeycomb structure, through its porous arrangement, forms a high-strength support framework that evenly distributes the pressure within the steam chamber and avoids localized stress concentration. The radial structure, with its ribs extending outward from the center, provides rigid support while also creating a flow-guiding gap, allowing the directional drainage zone 42 to naturally extend along the gap, forming a continuous flow path for the working fluid. The wavy structure further reduces the flow resistance of the working fluid through curved transitions, while also increasing the contact area between the pressure isolation zone 41 and the working fluid, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. The layout of the directional drainage zone 42 along the gaps in the pressure isolation zone 41 not only fully utilizes the spatial resources of the structural gaps, but also reduces energy loss during the working fluid return process through path optimization. For example, in the radial pressure isolation zone 41, the flow channel of the directional drainage zone 42 can extend radially along the rib gaps, allowing the working fluid to quickly return from the edge of the steam diffusion chamber 5 to the center of the capillary wick 3, achieving symmetry and efficiency in the working fluid circulation path.

[0041] In this embodiment, the support assembly 21 is a solid guide column, and in other embodiments it may be a hollow guide column, the inner wall of which is provided with a spiral guide groove for guiding the steam to diffuse along a preset swirl direction.

[0042] Solid guide columns are low in cost and can provide high-strength support with good structural stability. The design of the hollow guide column reduces the structural weight through the internal cavity, while providing an additional channel for the flow of the working fluid, avoiding the obstruction of the diffusion of the working fluid by the traditional solid support column. The spiral guide grooves on the inner wall guide the working fluid to flow in a preset direction through the swirl effect. For example, clockwise or counterclockwise swirl can increase the residence time of the working fluid in the cavity and improve the heat exchange efficiency. The geometric design of the spiral grooves can also generate centrifugal force during the flow of the working fluid, causing the condensed liquid droplets to move to the periphery of the cavity, and then quickly return through the directional drainage area 42, reducing the residual working fluid in the steam diffusion chamber 5. In addition, the spiral structure of the hollow guide column enhances the directionality of the working fluid flow, avoids local pressure fluctuations caused by disordered diffusion, and thus improves the temperature uniformity of the temperature plate. For example, under high-power conditions of the heating device, the spiral guide grooves can evenly disperse the high-temperature steam to the entire steam diffusion chamber 5, and accelerate the separation and return of the working fluid through the centrifugal effect.

[0043] In this embodiment, the vapor diffusion chamber 5 is divided into a plurality of sub-chambers 51 by a support assembly, and each sub-chamber 51 corresponds to a pressure isolation area 41 and a directional drainage area 42 .

[0044] By dividing the steam diffusion chamber 5 into multiple sub-chambers 51, this structure realizes the regulation of local pressure and working fluid circulation. The pressure isolation area 41 and the directional drainage area 42 corresponding to each sub-chamber 51 can dynamically adjust the working fluid flow path according to the local heat load. For example, in the hot spot area of the heating device, the corresponding sub-chamber 51 can enhance the pressure resistance through the pressure isolation area 41, while the directional drainage area 42 increases the density of the diversion channel to accelerate the reflux of the working fluid; while in the low temperature area, the sub-chamber 51 can reduce the density of the diversion channel to reduce energy loss. The connection design between the sub-chambers 51 achieves a global balance of the working fluid through the channels of the directional drainage area 42, avoiding heat dissipation failure caused by insufficient local working fluid. In addition, the separation design of the sub-chambers 51 can also limit the diffusion range of the working fluid, reduce the length of the flow path, thereby reducing thermal resistance and improving the heat dissipation response speed.

[0045] In this embodiment, the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 and the capillary core 3 are fixed by laser welding. In other embodiments, they can also be fixed by a mortise and tenon structure. The directional drainage area 42 can also be connected to the interior of the capillary core 3 through a micron-sized groove.

[0046] The fixing method of the mortise and tenon structure or laser welding ensures the tight connection between the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 and the capillary core 3, avoiding interface peeling caused by differences in thermal expansion coefficients. For example, the mortise and tenon structure achieves mechanical locking through concave-convex matching, and can still maintain structural stability in a high-temperature environment; laser welding achieves seamless connection through local high-temperature melting, while avoiding damage to the porous structure of the capillary core 3. The directional drainage area 42 is connected to the interior of the capillary core 3 through micron-scale grooves, and the capillary effect is used to enhance the adsorption capacity of the working fluid. For example, the micron-scale grooves quickly absorb the working fluid from the directional drainage area 42 into the interior of the capillary core 3 through the action of surface tension, avoiding the accumulation of the working fluid at the interface. In addition, the distribution density and direction of the micron-scale grooves can match the porous structure of the capillary core 3 to form a coherent working fluid transport network, further improving the circulation efficiency.

[0047] In this embodiment, the capillary core 3 comprises a multi-stage branch capillary network, and the network is close to the diversion inlet of the directional diversion area 42 .

[0048] The multi-level branch capillary network significantly increases the adsorption surface area of the working fluid through a hierarchical structure, improving the efficiency of capillary action. The multi-level branch pipe network transports the working fluid from the condensation zone to the heating zone. The design of the pipe network close to the diversion inlet of the directional drainage area 42 realizes a seamless connection between the capillary core 3 and the pressure-drainage composite layer 4, further optimizing the working fluid flow path, reducing the working fluid flow resistance and avoiding energy loss during the reflux process. In addition, the multi-level branch design can also dynamically adjust the working fluid delivery path according to the heat load distribution. For example, in the high-temperature area, the branch density is increased to enhance the heat dissipation capacity, and in the low-temperature area, the branch density is reduced to reduce the flow resistance.

[0049] In this embodiment, the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 includes a metal matrix 43 and a surface hydrophobic treatment layer 44 . The hydrophobic treatment layer covers the surface of the directional drainage area 42 to reduce the flow resistance of the working medium.

[0050] The metal matrix 43 provides stable support for the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 through high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. For example, the copper or aluminum alloy matrix can quickly conduct heat and resist the pressure shock of the steam chamber. The surface hydrophobic treatment layer 44 reduces the flow resistance and accelerates the reflux of the working fluid by reducing the adhesion of the working fluid in the directional drainage area 42. For example, the hydrophobic coating can cause the working fluid to form a droplet rolling effect on the surface of the directional drainage area 42 instead of forming a liquid film, thereby reducing flow energy loss. In addition, the selective covering design of the hydrophobic treatment layer 44 only covers the directional drainage area 42 to avoid affecting the pressure resistance of the pressure isolation area 41. For example, the pressure isolation area 41 maintains the original surface characteristics of the metal matrix 43 to enhance structural rigidity, while the directional drainage area 42 improves the diversion efficiency through hydrophobic treatment.

[0051] In other embodiments, the hydrophobic treatment layer 44 selectively covers the directional drainage area 42, and the pressure isolation area 41 maintains the hydrophilic surface of the metal substrate 43, and utilizes the difference in hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfacial tension to drive the condensed working fluid from the surface of the pressure isolation area to gather in the diversion channel of the directional drainage area.

[0052] In this embodiment, the edges of the first cover plate 1 and the second cover plate 2 are sealed by step-type laser welding, and the welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure isolation area 41 and the directional drainage area 42 .

[0053] Stepped laser welding achieves high-strength airtight sealing through multi-layer fusion connection, avoiding cracks or pores that may be generated by traditional welding methods. For example, the layer-by-layer superposition structure of step welding can disperse thermal stress and prevent fatigue failure in the welding area due to temperature changes. The welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 to ensure that the structural integrity of the pressure isolation area 41 and the directional drainage area 42 is not affected by welding heat. For example, during the welding process, the laser energy is concentrated on the non-functional area at the edge of the cover plate to avoid high temperature damage to the microstructure of the pressure-drainage composite layer 4. In addition, the smooth transition design of the step welding can also reduce the thickness mutation of the cover plate edge, thereby reducing the risk of stress concentration and extending the service life of the temperature equalizing plate.

[0054] In this embodiment, the support assemblies 21 are arranged in a matrix on the inner surface of the second cover plate 2. In other embodiments, they can also be arranged in a spiral or radial pattern to form a working medium accelerated diffusion path. The distribution density of the support assemblies is related to the distribution density of the directional drainage area 42.

[0055] The support components 21 arranged in a matrix, spiral or radial pattern optimize the diffusion path of the working fluid through geometric layout. For example, the spiral arrangement forms a vortex-shaped guide channel, which uses the centrifugal effect to accelerate the diffusion of the working fluid to the periphery of the cavity; the radial arrangement evenly disperses the working fluid throughout the cavity through the radial guide path. The design of the accelerated diffusion path of the working fluid shortens the flow time of the working fluid from the heating area to the condensation area, thereby improving the heat dissipation response speed. The associated design of the path density and the distribution density of the directional drainage area 42 achieves a dynamic balance between the diffusion of the working fluid and the reflux of the working fluid. For example, in the area of high-density support components 21, the directional drainage area 42 increases the number of guide channels to match the working fluid flow rate, avoiding local overheating caused by the lag of the working fluid reflux. In addition, the dynamic adjustment of the path density can also adaptively optimize the heat dissipation performance according to the workload. For example, under high-load conditions, the density of the support components 21 is increased to enhance the diffusion efficiency of the working fluid, while improving the guide capacity of the directional drainage area 42.

[0056] The heat spreader structure of this embodiment achieves dynamic matching between steam chamber pressure isolation and working medium directional drainage through the coordinated design of the pressure isolation area 41 and the directional drainage area 42 in the pressure-drainage composite layer 4, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency and structural stability. The synergistic effect is reflected in: Structural division of labor: The pressure isolation area 41 acts as a rigid support structure to disperse the pressure of the steam cavity and protect the capillary core 3; the directional drainage area 42 acts as a diversion channel network to transport the working medium; Functional linkage: The distribution position of the pressure isolation area 41 matches the diversion path space of the directional diversion area 42, so that the pressure distribution gradient of the steam cavity is coupled with the reflux direction of the working medium; Dynamic synergy: During the working fluid circulation, the pressure isolation area 41 suppresses the working fluid impact while the low-pressure area formed in the gap drives the working fluid in the directional drainage area 42 to accelerate the backflow, thereby achieving stage complementarity between the pressure resistance and drainage functions.

[0057] Collaborative workflow example: Diffusion stage: High-temperature steam swirls into the steam diffusion chamber 5 through the spiral guide grooves of the support assembly 21. The honeycomb support structure of the pressure isolation area 41 disperses the pressure in the steam chamber to prevent the capillary core 3 from being deformed by pressure. During the working medium reflux phase, the condensed working medium adheres to the surface of the pressure-drainage composite layer; the network of guide channels in the directional drainage area 42 accelerates the working medium to flow back to the capillary core 3 through capillary force; the pressure isolation area 41 maintains structural rigidity to prevent the reflux channel from being deformed by pressure; Dynamic matching mechanism: When the pressure in the steam chamber in the high-load area increases, the pressure isolation area 41 enhances the compressive strength. At the same time, the directional drainage area 42 automatically increases the diversion density through the rolling effect of the hydrophobic layer droplets, achieving adaptive matching of compressive resistance and drainage density.

[0058] Function of the pressure isolation zone: The steam cavity pressure acts on the rigid frame of the pressure isolation zone 41, such as the honeycomb ribs, which disperses the pressure through structural deformation, blocks the transmission of pressure to the liquid working medium in the capillary core 3, and avoids interruption of the working medium continuity.

[0059] Function of the directional drainage area: After the condensed working fluid forms a liquid film on the surface of the pressure-drainage composite layer, it flows back directly to the capillary core 3 through the open channels of the directional drainage area 42 under the action of capillary force. The distribution density of the open channels is positively correlated with the local heat load, achieving efficient drainage.

[0060] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A temperature distribution plate structure with pressure isolation and directional drainage functions, characterized in that: include: A first cover plate (1) configured to contact a heating device; A second cover plate (2) is arranged opposite to the first cover plate (1), and a support assembly (21) is provided on its inner surface; A capillary core (3) is provided between the two cover plates and is used for adsorbing and transporting the working medium; A pressure-drainage composite layer (4), located between the capillary core (3) and the second cover plate (2), comprising alternately distributed pressure isolation areas (41) and directional drainage areas (42); The support assembly (21) connects the second cover plate (2) and the pressure-drainage composite layer (4) to form a steam diffusion cavity (5); the pressure isolation zone (41) is a rigid support structure for bearing the pressure of the steam cavity and blocking its transmission to the working medium in the capillary core (3); the directional drainage zone (42) is a diversion channel network, which accelerates the condensed working medium on the surface of the pressure-drainage composite layer (4) to flow back to the capillary core (3) through the diversion channel network, and cooperates with the pressure isolation zone (41) to control the working medium circulation path.

2. The heat spreader structure according to claim 1, wherein: The pressure isolation zone (41) is in a plate-like, honeycomb-like, radial or wavy shape, and the directional drainage zone (42) is distributed along the gap of the pressure isolation zone (41) to form a continuous working medium reflux channel.

3. The heat spreader structure according to claim 1, wherein: The support assembly (21) is a solid guide column or a hollow guide column, and the inner wall of the hollow guide column is provided with a spiral guide groove for guiding the steam to diffuse along a preset swirl direction.

4. The heat spreader structure according to claim 1, wherein: The vapor diffusion chamber (5) is divided into a plurality of sub-chambers (51), each sub-chamber (51) corresponding to a pressure isolation area (41) and a directional drainage area (42).

5. The heat spreader structure according to claim 1, wherein: The pressure-drainage composite layer (4) and the capillary core (3) are fixed via a mortise and tenon structure or laser welding, and the directional drainage area (42) is connected to the interior of the capillary core (3) via a micron-sized groove.

6. The heat spreader structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capillary core (3) comprises a multi-stage branch capillary network, which is used to transport the working medium from the condensation area to the heating area, and the end is close to the diversion inlet of the directional diversion area (42).

7. The heat spreader structure according to claim 1, wherein: The pressure-drainage composite layer (4) comprises a metal matrix (43) and a surface hydrophobic treatment layer (44); the hydrophobic treatment layer (44) covers the surface of the directional drainage area (42) and is used to reduce the flow resistance of the working medium.

8. The heat spreader structure according to claim 1, wherein: The edges of the first cover plate (1) and the second cover plate (2) are sealed by step-type laser welding, and the welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure isolation area (41) and the directional drainage area (42).

9. The heat spreader structure according to claim 1, wherein: The support components (21) are arranged in a matrix, spiral, or radial manner on the inner surface of the second cover plate (2) to form a working medium accelerated diffusion path, and the distribution density of the support components is associated with the distribution density of the directional drainage area (42).

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