Fluidized bed flotation equipment and method based on combination of turbulence mineralization and static separation

Abstract

The invention relates to fluidized bed flotation equipment and method based on combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation, belongs to the technical field of mineral processing and resource recovery, and solves the problems of low flotation recovery rate and low energy utilization rate caused by incompatibility between energy input and each stage of flotation in the flotation process in the prior art. The device comprises a fluidized bed flotation column, the fluidized bed flotation column comprises a separation column body, a horn type feeding pipe and a plurality of built-in impellers, the small opening end of the horn type feeding pipe is tangentially connected with the separation column body, and the built-in impellers are arranged in the horn type feeding pipe; and the diameter of the built-in impeller is gradually changed along with the horn type feeding pipe. The diameter gradual change design of the horn-shaped feeding pipe and the built-in impeller effectively realizes the flow field design adaptive to mineralization and dispersion of coarse-grained materials, enhances the effective separation of coarse and fine grains and the effective collision of a medicament and the coarse grains, and improves the separation efficiency and the energy utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mineral processing and resource recovery, and in particular to a fluidized bed flotation device and method based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation. Background Art

[0002] With the gradual consumption of high-quality mineral resources, low-grade and complex mineral resources are increasing, the mineral selectivity is gradually deteriorating, and the traditional coarse-grained sorting equipment has a single structure and the flow field design is not suitable, which increases the difficulty of sorting.

[0003] Coarse-grained fluidized bed column separation technology is becoming a research focus due to its significant potential for reducing energy consumption and maximizing tailings recycling. Compared to traditional methods that rely on photoelectric separation and gravity separation to process bulk ore, fluidization technology utilizes precise control of gas and liquid flows to form a stable bed with clear density stratification. This continuously adjustable dynamic separation process tailors the separation requirements of materials with varying particle sizes and densities, making it possible to efficiently separate even millimeter-sized materials. This opens up new avenues for deep pre-selection and disposal of low-grade mineral resources.

[0004] Mineralization is an integral part of the flotation process. High turbulence intensity promotes the collision of bubbles with mineral particles and the spreading and modification of reagents on the particle surface. However, excessive turbulence during transport can cause flocs to desorb, impairing mineral flotation recovery and reducing separation efficiency. Therefore, creating a static environment during floc transport can improve the flotation efficiency of coarse-grained minerals. Furthermore, the volatility of the rising water flow can affect the stability of the material bed during fluidized separation, resulting in unclear density stratification of particles and compromised bed uniformity, thus deteriorating the fluidized bed separation environment for coarse-grained materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a coarse-grained material flotation device and method combining turbulent mineralization and static separation, so as to solve the problems of low flotation recovery rate and low energy utilization rate caused by the mismatch between energy input and each flotation stage in the existing flotation process.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a fluidized bed flotation equipment based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static sorting, including a fluidized bed flotation column, the fluidized bed flotation column including a sorting column, a trumpet-type feed pipe and a plurality of built-in impellers, the small mouth end of the trumpet-type feed pipe is tangentially connected to the sorting column, and the plurality of built-in impellers are arranged in the trumpet-type feed pipe, and the diameter of the built-in impeller gradually changes with the trumpet-type feed pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, there are multiple trumpet-shaped feed pipes, and the multiple trumpet-shaped feed pipes are evenly distributed around the sorting column.

[0008] Furthermore, the fluidized bed flotation column further comprises a rotary joint and a secondary feed pipe, and both the secondary feed pipe and the rotary joint are located in the separation column body.

[0009] Furthermore, one end of the secondary feeding pipe is connected to the trumpet-type feeding pipe through the rotary joint.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a water-gas unit connected to the sorting column.

[0011] Furthermore, the water-gas unit includes a first water tank, an air pump and a bubble generator, and the first water tank and the air pump are both connected to the bubble generator.

[0012] Furthermore, the bubble generator is connected to a water distribution plate provided in the sorting column.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a slurry unit connected to the separation column.

[0014] Furthermore, the slurry unit includes a slurry storage tank and a slurry delivery pipe, one end of the slurry delivery pipe is connected to the slurry storage tank, and the other end of the slurry delivery pipe is connected to the trumpet-type feeding pipe.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides a fluidized bed flotation method, which uses the above-mentioned fluidized bed flotation equipment and method based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation to perform sorting operations on coarse-grained materials.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The present invention provides a plurality of built-in impellers with variable diameters in the trumpet-type feed pipe. The diameter of the built-in impeller gradually changes with the trumpet-type feed pipe. The pumping energy is used to change the turbulent energy in the trumpet-type feed pipe in a step-by-step manner, so that the material is subjected to gradually strengthened turbulent disturbance during the feeding process, effectively overcoming the disadvantage that the coarse-grained material settles under the action of gravity during the feeding process. At the same time, the diameter gradient design of the built-in impeller is used to construct a shear centrifugal flow field compatible with the trumpet-type feed pipe. While applying high turbulent disturbance to the coarse-grained material to achieve dispersion, the local turbulent shear and centrifugation stimulated by the built-in impeller is used to achieve erosion and separation of the coarse-grained feed and the cover fine particles, thereby improving the sorting efficiency of the material in the subsequent static transportation stage and solving the inherent problems of the traditional sorting process being lengthy and low energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, based on the diameter gradient design of the trumpet-type feed pipe and the built-in impeller, a flow field design that is adapted to the mineralization and dispersion of the coarse-grained material is effectively realized, thereby strengthening the effective separation of coarse and fine particles and the effective collision of the reagent and the coarse particles, thereby improving the sorting efficiency and energy utilization rate.

[0018] (2) The gap of the grid of the damping flow stabilizing box of the present invention gradually decreases according to the height of the damping flow stabilizing box, so as to adapt to the working condition of the particle size distribution according to the height in the actual fluidized bed flotation process. The dispersion of materials in the separation column space of different heights can be controlled to achieve density grading of the bed layer, and a step-by-step distribution of material density in a microgravity environment can be constructed, which effectively realizes the "floating-gravity coupling" in the static transport stage of coarse particle sorting. With the help of multi-layer pressure difference flow velocity sensors and array-type adaptive damping flow stabilizing boxes, a fluidized static sorting environment under microgravity is constructed, which effectively realizes the stable sorting and process intensification of coarse particle materials under the microgravity field. The water velocity is blocked by the damping temperature flow box to achieve the flow stabilization effect of the fluidization process. At the same time, it can also inhibit the covering of fine-grained minerals on the surface of coarse-grained minerals to a certain extent, thereby strengthening the crushing of agglomerates.

[0019] (3) The trumpet-shaped feed pipe of the present invention serves as the first section of the feed pipe and is tangentially connected to the separation column. The secondary feed pipe serves as the second section of the feed pipe and is connected to the trumpet-shaped feed pipe through a rotary joint. The rotary joint can drive the secondary feed pipe to rotate, which dissipates the high turbulent kinetic energy of the slurry from the turbulent mineralization stage to a certain extent, thereby achieving an effective transition of the slurry energy adapted to the specific environment from the turbulent mineralization stage to the static transport stage, and dynamically responding to and regulating the selectivity properties of the slurry adapted to the coarse-grained material, thereby avoiding the problems of deterioration of flotation efficiency due to too short a sorting time for materials with poor selectivity and decreased sorting rate due to too long a sorting time for materials with good selectivity.

[0020] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and some advantages will become apparent from the description or be learned through practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like parts throughout the drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fluidized bed flotation device according to a specific embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top view of the fluidized bed flotation column of a specific embodiment;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the sorting column, trumpet-type feed pipe, built-in impeller, rotary joint and secondary feed pipe in a specific embodiment;

[0025] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the trumpet-shaped feed pipe and the edge trace of the built-in impeller in a specific embodiment;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of a damping flow stabilizing box according to a specific embodiment.

[0027] Reference numerals:

[0028] 100-Fluidized bed flotation column; 101-Separation column; 102-Trumpet-type feed pipe; 103-Built-in impeller; 104-Overflow weir; 105-Concentrate outlet; 106-Accident discharge outlet; 107-Tailing outlet; 108-Concentrate collection tank; 109-Differential pressure and velocity sensor; 110-Water distribution plate; 111-Connecting column; 112-Crossbar; 113-Swivel joint; 114-Secondary feed pipe; 200-Water and gas unit; 201-First water tank; 202-Air pump; 203-Bubble generator; 204-Water pipe; 205-Gas pipe; 206-Gas flowmeter; 207-Liquid flowmeter ;208-first centrifugal pump;209-air and water pipe;300-ore pulp unit;301-slurry storage tank;302-slurry delivery pipe;303-slurry pump;304-viscosity tester;400-water supply unit;401-second water tank;402-water supply pipe;403-second centrifugal pump;500-damping flow stabilizing box;501-flow stabilizing frame;502-grid;503-connecting rod;504-first side plate;505-second side plate;506-third side plate;507-fourth side plate;508-strip plate;509-outer sleeve;510-limiting column;511-drive motor;512-deflection motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A specific embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a fluidized bed flotation device based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation (hereinafter referred to as the "fluidized bed flotation device") is disclosed. The device is particularly suitable for the combined process of pre-crushing waste removal and separation of coarse-grained minerals, aiming to achieve an efficient and deep flotation process for coarse-grained minerals, thereby improving their flotation efficiency and recovery rate. The fluidized bed flotation device includes a fluidized bed flotation column 100, which includes a separation column 101, a trumpet-shaped feed pipe 102, and a built-in impeller 103. The small end of the trumpet-shaped feed pipe 102 is tangentially connected to the separation column 101. The built-in impeller 103 is disposed in the trumpet-shaped feed pipe 102. There are multiple built-in impellers 103, and the diameter of the built-in impeller 103 gradually changes with the trumpet-shaped feed pipe 102.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the fluidized bed flotation equipment provided in this embodiment is provided with a plurality of built-in impellers 103 with variable diameters in the trumpet-type feed pipe 102. The diameter of the built-in impeller 103 gradually changes with the trumpet-type feed pipe 102. The pumping energy is used to gradually change the turbulent energy in the trumpet-type feed pipe 102, so that the material is subjected to gradually strengthened turbulent disturbance during the feeding process, effectively overcoming the disadvantage that the coarse-grained material is settled under the action of gravity during the feeding process. At the same time, the diameter gradient design of the built-in impeller 103 is used to construct a shear centrifugal flow field adapted to the trumpet-type feed pipe 102, which is suitable for the coarse-grained material. While applying high turbulence disturbance to achieve dispersion, the local turbulent shear and centrifugation stimulated by the built-in impeller 103 are used to achieve erosion and separation of coarse-grained feed and cover fine particles, thereby improving the sorting efficiency of the material in the subsequent static transportation stage, and solving the inherent problems of lengthy traditional sorting processes and low energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, based on the diameter gradient design of the trumpet-type feed pipe 102 and the built-in impeller 103, the flow field design adapted to the mineralization and dispersion of coarse-grained materials is effectively realized, which enhances the effective separation of coarse and fine particles and the effective collision of reagents and coarse particles, providing a technical reference for low-carbon and high-efficiency production of the concentrator and the enhancement of the coarse-grained material feeding process.

[0033] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the inner diameter of the trumpet-shaped feeding tube 102 is determined by the trace equations of its upper and lower edges. The trace equation of the upper edge of the trumpet-shaped feeding tube 102 is:

[0034] y=A1*exp(-k1x)+B1 (1)

[0035] The equation of the lower edge trace of the trumpet-shaped feeding tube 102 is:

[0036] y=-A1*exp(-k1x)+B1 (2)

[0037] In formula (1) and formula (2), y represents the cross-sectional radius of the trumpet-type feeding tube 102; A1 is the amplitude of the simple harmonic function, which is generally selected from 0.4-0.6, preferably 0.5; k1 is the damping coefficient, which is generally selected from 0.3-0.4, preferably 0.35; x is the distance between the two end faces of the trumpet-type feeding tube 102; B1 is the initial amplitude of the simple harmonic function, which is generally set to 0.6-1.0, preferably 0.8.

[0038] It is worth noting that the diameter of the maximum end face S1 of the trumpet-type feed pipe 102 is 0.3m, and the axial length of the trumpet-type feed pipe 102 (i.e., the distance between the two end faces) is generally 0.8-1.2m, preferably 1.0m. According to the trace equation of the trumpet-type feed pipe 102, it can be calculated that the diameter of the minimum end face S2 is approximately 0.09m.

[0039] Preferably, there are 8 built-in impellers 103. The diameter of the built-in impeller 103 is generally 0.02-0.04m, preferably 0.03m. The radial length of the blade of each built-in impeller 103 is determined according to the upper edge trace equation:

[0040] The upper edge trace equation of the built-in impeller 103 is:

[0041] y=A2*exp(-k2x)+B2 (3)

[0042] The equation of the lower edge trace of the built-in impeller 103 is:

[0043] y=-A2*exp(-k2x)+B2 (4)

[0044] In formula (3) and formula (4), y represents the distance from the farthest point of the blade edge of the built-in impeller 103 to the center of the rotating shaft; A2 is the amplitude of the simple harmonic function, which is generally selected as 0.5-0.8 times of A1; k2 is the damping coefficient, k2>k1, preferably 0.5; x is the distance between the built-in impellers 103 at both ends; B2 is the initial amplitude of the simple harmonic function, which is generally set to 0.5-0.8 times of B2.

[0045] It should be noted that the edge trace of the internal impeller 103 refers to the line connecting the points of the blade edges of the coaxially arranged multiple internal impellers 103 that are farthest from the rotation axis. The upper edge and lower edge refer to the line connecting the farthest points above and below the rotation axis, respectively, when the line connecting the farthest points of the two blade edges of the internal impeller 103 is perpendicular to the rotation axis.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, there are multiple trumpet-type feeding pipes 102, and the multiple trumpet-type feeding pipes 102 are evenly distributed around the sorting column 101. Preferably, there are four trumpet-type feeding pipes 102, and the inlets of adjacent trumpet-type feeding pipes 102 are vertically oriented.

[0047] Preferably, the sorting column 101 adopts a cylindrical structure.

[0048] Considering the collection and discharge of concentrates and tailings, e.g. Figure 1 As shown, the top of the sorting column 101 is equipped with an overflow weir 104 and a concentrate outlet 105, and the bottom of the sorting column 101 is equipped with an emergency discharge outlet 106 and a tailings outlet 107. To facilitate ore discharge, the bottom of the sorting column 101 adopts a conical structure, with a cone angle generally ranging from 10-30°, preferably 15°. It is understood that the fluidized bed flotation column 100 also includes a concentrate collection tank 108, which is connected to the concentrate outlet 105 via a pipeline. The inner diameter of the sorting column 101 used for static sorting and conveying is generally 0.4-1.0m, preferably 0.7m. Considering the sorting rate and efficiency, the height of the upper cylindrical section of the sorting column 101 is generally 2-4 times its inner diameter, that is, 1.4-2.8m, preferably 2.1m. The tailings cone at the bottom of the sorting column 101 is generally set to a height of 0.5m. The upper part of the top overflow weir 104 is set 0.2m higher than the upper part of the sorting tank, and the inclination angle is generally set to 15-35 degrees. Considering increasing the discharge speed and suppressing the hole blocking phenomenon, it is preferably set to 25 degrees.

[0049] In order to monitor the speed and pressure distribution at different heights in the sorting column 101 during the sorting process, it is necessary to determine whether it is necessary to discharge the ore or adjust the equipment parameters, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, multiple differential pressure and velocity sensors 109 are installed at equal intervals from top to bottom within the sorting column 101. These differential pressure and velocity sensors 109 can be used to obtain the pressure and flow velocity at corresponding positions within the sorting column 101. Preferably, there are 4-8 differential pressure and velocity sensors 109. Considering that the damping stabilizing box 500 described below is arranged in three layers, the number of differential pressure and velocity sensors 109 is preferably 6.

[0050] Considering the water vapor transported to the separation column 101, Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed flotation equipment further includes a water-gas unit 200 , which includes a first water tank 201 , an air pump 202 and a bubble generator 203 . The first water tank 201 is connected to the bubble generator 203 via a water pipe 204 , and the air pump 202 is connected to the bubble generator 203 via an air pipe 205 .

[0051] Furthermore, if Figure 1As shown, the water-gas unit 200 further includes a gas flow meter 206 and a liquid flow meter 207. The gas flow meter 206 is provided on the gas pipe 205, and the liquid flow meter 207 is provided on the water pipe 204. The gas flow meter 206 and the liquid flow meter 207 assist in regulating the gas and water speeds. To provide power to the water in the first water tank 201, the water-gas unit 200 further includes a first centrifugal pump 208, which is provided on the water pipe 204.

[0052] It is understandable that in order to control the transportation and flow of water and gas, electric control valves are provided on the water pipe 204 and the gas pipe 205. For example, the electric control valves can be adjusted according to the readings and demand values of the gas flow meter 206 and the liquid flow meter 207 to regulate the transportation of water and gas.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, the water-gas unit 200 further includes an air-water pipe 209 , one end of which is connected to the bubble generator 203 , and the other end of which is connected to the water distribution plate 110 provided in the sorting column 101 .

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed flotation equipment further includes a pulp unit 300 , which includes a pulp storage tank 301 and a pulp delivery pipe 302 . One end of the pulp delivery pipe 302 is connected to the pulp storage tank 301 , and the other end of the pulp delivery pipe 302 is connected to the trumpet-type feed pipe 102 .

[0055] In order to provide power to the slurry in the slurry storage tank 301, Figure 1 As shown, the slurry unit 300 further includes a slurry pump 303, which is provided on the slurry pipe 302. A viscosity tester 304 is also provided on the slurry pipe 302 to obtain the viscosity of the slurry in the slurry pipe 302.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed flotation apparatus further includes a water supply unit 400, which includes a second water tank 401 and a water supply pipe 402. One end of the water supply pipe 402 is connected to the second water tank 401, and the other end of the water supply pipe 402 is connected to the trumpet-shaped feed pipe 102. It is understood that the water supply unit 400 further includes a second centrifugal pump 403, which is disposed on the water supply pipe 402 and, under the action of the second centrifugal pump 403, transports water in the second water tank 401 to the trumpet-shaped feed pipe 102.

[0057] Understandably, in order to control the transportation of slurry and supplementary water, electric control valves can be provided on the slurry pipe 302 and the supplementary water pipe 402 to control the opening and closing of the slurry pipe 302 and the supplementary water pipe 402.

[0058] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the fluidized bed flotation equipment further includes a damping stabilizing flow box 500, which is disposed in the sorting column 101. Preferably, the damping stabilizing flow box 500 is arranged in an array, with a total of three layers, and the damping stabilizing flow boxes 500 in the same layer are arranged at 90° intervals.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, the damping flow stabilization box 500 includes a flow stabilization frame 501, a grille 502, and a connecting rod 503. The grille 502 is evenly distributed with through holes. Multiple grilles 502 and connecting rods 503 are provided, with multiple grilles 502 arranged along the length of the connecting rod 503. The connecting rods 503 are connected to the flow stabilization frame 501 in two layers. The grilles 502 on the same connecting rod 503 are staggered vertically, with the grilles 502 on adjacent connecting rods 503 facing each other or staggered. Preferably, the grilles 502 are quasi-circular in structure, such as semicircular plates, to prevent shear flow.

[0060] In this embodiment, the grille 502 is driven by the connecting rod 503 so that the angle of the grille 502 can be adjusted to modulate the rising water flow, suppress the generation of radial velocity, avoid excessive turbulence, and construct a static environment suitable for bubble-particle separation.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, the flow stabilizing frame 501 includes a first side plate 504, a second side plate 505, a third side plate 506, and a fourth side plate 507, which are surrounded by the first side plate 504, the second side plate 505, the third side plate 506, and the fourth side plate 507 to form a rectangular frame. For example, the first side plate 504 and the second side plate 505 are parallel, and the third side plate 506 and the fourth side plate 507 are parallel. The ends of the connecting rod 503 are respectively rotatably connected to the first side plate 504 and the second side plate 505. The ends of the connecting rod 503 extend from the first side plate 504 and the second side plate 505, respectively. Multiple connecting rods 503 are evenly arranged along the length direction of the third side plate 506 or the fourth side plate 507, and the upper and lower connecting rods 503 are aligned vertically.

[0062] In order to make the connecting rod 503 drive the grille 502 to rotate adaptively, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, one end of the connecting rod 503 is provided with a strip plate 508, which is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 503. Under the action of the rising water flow, the connecting rod 503 is driven to rotate, thereby driving the grille 502 to rotate. Figure 5As shown, the damping stabilizing box 500 also includes an outer sleeve 509, which is perpendicular to the first side panel 504 and has one end connected to the outer side of the first side panel 504. One end of the connecting rod 503 extends through the outer sleeve 509 and is connected to the strip plate 508, which is adjacent to the end of the outer sleeve 509. To limit the rotation angle of the strip plate 508, a limit post 510 is provided at the end of the outer sleeve 509. The limit post 510 is located in the vertical direction and restricts the maximum rotation of the strip plate 508 from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction. It should be noted that the connecting rods 503 are independent of each other during adaptive rotation. In this embodiment, the strip plate 508 is used to achieve real-time dynamic control of the grille 502 based on rising water flow under low water speed and small range.

[0063] Preferably, the contour trace of the grid 502 staggered up and down on the connecting rod 503 conforms to the sinusoidal function The width A of the grille 502 is generally set to 0.01-0.03m, preferably 0.02m. The spacing d of the grille 502 is generally 2-4mm, preferably 3mm. The thickness of the grille 502 is generally 0.01-0.03m, preferably 0.02m. The length and width of the flow stabilization frame 501 are equal, N is generally 0.3m, the height M of the flow stabilization frame 501 is generally set to 0.1m, and the length L of the strip plate 508 is 0.08m. Considering that the connecting rod 503 can not only rotate adaptively but also control its rotation, the damping flow stabilization box 500 also includes a drive motor 511. The drive motor 511 is located on the outside of the second side plate 505 and can drive the connecting rod 503 to rotate. When the water speed in the sorting column 101 is greater than a preset value, the drive motor 511 is started to drive the connecting rod 503 to rotate, and the grille 502 arranged on the connecting rod 503 rotates synchronously. It should be noted that the connecting rods 503 on the same layer rotate synchronously.

[0064] In order to control the deflection of the flow stabilizing frame 501, the grid 502 in the damping flow stabilizing box 500 is deflected synchronously, such as Figure 5 As shown, the damping stabilizing box 500 further includes a deflection motor 512, the output shaft of which is connected to the stabilizing frame 501, specifically, the output shaft of the deflection motor 512 is connected to the third side plate 506. It is understandable that in order to install the damping stabilizing box 500 in the sorting column 101, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, a connecting post 111 is further provided in the sorting cylinder 101. The lower end of the connecting post 111 is connected to the inner wall of the bottom conical section of the sorting cylinder 101, and the upper end of the connecting post 111 extends upward to the top of the sorting cylinder 101. In order to increase the stability of the connecting post 111, as shown in FIG. Figure 2As shown, the top of the connecting column 111 is connected to the top of the sorting column 101 via a crossbar 112. For example, both ends of the crossbar 112 are connected to the top of the sorting column 101, and the top of the connecting column 111 is connected to the crossbar 112. A deflection motor 512 is connected to the connecting column 111. The operation of the deflection motor 512 drives the deflection of the flow stabilization frame 501. In this embodiment, the deflection motor 512 drives the flow stabilization frame 501 to rotate, achieving a roughly uniform radial distribution of the rising water velocity at the cross section. This, in conjunction with the grid 502, modulates the flow field within the cross section, creating a flow field environment suitable for static particle sorting.

[0065] It is worth noting that the gaps between the two layers of grating 502 within the damping stabilizing flow box 500 at different heights are different. Taking the gaps in the grating 502 of the second layer of the damping stabilizing flow box 500 as a benchmark, the gaps in the third layer are 50% of the second layer, and the gaps in the first layer are 200% of the second layer. In this embodiment, the gaps in the grating 502 of the damping stabilizing flow box 500 gradually decrease with the height of the damping stabilizing flow box 500 to adapt to the actual operating conditions of particle size distribution according to height during fluidized bed flotation. This can regulate the dispersion of materials within the space of the sorting columns 101 at different heights, thereby achieving density grading of the bed layer, constructing a graded material density distribution in a microgravity environment, and effectively realizing "floatation-gravity coupling" in the static transport stage of coarse particle sorting. This embodiment is based on the "floating-gravity" coupling control in the static transportation stage. With the help of multi-layer pressure difference flow velocity sensors and array-type adaptive damping flow stabilization boxes 500, a fluidized static sorting environment under microgravity is constructed, which effectively realizes the stable sorting and process intensification of coarse-grained materials under the microgravity field, and provides an innovative and reliable technical route for the discharge of waste and resource recovery before the crushing of coarse-grained materials in the concentrator.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Another specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows Figure 3 As shown, a fluidized bed flotation device based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation is disclosed. The difference from Example 1 is that the fluidized bed flotation column 100 further includes a rotary joint 113 and a secondary feed pipe 114. The secondary feed pipe 114 and the rotary joint 113 are both located within the separation column 101. One end of the secondary feed pipe 114 is connected to the trumpet feed pipe 102 via the rotary joint 113. Specifically, the trumpet feed pipe 102 serves as the first section of the feed pipe and is tangentially connected to the separation column 101. The secondary feed pipe 114 serves as the second section of the feed pipe and is connected to the trumpet feed pipe 102 via the rotary joint 113. The rotary joint 113 can drive the secondary feed pipe 114 to rotate, dissipating the high turbulent kinetic energy of the slurry from the turbulent mineralization stage to a certain extent, realizing an effective transition of the slurry energy adapted to the specific environment from the turbulent mineralization stage to the static transport stage, and avoiding the disturbance of the static sorting and transport environment of the fluidized bed by the tangential feed slurry flow.

[0068] The rotation angle of the rotary joint 113 can be used to establish the relationship between selectivity and rotation angle based on laboratory selectivity tests to control the material sorting speed and adjust the fluidized bed column sorting processing capacity. Specifically, the selectivity is obtained based on the kinetic constant k of the specific mineral in the laboratory coarse-grained fluidized flotation kinetics experiment, and then a preliminary rotation angle and kinetic constant relationship model is established: θ = a*k-θ0. a is the unit rotation angle, and θ0 is the rotation angle corresponding to the standard mineral; it should be noted that θ is bounded in actual conditions. When the kinetic constant k is large, θ is a positive value, and the secondary feed pipe 114 rotates upward to shorten the sorting time; when the kinetic constant k is small, θ is a negative value, and the secondary feed pipe 114 rotates downward to increase the sorting time of difficult-to-select minerals and improve the recovery rate. The initial position of the secondary feed pipe 114 is horizontal, and the upper limit of the upward or downward rotation angle is set to 45° to prevent excessive rotation angles from affecting the flow field environment.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] Another specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a fluidized bed flotation method, which uses the fluidized bed flotation equipment of Example 1 or Example 2, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Fluidized bed flotation column 100 inspection.

[0072] Confirm that the accident discharge port 106 is in a closed state to prevent accidental leakage of the mineral particles to be sorted. After a comprehensive inspection, the sorting process can begin.

[0073] Step 2: Add foaming agent to pre-fluidize the water.

[0074] The foaming agent (usually set to 10-20g / m 3 , adjusted according to the bubble dispersion conditions) is added to the first water tank 201, mixed with clean water, and then enters the interior of the separation column 101. The foaming agent generally includes pine oil (No. 2 oil), methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), and diethyl phthalate, among which pine oil (No. 2 oil) is preferred.

[0075] Open the pipeline valve of the first water tank 201, and allow the clean water to be pressurized and transported to the bubble generator 203 through the first centrifugal pump 208. At the same time, turn on the air pump 202 to transport gas to the bubble generator 203. When the high-speed flowing clean water (the speed can be adjusted between 2.0-8.0 m / s, depending on the properties of the feed) flows through the bubble generator 203, cavitation will occur due to the negative pressure in the throat, thereby generating micro-nano-sized bubbles. These bubbles then enter the bottom of the sorting column 101 through the water distribution plate 110, and diffuse from bottom to top in the entire space of the sorting column 101 along with the rising water flow.

[0076] After the bubbles are evenly dispersed in the space of the separation column 101, preparations for the fluidized bed column flotation stage begin.

[0077] Step 3: Slurry adjustment during the feeding stage of the turbulent mineralization zone.

[0078] Add collector (usually 200-800 g / m3) to the slurry storage tank 301. 3 , adjusted according to the specific sorting situation), the collectors generally include sodium ethyl xanthate, sodium isopropyl xanthate, sodium (potassium) butyl xanthate, sodium (potassium) isobutyl xanthate, etc., preferably sodium ethyl xanthate (ethyl xanthate). The slurry concentration can be set to 30-40% based on relevant research (adjusted according to the specific sorting situation and mineral properties). The feed is pressurized by the slurry pump 303 and fed into the trumpet-type feed pipe 102. According to the feedback signal of the viscosity tester 304, the amount of supplementary water entering the mineralized area through the supplementary water pipe 402 is controlled. The speed of the built-in impeller 103 in the mineralized area is set to be consistent. As the slurry is further transported from the wide end to the narrow end, the degree of turbulent mineralization gradually increases, and the feed enters the tangential feed structure to the narrow end.

[0079] Step 4: Slurry adjustment during flotation in the static transport area.

[0080] The slurry is discharged from the trumpet-type feed pipe 102 through the rotary joint 113 and the secondary feed pipe 114 into the sorting column 101 for sorting. The rotation angle of the rotary joint 113 can be used to establish the relationship between selectivity and rotation angle based on laboratory selectivity tests to control the material sorting speed and adjust the fluidized bed column sorting processing capacity.

[0081] During the sorting process, the rotation angle and pore distribution of the arrayed damping stabilizing boxes 500 are regulated based on the pressure differential and the signal from the velocity sensor 109. For example, when the rising water velocity is too low, the damping of the damping stabilizing boxes 500 can provide a certain degree of water velocity retardation. When the rising water velocity is too high, PID control of the rotation of the stabilizing boxes 501 and the angle of the internal grille 502 is used based on water velocity and pressure signal feedback to achieve directional retardation of the water flow. In other words, within a small range of water velocity, i.e., when the water velocity is below the threshold Vc, the strip plates 508 are adjusted to cause the rising water to hit the strip plates 508. The higher the water velocity, the greater the rotation angle of the strip plates 508, and the larger the area covered by the grille 502, thereby retard the rising water flow. When the water velocity exceeds the threshold Vc, the sensor monitoring signal is transmitted to the drive motor 511, which rotates the entire flow stabilization frame 501 and the connecting rods 503 to cover the grid 502 horizontally to the maximum extent possible, thereby blocking excessively high rising water flow. The damping flow stabilization box 500 is regulated by the flotation column hydrodynamic model and the flow stabilization box-water flow relationship model to achieve effective control of radial velocity. The hydrodynamic model equation is:

[0082]

[0083] Wherein, z is the height of the fluid in the sorting column 101, t is the time when the fluid reaches the height z, ρ is the density of the fluid, p is the pressure of the fluid at the height z, g is the acceleration of gravity, β is the damping coefficient, is the modulation term, v is the fluid velocity, v0 is the target flow velocity, f(u(z,t)) is the pulse signal of the water velocity fluctuation in the area when the flow stabilization box is rotated at a certain angle, and u(z,t) is the water velocity value in the area when the flow stabilization box is rotated at a certain angle.

[0084] The flow box-water flow relationship model includes the relationship between the flow box movement frequency f(v) and the flow velocity and the relationship between the grid 502 rotation angle θ(v) and the flow velocity.

[0085] The relationship between the movement frequency f(v) of the flow stabilization box and the flow velocity:

[0086] f(v)=k3·(v-v0)+k4·(v-v0) 3 (6)

[0087] Wherein, f(v) is the adjustment frequency of the flow stabilization box (such as vibration or rotation frequency), k3 is the linear coefficient, and k4 is the nonlinear coefficient, which are calibrated through experiments.

[0088] The relationship between the rotation angle θ(v) of the grid 502 and the flow rate is:

[0089]

[0090] Among them, θ max is the maximum allowable rotation angle, and Δv is the unit speed change.

[0091] This embodiment utilizes a multi-layer array structure design based on the static sorting and transport of adaptive damping stabilizing boxes 500. This achieves directional control of the rising water velocity, particle, bubble, and reagent interactions, and density stratification under microgravity fluidization during the fluidized bed sorting process for coarse-grained materials. The feed slurry is tangentially fed into the sidewall of the sorting column 101 through the small orifice end of the trumpet-shaped feed pipe 102. The rising water flow and bubbles pre-fluidize the coarse-grained material. Pressure differential and velocity sensors 109 arranged along the sidewall of the sorting column 101 provide feedback on water flow variation signals at different heights. When the water velocity exceeds a pre-set rising water flow threshold, the stabilizing box is controlled based on a model of the relationship between water velocity and stabilizing box motion frequency derived from laboratory testing. Control is discontinued when the rising water flow falls below the threshold. When the water flow velocity fluctuates slightly, the water velocity can be blocked according to the damping function of the flow stabilization box itself to achieve a steady flow effect in the fluidization process; when the water velocity fluctuates greatly, the rotation angle of the flow stabilization frame 501 and the grid 502 is controlled by the driving motor 511 and the deflection motor 512 to achieve precise control of the radial distribution of the rising water flow size. At the same time, it can also inhibit the covering of fine-grained minerals on the surface of coarse-grained minerals to a certain extent, thereby enhancing the crushing of agglomerates.

[0092] In this embodiment, the design of the coarse-grained pre-selection feeding structure based on the tangential feeding angle control of the transition section realizes the flexible adjustment of the sorting time of the coarse-grained material in the static sorting stage. Compared with the traditional fixed fluidized bed convection or bottom feeding method, it realizes the dynamic response and regulation of the selectivity properties of the coarse-grained material slurry, avoiding the problem of deterioration of flotation efficiency caused by too short sorting time for materials with poor selectivity and reduction of sorting rate caused by too long sorting time for materials with good selectivity. After turbulent mineralization and dispersion in the feeding stage, the material is fed tangentially into the fluidized bed. According to the material property analysis of the previous laboratory or concentrator, the adaptive selectivity evaluation parameters (contact angle θ, ore grade α, etc.) are set to calibrate the time required for the specific fluidized bed to sort the corresponding material. At the same time, the sorting information is transmitted to the PID signal for decision-making. After the response of the excitation motor, the precise adjustment of the tangential feeding direction is achieved by quantitatively controlling the rotation angle of the rotary joint 113.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fluidized bed flotation device based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fluidized bed flotation column (100), wherein the fluidized bed flotation column (100) comprises a separation column body (101), a trumpet-shaped feed pipe (102) and a plurality of built-in impellers (103), wherein the small-mouth end of the trumpet-shaped feed pipe (102) is tangentially connected to the separation column body (101), and the plurality of built-in impellers (103) are arranged in the trumpet-shaped feed pipe (102), and the diameter of the built-in impellers (103) gradually changes along with the trumpet-shaped feed pipe (102).

2. The fluidized bed flotation equipment based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are multiple trumpet-type feeding pipes (102), and the multiple trumpet-type feeding pipes (102) are evenly distributed around the sorting column (101).

3. The fluidized bed flotation equipment based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fluidized bed flotation column (100) further comprises a rotary joint (113) and a secondary feed pipe (114), and both the secondary feed pipe (114) and the rotary joint (113) are located in the separation column body (101).

4. The fluidized bed flotation equipment based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: One end of the secondary feeding pipe (114) is connected to the trumpet-type feeding pipe (102) via the rotary joint (113).

5. The fluidized bed flotation equipment based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It also includes a water-gas unit (200) connected to the sorting column (101).

6. The fluidized bed flotation equipment based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water-gas unit (200) comprises a first water tank (201), an air pump (202) and a bubble generator (203), wherein the first water tank (201) and the air pump (202) are both connected to the bubble generator (203).

7. The fluidized bed flotation equipment based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bubble generator (203) is connected to a water distribution plate (110) provided in the sorting column (101).

8. The fluidized bed flotation equipment based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation according to any one of claims 1-4, 6-7, characterized in that: It also includes a pulp unit (300) connected to the separation column (101).

9. The fluidized bed flotation equipment based on the combination of turbulent mineralization and static separation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The slurry unit (300) comprises a slurry storage tank (301) and a slurry delivery pipe (302), one end of the slurry delivery pipe (302) is connected to the slurry storage tank (301), and the other end of the slurry delivery pipe (302) is connected to the trumpet-type feed pipe (102).

10. A fluidized bed flotation method, characterized in that: Coarse-grained materials are sorted using the fluidized bed flotation equipment described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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