Excavator heat dissipation control method and system based on environment temperature and working conditions

Abstract

The invention discloses an excavator heat dissipation control method and system based on environment temperature and operation working conditions. The excavator heat dissipation control method comprises the steps that S1, the operation working conditions of an excavator are divided into five working conditions including the super-heavy load working condition, the heavy load working condition, the medium load working condition, the light load working condition and the super-light load working condition; s2, the external environment temperature is divided into 10 gears; s3, according to the environment temperature and the operation working condition, the heat dissipation requirement is divided into 10 gears; s4, the rotating speed of the cooling fan is adjusted according to the cooling requirement gear, so that the cooling requirement is accurately matched with the rotating speed of the cooling fan; and S5, whether the temperature of the working medium in the excavator is larger than a high-temperature threshold value or not is judged, if yes, heat dissipation is conducted according to the corresponding heat dissipation fan rotating speed obtained through the heat balance test, and if not, heat dissipation is conducted according to the actual heat dissipation requirement gear standard. The problem of heat dissipation redundancy caused by single parameter control is solved, and dynamic matching of the rotating speed of the fan and the composite heat dissipation requirement is achieved. And the energy consumption under the low-load working condition and the cold environment is reduced, and the risk of insufficient heat dissipation under the high-temperature heavy-load working condition is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of heat dissipation control of engineering machinery, and in particular to a heat dissipation control method and system for an excavator based on ambient temperature and operating conditions. Background Art

[0002] As an important piece of engineering machinery, the energy consumption of the excavator's cooling system has always been a focus of attention. Traditional excavator cooling systems usually use a single temperature-fan speed linear control method, and this control method has obvious technical defects. First, the existing technology fails to fully consider the impact of the external ambient temperature on the heat dissipation effect. Under actual working conditions, changes in the external ambient temperature will significantly affect the heat dissipation capacity of the air. The same fan speed in a low temperature environment will produce excessive heat dissipation, resulting in unnecessary energy waste. Secondly, the existing control method ignores the differences in heat dissipation requirements of the excavator under different operating conditions. There is a significant difference in the heat generated by the excavator under heavy load and light load conditions, but the traditional control method uses the same fan speed under the same temperature conditions, resulting in the problem of excessive heat dissipation capacity under light load conditions.

[0003] More specifically, existing technologies suffer from the following technical deficiencies: Regarding ambient temperature adaptability, traditional control methods fail to establish a corresponding relationship between ambient temperature and heat dissipation requirements, making it impossible to dynamically adjust heat dissipation strategies based on ambient temperature changes. Regarding operating condition adaptability, they lack a mechanism for accurately identifying and classifying excavator operating conditions, making it difficult to implement differentiated heat dissipation control for different operating conditions. Regarding control accuracy, a single linear control relationship makes it difficult to precisely match heat dissipation requirements with fan speed, often leading to overheating. These issues not only increase energy consumption in the cooling system but also shorten the equipment's lifespan due to the fan's prolonged high-speed operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and operating conditions, which has the advantages of improving heat dissipation efficiency, reducing energy consumption and extending equipment service life.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A heat dissipation control method for an excavator based on ambient temperature and operating conditions, comprising: S1, dividing the operating conditions of the excavator into five conditions: overload, heavy load, medium load, light load, and ultra-light load; S2, dividing the external ambient temperature into 10 gears; S3, dividing the heat dissipation demand into 10 gears according to the ambient temperature and the operating conditions; S4, adjusting the speed of a cooling fan according to the heat dissipation demand gear to accurately match the heat dissipation demand with the heat dissipation fan speed; S5, judging whether the temperature of a working medium in the excavator is greater than a high temperature threshold; if so, dissipating the heat at a corresponding cooling fan speed obtained from a thermal balance test; if not, dissipating the heat at an actual heat dissipation demand gear standard.

[0006] Preferably, step S1 includes: identifying the operating condition of the excavator based on the average value of the engine torque percentage, specifically: when the average value of the engine torque percentage is less than 50%, the operating condition of the excavator is ultra-light load; when the average value of the engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 60%, the operating condition of the excavator is light load; when the average value of the engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 60% and less than 70%, the operating condition of the excavator is medium load; when the average value of the engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 70% and less than 80%, the operating condition of the excavator is heavy load; when the average value of the engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 80%, the operating condition of the excavator is super-heavy load.

[0007] Preferably, step S2 includes: collecting the vehicle temperature signal of the excavator through the vehicle controller and analyzing and calculating the temperature signal according to a preset algorithm to obtain the current ambient temperature value and identify the ambient temperature gear, specifically: when the ambient temperature is less than -40°C, the ambient temperature gear is gear 1; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -40°C and less than -30°C, the ambient temperature gear is gear 2; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -30°C and less than -20°C, the ambient temperature gear is gear 3; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -20°C and less than -10°C, the ambient temperature gear is gear 4. The temperature gear is 4; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -10℃ and less than 0℃, the ambient temperature gear is 5; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 0℃ and less than 10℃, the ambient temperature gear is 6; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 10℃ and less than 20℃, the ambient temperature gear is 7; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 20℃ and less than 30℃, the ambient temperature gear is 8; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 30℃ and less than 40℃, the ambient temperature gear is 9; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 40℃, the ambient temperature gear is 10.

[0008] Preferably, step S3 includes: the judgment criteria of the 10 gears of heat dissipation demand are: heat dissipation demand gear 1: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is gears 1-3; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is gears 1-2; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is gear 1; heat dissipation demand gear 2: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is gears 4; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is gears 3; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is gears 2; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is gear 1; heat dissipation demand gear 3: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is gears 5; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is gears 4; when the operating condition is Medium load, the ambient temperature is level 3; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 2; when the operating condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 1; the heat dissipation requirement is level 4: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 5; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 4; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 3; when the operating condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 2; the heat dissipation requirement is level 5: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 7; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 5; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 4 ; When the operating condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 3; the heat dissipation requirement is level 6: when the operating condition is super light load, the ambient temperature is level 8; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 7; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 5; when the operating condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 4; the heat dissipation requirement is level 7: when the operating condition is super light load, the ambient temperature is level 9; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 8; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 7; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the operating condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 5; the heat dissipation requirement is level 8: when When the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 10; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 9; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 8; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 7; when the operating condition is super-heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 6; the heat dissipation requirement is level 9: when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 10; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 9-10; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 8; when the operating condition is super-heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 7; the heat dissipation requirement is level 10: when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 9-10; when the operating condition is super-heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 8-10.

[0009] Preferably, step S4 includes: determining the current heat dissipation demand gear according to the ambient temperature and operating conditions, calculating the actual heat dissipation fan demand speed according to the heat dissipation demand gear, and controlling the proportional solenoid valve of the hydraulic pump to control the current according to the actual heat dissipation fan demand speed to adjust the pump output flow, thereby controlling the heat dissipation fan speed.

[0010] Preferably, the calculation of the actual required speed of the cooling fan includes: determining a base speed of the cooling fan, that is, the cooling fan speed corresponding to the cooling demand level 10; determining the cooling fan speed percentage parameters N1-N9 corresponding to the cooling demand levels 1-9 by performing a thermal balance test, and calculating the percentage parameters N1-N9 according to the conversion formula: , calculate the cooling fan speed corresponding to each cooling requirement.

[0011] Preferably, the determination of the cooling fan reference speed includes: when the working medium in the excavator is less than the first temperature threshold, the cooling fan reference speed is 0 speed, and the output flow of the hydraulic pump flows back to the hydraulic oil tank through the unloading solenoid valve; when the working medium in the excavator is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold and less than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the corresponding cooling fan reference speed is obtained based on the temperature-speed linear relationship obtained from the thermal balance test; when the working medium in the excavator is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than the second temperature threshold, if the temperature rises to this range, the cooling fan reference speed is 0 speed, and if the temperature drops to this range, the cooling fan reference speed is the cooling fan reference speed corresponding to the third temperature threshold.

[0012] Preferably, in the oil radiator system, the radiator is a hydraulic oil radiator, the working medium is hydraulic oil, its first temperature threshold is 40°C, the second temperature threshold is 55°C, and the third temperature threshold is 70°C; in the water radiator system, the radiator is an engine coolant radiator, the working medium is cooling water, its first temperature threshold is 70°C, the second temperature threshold is 85°C, and the third temperature threshold is 95°C.

[0013] Preferably, in the water cooling system, in addition to considering the relationship between the cooling water temperature and the cooling fan reference speed, the relationship between the engine intake manifold temperature and the transfer case oil temperature and the cooling fan reference speed must also be considered, that is, the engine intake manifold temperature and the transfer case oil temperature are also respectively provided with first, second and third temperature thresholds and each has a corresponding cooling fan reference speed; in the water cooling system, the cooling fan reference speed is selected as the maximum value of the cooling fan reference speeds corresponding to the engine cooling water temperature, the engine intake manifold temperature and the transfer case oil temperature; the first temperature threshold of the engine intake manifold temperature is 55°C, the second temperature threshold is 60°C, and the third temperature threshold is 75°C; the first temperature threshold of the transfer case oil temperature is 40°C, the second temperature threshold is 50°C, and the third temperature threshold is 70°C.

[0014] The present invention also proposes an excavator heat dissipation system based on ambient temperature and operating conditions, which is controlled by utilizing the excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and operating conditions described in the above embodiment, including: a vehicle controller and an oil dissipation system and a water dissipation system connected to the vehicle controller signal; the oil dissipation system includes: an oil dissipation pump, an oil dissipation unloading solenoid valve, an oil dissipation motor, an oil dissipation fan and a hydraulic oil radiator, the oil dissipation pump is respectively connected to the hydraulic oil radiator and the heat dissipation motor through the oil dissipation unloading solenoid valve, the unloading port of the oil dissipation unloading solenoid valve is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, and the oil dissipation fan is transmission-connected to the heat dissipation motor; the water dissipation system includes: a water dissipation pump, a water dissipation unloading solenoid valve, a water dissipation motor, a water dissipation fan and an engine coolant radiator, the water dissipation pump is connected to the water dissipation motor through the water dissipation unloading solenoid valve, the unloading port of the water dissipation unloading solenoid valve is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, and the water dissipation fan is transmission-connected to the water dissipation motor.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Compared with the existing technology, this application effectively solves the problem of heat dissipation redundancy caused by single parameter control and achieves dynamic matching of fan speed with complex heat dissipation requirements. While ensuring the safe operation of the hydraulic system and engine, it significantly reduces energy consumption under low-load conditions and in cold environments, while avoiding the risk of insufficient heat dissipation under high-temperature and heavy-load conditions. The thermal balance verification mechanism controls the heat dissipation intensity under high-temperature conditions to the necessary minimum while ensuring equipment safety.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system (hydraulic oil pipeline) of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system (coolant pipeline) of the present invention; Figure 3 It is the temperature gear judgment table of the present invention; Figure 4 It is the working condition identification table of the present invention; Figure 5 This is the heat dissipation demand gear judgment table of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the IQ curve of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0019] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0020] Reference below Figures 1 to 6 The present invention describes an excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and operating conditions in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] The embodiment of the present application discloses a heat dissipation control method for an excavator based on ambient temperature and operating conditions, including: S1, dividing the operating conditions of the excavator into five conditions: overload, heavy load, medium load, light load, and ultra-light load; S2, dividing the external ambient temperature into 10 gears; S3, dividing the heat dissipation demand into 10 gears according to the ambient temperature and operating conditions; S4, adjusting the speed of the cooling fan according to the heat dissipation demand gear so that the heat dissipation demand and the heat dissipation fan speed are accurately matched; S5, judging whether the working medium temperature in the excavator is greater than the high temperature threshold; if so, dissipating the heat at the corresponding cooling fan speed obtained by the thermal balance test; if not, dissipating the heat at the actual heat dissipation demand gear standard.

[0022] Among them, the operating condition classification is to divide the work intensity level according to the percentage of engine torque. For example, by calculating the average engine torque within five minutes, when the value is in the range of 50%-60%, it is determined to be a light load condition. This classification can accurately reflect the difference in system heat generation under different loads. The ambient temperature classification is to divide the temperature range into ten intervals. For example, every 10°C between -40°C and 40°C is set as a gear, which is used to quantify the impact of the external environment on heat dissipation efficiency. The heat dissipation demand classification is to establish a corresponding relationship matrix between operating conditions and ambient temperature gears. For example, the combination of ultra-light load conditions and ambient temperature gear 1 corresponds to heat dissipation demand gear 1, realizing dual-parameter collaborative decision-making. Fan speed adjustment is to proportionally adjust the pump valve current according to the heat dissipation demand level. For example, demand gear 1 corresponds to 30% of the base speed. The speed is precisely adjusted through hydraulic system flow control.

[0023] Specifically, the method first collects engine torque data in real time through sensors, calculates a five-minute sliding average to determine the current operating condition level. At the same time, the ambient temperature signal is monitored, and the temperature gear is determined according to the preset interval division. The operating condition level and temperature gear are input into the preset heat dissipation demand mapping table to generate heat dissipation demand levels of 1-10 gears. According to the demand level, the corresponding speed coefficient is called. For example, the demand 5 gear corresponds to 60% of the base speed. The hydraulic flow is controlled by adjusting the solenoid valve current of the oil dispersion pump and the water dispersion pump, and then the fan speed is adjusted. When the working medium temperature exceeds the high temperature threshold, it automatically switches to the thermal equilibrium speed calibrated in the laboratory to ensure the reliability of the system under extreme working conditions. This control process realizes the dynamic coupling of environmental parameters, load status and heat dissipation intensity.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods rely solely on a single temperature parameter for linear control, failing to distinguish the impact of ambient temperature differences and changes in operating intensity on cooling requirements. This solution establishes a dual-dimensional control model based on operating conditions and temperature, breaking down cooling requirements into ten adjustable levels to achieve precise matching under different environmental conditions and load states. For example, at an ambient temperature of -20°C, ultra-light load conditions only require the second cooling level, while traditional methods may still set the speed for high-temperature conditions, resulting in energy waste.

[0025] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the heat dissipation redundancy problem caused by single parameter control and realizes the dynamic matching of fan speed and complex heat dissipation requirements. While ensuring the safe operation of the hydraulic system and engine, it significantly reduces energy consumption in low-load conditions and cold environments, while avoiding the risk of insufficient heat dissipation under high-temperature and heavy-load conditions. The thermal balance verification mechanism controls the heat dissipation intensity in high-temperature conditions to the necessary minimum while ensuring equipment safety.

[0026] In some embodiments, step S1 includes: identifying the operating condition of the excavator based on the average value of the engine torque percentage, specifically: when the average value of the engine torque percentage is less than 50%, the operating condition of the excavator is ultra-light load; when the average value of the engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 60%, the operating condition of the excavator is light load; when the average value of the engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 60% and less than 70%, the operating condition of the excavator is medium load; when the average value of the engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 70% and less than 80%, the operating condition of the excavator is heavy load; when the average value of the engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 80%, the operating condition of the excavator is super-heavy load.

[0027] Specifically, the average value of the engine torque percentage is obtained by continuously monitoring and calculating the sliding average value within a preset time period, avoiding the interference of instantaneous load fluctuations on the judgment of the working condition. When the average value is lower than 50%, it indicates that the equipment is in a low-load operating state. At this time, the system generates less heat, corresponding to an ultra-light load condition; when the average value is in the range of 50% to 60%, the equipment is in a light-load condition, and the system heat generation increases but is still lower than the medium-load level; as the average value gradually increases to 60%-70%, 70%-80% and above 80%, corresponding to medium-load, heavy-load and ultra-heavy-load conditions respectively, the system heat generation increases in a step-by-step manner. By dividing the operating conditions into five levels and combining them with the preset torque percentage interval threshold, a direct correlation between load level and heat dissipation demand can be established, providing a quantitative basis for the dynamic adjustment of subsequent heat dissipation strategies.

[0028] Through the above-mentioned working condition classification, this application can accurately identify the working condition type according to the actual operating load of the excavator and provide differentiated control benchmarks for the cooling system. For example, under ultra-light load conditions, the fan speed is automatically reduced to reduce energy consumption, and under ultra-heavy load conditions, the heat dissipation intensity is increased to ensure equipment safety, thereby achieving a precise match between the heat dissipation capacity and the system heat output. This control method based on quantitative load levels effectively avoids excessive heat dissipation caused by the lack of working condition identification in traditional methods, and significantly reduces the energy consumption of the cooling system.

[0029] In some embodiments, step S2 includes: collecting the vehicle temperature signal of the excavator through the vehicle controller and analyzing and calculating the temperature signal according to a preset algorithm to obtain the current ambient temperature value and identify the ambient temperature gear, specifically: when the ambient temperature is less than -40°C, the ambient temperature gear is gear 1; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -40°C and less than -30°C, the ambient temperature gear is gear 2; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -30°C and less than -20°C, the ambient temperature gear is gear 3; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -20°C and less than -10°C, The ambient temperature gear is 4; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -10℃ and less than 0℃, the ambient temperature gear is 5; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 0℃ and less than 10℃, the ambient temperature gear is 6; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 10℃ and less than 20℃, the ambient temperature gear is 7; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 20℃ and less than 30℃, the ambient temperature gear is 8; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 30℃ and less than 40℃, the ambient temperature gear is 9; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 40℃, the ambient temperature gear is 10.

[0030] Specifically, the ambient temperature signal is collected in real time through the temperature sensor and transmitted to the data processing module of the vehicle controller. The preset algorithm performs interval judgment on the received temperature data. For example, when the temperature is detected to be in the range of -30℃ to -20℃, the corresponding output ambient temperature level is 3. Each temperature level represents the difference in the air's heat dissipation capacity. For example, in the low temperature range (levels 1-5), the air's own heat dissipation efficiency is high, and the system can reduce the heat dissipation requirement level; in the high temperature range (levels 6-10), the air's heat dissipation efficiency decreases, and the heat dissipation requirement level needs to be increased. By discretizing the continuous temperature into 10 levels, the heat dissipation control strategy can accurately match the actual heat dissipation capacity requirements at different temperatures, avoiding heat dissipation redundancy or insufficiency caused by single temperature threshold control.

[0031] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of heat dissipation capacity mismatch caused by external temperature fluctuations. By accurately dividing the temperature range, the system can identify the efficient heat dissipation characteristics of air in low-temperature environments, thereby reducing the fan speed requirement and avoiding energy waste. At the same time, it automatically increases the heat dissipation level under high-temperature conditions to ensure safe operation of the equipment. This solution realizes the dynamic adaptation of the heat dissipation control strategy to the ambient temperature conditions, significantly improving the energy efficiency ratio of the heat dissipation system.

[0032] In some embodiments, step S3 includes: the judgment criteria of the 10 gears of heat dissipation demand are: heat dissipation demand gear 1: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is gears 1-3; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is gears 1-2; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is gear 1; heat dissipation demand gear 2: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is gears 4; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is gears 3; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is gears 2; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is gear 1; heat dissipation demand gear 3: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is gears 5; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is gears 4; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is gears 2; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is gears 1; The working condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 3; when the working condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 2; when the working condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 1; the heat dissipation requirement is level 4: when the working condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the working condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 5; when the working condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 4; when the working condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 3; when the working condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 2; the heat dissipation requirement is level 5: when the working condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 7; when the working condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the working condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 5; when the working condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 4th gear; when the working condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is 3rd gear; the heat dissipation requirement is 6th gear: when the working condition is super light load, the ambient temperature is 8th gear; when the working condition is light load, the ambient temperature is 7th gear; when the working condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is 6th gear; when the working condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is 5th gear; when the working condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is 4th gear; the heat dissipation requirement is 7th gear: when the working condition is super light load, the ambient temperature is 9th gear; when the working condition is light load, the ambient temperature is 8th gear; when the working condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is 7th gear; when the working condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is 6th gear; when the working condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is 5th gear; the heat dissipation requirement is 8th gear: When the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is 10th gear; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is 9th gear; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is 8th gear; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is 7th gear; when the operating condition is super-heavy load, the ambient temperature is 6th gear; the heat dissipation requirement is 9th gear: when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is 10th gear; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is 9-10th gear; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is 8th gear; when the operating condition is super-heavy load, the ambient temperature is 7th gear; the heat dissipation requirement is 10th gear: when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is 9-10th gear; when the operating condition is super-heavy load, the ambient temperature is 8th gear.

[0033] Specifically, the solution constructs a two-dimensional heat dissipation assessment model based on operating intensity and ambient temperature. When the equipment is in ultra-light load operation, the system only needs to gradually increase the heat dissipation requirement level after the ambient temperature exceeds the third level; when the equipment is in medium load operation, the heat dissipation requirement level will be increased by one level for every two levels of ambient temperature increase; under heavy load and above conditions, the heat dissipation level will be increased by one level for every one level of ambient temperature increase. By establishing an asymmetric operating condition-temperature correspondence, a larger temperature fluctuation range is allowed under low-load conditions, and a stricter ambient temperature response mechanism is implemented under high-load conditions. When the ambient temperature reaches the eighth level and is in an ultra-heavy load, the system automatically triggers the highest heat dissipation level to ensure the safe operation of the equipment under extreme conditions.

[0034] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods only linearly adjust fan speed based on a single temperature parameter, without considering the dynamic impact of operating load on heat dissipation requirements. This solution establishes a cross-correspondence between five types of operating conditions and ten levels of temperature gears, so that the heat dissipation intensity adjustment responds to both the equipment's operating status and environmental changes. For example, during light-load operation, the heat dissipation level is allowed to increase only after the ambient temperature rises by four levels, while traditional methods would prematurely increase the fan speed under the same temperature change. This dual-factor control mechanism effectively avoids excessive heat dissipation under low-load conditions while ensuring the heat dissipation response sensitivity under high-load conditions.

[0035] Through the above technical solutions, this application achieves a precise match between heat dissipation requirements and equipment operating status. When performing light-load operations in a low-temperature environment, the cooling fan can maintain a low speed, which can effectively reduce energy consumption; under high-temperature and heavy-load conditions, the system automatically matches the highest heat dissipation level to ensure that the hydraulic system temperature is stable within the safety threshold. By establishing a step-by-step heat dissipation demand judgment standard, the heat dissipation intensity is dynamically adjusted every time the ambient temperature changes by 10°C, which not only avoids frequent speed adjustments caused by slight temperature fluctuations, but also ensures timely response to major temperature changes.

[0036] In some embodiments, step S4 includes: determining the current cooling demand gear according to the ambient temperature and operating conditions, calculating the actual cooling fan required speed according to the cooling demand gear, and controlling the proportional solenoid valve of the hydraulic pump to control the current according to the actual cooling fan required speed to adjust the pump output flow, thereby controlling the cooling fan speed.

[0037] Furthermore, the calculation of the actual required fan speed includes: determining the cooling fan base speed, that is, the cooling fan speed corresponding to the cooling demand level 10; determining the fan speed percentage parameters N1-N9 corresponding to the cooling demand levels 1-9 by performing a thermal balance test, according to the conversion formula: , calculate the fan speed corresponding to each level of heat dissipation demand.

[0038] Specifically, the corresponding relationship between the ambient temperature, the operating conditions and the heat dissipation demand gear is established in advance, and the maximum fan speed corresponding to the highest heat dissipation demand gear is measured as the reference value. For different heat dissipation demand gears, the percentage parameters relative to the reference speed are determined through experiments to form the gear speed conversion coefficient. In the actual control process, the corresponding heat dissipation demand gear is matched according to the real-time collected ambient temperature and operating condition data, and the percentage parameter corresponding to the gear is used to convert with the reference speed to obtain the actual required speed. The pump output flow is changed by adjusting the current of the proportional solenoid valve so that the cooling fan speed dynamically matches the calculated value. For example, when the heat dissipation demand gear is 5 and the reference speed is 2000rpm, if N5 is 70%, the actual required speed is 1400rpm. At this time, the proportional solenoid valve current is controlled so that the pump output flow drives the fan to reach this speed.

[0039] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem that a single temperature parameter control cannot adapt to changes in complex working conditions, and realizes the dynamic matching of heat dissipation demand and fan speed. When the ambient temperature fluctuates or the operating conditions change, the system automatically adjusts the heat dissipation demand gear and calculates the corresponding speed. For example, under low temperature and light load conditions, the fan speed is reduced to reduce energy consumption, and under high temperature and heavy load conditions, the speed is increased to ensure heat dissipation capacity. Through the conversion mechanism of the grade ratio coefficient and the reference speed, the energy consumption level of normal working conditions is optimized while ensuring the heat dissipation capacity under extreme working conditions, which not only meets the heat dissipation demand but also avoids energy waste caused by excessive speed.

[0040] In some embodiments, the determination of the cooling fan reference speed includes: when the working medium in the excavator is less than a first temperature threshold, the cooling fan reference speed is 0 speed, and the hydraulic pump output flow flows back to the hydraulic oil tank through the unloading solenoid valve; when the working medium in the excavator is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold and less than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the corresponding cooling fan reference speed is obtained based on the temperature-speed linear relationship obtained from the thermal balance test; when the working medium in the excavator is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than the second temperature threshold, if the temperature rises to this range, the cooling fan reference speed is 0 speed, and if the temperature drops to this range, the cooling fan reference speed is the cooling fan reference speed corresponding to the third temperature threshold.

[0041] Furthermore, in the oil cooling system, the radiator is a hydraulic oil radiator, the working medium is hydraulic oil, its first temperature threshold is 40°C, the second temperature threshold is 55°C, and the third temperature threshold is 70°C; in the water cooling system, the radiator is an engine coolant radiator, the working medium is cooling water, its first temperature threshold is 70°C, the second temperature threshold is 85°C, and the third temperature threshold is 95°C.

[0042] Furthermore, in the water cooling system, in addition to considering the relationship between the cooling water temperature and the cooling fan reference speed, the relationship between the engine intake manifold temperature and the transfer case oil temperature and the cooling fan reference speed must also be considered, that is, the engine intake manifold temperature and the transfer case oil temperature are also respectively set with first, second and third temperature thresholds and each has a corresponding cooling fan reference speed; in the water cooling system, the cooling fan reference speed is selected from the maximum value of the cooling fan reference speeds corresponding to the engine cooling water temperature, the engine intake manifold temperature and the transfer case oil temperature; the first temperature threshold of the engine intake manifold temperature is 55°C, the second temperature threshold is 60°C, and the third temperature threshold is 75°C; the first temperature threshold of the transfer case oil temperature is 40°C, the second temperature threshold is 50°C, and the third temperature threshold is 70°C.

[0043] The temperature threshold is a critical temperature node set based on the thermal stability of the working medium. This is achieved through real-time monitoring by a temperature sensor and comparison with the controller's preset value. This serves to define the cooling fan's on / off intervals and speed adjustment range. The speed inheritance method is determined based on the direction of temperature change. This is achieved by recording temperature trends and executing differentiated speed inheritance logic to avoid frequent cooling system activation due to temperature fluctuations. The cooling system comprehensively assesses the cooling requirements of the cooling water, intake manifold, and transfer case oil temperatures, using a maximum value selection algorithm to ensure that the most pressing cooling needs are met first.

[0044] Specifically, the hydraulic oil cooling system completely stops cooling when the oil temperature falls below 40°C, and the hydraulic pump flow returns through the unloading valve to reduce energy loss. When the oil temperature is between 40°C and 55°C, the fan is kept at a standstill if it is heating up, and the base speed corresponding to 70°C is retained if it is cooling down to prevent temperature rebound. When the oil temperature rises above 55°C, the fan speed is increased based on a linear relationship, achieving a positive correlation between cooling intensity and temperature. For the water cooling system, cooling is shut down when the cooling water temperature is below 70°C, and linear speed regulation is initiated when the temperature exceeds 85°C. The intake manifold temperature and transfer case oil temperature are simultaneously monitored. When any parameter exceeds the corresponding second threshold, the speed is increased. By selecting the maximum base speed of the three, key engine components are ensured to not overheat. This solution balances the differences in cooling characteristics of different working media through differentiated threshold settings and coordinated control logic.

[0045] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods linearly adjust fan speed based solely on a single temperature parameter, failing to account for fluctuations in cooling demand caused by the direction of temperature change. This can lead to frequent starts and stops near critical temperatures. Furthermore, existing technologies fail to coordinate the priorities of multiple heat sources, potentially causing localized overheating. This solution, by incorporating a mechanism to determine the direction of temperature change and select the maximum value of multiple parameters, effectively avoids oscillatory operation of the cooling system while ensuring the temperature safety of key components.

[0046] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of frequent operation of the cooling system caused by temperature fluctuations, and reduces the ineffective work of the hydraulic pump; through the collaborative control strategy of multiple heat sources, the cooling priority of different components is clarified to prevent the risk of system overheating caused by insufficient control of a single temperature parameter; differentiated thresholds are set for the different thermal characteristics of hydraulic oil and cooling water, achieving the optimal balance between cooling efficiency and energy consumption.

[0047] The present invention also proposes an excavator heat dissipation system based on ambient temperature and operating conditions, which is controlled by utilizing the excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and operating conditions in the above embodiment, including: a vehicle controller and an oil dissipation system and a water dissipation system connected to the vehicle controller signal; the oil dissipation system includes: an oil dissipation pump, an oil dissipation unloading solenoid valve, an oil dissipation motor, an oil dissipation fan and a hydraulic oil radiator, the oil dissipation pump is connected to the hydraulic oil radiator and the heat dissipation motor respectively through the oil dissipation unloading solenoid valve, the unloading port of the oil dissipation unloading solenoid valve is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, and the oil dissipation fan is connected to the heat dissipation motor in a transmission connection; the water dissipation system includes: a water dissipation pump, a water dissipation unloading solenoid valve, a water dissipation motor, a water dissipation fan and an engine coolant radiator, the water dissipation pump is connected to the water dissipation motor through the water dissipation unloading solenoid valve, the unloading port of the water dissipation unloading solenoid valve is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, and the water dissipation fan is connected to the water dissipation motor in a transmission connection.

[0048] Specifically, the vehicle controller collects ambient temperature signals and operating condition data in real time and calculates the cooling requirement using a preset algorithm. The oil cooling system dynamically adjusts the current to the proportional solenoid valve of the oil cooling pump based on the hydraulic oil temperature. When the hydraulic oil temperature falls below a set threshold, the oil cooling unloading solenoid valve switches to the unloading position, returning the pump output flow to the hydraulic tank through the unloading port, and the oil cooling fan stops. When the hydraulic oil temperature exceeds the set threshold, the unloading solenoid valve switches to the operating position, and the flow drives the oil cooling motor to drive the fan. The water cooling system determines cooling requirements based on a combination of engine water temperature, intake manifold temperature, and transfer case oil temperature. It adjusts the flow rate through the proportional solenoid valve of the water cooling pump. When all temperature parameters fall below the set threshold, the water cooling unloading solenoid valve returns the oil to the hydraulic tank, and the water cooling fan stops. Both systems share the same ambient temperature and operating condition data but implement differentiated flow control strategies to optimally match cooling capacity with the operating environment.

[0049] Compared to existing technologies, this solution utilizes a dual-system independent control architecture, allowing for tailored cooling intensity based on the temperature characteristics of different media. For example, under low-temperature and light-load conditions, the hydraulic oil temperature may drop rapidly while the engine still requires basic cooling. In this case, the oil cooling system can be unloaded and stopped, while the water cooling system maintains a low speed. Furthermore, the introduction of an unloading solenoid valve completely shuts off fan drive flow when cooling is not necessary, further reducing energy loss compared to simply reducing pump displacement.

[0050] Through the above technical solution, the present application realizes precise control of the heat dissipation system and avoids the heat dissipation redundancy caused by the traditional single control mode. For example, when the ambient temperature is low and the excavator is in a light-load condition, the heat dissipation demand of the hydraulic oil is significantly reduced. The system can turn off the oil heat dissipation fan separately, while maintaining the minimum required speed of the water heat dissipation fan according to the actual temperature of the engine. This collaborative control method makes the heat dissipation power consumption only concentrated on the currently required subsystems, effectively reducing the energy consumption of the whole machine. In addition, the dual-system unloading design can completely cut off the fan drive flow under non-essential working conditions, which further reduces the ineffective work loss of the hydraulic pump compared to the traditional continuous flow regulation method.

[0051] Other configurations and operations of the excavator heat dissipation control method and system based on ambient temperature and operating conditions according to the embodiments of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0052] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0053] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation control method for an excavator based on ambient temperature and operating conditions, characterized in that: include: S1. Divide the excavator's operating conditions into five conditions: overload, heavy load, medium load, light load, and ultra-light load; S2, divide the external ambient temperature into 10 levels; S3. Divide the heat dissipation requirements into 10 levels according to the ambient temperature and operating conditions; S4. Adjust the speed of the cooling fan according to the cooling requirement to ensure that the cooling requirement and the cooling fan speed are accurately matched; S5. Determine whether the working medium temperature in the excavator is greater than a high temperature threshold. If so, dissipate heat at the corresponding cooling fan speed obtained from a thermal balance test. If not, dissipate heat at the actual cooling requirement level.

2. The excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 includes: Identify the excavator's operating conditions based on the average engine torque percentage, specifically: When the average engine torque percentage is less than 50%, the excavator is operating under ultra-light load; When the average engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 60%, the excavator is operating under light load; When the average engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 60% and less than 70%, the excavator's operating condition is medium load; When the average engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 70% and less than 80%, the excavator is operating in a heavy load condition; When the average engine torque percentage is greater than or equal to 80%, the excavator is operating in an overloaded condition.

3. The excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 includes: The vehicle controller collects the excavator's vehicle temperature signal and analyzes and calculates the temperature signal according to the preset algorithm to obtain the current ambient temperature value and identify the ambient temperature gear. Specifically: When the ambient temperature is lower than -40℃, the ambient temperature gear is level 1; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -40℃ and less than -30℃, the ambient temperature gear is gear 2; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -30℃ and less than -20℃, the ambient temperature level is level 3; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -20℃ and less than -10℃, the ambient temperature level is level 4; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to -10℃ and less than 0℃, the ambient temperature level is level 5; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 0°C and less than 10°C, the ambient temperature level is level 6; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 10°C and less than 20°C, the ambient temperature level is level 7; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 20°C and less than 30°C, the ambient temperature level is level 8; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 30°C and less than 40°C, the ambient temperature level is level 9; When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 40°C, the ambient temperature level is level 10.

4. The excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 includes: the judgment criteria for the 10 gears of heat dissipation requirements are: Heat dissipation requirement level 1: When the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 1-3; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 1-2; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 1; Heat dissipation requirement: 2 levels: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 4; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 3; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 2; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 1; The heat dissipation requirement is 3 levels: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 5; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 4; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 3; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 2; when the operating condition is ultra-heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 1; The heat dissipation requirement is 4 levels: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 5; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 4; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 3; when the operating condition is ultra-heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 2; The heat dissipation requirement is 5 levels: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 7; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 5; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 4; when the operating condition is ultra-heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 3; The heat dissipation requirement is 6 levels: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 8; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 7; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 5; when the operating condition is ultra-heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 4; The heat dissipation requirement is 7 levels: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 9; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 8; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 7; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 6; when the operating condition is ultra-heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 5; The heat dissipation requirement is 8 levels: when the operating condition is ultra-light load, the ambient temperature is level 10; when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 9; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 8; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 7; when the operating condition is ultra-heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 6; The heat dissipation requirement is 9 levels: when the operating condition is light load, the ambient temperature is level 10; when the operating condition is medium load, the ambient temperature is level 9-10; when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 8; when the operating condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is level 7; The heat dissipation requirement is 10 levels: when the operating condition is heavy load, the ambient temperature is 9-10 levels; when the operating condition is super heavy load, the ambient temperature is 8-10 levels.

5. The excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S4 includes: determining the current heat dissipation demand gear according to the ambient temperature and operating conditions, calculating the actual required speed of the cooling fan according to the heat dissipation demand gear, and controlling the proportional solenoid valve of the hydraulic pump to control the current according to the actual required speed of the cooling fan to adjust the pump output flow, thereby controlling the cooling fan speed.

6. The excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and working conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation of the actual required cooling fan speed includes: Determine the base speed of the cooling fan, that is, the cooling fan speed corresponding to the 10th level of cooling demand; The heat balance test is performed to determine the cooling fan speed percentage parameters N1-N9 corresponding to the heat dissipation requirements 1-9. According to the conversion formula: , calculate the cooling fan speed corresponding to each cooling requirement.

7. The excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and working conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The determination of the cooling fan base speed includes: When the working medium in the excavator is lower than the first temperature threshold, the cooling fan reference speed is 0 speed, and the output flow of the hydraulic pump flows back to the hydraulic oil tank through the unloading solenoid valve; When the working medium in the excavator is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold and less than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the corresponding cooling fan reference speed is obtained based on the temperature-speed linear relationship obtained from the thermal balance test; When the working medium in the excavator is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than the second temperature threshold, if the temperature rises to this range, the cooling fan reference speed is 0 speed; if the temperature drops to this range, the cooling fan reference speed is the cooling fan reference speed corresponding to the third temperature threshold.

8. The excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and working conditions according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the oil radiator system, the radiator is a hydraulic oil radiator, the working medium is hydraulic oil, its first temperature threshold is 40°C, the second temperature threshold is 55°C, and the third temperature threshold is 70°C; in the water radiator system, the radiator is an engine coolant radiator, the working medium is cooling water, its first temperature threshold is 70°C, the second temperature threshold is 85°C, and the third temperature threshold is 95°C.

9. The excavator heat dissipation control method based on ambient temperature and working conditions according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the water cooling system, in addition to considering the relationship between the cooling water temperature and the cooling fan reference speed, the relationship between the engine intake manifold temperature and the transfer case oil temperature and the cooling fan reference speed must also be considered. That is, the engine intake manifold temperature and the transfer case oil temperature are also set with first, second, and third temperature thresholds, and each has a corresponding cooling fan reference speed. In the water cooling system, the cooling fan reference speed is the maximum of the cooling fan reference speeds corresponding to the engine cooling water temperature, the engine intake manifold temperature, and the transfer case oil temperature. The first temperature threshold of the engine intake manifold temperature is 55°C, the second temperature threshold is 60°C, and the third temperature threshold is 75°C. The first temperature threshold of the transfer case oil temperature is 40°C, the second temperature threshold is 50°C, and the third temperature threshold is 70°C.

10. An excavator heat dissipation system based on ambient temperature and working conditions, characterized in that: The heat dissipation control method for an excavator based on ambient temperature and working conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used for control, comprising: a vehicle controller and an oil dissipation system and a water dissipation system connected to the vehicle controller signal; The oil dissipation system includes: an oil dissipation pump, an oil dissipation unloading solenoid valve, an oil dissipation motor, an oil dissipation fan and a hydraulic oil radiator. The oil dissipation pump is connected to the hydraulic oil radiator and the heat dissipation motor respectively through the oil dissipation unloading solenoid valve. The unloading port of the oil dissipation unloading solenoid valve is connected to the hydraulic oil tank. The oil dissipation fan is in transmission connection with the heat dissipation motor. The water dispersion system includes: a water dispersion pump, a water dispersion unloading solenoid valve, a water dispersion motor, a water dispersion fan and an engine coolant radiator. The water dispersion pump is connected to the water dispersion motor through the water dispersion unloading solenoid valve, the unloading port of the water dispersion unloading solenoid valve is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, and the water dispersion fan is connected to the water dispersion motor in a transmission connection.

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