Multi-end alternating type permanent magnet one-way driving device and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-end alternating type permanent magnet one-way driving device and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet driving. The device comprises an end A and an end B which are respectively provided with a rotor, an intermittent stator, a magnetic isolation layer, an electromagnetic clutch and a one-way rotating mechanism. A magnetic flux path is selectively blocked or conducted through the magnetic isolation layer, and dynamic coupling and decoupling of the electromagnetic clutch are combined, so that the double-rotor alternating working mode is achieved. The control system corrects the rotor phase difference in real time through a phase compensator and a Hall sensor, and continuous power output is ensured. The permanent magnet driving device solves the problems that an existing permanent magnet driving device is low in magnetic energy conversion efficiency and discontinuous in motion and has dead points, has the advantages of being efficient, capable of saving energy, stable in output, capable of achieving modular expansion and the like, and is suitable for scenes of new energy automobiles, industrial transmission, grid-connected and off-grid power generation and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of permanent magnet drive technology, and in particular to a non-contact continuous rotation system based on a magnetic isolation layer and a unidirectional rotation mechanism, which is suitable for fields such as new energy vehicles, industrial transmissions and off-grid power generation. Background Art

[0002] With growing concerns about environmental protection and sustainable development, new energy vehicles are becoming a more popular choice, and people are placing increasing emphasis on reducing energy consumption. Magnetic energy conversion technology has become one of the best solutions to addressing high energy consumption. Currently, the application of permanent magnet power technology is primarily reflected in permanent magnet motors. As a core component of new energy vehicles, permanent magnet motors offer significant advantages in energy conservation, emission reduction, and improving energy efficiency. As the new energy vehicle market continues to expand, demand for permanent magnet motors is also rapidly growing. To meet this demand, many companies are increasing their R&D investment in permanent magnet power technology, driving continuous breakthroughs and innovations in permanent magnet motor technology.

[0003] A permanent magnet motor (PMM) is an electric motor that uses permanent magnets to generate a magnetic field. Unlike traditional motors, its rotor and stator are both permanent magnets, and the repulsive or attractive forces between the permanent magnets propel the rotor. This type of motor suffers from low conversion efficiency, discontinuous motion, and dead spots. Compared to traditional electromagnetic motors, it offers advantages such as simple structure, high efficiency, high power density, and low maintenance costs. In the field of new energy vehicles, PMMs are widely used in drive systems to power vehicles. Because PMMs do not require an external power source to generate a magnetic field, they boast energy conversion efficiencies exceeding 90%, resulting in lower energy consumption and higher power output than traditional motors.

[0004] At present, there are four main types of permanent magnet motors commonly used in new energy vehicles, including DC motors, asynchronous motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors and switched reluctance motors.

[0005] DC motors: A type of permanent magnet motor, the DC motor was one of the earliest drive motors used in electric vehicles. It boasts excellent controllability and low cost. However, due to its complex structure, weak transient overload resistance, and low maximum speed, the brushes and slip rings in DC motors can wear out over time, increasing maintenance costs. Consequently, it has been gradually replaced by other motor types in new electric vehicles.

[0006] Asynchronous motors are a type of induction motor that generates a magnetic field using electric current. When AC current is fed to the stator, a rotating magnetic field is generated, which in turn induces a magnetic field in the rotor. These two magnetic fields act together to cause the rotor to rotate in accordance with the stator's rotating magnetic field. Asynchronous motors offer advantages such as simple structure, easy maintenance, and low cost. They also offer excellent speed regulation, meeting various speed control requirements.

[0007] Permanent magnet synchronous motor: A permanent magnet synchronous motor is a type of permanent magnet motor. Its stator receives three-phase AC current to generate a rotating magnetic field, while the rotor's magnetic field is generated by permanent magnets. Like magnets, the stator and rotor magnetic fields attract each other. Since the stator field rotates at the power frequency, it drives the rotor to rotate at the same speed. Permanent magnet synchronous motors offer high power density and efficiency, making them popular in some high-end new energy vehicles. They offer a wide speed range and fast dynamic response, meeting the demands of high-performance speed regulation.

[0008] Switched reluctance motors (SRMs): They are used in some specialized applications due to their simple structure, low cost, and high reliability. They offer a wide speed range and high efficiency, meeting specific speed regulation requirements.

[0009] With breakthroughs in the performance of permanent magnet materials, permanent magnet drive technology has been widely used in industrial automation, new energy vehicles, precision instruments, and other fields. Existing technologies often use a fixed permanent magnet array coupled with an electromagnetic coil to achieve unidirectional power output through current commutation. However, this structure has the following inherent drawbacks:

[0010] Low magnetic potential energy conversion efficiency. Traditional unidirectional drive devices are limited by the static arrangement of permanent magnets, resulting in significant edge attenuation of the effective working air gap magnetic field. Experimental data shows that when the drive stroke exceeds 1.5 times the magnetic pole spacing, the output torque can decrease by as much as 35%-40%, forcing the device to increase in size to compensate for the performance loss.

[0011] The motion is discontinuous and there are dead points. During the operation of a permanent magnet motor, the dead point (Dead Zone) refers to the critical position where the rotor cannot generate effective driving torque at a specific mechanical angle. Its essence stems from the coupling characteristics of the permanent magnet and the electromagnetic field. When the magnetic pole axis of the rotor permanent magnet completely coincides with the magnetic field axis of the stator winding, the vector product of the Lorentz force is zero, resulting in the disappearance of the resultant torque. Near the dead point, the air gap magnetic flux distribution shows nonlinear distortion, and the reluctance torque drops sharply, further weakening the effective driving force. In the existing permanent magnet motor design, the dead point problem causes the start-stop characteristics to deteriorate. During the low-speed or zero-speed starting stage, the rotor is easily locked in the dead point position. The torque pulsation in the dead point range causes speed fluctuations, which seriously affects the life of the precision transmission system. The control complexity has increased sharply, and traditional dead point compensation relies on high-precision position sensors, which increases the power consumption of the control system. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The present invention provides a multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet unidirectional drive device and a control method, which are used to solve the problems of low magnetic potential energy conversion efficiency, discontinuous motion and dead points in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0013] To address these issues, the present invention proposes a multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet unidirectional drive device and control method. The device primarily comprises an intermittent stator, a rotor, a magnetic isolation layer, an intermittent stator support, a unidirectional rotation mechanism, a transmission wheel, an electromagnetic clutch, a phase compensator, and a control system. This permanent magnet drive device utilizes a combined topological mechanism of a unidirectional rotation mechanism and an electromagnetic clutch in conjunction with a magnetic isolation layer to achieve the storage and release of magnetic potential energy.

[0014] The device has two terminals, A and B, capable of alternating power output. A magnetic isolation layer is provided between the rotor and intermittent stator, and an electromagnetic clutch connects and disconnects the rotor and intermittent stator. A one-way rotation mechanism is connected to the intermittent stator, ensuring unidirectional rotation. When one terminal of the system is magnetically isolated, the other terminal is not.

[0015] In the non-magnetic isolation state, the electromagnetic clutch is in the disconnected state, the rotor and the intermittent stator repel each other, the intermittent stator is in a stationary state, and the rotor rotates.

[0016] When the rotor enters the magnetic isolation state, the electromagnetic clutch connects the rotor and the intermittent stator together, and the two can rotate at the same time.

[0017] In order to ensure that the rotor and the intermittent stator can continuously repel each other, the present invention has two rotors and two intermittent stators. When the rotor and the intermittent stator at one end are in a non-magnetic isolation state, the rotor and the intermittent stator at the other end are in a magnetic isolation state. The state of the rotor and the intermittent stator at both ends is always one end in a non-magnetic isolation state and the other end in a magnetic isolation state. The device of the present invention also includes a control system. When the control system is applied to new energy vehicles, it receives a start signal from the vehicle controller; when it is applied to industry, it receives a switch signal; when it is applied to on-grid and off-grid power generation, it receives a start signal from the battery management system. The device includes an outer shell, an intermittent stator, a magnetic isolation layer, an intermittent stator fixing bracket, a rotor shaft, a rotor, a one-way rotation mechanism, an output wheel, an electromagnetic clutch, a transmission wheel, a phase compensator and a control system, and is characterized in that:

[0018] an outer shell constituting an external supporting structure of the drive device;

[0019] The intermittent stator includes a first intermittent stator and a second intermittent stator, which are coaxially arranged with the first rotor and the second rotor respectively;

[0020] A magnetic isolation layer is provided in the air gap between each rotor and the corresponding intermittent stator to selectively block or conduct the magnetic flux path between the rotor and the stator;

[0021] An intermittent stator fixing bracket, serving as a bracket for the intermittent stator;

[0022] a rotor shaft connected to the rotor and driving it to rotate;

[0023] The rotor includes a first rotor and a second rotor, which are respectively arranged at the A end and the B end of the device;

[0024] A one-way rotation mechanism is connected to each intermittent stator to limit the intermittent stator to rotate in only one direction;

[0025] The output wheel is connected to the rotor shaft and transmits the mechanical power generated inside the device to the outside to realize the driving function;

[0026] The electromagnetic clutch comprises a first clutch portion coaxially connected to the rotor and a second clutch portion connected to the intermittent stator, and realizes mechanical coupling between the rotor and the intermittent stator when powered;

[0027] The transmission wheel is connected to the rotor and is used to output mechanical power to the outside;

[0028] a phase compensator configured to detect and correct a phase difference between the rotor and the intermittent stator in real time;

[0029] Control system, electromagnetic clutch, magnetic isolation layer and phase compensator (signal connection, detection and processing device fault level, control A and B ends to alternately switch between magnetic isolation and non-magnetic isolation states;

[0030] The working conditions of end A and end B meet the following requirements: when one end is in a non-magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch is disconnected, the rotor and the intermittent stator remain relatively stationary due to the action of magnetic repulsion, and the rotor rotates independently to drive the transmission wheel to output power; when the other end is in a magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch is closed, the rotor and the intermittent stator are mechanically locked and rotate synchronously, and the magnetic isolation layer blocks the magnetic flux path to achieve continuous power output.

[0031] The magnetic isolation layer includes a high-reluctance material layer covering part or all of the magnetic pole area on the rotor or stator surface; and / or a dynamic adjustment unit embedded in the high-reluctance material layer, which responds to a control signal to change the local magnetic permeability to achieve dynamic reconfiguration of the magnetic flux path. The magnetic isolation layer is composed of high-reluctance material, composite reluctance material, or a composite structure of one of these materials with the coil. The magnetic isolation layer can be installed either fixedly or with a rotational adjustment mechanism tailored to the operating environment.

[0032] The electromagnetic clutch is a multi-disc electromagnetic friction clutch, the first clutch part of which is integrated into the rotor shaft end, and the second clutch part is slidingly connected to the intermittent stator bracket through a spline structure.

[0033] The one-way rotation mechanism includes a ratchet assembly fixed to the device housing; an overrunning clutch, the inner ring of which is interference fit with the intermittent stator shaft, and the outer ring is engaged with the ratchet assembly, limiting the intermittent stator to rotate only in a preset direction.

[0034] The phase compensator includes: a Hall sensor array distributed around the two rotors; a dynamic balancing algorithm module that calculates the phase compensation angle θ based on the sensor signals and achieves phase synchronization by adjusting the activation timing of the magnetic isolation layer. The compensation angle θ satisfies: θ = k (Δφ / ω), where Δφ is the measured phase difference, ω is the rotor angular velocity, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

[0035] The control system can be external or built into the outer shell, and can be connected to the electromagnetic clutch, magnetic isolation layer and phase compensator signal through wired or wireless means. The control system performs the following steps:

[0036] S1. The control system determines whether it has received a start command, enters the initial state judgment, and detects the current device fault level;

[0037] S2. If the fault level = 2 (single-ended fault, device output power is reduced), the controller sends a power reduction signal to the outside and enters the compensator auxiliary drive mode;

[0038] S3. If the fault level = 3 (shutdown), the controller sends a shutdown signal;

[0039] S4. If the fault level is less than 2: the controller enters the position detection process. The controller determines the relative position of the rotor and intermittent stator based on the feedback signal from the sensor to determine whether it meets the startup requirements.

[0040] S5. If the startup requirements are not met, the phase compensator is activated to perform relative position correction until the position meets the startup requirements.

[0041] S6. Meet the startup requirements and enter the startup state;

[0042] S7. Disconnect the electromagnetic clutch in the non-magnetic isolation state and close the electromagnetic clutch in the magnetic isolation state;

[0043] S8. Calculate the closing time and opening time of the electromagnetic clutch based on the current speed, the response time of the electromagnetic clutch, and the angle at which the rotor needs to rotate;

[0044] S9. Determine that the current speed is less than the fault threshold and proceed to S7;

[0045] S10. If the current speed is not less than the fault threshold, enter S5.

[0046] The power distribution strategy of the multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device includes three distribution modes: the first distribution mode stores all the output power of the generator in the energy storage unit; the second distribution mode dynamically distributes power to the drive load and the energy storage unit; the third distribution mode is energy feedback control in the reverse power supply mode.

[0047] Multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive devices can be applied to new energy vehicle power systems, forming a multi-mode drive architecture with motors and power batteries; distributed power generation systems, connecting generators and energy storage battery packs to achieve grid-connected, off-grid, on-grid and microgrid control; industrial transmission systems, providing electromechanical coupling solutions with variable torque output.

[0048] The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device can achieve three connection states, including the first connection state, pure extended-range power generation mode; the second connection state, direct drive auxiliary mode; and the third connection state, compound drive mode.

[0049] The coverage angle of the magnetic isolation layer is dynamically adjusted according to the working mode:

[0050] In extended-range mode, the non-magnetic isolation area accounts for more than 50%;

[0051] In hybrid mode, the magnetic isolation and non-magnetic isolation areas are approximately evenly distributed;

[0052] In high speed mode, the magnetic isolation area accounts for more than 50%.

[0053] The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device can be applied to on-grid or off-grid power generation or microgrid systems, connected to the energy storage battery pack and the power grid, and transmits excess electricity to the power grid when the energy storage battery pack reaches the preset SOC value.

[0054] A multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device is characterized in that when the device is applied to the extended-range mode of a new energy vehicle power system or a distributed power generation system, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 1:2, and the design goal is high power, small volume, and low speed.

[0055] When used in industrial motors, the multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device has a ratio of approximately 2:1 between the magnetically isolated area and the non-magnetically isolated area. Its design goals are strong stability, high speed, and high torque.

[0056] When the multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device is applied to the hybrid mode of the new energy vehicle power system, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 1:1. The design goal is stability, high power, small size and high speed.

[0057] The adjustment of the magnetic isolation layer is achieved through an independent mechanical device or a drive module integrated in the control system to ensure synchronous control of the magnetic flux path when the two ends switch alternately.

[0058] The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device includes: a magnetic circuit state monitoring unit that detects the magnetic flux distribution of each phase in real time; and / or a thermal management subsystem that integrates a temperature-sensitive magnetic isolation layer adjustment mechanism; and / or a fault prediction module that predicts the life of the magnetic isolation layer and the degree of demagnetization of the permanent magnet based on historical data.

[0059] The transmission wheel and output wheel of the multi-end alternating permanent magnet drive device are connected through gears, belts or chains to achieve multi-level output of mechanical power.

[0060] The present invention also includes a permanent magnet drive control method, comprising:

[0061] In the non-magnetic isolation stage, the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to be disconnected, and the magnetic repulsion between the rotor and the intermittent stator is used to drive the rotor to rotate in a single degree of freedom;

[0062] In the magnetic isolation stage, the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to close and the magnetic isolation layer is activated, so that the rotor and the intermittent stator form a rigid connection and rotate synchronously;

[0063] By alternately activating the magnetic isolation / non-magnetic isolation state of end A and end B, uninterrupted power output is achieved.

[0064] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0065] Efficient conversion of magnetic energy. By periodically releasing the inherent magnetic potential energy of the permanent magnets and combining it with dynamic control of the electromagnetic clutch, this motor significantly saves energy and reduces operating energy consumption compared to traditional permanent magnet motors.

[0066] Continuous power output. The dual-rotor alternating operation mode achieves zero-dead-point operation and reduces power output fluctuations. The magnetic isolation layer and the one-way rotation mechanism work together to eliminate the output interruptions encountered in traditional devices.

[0067] Intelligent control system. Hall sensor + phase compensator form a closed-loop control system, which corrects rotor position deviation in real time, and fuzzy control algorithm realizes dynamic optimization of magnetic shielding strength and clutch state.

[0068] Modular expansion capability. Supports expansion of N ≥ 2 rotor + intermittent stator unit sets, with a 1:1 rotor to intermittent stator ratio, allowing for flexible configuration based on load requirements. In the event of a unit failure, the phase compensator can take over power output, ensuring system redundancy.

[0069] Energy-saving and environmentally friendly design. Driven entirely by the potential energy of permanent magnets, no external excitation current is required. The magnetic shielding material is recyclable, meeting green manufacturing standards.

[0070] Wide-range adaptability. With a wide speed range and high torque output stability, it is suitable for a variety of scenarios such as new energy vehicles and industrial transmissions.

[0071] The present invention follows the law of conservation of energy, and its power core is the periodic release of magnetic potential energy of a permanent magnet.

[0072] Input energy = permanent magnet magnetic potential energy (U) + electric energy (U_e = excitation energy consumption + clutch power consumption)

[0073] Output energy = mechanical energy (E_m) + loss (friction loss E_f + magnetic leakage loss E_l), following the law of conservation of energy: U + U_e = E_m + E_f + BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] The accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. The same reference symbols are used to represent the same components throughout the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings:

[0075] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device, showing the layout of the rotor, stator and transmission wheel at the A and B ends;

[0076] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the non-magnetic isolation state, showing that the rotor rotates independently when the magnetic flux path is open;

[0077] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of magnetic isolation state, showing that the rotor and stator rotate synchronously after the electromagnetic clutch is closed;

[0078] Figure 4 : Control method logic diagram, including startup self-test, phase compensation and state switching processes;

[0079] Figure 5-10 : Schematic diagram of typical application scenarios. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0081] Specific implementation method 1: reference Figure 1-Figure 3 , Figure 1 Figure 1 is the outer shell, 2 is the intermittent stator, 3 is the magnetic isolation layer, 4 is the intermittent stator mounting bracket, 5 is the rotor shaft, 6 is the rotor, 7 is the one-way rotation mechanism, 8 is the output pulley, 9 is the electromagnetic clutch, 10 is the transmission pulley, and 11 is the phase compensator. The device has two terminals, A and B, and can output power alternately.

[0082] The rotor 6 includes a first rotor 6 (1) and a second rotor 6 (2), which are respectively arranged at the A end and the B end of the device; the intermittent stator includes a first intermittent stator 2 (1) and a second intermittent stator 2 (2), which are respectively arranged coaxially with the first rotor 6 (1) and the second rotor 6 (2); the magnetic isolation layer 3 is arranged in the air gap between each rotor and the corresponding intermittent stator, selectively blocking or conducting the magnetic flux path between the rotor and the stator; the electromagnetic clutch 9 includes a first clutch part coaxially connected to the rotor and a second clutch part connected to the intermittent stator, which realizes the mechanical coupling of the rotor and the intermittent stator in the power-on state; the one-way rotation mechanism 7 is connected to each intermittent stator, limiting the intermittent stator to rotate in only one direction; the transmission wheel 10 is connected to each rotor for outputting mechanical power to the outside; the phase compensator 11 is configured to detect and correct the phase difference between the two rotors in real time. The device can be connected to an external or internal control system, which is connected to the electromagnetic clutch, magnetic isolation layer and phase compensator signal.

[0083] In order to ensure that the rotor and the intermittent stator continuously repel each other, this device has two rotors and two intermittent stators. When the rotor and the intermittent stator at one end are in a non-magnetic isolation state, the rotor and the intermittent stator at the other end are in a magnetic isolation state. The rotor and the intermittent stator at both ends are always in a non-magnetic isolation state at one end and a magnetic isolation state at the other end. Specifically, it can be expressed as follows:

[0084] The working states of end A and end B satisfy the following conditions: when end A is in a non-magnetic isolation state, its corresponding electromagnetic clutch is disconnected, the first rotor 6 (1) and the intermittent stator 2 (1) remain relatively stationary due to the action of magnetic repulsion, and the rotor independently rotates to drive the transmission wheel to output power; when end B is in a magnetic isolation state, its corresponding electromagnetic clutch is closed, the rotor and the intermittent stator are mechanically locked and rotate synchronously, and the magnetic isolation layer blocks the magnetic flux path; the control system is configured to control end A and end B to alternately switch between magnetic isolation and non-magnetic isolation states to achieve continuous power output.

[0085] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of magnetic isolation state. Figure 2 It can be seen that there is a magnetic isolation layer 3 between the rotor 6 and the intermittent stator 2, and the rotor and the intermittent stator are in a magnetic isolation state.

[0086] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the non-magnetic isolation state. The figure shows that the rotor consists of two symmetrical sectors, with no magnetic poles in adjacent sectors. The rotor 6 and the intermittent stator 2 are aligned where they face each other, and there is no obstruction between the rotor and the intermittent stator. At this point, the rotor and the intermittent stator are in a non-magnetic isolation state.

[0087] Specific implementation method 2: reference Figure 4 , the control system of the present invention performs the following steps.

[0088] S1. The control system determines whether it has received a start command, enters the initial state judgment, and detects the current equipment fault level;

[0089] S2. If the fault level = 2 (device output power is reduced), the controller reduces the external transmission power and enters the compensator auxiliary drive mode;

[0090] S3. If the fault level = 3 (shutdown), the controller sends a shutdown signal;

[0091] S4. Fault level < 2: Enter the position detection process. The controller determines the relative position of the rotor and intermittent stator based on the feedback signal from the sensor to determine whether it meets the startup requirements.

[0092] S5. If the startup requirements are not met, the phase compensator is activated to perform relative position correction until the position meets the startup requirements.

[0093] S6. Meet the startup requirements and enter the startup state;

[0094] S7. Disconnect the electromagnetic clutch in the non-secondary isolation state and close the electromagnetic clutch in the magnetic isolation state;

[0095] S8. Calculate the closing time and opening time of the electromagnetic clutch based on the current speed, the response time of the electromagnetic clutch, and the angle at which the rotor needs to rotate;

[0096] S9. If the current speed is less than the fault threshold, proceed to S7;

[0097] S10. When the current speed is greater than or equal to the fault threshold, enter S5.

[0098] Among them, the fault levels include:

[0099] Level 1: When performing phase compensation, the generator is temporarily switched to drive mode for position calibration;

[0100] Level 2: When a single-end fault occurs, the non-fault end is used to maintain reduced power operation;

[0101] Level 3: Emergency shutdown is triggered when a double-end fault occurs.

[0102] Specific implementation method three: reference Figure 5-Figure 7 The present invention is used in new energy vehicles and forms a system with generators and power batteries to provide power for the entire vehicle. Figure 5 Under normal circumstances, the vehicle takes route 1. The vehicle controller sends a start signal. After the device completes self-inspection, it starts to work and drives the generator to rotate. At this time, the electric energy converted by the generator can be distributed according to the needs of the vehicle: (1) All the electric energy converted by the generator is stored in the power battery; (2) Part of the electric energy converted by the generator is supplied to the motor drive, and part of the electric energy is stored in the power battery.

[0103] Route 2 is used when a low-level fault or phase compensation is required. When phase compensation is required, the device sends a power request to the vehicle controller and adjusts the generator's control mode to drive mode. The vehicle controller then allows the power battery to supply power to the generator. After the position adjustment is complete, a start signal is sent to the vehicle controller, resuming route 1.

[0104] When a fault occurs, if the device only has a single-end fault, the device will send an electric energy demand to the vehicle controller and send a fault level 2 (device output power is reduced), and adjust the control mode of the generator to the drive mode, dragging the entire output shaft to rotate. When the non-fault end rotor and the intermittent stator are in a non-magnetic isolation state, a start signal is sent to the vehicle controller, and the control mode of the generator is adjusted to the power generation mode.

[0105] If a double-ended fault occurs, the device sends a fault level 3 (shutdown) to the vehicle controller and the device stops outputting.

[0106] Under normal circumstances, after completing a self-test, the device sends a start signal to the vehicle controller, which then selects to close either electromagnetic clutch 1 or electromagnetic clutch 2 based on demand. When electromagnetic clutch 1 is closed, the device only extends the range and does not directly participate in driving. When the vehicle's power demand exceeds a certain value, electromagnetic clutch 2 is closed, and the device directly participates in driving. The device provides a fixed power output and adjusts the motor's power to meet driving requirements.

[0107] In this application scenario, when only the extended-range mode is used, the control accuracy of the device is moderate, and the magnetic isolation layer can only use magnetic isolation materials as the magnetic isolation layer. Other devices are needed to adjust the coverage angle of the magnetic isolation area. The design goals are mainly based on high power, small size, and low speed. While ensuring normal operation, try to increase the interaction area between the rotor and the intermittent stator. For example, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is 1:2. Figure 6 This is a diagram of the non-magnetic isolation state, 1 is the intermittent stator, 2 is the rotor, and 3 is the magnetic isolation layer. Figure 7 This is a diagram of the magnetic isolation state. When one end of the device is in the magnetic isolation state, other devices are required to adjust the magnetic isolation layer to ensure that when the other end enters the magnetic isolation state, the rotor at that end and the intermittent stator are in a non-magnetic isolation state.

[0108] In hybrid mode, the control accuracy of the device is high. Depending on the specific needs, only magnetic isolation materials are selected as the magnetic isolation layer (lower energy consumption), or magnetic isolation materials and coils are selected as the magnetic isolation layer (higher energy consumption). The magnetic isolation layer is fixed and does not need to rotate. The design goals are mainly stability, high power, small size, and high speed. The magnetic isolation area and the non-magnetic isolation area are kept consistent as much as possible. For example, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is 1:1. Figure 2 is the magnetic isolation state diagram, Figure 3 This is the non-magnetic isolation state diagram.

[0109] Specific embodiment 4: This device is used for off-grid power generation or microgrid. Figure 8 The BMS sends a start signal, and after the device completes its self-test, it begins operation, driving the generator and storing the converted energy in the energy storage battery pack. The BMS can set a certain SOC as a margin. When the SOC reaches a certain value, the excess energy can be supplied to the grid. Under this operating condition, the design objectives are primarily high power and low speed. This is applicable to the device selected in the extended-range mode described in Specific Implementation 3.

[0110] Specific embodiment five: This device is used in industry. The main requirements for industrial motors are high speed, high torque, and strong stability. High torque corresponds to the extended-range mode of specific embodiment three and the device used in specific embodiment four, and strong stability corresponds to the device used in the hybrid mode of specific embodiment three. The high speed requirement also means that the interaction area between the rotor and the intermittent stator should be minimized. For example, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is 2:1. The magnetic isolation layer can only use magnetic isolation materials as the magnetic isolation layer, and other devices are needed to adjust the coverage angle of the magnetic isolation area. Figure 9 In magnetic isolation state, Figure 10 In the non-magnetic isolation state, 1 is the intermittent stator, 2 is the magnetic isolation layer, and 3 is the rotor. When one end of the device is in the magnetic isolation state, other devices are required to adjust the magnetic isolation layer to ensure that when the other end enters the magnetic isolation state, the rotor at that end and the intermittent stator are in the non-magnetic isolation state.

[0111] It should be noted that the above embodiments are preferred embodiments, and the relevant functional components can be replaced by other components. The units and modules involved are not necessarily required for the present invention. The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced.

[0112] The above is a detailed introduction to the multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet unidirectional drive device and control method provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0113] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "middle", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0114] In addition, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0115] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

Claims

1. A multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device, comprising an outer shell (1), an intermittent stator (2), a magnetic isolation layer (3), an intermittent stator fixing bracket (4), a rotor shaft (5), a rotor (6), a one-way rotation mechanism (7), an output wheel (8), an electromagnetic clutch (9), a transmission wheel (10), a phase compensator (11) and a control system (12), characterized in that: An outer shell (1) constituting an external supporting structure of the drive device; The intermittent stator (2) comprises a first intermittent stator and a second intermittent stator, which are respectively coaxially arranged with the first rotor and the second rotor; A magnetic isolation layer (3) is provided in the air gap between each rotor and the corresponding intermittent stator, selectively blocking or conducting the magnetic flux path between the rotor and the stator; An intermittent stator fixing bracket (4), serving as a bracket for the intermittent stator; a rotor shaft (5), connected to the rotor (6) and driving the rotor to rotate; The rotor (6) includes a first rotor and a second rotor, which are respectively arranged at the A end and the B end of the device; A one-way rotation mechanism (7) is connected to each intermittent stator to limit the intermittent stator to rotate in only one direction; The output wheel (8) is connected to the rotor shaft (5) and transmits the mechanical power generated inside the device to the outside to realize the driving function; An electromagnetic clutch (9) comprises a first clutch portion coaxially connected to the rotor (6) and a second clutch portion connected to the intermittent stator (2), and realizes mechanical coupling between the rotor (6) and the intermittent stator (2) in an energized state; A transmission wheel (10) is connected to the rotor (6) for outputting mechanical power to the outside; A phase compensator (11) configured to detect and correct the phase difference between the rotor and the intermittent stator in real time; The control system (12) is connected to the electromagnetic clutch (9), the magnetic isolation layer (3) and the phase compensator (11) for detecting and processing the fault level of the device and controlling the A end and the B end to alternately switch between the magnetic isolation state and the non-magnetic isolation state; The working states of the A end and the B end satisfy the following conditions: when one end is in a non-magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch (9) is disconnected, the rotor (6) and the intermittent stator (2) remain relatively stationary due to the action of magnetic repulsion, and the rotor (6) independently rotates to drive the transmission wheel (10) to output power; when the other end is in a magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch (9) is closed, the rotor (6) and the intermittent stator (2) are mechanically locked and rotate synchronously, and the magnetic isolation layer (3) blocks the magnetic flux path, thereby achieving continuous power output.

2. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic isolation layer comprises: a. a layer of high magnetic resistance material covering part or all of the magnetic pole area of the rotor or stator surface; and / or b. A dynamic adjustment unit, embedded in the high magnetoresistance material layer, responds to a control signal to change the local magnetic permeability to achieve dynamic reconstruction of the magnetic flux path.

3. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic isolation layer is composed of a high magnetoresistance material, and / or a composite magnetoresistance material, and / or a composite structure of one of these materials and a coil.

4. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation method of the magnetic isolation layer includes fixed installation or rotational adjustment installation according to the requirements of the use environment.

5. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic clutch is a multi-disc electromagnetic friction clutch, wherein the first clutch portion is integrated into the rotor shaft end, and the second clutch portion is slidingly connected to the intermittent stator bracket through a spline structure.

6. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way rotation mechanism includes a ratchet assembly fixed to the device housing; an overrunning clutch, the inner ring of which is interference-fitted with the intermittent stator shaft, and the outer ring is engaged with the ratchet assembly, limiting the intermittent stator to rotate only in a preset direction.

7. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase compensator includes: a Hall sensor array distributed around the circumference of the two rotors; a dynamic balancing algorithm module that calculates a phase compensation angle θ based on sensor signals and achieves phase synchronization by adjusting the activation timing of the magnetic isolation layer. The compensation angle θ satisfies: θ = k (Δφ / ω), where Δφ is the measured phase difference, ω is the rotor angular velocity, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

8. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system can be externally or internally located in the outer shell.

9. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system can be connected to the electromagnetic clutch, the magnetic isolation layer and the phase compensator signal in a wired or wireless manner.

10. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault levels include: Level 1: When performing phase compensation, the generator is temporarily switched to drive mode for position calibration; Level 2: When a single-end fault occurs, the non-fault end is used to maintain reduced power operation; Level 3: Emergency shutdown is triggered when a double-end fault occurs.

11. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system performs the following steps: S1. The control system determines whether it has received a start command, enters the initial state judgment, and detects the current device fault level; S2. If the fault level = 2 (single-ended fault, device output power is reduced), the controller sends a power reduction signal to the outside and enters the compensator auxiliary drive mode; S3. If the fault level = 3 (shutdown), the controller sends a shutdown signal; S4. If the fault level is less than 2: the controller enters the position detection process. The controller determines the relative position of the rotor and intermittent stator based on the feedback signal from the sensor to determine whether it meets the startup requirements. S5. If the startup requirements are not met, the phase compensator is activated to perform relative position correction until the position meets the startup requirements. S6. Meet the startup requirements and enter the startup state; S7. Disconnect the electromagnetic clutch in the non-magnetic isolation state and close the electromagnetic clutch in the magnetic isolation state; S8. Calculate the closing time and opening time of the electromagnetic clutch based on the current speed, the response time of the electromagnetic clutch, and the angle at which the rotor needs to rotate; S9. Determine that the current speed is less than the fault threshold and proceed to S7; S10. If the current speed is not less than the fault threshold, enter S5.

12. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power distribution strategy includes three distribution modes: The first distribution mode: all the electrical energy output by the generator is stored in the energy storage unit; Second distribution mode: Dynamically distribute electrical energy to driving loads and energy storage units; The third distribution mode: energy feedback control in reverse power supply mode.

13. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1 can be applied to: New energy vehicle power system, which forms a multi-mode drive architecture with motors and power batteries; Distributed power generation system, connecting generators and energy storage battery packs to achieve grid-connected, off-grid, on-grid and microgrid control; Industrial drive systems, providing electromechanical coupling solutions with variable torque output.

14. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that accomplish: First connection state: pure extended range power generation mode; Second connection state: direct drive auxiliary mode; The third connection state: composite drive mode.

15. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The coverage angle of the magnetic isolation layer is dynamically adjusted according to the working mode: In extended-range mode, the non-magnetic isolation area accounts for more than 50%; In hybrid mode, the magnetic isolation and non-magnetic isolation areas are approximately evenly distributed; In high speed mode, the magnetic isolation area accounts for more than 50%.

16. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The device is applied to on-grid or off-grid power generation or microgrid systems, connected to an energy storage battery pack and a power grid, and transmits excess electric energy to the power grid when the energy storage battery pack reaches a preset SOC value.

17. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: When the device is applied to the range-extending mode or distributed power generation system of a new energy vehicle power system, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 1:2, and the design goal is high power, small volume, and low speed.

18. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: When the device is applied to an industrial motor, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 2:1, and the design goal is strong stability, high speed and large torque.

19. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: When the device is applied to the hybrid mode of the new energy vehicle power system, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 1:

1. The design goal is stability, high power, small size and high speed.

20. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment of the magnetic isolation layer is achieved through an independent mechanical device or a drive module integrated in the control system to ensure synchronous control of the magnetic flux path when the two ends are alternately switched.

21. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising: A magnetic circuit status monitoring unit to detect the magnetic flux distribution of each phase in real time; and / or A thermal management subsystem that integrates a temperature-sensitive magnetic isolation layer regulation mechanism; and / or The fault prediction module predicts the life of the magnetic isolation layer and the degree of demagnetization of the permanent magnet based on historical data.

22. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission wheel (10) and the output wheel (8) are connected via gears, belts or chains to achieve multi-stage output of mechanical power.

23. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of rotor + intermittent stator groups is ≥ 2, and the ratio of rotor to intermittent stator is 1:1, which can be flexibly configured according to load requirements.

24. A permanent magnet drive control method, characterized in that: The device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, comprising: In the non-magnetic isolation stage, the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to be disconnected, and the magnetic repulsion between the rotor and the intermittent stator is used to drive the rotor to rotate in a single degree of freedom; In the magnetic isolation stage, the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to close and the magnetic isolation layer is activated, so that the rotor and the intermittent stator form a rigid connection and rotate synchronously; By alternately activating the magnetic isolation / non-magnetic isolation state of end A and end B, uninterrupted power output is achieved.

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