Hydraulic support column descending and support moving dust production characteristic test platform based on analog simulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic support column descending and support moving dust production characteristic test platform based on analog simulation. The platform is used for simulating the dust production process of column descending and support moving of a fully mechanized coal mining face hydraulic support. The platform comprises a simulation hydraulic support module, a coal rock sample placing unit, a top plate pressure-bearing simulation device, a support gap distance adjusting mechanism, a dust collection and analysis system and a control and data acquisition system. The bracket model is scaled according to the proportion of 1: 10 to 1: 5, and the dynamic dust production characteristic is reproduced; the coal rock hardness, the water content, the top plate bearing pressure and the frame seam distance can be regulated and controlled. According to the method, the similar simulation principle is adopted, and the geometric, mechanical and kinematic characteristics of column descending and support moving of the hydraulic support of the fully mechanized coal mining face are accurately reproduced through the proportionally-scaled support model and the column descending and support moving mechanism. The platform can simulate the dynamic process of descending the column and moving the support, including sequential operation and transient dust release characteristics of the support, so as to obtain dust production characteristic data closer to actual working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dust characteristic testing of fully mechanized mining working surfaces in coal mines, and specifically to a dust generation characteristic testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation, which is used to simulate the dust generation characteristics during the column lowering and frame moving process of the hydraulic support in the fully mechanized mining working surface, obtain the dust generation amount and dust generation performance indicators, and provide a theoretical basis for dust control and the design of intelligent dust prevention systems. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of coal mining technology in my country, fully mechanized coal mining (abbreviated as fully mechanized mining) has become the mainstream method of modern coal mining. Fully mechanized mining faces achieve efficient coal mining through processes such as coal cutting with shearers and hydraulic support lowering and moving supports. However, these processes inevitably generate large amounts of dust, especially respirable dust (particle size less than 7.1 μm), which poses a serious threat to miners' health and leads to a high incidence of occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis. According to statistics, coal mine dust is the main cause of pneumoconiosis, and the direct and indirect economic losses caused by pneumoconiosis in China amount to hundreds of billions of yuan each year. Furthermore, high dust concentrations can reduce equipment life, affect production safety, and place an additional burden on mine ventilation systems. Therefore, studying the dust generation characteristics and influencing factors of fully mechanized mining faces and developing efficient dust control technologies have become key issues that urgently need to be addressed in the coal mining industry.

[0003] In fully mechanized mining faces, the lowering and moving of hydraulic supports is a major source of dust generation. During the lowering and moving process, coal and rock particles from the side seams of adjacent supports are scattered and rapidly dispersed by the wind, forming a high-concentration dust cloud. This dust not only pollutes the work area but also spreads throughout the roadway with the return airflow, causing lasting impacts on personnel health and the production environment. Research has shown that the amount of dust generated by hydraulic support lowering and moving is influenced by multiple factors, including the physical and chemical properties of the coal and rock (such as hardness and moisture content), roof pressure, and support structure (such as the distance between adjacent support seams). However, due to the complexity and dynamic nature of the fully mechanized mining face operating environment, conducting direct on-site research on dust generation characteristics presents numerous difficulties. First, field testing is limited by factors such as limited space, high dust concentration, and significant safety risks, making it difficult to precisely control variables and obtain high-quality data. Second, hydraulic support lowering and moving is a non-continuous, sequential process, and its dust generation characteristics are transient and coupled, making it difficult to capture its temporal and spatial evolution using traditional testing methods. Therefore, developing a test platform that can efficiently, accurately and safely simulate the dust generation characteristics of hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving has become the focus of current research.

[0004] In the prior art, research on the dust generation characteristics of coal mine dust has mainly focused on the coal cutting process of coal mining machines, while relatively little research has been conducted on the dust generation characteristics of hydraulic support column lowering and frame shifting. Common testing methods include drop hammer testing and on-site sampling and analysis. The drop hammer test simulates the dust generation process of coal rock being crushed by impact and measures the dust generation amount and dispersion under different energy conditions. However, this method cannot take into account actual working conditions such as the dynamic process of hydraulic support column lowering and frame shifting, roof pressure, and frame gap distance, resulting in a large deviation between the test results and the actual dust generation characteristics of the fully mechanized mining working face. Although on-site sampling and analysis can obtain actual data, it is limited by dust concentration fluctuations, wind flow disturbances, and equipment layout difficulties, resulting in low data accuracy and repeatability. In addition, existing testing platforms are mostly designed for a single dust source (such as coal mining machine cutting), and there is a lack of similar simulation test platforms specifically for the dust generation characteristics of hydraulic support column lowering and frame shifting. Such a platform needs to be able to reproduce the geometric, mechanical, and kinematic characteristics of the fully mechanized mining working face, while precisely controlling key parameters such as coal rock properties, roof pressure, and frame gap distance to systematically study the influencing laws of dust generation characteristics.

[0005] In recent years, similarity simulation technology has been widely used in the field of coal mining engineering. Similarity simulation reproduces complex working conditions in a laboratory environment by scaling the geometric, physical and motion characteristics of the real system, and has the advantages of safety, efficiency and controllability. For example, a similarity simulation test platform for the dust generation characteristics of coal cutting by a coal mining machine has made certain progress. By simulating the drum coal cutting process, the influence of coal rock properties, coal cutting intensity and other factors on dust generation has been studied. However, the dust generation process of the hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving is significantly different from that of coal cutting by a coal mining machine. It involves the dynamic adjustment of the support structure, the transient change of the roof pressure and the geometric constraints of the frame gap distance. The existing coal mining machine test platform cannot be directly applied to the study of dust generation by hydraulic supports. In addition, the existing similarity simulation platforms generally lack the ability to finely measure the dust particle size distribution and dust generation performance indicators, making it difficult to meet the theoretical requirements of the intelligent dust prevention system for dust tracing and precise control.

[0006] In summary, the existing technology has the following deficiencies in the test of dust generation characteristics of hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving: First, there is a lack of similar simulation test platforms specifically for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving, and its dynamic dust generation process cannot be reproduced; second, the existing test methods (such as drop hammer test) cannot take into account key factors such as top plate pressure and frame gap distance, resulting in large data deviation; third, on-site testing is limited by safety and accuracy issues, and it is difficult to systematically obtain dust generation characteristic data; fourth, the existing platform has insufficient measurement capabilities for dust particle size distribution and dust generation performance indicators, and it is difficult to support theoretical research on dust control. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology in the dust generation characteristics test of hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving, and to provide a hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving dust generation characteristics test platform based on similar simulation, which can efficiently, accurately and safely simulate the dust generation characteristics of the hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving process in the comprehensive mining working face, obtain dust generation and dust generation performance indicators, and provide theoretical support for dust control and intelligent dust prevention system design.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A similarity simulation-based test platform for dust generation characteristics of hydraulic support column lowering and frame transfer is used to simulate the dust generation characteristics of hydraulic support column lowering and frame transfer in fully mechanized mining working faces, including:

[0010] A simulation module for a hydraulic support, comprising an adjustable support model and a column lowering and frame moving mechanism. The support model can simulate the column lowering and frame moving actions of the hydraulic support. The column lowering and frame moving mechanism is used to drive the support model to perform the column lowering and frame moving operations.

[0011] A coal and rock sample placement unit is provided above the simulated hydraulic support module and is used to place coal and rock samples with different physical and chemical properties;

[0012] A roof pressure simulation device is provided above the coal and rock sample placement unit and is used to apply an adjustable roof pressure;

[0013] A frame gap distance adjustment mechanism is provided on the simulated hydraulic support module and is used to adjust the frame gap distance between adjacent support models;

[0014] The dust collection and analysis system includes a dust collection device and a dust analysis instrument. The dust collection device is used to collect dust generated during the column lowering and rack moving process. The dust analysis instrument is used to measure the dust generation amount and dust generation performance index;

[0015] The control and data acquisition system is in communication with the simulated hydraulic support module, the top plate pressure simulation device, the frame gap distance adjustment mechanism and the dust collection and analysis system, and is used to control test parameters and record test data.

[0016] Furthermore, the support model of the simulated hydraulic support module adopts a proportional scaling design with a scaling ratio ranging from 1:10 to 1:5 to reproduce the geometric and motion characteristics of the hydraulic support in the fully mechanized mining working face.

[0017] Furthermore, the coal rock sample placement unit includes a replaceable sample tray and a humidity control device. The sample tray is used to load coal rock samples of different hardness and moisture content, and is placed between the roof pressure simulation device and the simulated hydraulic support module; the humidity control device is used to adjust the moisture content of the coal rock sample, and the moisture content adjustment range is 0% to 20%.

[0018] Furthermore, the roof pressure simulation device includes a hydraulic loading mechanism and a pressure sensor. The hydraulic loading mechanism can apply a roof pressure of 0MPa to 20MPa. The pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure value in real time with a monitoring accuracy better than ±0.1MPa.

[0019] Furthermore, the frame gap distance adjustment mechanism includes a slide rail and a servo motor, the slide rail is used to support adjacent bracket models, and the servo motor drives the bracket models to move along the slide rail, and the frame gap distance adjustment range is 0mm to 500mm.

[0020] Furthermore, the dust collection device includes a negative pressure suction device and a filter screen, and the suction air volume range of the negative pressure suction device is 10m 3 / min to 50m 3 / min, the pore size of the filter mesh ranges from 0.075mm to 7.1mm, and is used to separate dust of different particle sizes.

[0021] Furthermore, the dust analysis instrument includes an analytical balance and a particle size analyzer. The analytical balance is used to measure the dust mass with a measurement accuracy better than ±0.1 mg; the particle size analyzer is used to measure the dust particle size distribution with a measurement range of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm.

[0022] Furthermore, the control and data acquisition system includes:

[0023] Parameter setting module, used to set the test parameters of coal rock hardness, moisture content, roof pressure and frame gap distance;

[0024] Data recording module, used to record dust generation, particle size distribution and dust generation performance indicators in real time;

[0025] The data analysis module is used to analyze the test data and generate a dust generation characteristic prediction model.

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes an environmental control device for simulating the wind speed and temperature conditions of the comprehensive mining working face. The wind speed adjustment range of the environmental control device is 0m / s to 5m / s, and the temperature adjustment range is 10℃ to 40℃.

[0027] Furthermore, the test platform adopts a modular structure and supports rapid assembly and disassembly.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similar simulation provided by the present invention has the following significant advantages and beneficial effects compared with the existing technology:

[0030] 1. Efficiently reproduce the dynamic dust generation process

[0031] This invention uses the principle of similar simulation to accurately reproduce the geometric, mechanical, and kinematic characteristics of the hydraulic support column lowering and frame shifting in the fully mechanized mining face through a scaled support model (scaling ratio 1:10 to 1:5) and a column lowering and frame shifting mechanism. Compared with traditional drop hammer tests and on-site sampling analysis, this platform can simulate the dynamic process of column lowering and frame shifting, including the sequential operation of the support and transient dust release characteristics, thereby obtaining dust generation characteristic data that is closer to actual working conditions. This dynamic reproduction capability overcomes the limitations of static testing methods and provides a reliable experimental basis for studying the spatiotemporal evolution of dust generation characteristics.

[0032] 2. Systematic multi-factor regulation

[0033] The platform integrates a coal and rock sample placement unit, a roof pressure simulation device, and a frame joint distance adjustment mechanism, and can systematically control key influencing factors, including coal and rock hardness (f = 1 to 5), moisture content (0% to 20%), roof pressure (0MPa to 20MPa), and frame joint distance (0mm to 500mm). By precisely controlling these parameters, the platform can simulate fully mechanized mining faces with different mining heights, coal qualities, and support structures, and obtain dust production and dust production performance index data under multiple working conditions. This multi-factor control capability fills the gap that existing test platforms cannot comprehensively consider factors such as roof pressure and frame joint distance, and provides comprehensive data support for the construction of dust production characteristics prediction models.

[0034] 3. High-precision dust characteristic measurement

[0035] The dust collection and analysis system is equipped with a negative pressure suction device (air volume 10m 3 / min to 50m 3 / min), filter (pore size 0.075mm to 7.1mm), analytical balance (accuracy ±0.1mg) and particle size analyzer (measuring range 0.1μm to 1000μm), which can accurately measure the total dust amount, respirable dust ratio and particle size distribution. Compared with the limitation of traditional platforms that only measure the total dust amount, the present invention can analyze dust production performance indicators (such as dispersion) and provide key data for dust tracing and precise control (such as optimizing spray parameters) of intelligent dust control systems. For example, particle size distribution data can guide the targeted control of respirable dust and reduce the risk of pneumoconiosis.

[0036] 4. Safe and efficient laboratory testing environment

[0037] The present invention operates in a laboratory environment, overcoming the safety risks (such as high dust concentrations and confined spaces) and inefficiencies associated with field testing. By simulating the wind speed (0m / s to 5m / s) and temperature (10°C to 40°C) of the fully mechanized mining face through environmental control devices, the platform can replicate the external environment of real working conditions while avoiding the wind flow disturbances and equipment layout difficulties associated with field testing. The high controllability and repeatability of laboratory testing significantly improves data quality and experimental efficiency, reducing testing costs.

[0038] 5. Support the development of intelligent dust prevention system

[0039] The platform utilizes a control and data acquisition system to enable parameter setting, data recording, and analysis, generating predictive models of dust generation characteristics based on experimental data. These models can be directly applied to the design of intelligent dust control systems, such as optimizing spray dust suppression parameters, adjusting ventilation strategies, or developing adaptive dust control equipment. The data analysis module supports regression analysis and machine learning algorithms to further enhance model accuracy, providing a theoretical basis for real-time dust source tracing and precise control. This data-driven nature makes the platform a valuable tool for the development of intelligent dust control technologies.

[0040] 6. Modular design improves practicality

[0041] The platform features a modular structure, with modules (such as the simulated hydraulic support module and the dust collection and analysis system) connected via standard interfaces, enabling rapid assembly and disassembly. This modular design not only facilitates laboratory operation and maintenance but also allows for the replacement of coal and rock samples, adjustment of support models, and upgrading of analytical instruments to meet diverse testing requirements. This flexibility and scalability enhances the platform's applicability, enabling it to accommodate testing requirements in fully mechanized mining faces with varying mining heights (4 to 10 meters) and coal qualities.

[0042] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0044] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a test platform for dust generation characteristics of a hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similar simulation in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure numerals: 1-support model; 2-coal and rock sample placement unit; 3-roof pressure simulation device; 4-column lowering and frame moving mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by means of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0047] Among them, the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and represent only schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the dimensions of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the accompanying drawings.

[0048] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving dust generation characteristics test platform based on similar simulation, which is used to simulate the dust generation characteristics during the column lowering and frame moving process of the hydraulic support in the fully mechanized mining working face. The platform includes a simulated hydraulic support module, a coal rock sample placement unit 2, a roof pressure simulation device 3, a frame gap distance adjustment mechanism, a dust collection and analysis system, a control and data acquisition system, and an environmental control device. The simulated hydraulic support module consists of a support model 1 and a column lowering and frame moving mechanism 4. The coal rock sample placement unit 2 is located above the support model 1, and the roof pressure simulation device 3 is located above the coal rock sample placement unit 2. The following is a detailed introduction to each module:

[0051] The simulated hydraulic support module includes a support model 1 and a column lowering and frame moving mechanism 4. Support model 1 utilizes a 1:8 scale design and is made of high-strength steel. It replicates the geometry and kinematic characteristics of a hydraulic support in a fully mechanized mining face and is suitable for mining heights of 4 to 10 meters. The column lowering and frame moving mechanism 4, comprised of a servo motor and hydraulic cylinder, drives support model 1 to lower and move columns. The column lowering speed ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 m / s, and the frame moving distance ranges from 0 to 1000 mm, with an accuracy of ±1 mm. The column lowering and frame moving mechanism 4 is mechanically connected to support model 1 to ensure the stability of the dynamic simulation.

[0052] The coal rock sample placement unit 2 is located above the support model 1 and includes a replaceable sample tray and a humidity control device. The sample tray is used to load coal rock samples of different hardness (f = 1 to 5) and moisture content (0% to 20%) and is placed between the support model 1 and the roof pressure simulation device 3. The tray is made of stainless steel and has dimensions of 500mm×500mm×100mm. The humidity control device uses an ultrasonic humidifier with a moisture content adjustment accuracy of ±0.5%. The sample humidity is adjusted by spraying to simulate different coal quality conditions. The coal rock sample placement unit 2 is located in the middle of the test platform and is subject to roof pressure.

[0053] The roof pressure simulation device 3, located above the coal and rock sample placement unit 2, comprises a hydraulic loading mechanism and a pressure sensor. The hydraulic loading mechanism applies a roof pressure ranging from 0 MPa to 20 MPa via a hydraulic pump, simulating the roof pressure of a fully mechanized mining face. The pressure sensor monitors the pressure in real time with an accuracy of ±0.1 MPa, and the data is recorded by the control system to ensure pressure stability. The roof pressure simulation device 3 is located on the top of the platform and directly acts on the coal and rock sample placement unit 2.

[0054] The gap adjustment mechanism is installed on the bracket model 1 and includes a slide rail and a servo motor. The slide rail supports adjacent bracket models 1, and the servo motor drives the bracket models 1 along the slide rail. The gap adjustment range is 0mm to 500mm, with an adjustment accuracy of ±1mm, which is used to simulate the dust dispersion characteristics of different bracket structures. The gap adjustment mechanism is integrated into the bracket model 1 and is not separately labeled, but its function is realized by the movement of the bracket model 1.

[0055] The dust collection and analysis system includes a negative pressure suction device, a filter, an analytical balance, and a particle size analyzer. The negative pressure suction device is located below the side of the support model 1, and the suction air volume range is 10m 3 / min to 50m 3 / min, used to collect dust generated by the support model 1 and the coal and rock sample placement unit 2 during the lowering and transfer of the columns. The filter mesh has a pore size range of 0.075mm to 7.1mm, separating dust particles of varying sizes. An analytical balance measures dust mass with an accuracy of ±0.1mg; a particle size analyzer measures dust particle size distribution from 0.1μm to 1000μm, supporting analysis of the proportion of respirable dust. Although the dust collection and analysis system is not directly displayed, its function is related to the dust generation process of the support model 1 and the coal and rock sample placement unit 2.

[0056] The control and data acquisition system includes a parameter setting module, a data recording module, and a data analysis module. The parameter setting module sets the test parameters through the touch screen, including coal rock hardness (f), moisture content (η), roof pressure (p), and frame gap distance (d). The data recording module records dust production, particle size distribution, and dust production performance indicators (such as dispersion) in real time. The data analysis module uses regression analysis methods to generate a dust production characteristic prediction model, such as the functional relationship between dust production M and influencing factors: M = f(f,η,p,d). The system is connected to the support model 1, the column lowering and frame moving mechanism 4, the coal rock sample placement unit 2, and the roof pressure simulation device 3 to control the test process and record data.

[0057] The platform is equipped with an environmental control device to simulate the wind speed (0 m / s to 5 m / s) and temperature (10°C to 40°C) of a fully mechanized mining face. Wind speed is adjusted with an accuracy of ±0.1 m / s by a fan, and temperature is adjusted with an accuracy of ±0.5°C by a heating / cooling device to replicate the external environment of real-world working conditions. Although the environmental control device is not separately labeled, its function affects the dust-generating environment of the support model 1 and the coal and rock sample placement unit 2.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment optimizes the modular structure of the platform on the basis of Example 1. Each module, including the bracket model 1, the coal rock sample placement unit 2, the roof pressure simulation device 3 and the column lowering and moving frame mechanism 4, is connected by standard quick connectors and bolts to support rapid assembly and disassembly, with the assembly time being less than 2 hours and the disassembly time being less than 1 hour. The bracket model 1 supports the replacement of models with different scaling ratios (1:10 to 1:5) to meet the testing requirements of different mining heights (4m to 10m). The sample tray of the coal rock sample placement unit 2 supports rapid replacement, and the single replacement time is less than 5 minutes. The modular design ensures the rapid installation of the bracket model 1, the coal rock sample placement unit 2 and the roof pressure simulation device 3.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] This embodiment adds a remote monitoring function based on Example 1. The control and data acquisition system integrates a Wi-Fi module to upload the test data (including dust production, particle size distribution, pressure value of the roof pressure simulation device 3, etc.) to the cloud server in real time, with a data transmission rate of more than 10Mbps. Users can monitor the test process and download data analysis results through a remote terminal. The data analysis module supports the integration of machine learning algorithms (such as support vector machines) to improve the accuracy of the dust production characteristic prediction model. This function is seamlessly integrated with the test process of the support model 1, the column lowering and frame moving mechanism 4, and the coal and rock sample placement unit 2.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] This embodiment adds an automated function to the dust collection and analysis system based on Example 1. The dust collection device is equipped with a mechanism for automatically cleaning the filter screen, which removes dust residues on the filter screen through backblowing with high-pressure airflow. The cleaning cycle can be set to be performed once every 10 tests. The particle size analyzer supports automatic calibration with a calibration accuracy of ±0.05μm, ensuring measurement stability for long-term testing. These automated functions reduce manual intervention and improve test efficiency, and are suitable for the analysis of dust generated by the bracket model 1 and the coal and rock sample placement unit 2. The dust collection and analysis system is closely related to the dust generation process of the bracket model 1 and the coal and rock sample placement unit 2.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test platform for dust generation characteristics of hydraulic support column lowering and frame shifting based on similarity simulation, used to simulate the dust generation characteristics of hydraulic support column lowering and frame shifting in fully mechanized mining working face, characterized by: include: A simulation module for a hydraulic support, comprising an adjustable support model and a column lowering and frame moving mechanism. The support model can simulate the column lowering and frame moving actions of the hydraulic support. The column lowering and frame moving mechanism is used to drive the support model to perform the column lowering and frame moving operations. A coal and rock sample placement unit is provided above the simulated hydraulic support module and is used to place coal and rock samples with different physical and chemical properties; A roof pressure simulation device is provided above the coal and rock sample placement unit and is used to apply an adjustable roof pressure; A frame gap distance adjustment mechanism is provided on the simulated hydraulic support module and is used to adjust the frame gap distance between adjacent support models; The dust collection and analysis system includes a dust collection device and a dust analysis instrument. The dust collection device is used to collect dust generated during the column lowering and rack moving process. The dust analysis instrument is used to measure the dust generation amount and dust generation performance index; The control and data acquisition system is in communication with the simulated hydraulic support module, the top plate pressure simulation device, the frame gap distance adjustment mechanism and the dust collection and analysis system, and is used to control test parameters and record test data.

2. The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The support model of the simulated hydraulic support module adopts a proportional scaling design with a scaling ratio ranging from 1:10 to 1:5 to reproduce the geometric and motion characteristics of the hydraulic support of the fully mechanized mining working face.

3. The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The coal rock sample placement unit includes a replaceable sample tray and a humidity control device. The sample tray is used to load coal rock samples of different hardness and moisture content and is placed between the roof pressure simulation device and the simulated hydraulic support module; the humidity control device is used to adjust the moisture content of the coal rock sample, and the moisture content adjustment range is 0% to 20%.

4. The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The roof pressure simulation device includes a hydraulic loading mechanism and a pressure sensor. The hydraulic loading mechanism can apply a roof pressure of 0MPa to 20MPa. The pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure value in real time with a monitoring accuracy better than ±0.1MPa.

5. The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The frame gap distance adjustment mechanism includes a slide rail and a servo motor. The slide rail is used to support adjacent bracket models. The servo motor drives the bracket models to move along the slide rail. The frame gap distance adjustment range is 0mm to 500mm.

6. The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dust collection device includes a negative pressure suction device and a filter screen. The suction air volume range of the negative pressure suction device is 10m 3 / min to 50m 3 / min, the pore size of the filter mesh ranges from 0.075mm to 7.1mm, and is used to separate dust of different particle sizes.

7. The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dust analysis instrument includes an analytical balance and a particle size analyzer. The analytical balance is used to measure the dust mass with a measurement accuracy better than ±0.1 mg; the particle size analyzer is used to measure the dust particle size distribution with a measurement range of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm.

8. The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control and data acquisition system includes: Parameter setting module, used to set the test parameters of coal rock hardness, moisture content, roof pressure and frame gap distance; Data recording module, used to record dust generation, particle size distribution and dust generation performance indicators in real time; The data analysis module is used to analyze the test data and generate a dust generation characteristic prediction model.

9. The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an environmental control device for simulating the wind speed and temperature conditions of the comprehensive mining working face. The wind speed adjustment range of the environmental control device is 0m / s to 5m / s, and the temperature adjustment range is 10℃ to 40℃.

10. The dust generation characteristics testing platform for hydraulic support column lowering and frame moving based on similarity simulation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The test platform adopts a modular structure and supports rapid assembly and disassembly.

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