Nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorod and preparation method thereof
By using bisurfactant as template agent in the water system, the Schiff base addition reaction between melamine and aromatic amine-acid and formaldehyde was controlled, and a nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorod with high specific surface area was prepared, which solved the problems of cumbersome synthesis methods and uncontrollable morphology in the prior art, and achieved efficient preparation of green and environmental protection.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510485953.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-15
AI Technical Summary
In the process of synthesizing one-dimensional carbon nanorods, it is difficult to achieve controllability of the form and porous structures with high specific surface area. The synthesis method is cumbersome and lacks a green and environmentally friendly preparation method.
Using bisurfactant as template agent, the Schiff base addition reaction between melamine and aromatic amine-acid and formaldehyde is controlled in the water system, and nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods are prepared by carbonization at high temperature under an inert atmosphere, which simplifies the synthesis steps and increases the specific surface area of the material.
The preparation of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods with controllable shape is realized, with a high specific surface area, and is suitable for supercapacitor electrode materials. The method is simple, environmentally friendly and the conditions are mild.
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Figure CN120497055A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new nano materials, and in particular relates to a nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorod and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] The synthesis of carbon-based composites and the introduction of heteroatoms into the carbon skeleton are both strategies for improving capacitance. Many studies have shown that by introducing heteroatoms into porous carbon materials, their elemental composition and pore structure can be changed, the number of reactive sites can be increased, and the overall performance of porous carbon materials can be effectively improved. Based on the difference in electronegativity between heteroatoms and carbon atoms, heteroatom-doped carbon materials that modify the electronic structure can deliver highly electrochemically active sites with minimal changes in conjugation length. Among them, nitrogen, due to its similar atomic radius to carbon, can form relatively stable chemical bonds with carbon. Therefore, the use of nitrogen avoids other effects caused by excessive deformation of the carbon skeleton and is the most studied heteroatom in carbon materials.
[0003] One-dimensional (1D) carbon nanorods (CNRs) have shown remarkable properties in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their unique structural advantages. The high aspect ratio structure not only provides a direct and efficient conductive path for electron transport along the axial direction, but also creates a relatively short diffusion path for ions in the radial direction, thereby significantly reducing the charge transfer resistance.
[0004] One-dimensional carbon materials can typically be synthesized via template methods. Soft template methods are widely used due to their uniform morphology and flexible structure. However, existing research still lacks controllability in achieving the full synthesis process. In particular, the lack of systematic research on the formation mechanism of rod-shaped micelle templates has hindered the further development of soft template strategies. Furthermore, in some studies, post-processing steps such as activation are still required to enhance the pore structure to achieve ideal capacitor performance. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a porous structure with a high specific surface area that can simultaneously control the generation of one-dimensional morphology, obtain nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods and a preparation method thereof in one step, avoid the cumbersome problems of the current synthesis method, and achieve the purpose of green environmental protection.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods and a method for preparing the same. This method utilizes a dual surfactant as a template to control the Schiff base addition reaction of melamine with an aromatic amine-acid and formaldehyde in an aqueous system. As the reaction proceeds, a polymer precipitates. After washing, the resulting one-dimensional polymer nanorods are carbonized at high temperature using an inert gas to obtain nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods. This method allows for morphology adjustment through the addition of a template, is simple, operates under mild synthesis conditions, and is environmentally friendly.
[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Dissolve sodium alkylate and triblock polymer in water and stir vigorously. The mixture is named solution A.
[0008] (2) Melamine is used as a raw material, mixed evenly with aromatic amine-acid, and then solution A is added and stirred to obtain rod-shaped micelles. The amount of aromatic amine-acid used is 10%-20% of the molar amount of melamine.
[0009] (3) Adding fatty aldehyde, reacting at 25-30 °C for 1.5-2h, and centrifuging to obtain a solid, which is the polymer nanorod; the molar ratio of the fatty aldehyde to the melamine is 4-6:1.
[0010] (4) Carbonization at high temperature under inert atmosphere to obtain nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods.
[0011] Furthermore, the sodium alkylate is one of sodium laurylate, sodium hexadecylate and sodium octadecylate.
[0012] Furthermore, the triblock polymer is one of F127, P123, F68, and L35.
[0013] Furthermore, the aromatic amine-acid is one of 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, o-aminobenzoic acid, m-aminobenzoic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid.
[0014] Furthermore, the amount of the aromatic amine-acid used is 10%-20% of the molar amount of melamine.
[0015] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sodium alkylate to the triblock polymer is 1:3-1:5.
[0016] Furthermore, the fatty aldehyde is one of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, and adipaldehyde.
[0017] Furthermore, the amount of the fatty aldehyde is 3-6 mL.
[0018] Furthermore, the gas used in the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, the carbonization temperature is 600-800° C., and the time is 100-120 min.
[0019] A nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorod is prepared by adopting the method.
[0020] The nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods have a size of 500 nm-2 μm, a diameter of 100-140 nm, and a nitrogen content of 13%-17%.
[0021] Specifically, the method for preparing nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) Dissolve sodium alkylate and triblock polymer in water at 25-30 °C and stir vigorously. This is named solution A.
[0022] (2) Melamine is used as the raw material, mixed evenly with aromatic amine-acid, and then solution A is added and stirred to obtain rod-shaped micelles.
[0023] (3) Add formaldehyde and react at 25-30 °C for 1.5-2 h with continuous stirring to obtain polymer nanorods.
[0024] (4) The polymer nanorods prepared in step (3) are carbonized at a high temperature of 600-800 °C under an inert atmosphere to obtain a high-performance nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorod supercapacitor electrode material.
[0025] The present invention provides a nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorod and a preparation method thereof. The nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorod has a nitrogen content of 14.54 wt.%, a 2 g -1 high specific surface area and is used as a supercapacitor electrode material.
[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Using melamine and aromatic amine-acid as raw materials, fatty aldehyde as polymerization initiator, and a double surfactant synthesized from anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant as template, the template is mixed with melamine and the like in an acidic environment, and the mass ratio of the double surfactant is adjusted to intervene in the morphology of the template, so that it is transformed into rod-shaped micelles. Polymer nanorods are obtained through Schiff base addition polymerization reaction, and carbonaceous nanorods are further obtained through high-temperature pyrolysis treatment under an inert atmosphere.
[0027] 1. The synthesis method adopted in the present invention has mild conditions and can stably react at 25-30 °C. The reaction is rapid, with turbidity of the system observed in ~5 s, and the reaction can be stopped as needed within 1.5-2 h.
[0028] 2. The present invention utilizes dual surfactants as templates to control the Schiff base addition reaction of melamine, aromatic amine-acid and formaldehyde, thereby achieving the effect of controlling the morphology.
[0029] 3. The present invention has high safety, and uses a soft template method to regulate the polymerization process, avoiding the use of a hard template method using strong acids and bases.
[0030] 4. The present invention has a large adjustable space, and the transition from spherical products to rod-shaped products can be achieved by adjusting the amount of triblock polymer.
[0031] The synergistic effect between the high porosity of the carbon nanorods and the nitrogen doping strategy not only significantly increases the specific surface area of the material but also effectively modulates the surface chemistry, thereby providing abundant and easily accessible electrochemically active sites. The present invention utilizes a template to control the polymerization reaction, resulting in a nitrogen-containing one-dimensional morphology in a single step. Carbonization then yields high-specific-surface-area nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] Figure 1 SEM and TEM images of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods.
[0033] Figure 2 This is the SEM image of the polymerization product when no surfactant is added.
[0034] Figure 3 This is the SEM image of the polymerization product when only sodium alkylate is added as a template.
[0035] Figure 4 This is the SEM image of the polymerization product when only the triblock polymer is added as a template.
[0036] Figure 5 SEM images of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods prepared with different reaction times.
[0037] Figure 6 SEM images of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods prepared with different addition amounts of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid.
[0038] Figure 7 SEM images of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods prepared from sodium alkylate and triblock polymers of different masses.
[0039] Figure 8 SEM images, TEM images and element distribution maps of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods.
[0040] Figure 9 This is the specific capacitance curve of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods obtained by carbonization at 600℃.
[0041] Figure 10 This is the specific capacitance curve of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods obtained by carbonization at 700℃.
[0042] Figure 11 This is the specific capacitance curve of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods obtained by carbonization at 800℃.
[0043] Figure 12 This is the cycling performance diagram of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods obtained by carbonization at 700℃.
[0044] Figure 13 Nitrogen adsorption / desorption isotherms were performed for Examples 8, 9, and 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] The following non-limiting embodiments may enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.
[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, reagents, and materials used in the following examples are all conventional instruments, reagents, and materials available in the prior art and can be obtained through regular commercial channels. The experimental methods and detection methods used in the following examples are all conventional experimental methods and detection methods available in the prior art, unless otherwise specified. Example 1
[0047] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate and 0.16 g (0.013 mmol) of F127 were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution was designated as Solution A. 0.5 g (4 mmol) of melamine and 0.09 g (0.6 mmol) of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was maintained for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. Figure 1 SEM and TEM images of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods, where a and b are SEM images, and c and d are TEM images. Example 2
[0048] 0.5 g (4 mmol) of melamine and 0.09 g (0.6 mmol) of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was allowed to continue for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. Figure 2 SEM image of the polymerization product when no surfactant was added. It can be observed that the product is spherical. Example 3
[0049] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate was dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution was designated Solution A. 0.5 g (4 mmol) of melamine and 0.09 g (0.6 mmol) of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was allowed to continue for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. Figure 3 This is the SEM image of the polymerization product when only sodium alkylate is added as a template. Example 4
[0050] At room temperature, 0.16 g (0.013 mmol) of F127 was dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution was designated as Solution A. 0.5 g (4 mmol) of melamine and 0.09 g (0.6 mmol) of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated as Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was allowed to continue for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. Figure 4 The SEM image of the polymerized product when only the triblock polymer is added as a template. Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be inferred that the addition of dual surfactants is the key to the formation of rod-like products. Example 5
[0051] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate and 0.16 g (0.013 mmol) of F127 were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution was designated as Solution A. 0.5 g (4 mmol) of melamine and 0.09 g (0.6 mmol) of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was maintained for various times: 5 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, and 5 minutes. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. Figure 5 SEM images of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods prepared with different reaction times. Example 6
[0052] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate and 0.16 g (0.013 mmol) of F127 were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution was designated as Solution A. 0.5 g (4 mmol) of melamine and a certain amount of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was maintained for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. Figure 6SEM images of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods prepared with varying amounts of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid. Figures a, b, and c show nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods prepared with 0.6 g (0.4 mmol), 0.09 g (0.6 mmol), and 0.12 g (0.8 mmol), respectively, of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid. It can be seen that with the addition of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, the content of the rod-shaped product first increases and then decreases. Example 7
[0053] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate and a certain amount of F127 were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution was designated as Solution A. 0.5 g (4 mmol) of melamine and 0.09 g (0.6 mmol) of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated as Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was maintained for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. Figure 7 SEM images of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods prepared from sodium alkylate and triblock polymers of varying weights. Figures a, b, c, and d show nitrogen-containing one-dimensional polymer nanorods prepared with triblock polymer dosages of 0.08 g (0.0063 mmol), 0.12 g (0.0094 mmol), 0.16 g (0.013 mmol), and 0.20 g (0.016 mmol), respectively. It can be seen that the content of rod-like products gradually increases with the addition of triblock polymer. Example 8
[0054] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate and 0.16 g (0.013 mmol) of F127 were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution, designated as Solution A, was then added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated as Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was allowed to continue for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. The resulting solid polymer was ground into a powder using a mortar and pestle and evenly spread into a long crucible. The crucible, filled with the sample, was transferred to a tube furnace and carbonized at 700°C for 120 minutes under an inert atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the black carbon powder was collected. Figure 8 The SEM, TEM, and element distribution images of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods show that the elements are evenly distributed. Example 9
[0055] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate and 0.16 g (0.013 mmol) of F127 were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution, designated Solution A, was then added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was allowed to continue for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. The resulting solid polymer was ground into a powder using a mortar and pestle and evenly spread into a long crucible. The crucible, filled with the sample, was transferred to a tube furnace and carbonized at 600°C for 120 minutes under an inert atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the black carbon powder was collected. Figure 9 This is the specific capacitance curve of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods obtained by carbonization at 600℃. Example 10
[0056] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate and 0.16 g (0.013 mmol) of F127 were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution, designated Solution A, was then added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was maintained for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. The resulting solid polymer was ground into a powder using a mortar and pestle and evenly spread into a long crucible. The crucible, filled with the sample, was transferred to a tube furnace and carbonized at 700°C for 120 minutes under an inert atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the black carbon powder was collected. Figure 10 This is the specific capacitance curve of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods obtained by carbonization at 700℃. Example 11
[0057] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate and 0.16 g (0.013 mmol) of F127 were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution, designated Solution A, was then added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was allowed to continue for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. The resulting solid polymer was ground into a powder using a mortar and pestle and evenly spread into a long crucible. The crucible, filled with the sample, was transferred to a tube furnace and carbonized at 800°C for 120 minutes under an inert atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the black carbon powder was collected. Figure 11 This is the specific capacitance curve of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods obtained by carbonization at 800℃. Example 12
[0058] At room temperature, 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) of sodium palmitate and 0.16 g (0.013 mmol) of F127 were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and stirred vigorously for 3 hours. This solution was designated as Solution A. 0.5 g (4 mmol) of melamine and 0.09 g (0.6 mmol) of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were added to 100 mL of deionized water and stirred to form an aqueous solution, designated as Solution B. Solutions A and B were then mixed for 2 hours. Then, 5 mL of formaldehyde was added and the reaction was allowed to continue for 1.5 hours. The solid was collected after centrifugation, washing three times, and drying. The resulting solid polymer was ground into a powder using a mortar and pestle and evenly spread into a long crucible. The crucible, filled with the sample, was transferred to a tube furnace and carbonized at 700°C for 120 minutes under an inert atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the black carbon powder was collected. Figure 12 This is the cycling performance diagram of nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods obtained by carbonization at 700℃. Example 13
[0059] Nitrogen adsorption / desorption tests were performed on Examples 9, 10, and 11. Figure 13 As shown, all isotherms are type I / IV, that is, micropores and mesopores exist at the same time, which is a multi-level porous material. As the carbonization temperature increases, the specific surface area of the material increases and the pore structure also increases, which is conducive to the transmission of electrons.
[0060] The pore size test was performed on Examples 9, 10, and 11, and the data are shown in Table 1.
[0061] Table 1 Pore diameter data of synthetic materials of Examples 9, 10, and 11
[0062] a The total pore volume was obtained at P / P0≈0.99.
[0063] b Micropore volume obtained using the T-Plot method.
[0064] c The most probable pore diameter was obtained using the BJH adsorption method.
[0065] It can be seen that the most probable pore diameter decreases with increasing temperature.
[0066] The elemental composition analysis test was performed on Examples 9, 10, and 11, and the data are shown in Table 2.
[0067] Table 2 Elemental composition of the synthetic materials of Examples 9, 10, and 11
[0068] It can be seen that nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods show the best heteroatom doping effect when carbonized at 700 °C.
[0069] Anyone skilled in the art will be able to utilize the above-disclosed technical content to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or to modify it into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention that do not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Dissolve the surfactant sodium alkylate and triblock polymer in water and stir; (2) Using melamine as a raw material, mixing it with aromatic amine-acid, adding the solution obtained in step (1) and stirring to obtain rod-shaped micelles; (3) adding fatty aldehyde, reacting at 25-30 °C for 1.5-2 hours, and centrifuging to obtain a solid, which is a polymer nanorod; the molar ratio of the fatty aldehyde to the melamine is (4-8):1; (4) Carbonization at high temperature under inert atmosphere to obtain nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods.
2. The method for preparing nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods according to claim 1, wherein: The sodium alkylate is one of sodium laurylate, sodium hexadecylate, sodium octadecylate and sodium oleate.
3. The method for preparing nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triblock polymer is one of F127, P123, F68, and L35.
4. The method for preparing nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods according to claim 1, wherein: The aromatic amine-acid is one of 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, o-aminobenzoic acid, m-aminobenzoic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid; and the amount of the aromatic amine-acid is 10%-20% of the molar amount of melamine.
5. The method for preparing nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the sodium alkylate to the triblock polymer is 1:3-1:
5.
6. The method for preparing nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods according to claim 1, wherein: The fatty aldehyde is one of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde and adipaldehyde.
7. The method for preparing nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas used in the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, the carbonization temperature is 600-800°C, and the time is 100-120 minutes.
8. A nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorod, characterized in that: The method is prepared by any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorod according to claim 8, characterized in that: The size of the nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods is 500 nm-2 μm, and the diameter is 100-140 nm; the nitrogen content of the nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods is 13%-17%.
10. The use of the nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods according to claim 8, characterized in that: The nitrogen-containing one-dimensional carbon nanorods are used as supercapacitor electrode materials.