Green environment-friendly thermal insulation building material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and particularly discloses a green and environment-friendly thermal insulation building material and a preparation method thereof. The invention relates to a green environment-friendly thermal insulation building material, which comprises the following raw materials by weight: 20-30 parts of modified epoxy resin; 10 to 15 parts of polyurethane; 5 to 10 parts of flame-retardant vermiculite; 5 to 10 parts of kaolin; 6-10 parts of perlite powder; 8-12 parts of volcanic ash; 5-8 parts of asbestos; 5-8 parts of fly ash; 1-5 parts of a flame retardant; 5-10 parts of calcium carbonate; 3-6 parts of a heat stabilizer; 2-4 parts of a curing agent; and 100 to 150 parts of water. According to the heat-preservation and heat-insulation building material, the phosphorus-containing flame-retardant groups are grafted on the epoxy resin, and a phosphide film formed by heating phosphorus elements can effectively isolate oxygen and inhibit a combustion reaction, so that the flame-retardant property of the building material is effectively enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building materials, and more specifically, to a green, environmentally friendly, thermal insulation building material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With rising living standards, people's demands for housing quality are becoming increasingly stringent, and comfort has become a key pursuit in their lives. Against this backdrop, thermal insulation materials, as key components for enhancing residential comfort, are gaining increasing attention. High-quality insulation materials can maintain a stable temperature within a specific range, effectively minimizing temperature fluctuations. When controlled by auxiliary equipment such as air conditioning, the indoor temperature is adjusted to a comfortable human body temperature. Insulation materials can maintain this ideal temperature for extended periods, significantly improving living comfort and significantly reducing energy consumption. Currently, global thermal insulation materials are developing towards high efficiency, energy saving, thin layers, thermal insulation, and waterproof exterior protection. The development of new insulation materials and structural insulation energy-saving technologies emphasizes the targeted use of insulation materials, rigorously adhering to standard specifications for design and construction, and striving to improve insulation efficiency and reduce costs. However, existing insulation materials present numerous challenges. On the one hand, the material cost is relatively high, which to a certain extent limits its large-scale application; on the other hand, its thermal insulation performance is unsatisfactory and is easily affected by the environmental climate and wall deformation, making it difficult to effectively prevent indoor and outdoor heat transfer, especially in roof and wall buildings.

[0003] In the related art, for example, the patent application document with application number CN111548060A discloses a thermal insulation building material and a preparation method thereof. This technology relates to the field of building materials, and its raw materials include epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyurethane and other components. The prepared building material has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, a large heat storage coefficient and good thermal insulation performance. However, since some of the organic components used in the formula of this material, such as epoxy resin, phenolic resin, etc., have limited flame retardant properties, they are easy to burn when encountering high temperature or open flame, resulting in the problem of poor flame retardancy of the building material. This defect makes the building material face great safety hazards in actual application, which in turn limits its application in construction scenarios with high fire safety requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to enhance the flame retardant properties of thermal insulation building materials, the present application provides a green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] The green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material provided in this application adopts the following technical solutions: A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of modified epoxy resin; 10-15 parts of polyurethane; 5-10 parts of flame retardant vermiculite; 5-10 parts of kaolin; 6-10 parts perlite powder; 8-12 parts of volcanic ash; 5-8 parts asbestos; 5-8 parts fly ash; 1-5 parts of flame retardant; 5-10 parts of calcium carbonate; 3-6 parts of heat stabilizer; 2-4 parts of curing agent; 100-150 parts water; The modified epoxy resin is obtained by grafting phosphorus-containing flame retardant groups onto epoxy resin; The flame retardant vermiculite is obtained by surface treating the vermiculite and loading the vermiculite with flame retardant metal oxide nanoparticles.

[0006] By employing the above technical solution, kaolin, perlite powder, volcanic ash, and fly ash—mineral raw materials—all possess excellent thermal insulation properties. Their porous structure effectively prevents heat conduction, forming a thermal barrier. For example, the porous structure of perlite powder traps air, a poor conductor of heat, thereby reducing heat transfer within the material and improving thermal insulation. This material is obtained by grafting phosphorus-containing flame-retardant groups onto epoxy resin. During combustion, phosphorus forms an insulating phosphide film upon heating, which coats the surface of the material, preventing further oxygen from coming into contact with it. This effectively inhibits the combustion reaction and improves the material's flame retardancy. After pulverization, surface treatment, and loading with flame-retardant metal oxide nanoparticles, vermiculite, which inherently has certain thermal insulation properties, can better bond with the flame-retardant metal oxide nanoparticles after surface treatment. For example, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, under illumination, produce a photocatalytic effect that decomposes surrounding combustible gases, reducing the risk of combustion. At the same time, the composite structure formed by vermiculite and nanoparticles further enhances the heat barrier ability and improves the thermal insulation performance of the material.

[0007] Optionally, the modified epoxy resin is prepared by the following method: A. Mixing epoxy resin, phosphorus-containing flame retardant and xylene to obtain a premixed liquid; B. Add triethylamine to the premixed solution, raise the temperature to 85-105°C under nitrogen protection, react at a stirring speed of 200-300 r / min for 2-4 hours, filter, wash, and finally dry in a vacuum drying oven at 50-60°C to constant weight to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0008] By employing the above technical solution, using toluene as the solvent, the epoxy resin and phosphorus-containing flame retardant are fully dissolved and mixed. The molar ratio of epoxy resin to phosphorus-containing flame retardant is controlled to effectively graft the phosphorus-containing flame retardant groups. Triethylamine catalyzes the reaction, promoting the forward reaction under nitrogen protection and a specific temperature and stirring speed, thereby improving grafting efficiency. Post-reaction vacuum distillation, washing, and drying steps remove impurities, ensuring the purity and quality of the modified epoxy resin and enabling it to better exert its flame retardant properties.

[0009] Optionally, in step A, the mass ratio of epoxy resin, phosphorus-containing flame retardant and xylene is 10:2:15.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution and maintaining the appropriate mass ratio of epoxy resin, phosphorus-containing flame retardant, and xylene, the raw materials are fully contacted in the reaction system, avoiding incomplete reaction or product performance fluctuations caused by improper ratios. The appropriate ratio helps the phosphorus-containing flame retardant to be evenly grafted onto the epoxy resin, ensuring the stability of the flame retardant properties of the modified epoxy resin, and providing stable and reliable flame retardant properties for building materials.

[0011] Optionally, the amount of triethylamine added in step B is 1%-2% of the mass of the epoxy resin.

[0012] By employing the above technical solution, triethylamine, when used as a catalyst within a 1%-2% addition range, effectively reduces the reaction activation energy and promotes the grafting reaction between epoxy resin and phosphorus-containing flame retardant. A moderate amount of triethylamine ensures efficient reaction without excessive residue in the product, which could affect the properties of the modified epoxy resin. This ensures the quality and stability of the modified epoxy resin.

[0013] Optionally, the flame retardant vermiculite is prepared by the following method: The vermiculite powder is crushed into 100-200 mesh to obtain vermiculite powder, and then the vermiculite powder is placed in a silane coupling agent solution with a mass fraction of 5%-10%, stirred and soaked at 40-50° C. for 2-3 hours for surface treatment, and then mixed with a flame retardant metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 0.1-0.3 mol / L, ultrasonically stirred for 1-2 hours, and then centrifuged, washed with water, and vacuum dried at 60-70° C. for 3-4 hours to obtain the product.

[0014] By employing this technical solution, vermiculite is pulverized and surface-treated to increase its specific surface area and enhance its binding ability with flame-retardant metal oxide nanoparticles. Treatment with a silane coupling agent solution forms active groups on the vermiculite surface, facilitating binding with the flame-retardant metal oxide nanoparticles. Ultrasonic stirring and mixing ensures a uniform loading of the nanoparticles on the vermiculite surface, enhancing the flame retardant effect. Subsequent centrifugation, washing, and drying steps remove impurities and ensure the quality of the flame-retardant vermiculite.

[0015] Optionally, the flame retardant metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion is antimony trioxide nanoparticle dispersion.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, antimony trioxide nanoparticles have a unique crystal structure and chemical properties. When heated, they can decompose to produce inert gas, isolate oxygen, and at the same time promote the formation of a dense carbon layer on the surface of vermiculite, preventing the transfer of heat and oxygen. It works synergistically with the inherent properties of vermiculite to effectively improve the flame retardant effect of flame retardant vermiculite and enhance the fire safety of building materials.

[0017] Optionally, the power of the ultrasonic stirring is 200-300 W and the frequency is 40-60 kHz.

[0018] By employing this technical solution, under an ultrasonic environment with a power of 200-300W and a frequency of 40-60kHz, the cavitation effect and mechanical vibration effectively disperse the flame-retardant metal oxide nanoparticles, evenly loading them onto the vermiculite surface and preventing nanoparticle agglomeration. This uniform loading of nanoparticles stabilizes the flame retardant properties of the vermiculite, ensuring that the building material exhibits excellent flame retardancy and thermal insulation properties across different locations and usage conditions.

[0019] This application also provides a method for preparing a green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material, which adopts the following technical solution: A method for preparing a green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material comprises the following steps: S1. Add modified epoxy resin and polyurethane into a reactor, stir and mix at 70-80°C and 250-350 r / min for 1-2 hours; then add kaolin, perlite powder, volcanic ash, asbestos, fly ash, and calcium carbonate in sequence, raise the temperature to 80-90°C, and continue stirring and mixing at 350-450 r / min for 1-3 hours to obtain a mixture; S2. Add flame retardant, heat stabilizer and water to the above mixture, stir for 1-2 hours, then add curing agent, stir for 1-2 hours and inject into the mold, and cure at 110-130℃ and 6-8MPa for 3-5 hours to obtain green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building materials.

[0020] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. This application grafts phosphorus-containing flame retardant groups onto epoxy resin. The phosphide film formed when phosphorus is heated can effectively isolate oxygen and inhibit the combustion reaction. The polyurethane contains a branched flame retardant structure. The hydrogen halide gas generated by the decomposition of the alkyl halide can interrupt the combustion chain reaction. Flame retardant vermiculite-loaded flame retardant metal oxide nanoparticles, such as antimony trioxide nanoparticles, decompose when heated to produce inert gas and promote the formation of a carbon layer. The synergistic effect of multiple flame retardant ingredients significantly enhances the flame retardant properties of building materials and reduces the risk of fire.

[0021] 2. This application utilizes the porous structure of mineral raw materials such as kaolin, perlite powder, volcanic ash, and fly ash to capture air. Air, a poor conductor of heat, effectively blocks heat conduction. The processed flame-retardant vermiculite forms a composite structure with nanoparticles, further enhancing its heat barrier capability, enabling the material to better maintain stable indoor temperatures, reduce energy consumption, and enhance living comfort. Thermal stabilizers inhibit material performance degradation during high temperatures or long-term use, capturing free radicals to prevent degradation reactions. Curing agents promote cross-linking of the raw materials to form a three-dimensional network structure, ensuring the material's stable physical form and mechanical properties, thereby extending its service life.

[0022] 3. The building materials of this application rationally utilize industrial waste such as fly ash as raw materials, which reduces material costs, realizes resource utilization of waste, reduces environmental pollution, complies with the concept of green environmental protection, and is conducive to large-scale promotion and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0024] Preparation example of modified epoxy resin Preparation Example 1 The modified epoxy resin is prepared by the following method: A. 10 kg epoxy resin, 2 kg 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and 15 kg xylene are mixed to obtain a premix; B. Add 0.1 kg to the premixed solution, raise the temperature to 85°C under nitrogen protection, react at a stirring speed of 200 r / min for 2 hours, remove insoluble impurities by filtration, wash the product with deionized water several times, and then place the product in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C and dry it to constant weight to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0025] Preparation Example 2 The modified epoxy resin is prepared by the following method: A. 10 kg epoxy resin, 2 kg 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and 15 kg xylene are mixed to obtain a premix; B. Add 0.15 kg to the premixed solution, raise the temperature to 95 ° C under nitrogen protection, react at a stirring speed of 250 r / min for 3 hours, remove insoluble impurities by filtration, wash the product with deionized water several times, and then place the product in a vacuum drying oven at 55 ° C to constant weight to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0026] Preparation Example 3 The modified epoxy resin is prepared by the following method: A. 10 kg epoxy resin, 2 kg 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and 15 kg xylene are mixed to obtain a premix; B. Add 0.2 kg to the premixed solution, raise the temperature to 105 ° C under nitrogen protection, react at a stirring speed of 300 r / min for 4 hours, remove insoluble impurities by filtration, wash the product with deionized water several times, and then place the product in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ° C to constant weight to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0027] Preparation example of flame retardant vermiculite Preparation Example 4 Flame retardant vermiculite is prepared by the following method: 1. Grind vermiculite to 100 mesh to obtain vermiculite powder, then add 5 kg of vermiculite powder into a 5% by mass silane coupling agent solution, stir and soak at 40°C for 2 hours for surface treatment, and after the treatment is completed, add 1 kg of 0.1 mol / L antimony trioxide nanoparticle dispersion to obtain a mixed solution; 2. The mixed solution was stirred under ultrasonic conditions of 200 W power and 40 kHz frequency for 1 hour, then centrifuged to remove the supernatant, washed with deionized water, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60°C for 3 hours to obtain flame retardant vermiculite.

[0028] Preparation Example 5 Flame retardant vermiculite is prepared by the following method: 1. Grind vermiculite to 150 mesh to obtain vermiculite powder, then add 5 kg of vermiculite powder into 8% by mass silane coupling agent solution, stir and soak at 45 ° C for 2.5 hours for surface treatment, and after the treatment is completed, add 1 kg of 0.2 mol / L antimony trioxide nanoparticle dispersion to obtain a mixed solution; 2. The mixed solution was stirred under ultrasonic conditions of 250 W power and 50 kHz frequency for 1.5 h, then centrifuged to remove the supernatant, washed with deionized water, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 65°C for 3.5 h to obtain flame retardant vermiculite.

[0029] Preparation Example 6 Flame retardant vermiculite is prepared by the following method: 1. Grind vermiculite to 200 mesh to obtain vermiculite powder, then add 5 kg of vermiculite powder into a 10% by mass silane coupling agent solution, stir and soak at 50°C for 3 hours for surface treatment, and after the treatment is completed, add 1 kg of 0.3 mol / L antimony trioxide nanoparticle dispersion to obtain a mixed solution; 2. The mixed solution was stirred under ultrasonic conditions of 300 W power and 60 kHz frequency for 2 h, then centrifuged to remove the supernatant, washed with deionized water, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70°C for 4 h to obtain flame retardant vermiculite.

[0030] Example Example 1 A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material, whose raw material components and amounts are shown in Table 1, wherein the molecular weight of the polyurethane is 8000-10000; the flame retardant is melamine polyphosphate; the heat stabilizer is dibutyltin dilaurate; the curing agent is ethylenediamine; the modified epoxy resin is the modified epoxy resin prepared in Preparation Example 1; and the flame retardant vermiculite is the flame retardant vermiculite prepared in Preparation Example 4.

[0031] A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material is prepared by the following method: S1. Add modified epoxy resin and polyurethane into a reactor, stir and mix at 70°C and 250 r / min for 1 h; then add kaolin, perlite powder, volcanic ash, asbestos, fly ash, and calcium carbonate in sequence, heat to 80°C, and continue stirring and mixing at 350 r / min for 1 hour to obtain a mixture; S2. Add flame retardant, heat stabilizer and water to the above mixture, stir for 1 hour, then add curing agent, stir for 1 hour and inject into the mold, and cure at 110°C and 6MPa for 3 hours to obtain green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building materials.

[0032] Example 2 A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material, whose raw material components and amounts are shown in Table 1, wherein the molecular weight of the polyurethane is 8000-10000; the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide; the heat stabilizer is dibutyltin dilaurate; the curing agent is ethylenediamine; the modified epoxy resin is the modified epoxy resin prepared in Preparation Example 2; and the flame retardant vermiculite is the flame retardant vermiculite prepared in Preparation Example 4.

[0033] A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material is prepared by the following method: S1. Add modified epoxy resin and polyurethane into a reactor, stir and mix at 75°C and 300 r / min for 1.5 h; then add kaolin, perlite powder, volcanic ash, asbestos, fly ash, and calcium carbonate in sequence, raise the temperature to 85°C, and continue stirring and mixing at 400 r / min for 2 h to obtain a mixture; S2. Add flame retardant, heat stabilizer and water to the above mixture, stir for 1.5 hours, then add curing agent, stir for 1.5 hours and inject into the mold, and cure at 120°C and 7MPa for 4 hours to obtain green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building materials.

[0034] Example 3 A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material, whose raw material components and amounts are shown in Table 1, wherein the molecular weight of the polyurethane is 8000-10000; the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide; the heat stabilizer is a calcium zinc stabilizer; the curing agent is ethylenediamine; the modified epoxy resin is the modified epoxy resin prepared in Preparation Example 4; and the flame retardant vermiculite is the flame retardant vermiculite prepared in Preparation Example 4.

[0035] A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material is prepared by the following method: S1. Add modified epoxy resin and polyurethane into a reactor, stir and mix at 80°C and 350 r / min for 2 h; then add kaolin, perlite powder, volcanic ash, asbestos, fly ash, and calcium carbonate in sequence, raise the temperature to 90°C, and continue stirring and mixing at 450 r / min for 3 h to obtain a mixture; S2. Add flame retardant, heat stabilizer and water to the above mixture, stir for 2 hours, then add curing agent, stir for 2 hours and inject into the mold, and cure at 130°C and 8MPa for 5 hours to obtain green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building materials.

[0036] Table 1 Raw material components and dosage in Examples 1-3 (kg) Example 4 A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material is provided. The difference from Example 1 is that the flame retardant vermiculite in this example is the modified vermiculite prepared in Preparation Example 5.

[0037] Example 5 A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material is provided. The difference from Example 1 is that the flame retardant vermiculite in this example is the modified vermiculite prepared in Preparation Example 6.

[0038] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material is different from Example 1 in that an equal amount of ungrafted epoxy resin is used in this comparative example to replace the modified epoxy resin in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 2 A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material is provided. The difference from Example 1 is that an equal amount of unsurface-treated vermiculite is used in this comparative example to replace the flame-retardant vermiculite in Example 4.

[0040] Comparative Example 3 A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material is provided. The difference from Example 1 is that no perlite powder is added in this embodiment.

[0041] Performance testing 1. Flame retardant performance test A vertical combustion test (UL94 vertical combustion test) was used. Prepared building material samples were sized to the specified dimensions (125 mm × 13 mm × 5 mm) and secured to a sample holder with the longitudinal axis at a 45° angle to the horizontal. A Bunsen burner (flame height 20 mm ± 2 mm) was applied to the center of the sample's bottom for 10 seconds. After removing the flame, the burning time, the presence of molten droplets, and whether the droplets ignited the absorbent cotton were recorded. Based on the sample's combustion behavior, its flame retardancy rating was assessed according to the UL94 standard, with grades such as V-0, V-1, and V-2 indicating improved flame retardancy. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0042] 2. Thermal insulation performance test The thermal conductivity of a material is determined using a heat flow meter. Using a thermal conductivity meter, the sample is processed into a flat plate of appropriate dimensions (typically 300 mm x 300 mm x thickness). The sample is then mounted in the instrument's test area, ensuring close contact between the hot and cold plates. A temperature difference is set between the hot and cold plates (e.g., 20°C). After the system stabilizes, the heat flow through the sample is measured, and the thermal conductivity of the material is calculated using Fourier's law. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the material's thermal insulation properties. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 2 Test results Examples 1-5 all achieved a V-0 rating, thanks to the synergistic effect of multiple flame-retardant ingredients. The phosphorus-containing flame-retardant groups grafted onto the modified epoxy resin form a phosphide film upon heating, isolating the material from oxygen. The alkyl halide in the polyurethane's branched flame-retardant structure decomposes to produce hydrogen halide, interrupting the combustion chain reaction. The antimony trioxide nanoparticles supported by the flame-retardant vermiculite decompose upon heating to produce inert gas and promote the formation of a char layer.

[0044] Comparative Example 1, which uses ungrafted epoxy resin, achieves a flame retardancy rating of only V-2, demonstrating that grafting phosphorus-containing flame retardant groups onto epoxy resin is crucial for improving flame retardancy. Ungrafted epoxy resin has limited flame retardancy and cannot effectively prevent combustion. Comparative Example 2, which uses untreated vermiculite, achieves a flame retardancy rating of V-1, demonstrating that surface treatment and nanoparticle loading significantly enhance flame retardancy, while untreated vermiculite cannot fully exert its flame retardant properties. Although Comparative Example 3 lacks perlite powder, it still achieves a V-0 rating due to the effects of other flame retardant ingredients, indicating that perlite powder primarily affects thermal insulation performance and has relatively little impact on flame retardancy.

[0045] The thermal conductivity of Examples 1-5 is between 0.040-0.045W / (m・K), which is a relatively low value, reflecting good thermal insulation performance. This is because the porous structure of mineral raw materials such as kaolin, perlite powder, volcanic ash and fly ash captures air and prevents heat conduction. The composite structure formed by the flame-retardant vermiculite and nanoparticles after treatment further enhances the thermal insulation capacity. The thermal conductivity of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is 0.055W / (m・K) and 0.050W / (m・K), respectively, which is higher than that of the embodiment. The unmodified epoxy resin in Comparative Example 1 may have affected the overall structure, resulting in a decrease in thermal insulation performance; the unsurface-treated vermiculite in Comparative Example 2 cannot effectively cooperate with the nanoparticles, weakening the thermal insulation effect. Comparative Example 3 does not add perlite powder, and the thermal conductivity rises to 0.050W / (m・K), indicating that perlite powder plays an important role in the thermal insulation performance of the material, and its porous structure contributes significantly to reducing the thermal conductivity.

[0046] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 20-30 parts of modified epoxy resin; 10-15 parts of polyurethane; 5-10 parts of flame retardant vermiculite; 5-10 parts of kaolin; 6-10 parts perlite powder; 8-12 parts of volcanic ash; 5-8 parts asbestos; 5-8 parts fly ash; 1-5 parts of flame retardant; 5-10 parts of calcium carbonate; 3-6 parts of heat stabilizer; 2-4 parts of curing agent; 100-150 parts water; The modified epoxy resin is obtained by grafting phosphorus-containing flame retardant groups onto epoxy resin; The flame retardant vermiculite is obtained by surface treating the vermiculite and loading the vermiculite with flame retardant metal oxide nanoparticles.

2. A green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified epoxy resin is prepared by the following method: A. Mixing epoxy resin, phosphorus-containing flame retardant and xylene to obtain a premixed liquid; B. Add triethylamine to the premixed solution, raise the temperature to 85-105°C under nitrogen protection, react at a stirring speed of 200-300 r / min for 2-4 hours, filter, wash, and finally dry in a vacuum drying oven at 50-60°C to constant weight to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

3. The green, environmentally friendly, thermal insulation building material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step A, the mass ratio of epoxy resin, phosphorus-containing flame retardant and xylene is 10:2:

15.

4. The green, environmentally friendly, thermal insulation building material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The amount of triethylamine added in step B is 1%-2% of the mass of the epoxy resin.

5. The green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant vermiculite is prepared by the following method: The vermiculite powder is crushed into 100-200 mesh to obtain vermiculite powder, and then the vermiculite powder is placed in a silane coupling agent solution with a mass fraction of 5%-10%, stirred and soaked at 40-50° C. for 2-3 hours for surface treatment, and then mixed with a flame retardant metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 0.1-0.3 mol / L, ultrasonically stirred for 1-2 hours, and then centrifuged, washed with water, and vacuum dried at 60-70° C. for 3-4 hours to obtain the product.

6. The green, environmentally friendly, thermal insulation building material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flame retardant metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion is antimony trioxide nanoparticle dispersion.

7. The green, environmentally friendly, thermal insulation building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power of the ultrasonic stirring is 200-300W, and the frequency is 40-60kHz.

8. A method for preparing a green, environmentally friendly, thermal insulation building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Add modified epoxy resin and polyurethane into a reactor, stir and mix at 70-80°C and 250-350 r / min for 1-2 hours; then add kaolin, perlite powder, volcanic ash, asbestos, fly ash, and calcium carbonate in sequence, raise the temperature to 80-90°C, and continue stirring and mixing at 350-450 r / min for 1-3 hours to obtain a mixture; S2. Add flame retardant, heat stabilizer and water to the above mixture, stir for 1-2 hours, then add curing agent, stir for 1-2 hours and inject into the mold, and cure at 110-130℃ and 6-8MPa for 3-5 hours to obtain green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation building materials.

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