Femtosecond laser assisted solar cell packaging and preparation method

Abstract

The invention provides a femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method. The femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method comprises the following steps: coating a transition buffer layer on an electrode layer of a prepared cell body; coating a packaging protection layer on the transition buffer layer; performing rapid curing on the packaging protection layer by adopting first femtosecond pulse laser with first power; processing a surface microstructure of the packaging protection layer by adopting second femtosecond pulse laser with second power, so that the packaging protection layer has a super-hydrophobic surface; by adopting the packaging method, the packaging material of the solar cell is quickly cured, and then the surface super-hydrophobic microstructure is processed, so that the negative influence of the traditional cured packaging material on the performance of the solar cell is effectively avoided, and the weather resistance of the packaged cell is enhanced; the method is suitable for solar cell preparation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of solar cell preparation, and specifically to a femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging and preparation method. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of the global energy crisis and growing awareness of environmental protection, solar energy, as a clean, renewable energy source, has garnered widespread attention. While traditional silicon-based solar cells have been widely used, their manufacturing costs are high and they are limited by raw materials and energy consumption. In recent years, solar cells that use perovskite materials as the cell's light-absorbing layer have attracted widespread attention. Their advantages as a light-absorbing layer include high light absorption coefficient, adjustable band gap, long carrier diffusion distance, and low raw material costs. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has rapidly increased in just a few years. Since their initial development in 2009, their laboratory efficiency has rapidly increased from 3.8% to the current 27%, and there is still potential for further improvement. However, despite the significant performance breakthroughs achieved by perovskite solar cells, their stability and durability remain major obstacles to their commercial application.

[0003] Perovskite solar cells are susceptible to environmental factors during operation. Moisture, oxygen, ultraviolet light, and high temperatures can significantly accelerate the degradation of the perovskite layer, leading to degradation and even failure. Studies have shown that long-term exposure of perovskite materials to air, moisture, or high temperatures can lead to structural damage, reduced conductivity, and decreased photoelectric performance. Therefore, improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells has become a core research challenge.

[0004] To solve this problem, packaging technology is regarded as a key means to improve the stability and durability of perovskite solar cells. Packaging can effectively block the erosion of environmental factors such as moisture and oxygen, while protecting the battery from mechanical damage and interference from ultraviolet radiation. It is worth noting that packaging technology not only directly affects the service life of the battery, but is also closely related to its photoelectric conversion efficiency and economy. Currently, mainstream packaging solutions mostly use glass or polymer materials, but glass packaging has the problems of low light transmittance on the light-irradiated surface and high overall packaging quality, while polymer packaging requires a high-temperature lamination process. This process may accelerate the decomposition of perovskite materials, thereby affecting device performance, and packaged devices are susceptible to water stains and dirt after long-term outdoor use. Therefore, it is particularly important and urgent to seek a packaging method that can make the device have high light transmittance, strong hydrophobicity and anti-fouling properties, and have less impact on device performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve one of the above technical defects, the present application provides a femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging and preparation method.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present application, a femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell encapsulation method is provided, comprising:

[0007] coating a transition buffer layer on the electrode layer of the prepared battery body;

[0008] coating an encapsulation protective layer on the transition buffer layer;

[0009] Rapidly curing the packaging protective layer using a first femtosecond pulse laser with a first power;

[0010] A second femtosecond pulse laser with a second power is used to process the surface microstructure of the packaging protection layer so that the packaging protection layer has a super-hydrophobic surface.

[0011] Preferably, the wavelength of the first femtosecond pulse laser is 1030 nm, the repetition rate is 1 MHz, the first power is 500 mW, the scanning speed is 10 mm / s, and the line-by-line scanning interval is 1 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the wavelength of the second femtosecond pulse laser is 343 nm, the repetition rate is 100 kHz, the second power is 1 W, the scanning speed is 5 mm / s, and the processing groove pitch is 500 μm.

[0013] The transition buffer layer is made of PVP, PMMA or PVDF.

[0014] The packaging protection layer is made of epoxy resin glue.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present application, a femtosecond laser-assisted method for preparing a solar cell is provided, comprising:

[0016] providing a substrate;

[0017] A hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer, a buffer layer and an electrode layer are sequentially prepared on a substrate to obtain a prepared battery body;

[0018] The prepared solar cell body is packaged using the femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method as described above to obtain a prepared solar cell.

[0019] According to a third aspect of the present application, a solar cell is provided, characterized in that it comprises:

[0020] Battery body: It has substrate, hole transport layer, light absorption layer, passivation layer, electron transport layer, buffer layer and electrode layer from bottom to top;

[0021] Transition buffer layer: coated on the electrode layer of the battery body;

[0022] Encapsulation protective layer: coated on the transition buffer layer and having a super-hydrophobic surface; the encapsulation protective layer is quickly cured by a first femtosecond pulse laser having a first power, and the super-hydrophobic surface of the encapsulation protective layer is processed by a second femtosecond pulse laser having a second power.

[0023] Preferably, the solar cell is a perovskite solar cell, wherein the light absorbing layer is made of a perovskite material.

[0024] Preferably, the substrate is an ITO substrate;

[0025] The hole transport layer is made of NiO x solution;

[0026] The perovskite material component of the light absorbing layer is FA 0.85 Cs 0.15 PbI 2.85 Br 0.15 ;

[0027] The preparation material of the passivation layer is PEAI solution;

[0028] The preparation material of the electron transport layer is PCBM solution;

[0029] The buffer layer is prepared from a BCP solution.

[0030] The electrode layer is made of metal Ag.

[0031] The femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method provided in the present application is used to quickly solidify the packaging material and process the super-hydrophobic surface of the solar cell, respectively, effectively avoiding the negative impact of traditional cured packaging materials on the performance of solar cells and enhancing the weather resistance of the packaged cells: a low-power femtosecond pulse laser is used to cure the packaging material, and the high peak power and ultra-short pulse characteristics of the femtosecond pulse laser are utilized to complete the concentrated release of energy in an extremely short time. Therefore, the thermal effect of the packaging material under femtosecond laser irradiation is very limited, and the heat will not be conducted to the deep layer of the material, effectively avoiding the thermal damage of the traditional packaging method to the light-absorbing layer of the battery such as perovskite; a high-power femtosecond pulse laser is used to process a super-hydrophobic surface on the upper layer of the package. The super-hydrophobic surface has a micron-level rough structure. When it is contaminated by water droplets and dirt, it can avoid the accumulation of pollutants and clean the water droplets and dirt by itself, effectively reducing the contact area between water droplets, dirt and the packaging device, avoiding the influence of water droplets and dirt on the performance of the packaged battery, and significantly enhancing the self-cleaning property of the packaging device.

[0032] The femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell preparation method provided in this application solves the problems of low packaging efficiency and poor packaging quality in existing preparation technologies, improves the packaging quality and efficiency of the battery, and provides the necessary conditions for industrial packaging production; at the same time, since the femtosecond pulse laser is a light beam and does not need to contact the material surface for processing, it can avoid mechanical stress, thermal damage, friction or contamination caused by traditional packaging methods such as hot pressing. The prepared superhydrophobic microstructure has the characteristics of self-cleaning water droplets and dirt, enhancing the weather resistance of the packaged battery.

[0033] The perovskite solar cells and other types obtained by the solar cell preparation method provided in this application have no significant decrease in efficiency compared to before packaging, and have excellent self-cleaning properties against external pollution.

[0034] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present application. The purpose and other advantages of the present application can be realized and obtained by the contents indicated in the written description and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the femtosecond pulse laser working system provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0038] Figure 3 2 is a comparison diagram of the JV curves of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 of the present application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of battery performance between Example 1 of the present application and Comparative Examples 3 and 4;

[0040] Wherein: 20 is the battery body, 30 is the transition buffer layer, 40 is the encapsulation protection layer, 50 is the femtosecond pulse laser, 60 is the reflector, 70 is the scanner, and 80 is the sample stage;

[0041] 201 is a substrate, 202 is a hole transport layer, 203 is a light absorption layer, 204 is a passivation layer, 205 is an electron transport layer, 206 is a buffer layer, and 207 is an electrode layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clearly understood, the exemplary embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, and are not an exhaustive list of all the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other unless they conflict.

[0043] In view of some problems existing in the existing technology:

[0044] Example 1

[0045] In a first aspect, a femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method is provided in Example 1 of the present application.

[0046] Exemplarily, the packaging method includes the following steps:

[0047] A transition buffer layer 30 is coated on the electrode layer 207 of the prepared battery body 20. The transition buffer layer 30 is introduced because most battery packaging and protection materials will damage the light absorption layer of the battery. The introduction of the transition buffer layer 30 can protect the active layer such as the perovskite from chemical corrosion by the packaging and protection layer 40 without affecting the performance of the battery.

[0048] Coating an encapsulation protection layer 40 on the transition buffer layer 30; the introduction of the encapsulation protection layer 40 is to protect the battery from damage by the external environment and provide a basic material for other microstructure processing (such as super hydrophobic surface);

[0049] Rapidly curing the encapsulation protection layer 40 using a first femtosecond pulse laser with a first power;

[0050] A second femtosecond pulse laser with a second power is used to process the surface microstructure of the encapsulation protection layer 40 so that the encapsulation protection layer 40 has a super-hydrophobic surface.

[0051] In specific implementation, you can use Figure 1 The femtosecond pulse laser working system in the packaging protection layer 40 is used to quickly solidify and process the surface microstructure, such as Figure 1As shown, the femtosecond laser working system includes a femtosecond pulse laser 50, two reflectors 60, a scanner 70, and a sample stage 80. The femtosecond pulse laser 50 can have multiple operating modes and can emit femtosecond pulse lasers with different parameter conditions (such as power, wavelength, repetition rate, etc.) for application in different specific usage scenarios. For example, in the embodiment of the present application, the femtosecond pulse laser 50 can have two operating modes, which are used to rapidly cure the encapsulation protective layer 40 and process the surface microstructure. The two operating modes are integrated into one system, which improves the packaging efficiency of the entire device. When in use, the solar cell that needs to undergo rapid curing or microstructuring of the encapsulation protective layer 40 is placed on the sample stage 80. After adjusting the parameters of the first femtosecond pulse laser or the second femtosecond pulse laser, the femtosecond pulse laser 50 emits the corresponding femtosecond pulse laser. The femtosecond pulse laser is reflected by the two reflectors 60 and enters the scanner 70. Under the control of the scanner 70, the line-by-line curing scanning or surface microstructuring of the encapsulation protective layer 40 is completed.

[0052] In some possible implementations of the first aspect:

[0053] The first power is low power, and the second power is high power.

[0054] Optionally, the wavelength of the first femtosecond pulse laser is 1030 nm, the repetition rate is 1 MHz, the first power is 500 mW, the scanning speed is 10 mm / s, and the line-by-line scanning interval is 1 mm.

[0055] Optionally, the wavelength of the second femtosecond pulse laser is 343 nm, the repetition rate is 100 kHz, the second power is 1 W, the scanning speed is 5 mm / s, and the processing groove spacing is 500 μm.

[0056] In some possible implementations of the first aspect:

[0057] The transition buffer layer 30 is made of PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride). PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) is preferred. PVP as a transition buffer layer can prevent direct contact between the packaging material and the battery, thus preventing the perovskite active layer from being chemically eroded by the packaging protective layer 40, and will not affect the performance of the battery.

[0058] The packaging protective layer 40 is made of epoxy resin glue, which has excellent moisture and corrosion resistance and can effectively protect the battery from damage from the external environment. Secondly, epoxy resin glue has excellent processing properties after curing and is very suitable as a basic material for femtosecond laser microstructure processing.

[0059] Based on the above scheme, the embodiment of the present application utilizes two working modes of femtosecond pulse laser to respectively perform rapid curing of packaging materials and processing of super-hydrophobic microstructures on solar cells, effectively avoiding the negative impact of traditional cured packaging materials on the performance of solar cells and enhancing the weather resistance of the packaged batteries: a low-power femtosecond pulse laser is used to cure the packaging material, and the high peak power and ultra-short pulse characteristics of the femtosecond pulse laser are utilized to complete the concentrated release of energy in an extremely short time. Therefore, the thermal effect of the packaging material under femtosecond laser irradiation is very limited, and the heat will not be conducted to the deep layer of the material, effectively avoiding the thermal damage of the traditional packaging method to the light-absorbing layer of the battery such as perovskite; and a high-power femtosecond pulse laser is used to process a super-hydrophobic surface on the upper layer of the package. The super-hydrophobic surface has a micron-level rough structure. When it is contaminated by water droplets and dirt, it can avoid the accumulation of pollutants and clean up the water droplets and dirt by itself, effectively reducing the contact area between water droplets, dirt and the packaging device, avoiding the influence of water droplets and dirt on the performance of the packaged battery, and significantly enhancing the self-cleaning property of the packaging device.

[0060] In a second aspect, a femtosecond laser-assisted method for preparing solar cells is provided in Example 1 of the present application.

[0061] Exemplarily, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0062] A substrate 201 is provided and ultrasonically cleaned for 20 minutes using detergent water, glass water, deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, followed by drying in a 100° C. oven for 30 minutes. Finally, the substrate 201 is subjected to a 20-minute UV-ozone treatment to remove surface organic matter.

[0063] The treated substrate 201 is placed in an inert atmosphere device (e.g., a glove box), and then a hole transport layer 202, a light absorption layer 203, a passivation layer 204, an electron transport layer 205, and a buffer layer 206 are sequentially coated on the substrate 201. A metal layer is then evaporated on the buffer layer 206 using an evaporation machine to form an electrode layer 207, ultimately obtaining a prepared battery body 20.

[0064] The prepared battery body 20 is packaged using the packaging method in the first aspect to obtain a completed solar cell.

[0065] Based on the above scheme, the preparation method in the embodiment of the present application solves the problems of low packaging efficiency and poor packaging quality in the existing preparation technology, improves the packaging quality and efficiency of the battery, and provides the necessary conditions for industrial packaging production; at the same time, since the femtosecond pulse laser is a light beam and does not need to contact the surface of the material for processing, it can avoid mechanical stress, thermal damage, friction or pollution caused by traditional packaging methods such as hot pressing. The prepared superhydrophobic microstructure has the characteristics of self-cleaning water droplets and dirt, enhancing the weather resistance of the packaged battery.

[0066] In a third aspect, a solar cell is provided in Example 1 of the present application.

[0067] For example, Figure 3 As shown, the solar cell comprises:

[0068] Battery body 20: It has, from bottom to top, a substrate 201, a hole transport layer 202, a light absorption layer 203, a passivation layer 204, an electron transport layer 205, a buffer layer 206 and an electrode layer 207;

[0069] Transition buffer layer 30: coated on the metal electrode of the battery body. The transition buffer layer 30 is prepared in a glove box.

[0070] Encapsulation protective layer 40: coated on the transition buffer layer 30 and having a super-hydrophobic surface; the encapsulation protective layer 40 is quickly cured by a first femtosecond pulse laser having a first power, and the super-hydrophobic surface of the encapsulation protective layer 40 is processed by a second femtosecond pulse laser having a second power.

[0071] It should be noted that Figure 2 The structures shown in the figure are for schematic purposes only. To schematically illustrate the connection and positional relationships between the various thin film structures and packaging structures, the dimensions of each structure are adaptively adjusted or scaled.

[0072] In some possible implementations of the third aspect:

[0073] The solar cell is a perovskite solar cell, wherein the light absorbing layer 203 is made of a perovskite material.

[0074] In some possible implementations of the third aspect:

[0075] The substrate 201 is an ITO substrate;

[0076] The hole transport layer 202 is made of NiO X solution;

[0077] The perovskite material component of the light absorbing layer 203 is FA 0.85 Cs 0.15PbI 2.85 Br 0.15 (FA is formamidine);

[0078] The passivation layer 204 is made of PEAI (phenylethylamine iodide) solution.

[0079] The preparation material of the electron transport layer 205 is PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) solution;

[0080] The buffer layer 206 is made of a BCP (bathocuproine) solution.

[0081] The electrode layer 207 is made of metal Ag.

[0082] Based on the above scheme, the solar cells of the perovskite type obtained in the embodiments of the present application have no significant decrease in efficiency compared to before packaging, and have excellent self-cleaning properties against external pollution.

[0083] In order to demonstrate the beneficial effects of Example 1 of the present application, several comparative examples are listed below.

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] This comparative example 1 mainly provides the following process steps:

[0086] A substrate 201 is provided and ultrasonically cleaned for 20 minutes using detergent water, glass water, deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, followed by drying in a 100° C. oven for 30 minutes. Finally, the substrate 201 is subjected to a 20-minute UV-ozone treatment to remove surface organic matter.

[0087] The treated substrate 201 is placed in a device with an inert atmosphere (e.g., a glove box), and then a perovskite film is coated on the substrate 201;

[0088] Coating PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) on the perovskite film;

[0089] Apply epoxy resin glue on PVP;

[0090] The epoxy resin glue is irradiated with a first femtosecond pulse laser having a wavelength of 1030 nm, a repetition rate of 1 MHz, and a first power of 500 mW at a scanning speed of 10 mm / s and a line-by-line scanning interval of 1 mm to cause rapid curing.

[0091] Comparative Example 2

[0092] This comparative example 2 mainly provides the following process steps:

[0093] A substrate 201 is provided and ultrasonically cleaned for 20 minutes using detergent water, glass water, deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, followed by drying in a 100° C. oven for 30 minutes. Finally, the substrate 201 is subjected to a 20-minute UV-ozone treatment to remove surface organic matter.

[0094] The processed substrate 201 is placed in a device with an inert atmosphere (eg, a glove box), and then a perovskite film is coated on the substrate 201 .

[0095] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is that Comparative Example 1 uses the femtosecond pulse laser rapid curing packaging material method in Example 1 of the present application to encapsulate and protect the perovskite film, while Comparative Example 2 does not take any encapsulation protection measures for the perovskite film.

[0096] The encapsulated perovskite film in Comparative Example 1 and the unencapsulated perovskite film in Comparative Example 2 were placed in water for an encapsulation and water-insulating test. The color change time of each perovskite film was observed and recorded. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0097] Table 1: Statistics of color change time of perovskite films

[0098] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Color change time No change in 72 hours Change color within 2 seconds

[0099] The discoloration of the perovskite film indicates that the structural components of the perovskite have been destroyed. Comparative Example 1 did not change color during a longer immersion time, indicating that the use of femtosecond pulse laser to quickly solidify the packaging material can successfully isolate the impact of water on the device, and PVP will not have a negative impact on the perovskite film.

[0100] Comparative Example 3

[0101] This comparative example 3 mainly provides the following process steps:

[0102] A substrate 201 is provided and ultrasonically cleaned for 20 minutes using detergent water, glass water, deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, followed by drying in a 100° C. oven for 30 minutes. Finally, the substrate 201 is subjected to a 20-minute UV-ozone treatment to remove surface organic matter.

[0103] The treated substrate 201 is placed in a device with an inert atmosphere (such as a glove box), and then the hole transport layer 202, the light absorption layer 203, the passivation layer 204, the electron transport layer 205 and the buffer layer 206 are sequentially coated on the substrate 201. Then, a metal layer is evaporated on the buffer layer 206 using an evaporation machine to prepare an electrode layer 207, and finally the prepared battery body 20 is obtained.

[0104] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the battery body 20 is not packaged after being prepared in Comparative Example 3, while Example 1 completely packages the prepared battery body 20 using the packaging method of the first aspect.

[0105] The JV performance of the packaged battery in Example 1 and the unpackaged battery in Comparative Example 3 were tested, and the results were as follows: Figure 3 The JV curve comparison diagram shown in the figure shows the Figure 3 It can be clearly seen that the JV curve of the packaged battery in Example 1 is essentially identical to the JV curves of the three unpackaged batteries in the comparative examples, indicating that the method of curing the packaging material by irradiation with a femtosecond pulse laser in Example 1 of the present application does not negatively impact the performance of the battery itself. In other words, the solar cell packaging method provided in Example 1 of the present application minimizes the impact of the packaging process on device performance by effectively limiting the diffusion of its thermal effects through the high peak power and short pulse characteristics of the femtosecond pulse laser. Furthermore, it can shorten the packaging time, facilitate expansion into industrialized production, further reduce packaging costs, and achieve high-throughput packaging.

[0106] Comparative Example 4

[0107] This comparative example 4 mainly provides the following process steps:

[0108] A substrate 201 is provided and ultrasonically cleaned for 20 minutes using detergent water, glass water, deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, followed by drying in a 100° C. oven for 30 minutes. Finally, the substrate 201 is subjected to a 20-minute UV-ozone treatment to remove surface organic matter.

[0109] The treated substrate 201 is placed in an inert atmosphere device (e.g., a glove box), and then a hole transport layer 202, a light absorption layer 203, a passivation layer 204, an electron transport layer 205, and a buffer layer 206 are sequentially coated on the substrate 201. A metal layer is then evaporated on the buffer layer 206 using an evaporation machine to form an electrode layer 207, ultimately obtaining a prepared battery body 20.

[0110] The prepared cell body 20 is placed in a laminator for packaging to obtain a completed solar cell.

[0111] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that Comparative Example 4 uses a traditional laminator to encapsulate the prepared battery body 20, while Example 1 uses the encapsulation method of the first aspect to encapsulate the prepared battery body 20.

[0112] The performance of the packaged battery in Example 1, the packaged battery in Comparative Example 4 and the unpackaged battery in Comparative Example 3 was tested, and the following results were obtained: Figure 4 The battery performance comparison chart shown is from Figure 4 It can be clearly seen from the box plots in the figure that compared with the comparative example 4, the short-circuit current density J of the packaged battery obtained in the embodiment 1 is SC , open circuit voltage V OC , fill factor FF and solar power conversion efficiency PCE have been greatly improved (among which: for short-circuit current density J SC、 Example 1 increased 3.38 mA·cm compared with Comparative Example 4. -2 , for the open circuit voltage V OC、 Example 1 increases 0.04V compared with Comparative Example 4, the fill factor FF of Example 1 increases 4.94% compared with Comparative Example 4, and the solar light conversion efficiency PCE of Example 1 increases 3.85% compared with Comparative Example 4). At the same time, compared with Comparative Example 3, the performance of the packaged battery obtained in Example 1 does not decrease.

[0113] Comparative Example 5

[0114] This comparative example 5 mainly provides the following process steps:

[0115] A substrate 201 is provided and ultrasonically cleaned for 20 minutes using detergent water, glass water, deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, followed by drying in a 100° C. oven for 30 minutes. Finally, the substrate 201 is subjected to a 20-minute UV-ozone treatment to remove surface organic matter.

[0116] The treated substrate 201 is placed in an inert atmosphere device (e.g., a glove box), and then a hole transport layer 202, a light absorption layer 203, a passivation layer 204, an electron transport layer 205, and a buffer layer 206 are sequentially coated on the substrate 201. A metal layer is then evaporated on the buffer layer 206 using an evaporation machine to form an electrode layer 207, ultimately obtaining a prepared battery body 20.

[0117] PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) is coated on the battery body 20;

[0118] Apply epoxy resin glue on PVP;

[0119] The epoxy resin glue is irradiated with a first femtosecond pulse laser having a wavelength of 1030 nm, a repetition rate of 1 MHz, and a first power of 500 mW at a scanning speed of 10 mm / s and a line-by-line scanning interval of 1 mm to cause rapid curing.

[0120] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that after the transition buffer layer 30 and the encapsulation protective layer 40 are coated on the battery body 20 and the first femtosecond pulse laser is used to quickly cure the encapsulation protective layer 40, Comparative Example 5 does not perform the next step of super-hydrophobic surface processing, while Example 1, after the transition buffer layer 30 and the encapsulation protective layer 40 are coated and the first femtosecond pulse laser is used to quickly cure the encapsulation protective layer 30, also uses a second femtosecond pulse laser to process the encapsulation protective layer 40 into a super-hydrophobic surface.

[0121] The resulting packaged battery of Example 1 and the packaged battery of Comparative Example 5 were both placed at a 30° angle to the horizontal plane. A 10μL drop of water was dropped at the highest point, and the time it took for the drop to flow from the highest point to the horizontal plane was observed and recorded. The time it took for the drop to flow down the plane in Example 1 was 2 seconds, while it took 5 seconds in Comparative Example 5. This indicates that the droplet in Example 1 remained on the surface for a shorter period of time, indicating that the surface was more hydrophobic and self-cleaning.

[0122] Those skilled in the art should understand that in the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0123] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly indicate the quantity of the technical features indicated. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0124] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "having" and "having" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; they can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, or capable of mutual communication; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; they can be internally connected between two elements or interact with each other. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0125] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

[0126] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method, characterized in that: include: coating a transition buffer layer (30) on the electrode layer (207) of the prepared battery body (20); Coating a packaging protection layer (40) on the transition buffer layer (30); Using a first femtosecond pulse laser with a first power to quickly cure the packaging protection layer (40); A second femtosecond pulse laser with a second power is used to process the surface microstructure of the packaging protection layer (40), so that the packaging protection layer (40) has a super-hydrophobic surface.

2. The femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wavelength of the first femtosecond pulse laser is 1030 nm, the repetition rate is 1 MHz, the first power is 500 mW, the scanning speed is 10 mm / s, and the line-by-line scanning interval is 1 mm.

3. The femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method according to claim 1, wherein: The wavelength of the second femtosecond pulse laser is 343 nm, the repetition rate is 100 kHz, the second power is 1 W, the scanning speed is 5 mm / s, and the processing groove spacing is 500 μm.

4. The femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method according to claim 1, wherein: The transition buffer layer (30) is made of PVP, PMMA, or PVDF. The packaging protection layer (40) is made of epoxy resin glue.

5. A femtosecond laser-assisted method for preparing a solar cell, characterized in that: include: providing a substrate (201); A hole transport layer (202), a light absorption layer (203), a passivation layer (204), an electron transport layer (205), a buffer layer (206), and an electrode layer (207) are sequentially prepared on a substrate (201) to obtain a prepared battery body (20); The prepared solar cell body (20) is packaged using the femtosecond laser-assisted solar cell packaging method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 to obtain a prepared solar cell.

6. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: The battery body (20) comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate (201), a hole transport layer (202), a light absorption layer (203), a passivation layer (204), an electron transport layer (205), a buffer layer (206), and an electrode layer (207); Transition buffer layer (30): coated on the electrode layer (207) of the battery body (20); The encapsulation protection layer (40) is coated on the transition buffer layer (30) and has a super-hydrophobic surface; the curing of the encapsulation protection layer (40) is quickly completed by a first femtosecond pulse laser having a first power, and the super-hydrophobic surface of the encapsulation protection layer (40) is processed by a second femtosecond pulse laser having a second power.

7. The solar cell according to claim 6, wherein: The solar cell is a perovskite solar cell, wherein the light absorption layer (203) is made of a perovskite material.

8. The solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: The substrate (201) is an ITO substrate; The hole transport layer (202) is made of NiO x solution; The perovskite material component of the light absorbing layer (203) is FA 0.85 Cs 0.15 PbI 2.85 Br 0.15 ; The passivation layer (204) is prepared from a PEAI solution; The preparation material of the electron transport layer (205) is a PCBM solution; The buffer layer (206) is prepared from a BCP solution; The electrode layer (207) is made of metal Ag.

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