An ecological regulation method based on fish breeding requirements and application

Abstract

This invention discloses an ecological scheduling method and its application based on fish reproductive needs, belonging to the field of environmental protection technology in water conservancy and hydropower engineering. This invention specifically addresses the challenge of protecting fish that lay adhesive eggs. By establishing a population reproductive characteristic adaptation domain model (Ω(pi)), it quantifies for the first time the dynamic response relationship between water level fluctuations (proximal factor) and water temperature and flow velocity (terminal factor), breaking through the limitations of traditional ecological scheduling that only focuses on a single hydrological indicator. It achieves multi-objective collaborative optimization, balancing engineering needs such as flood control, power generation, and water supply with ecological protection through a dynamic adjustment model of ΔH(t). Through proximal factor monitoring and terminal factor feedback, it corrects the water level adjustment ΔH(t) in real time, improving the response speed compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, by dividing the control period according to the key processes of the fish life history, the water level fluctuation limit during the spawning period is more precise, providing an innovative technical method for ecological scheduling in water conservancy projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental protection technology in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to an ecological scheduling method and its application based on the reproductive needs of fish. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the relevant field, Chinese invention patent CN119599306A discloses a method for screening target objects for reservoir ecological regulation of fish species laying adhesive eggs in reservoir areas. This method includes obtaining the species composition, resource information, and reproductive habit characteristics of fish species laying adhesive eggs in reservoir areas; determining the first evaluation results for each species in the species composition information based on the first evaluation information, species composition information, resource information, and reproductive habit characteristics; performing correlation analysis on the first evaluation information based on the first evaluation results to obtain second evaluation information; obtaining the second evaluation results for each species in the species composition information based on the second evaluation information and the first evaluation results for each species in the species composition information; and determining the target objects for reservoir ecological regulation of fish species laying adhesive eggs in reservoir areas based on the second evaluation results. This method facilitates the development of targeted ecological regulation plans, thereby playing a positive role in mitigating the adverse effects of reservoir operation and ensuring the natural reproduction of target fish species in reservoir areas. Chinese invention patent CN119228167A discloses a reservoir ecological management method for the natural reproduction of fish species laying adhesive eggs downstream of a dam. This method includes: acquiring natural reproduction information of these fish species, including a composition of reproductive species; determining the species composition of target fish species for ecological management based on the reproductive species composition and screening information; determining the distribution information of the spawning grounds of the target fish species downstream of the dam after its construction based on the species composition, and determining the target river section for ecological management based on the distribution information; determining reservoir management information for the target fish species based on the species composition; and conducting reservoir ecological management based on the hydrological management information. This technical solution can mitigate the adverse effects of reservoir management on the natural reproduction of fish species laying adhesive eggs downstream of the dam, thus protecting and promoting their natural reproductive activities.

[0003] However, the above methods mainly address the reproductive information of the target fish species in ecological regulation (species composition, reproductive habits, etc.), as well as the suitable water temperature, flow rate, and water level fluctuation during the breeding season. These are all common knowledge in this technical field and do not address the issues during the operation of hydropower stations or reservoirs. fishThis paper addresses the problem of multi-objective collaborative optimization between fish reproductive needs and engineering scheduling (flood control, power generation, water supply, etc.). In determining whether hydrological scheduling information meets the feasibility requirements for reservoir implementation, if so, an ecological scheduling scheme is determined based on the hydrological information, and reservoir ecological scheduling is carried out according to this scheme. However, no further specific scheduling methods are provided. The key to reservoir scheduling is regulating water levels to control the fluctuation range of water levels in the reservoir area or river channel, requiring water level changes to fall precisely within the adaptation range of fish reproductive characteristics. Existing technologies also lack hydrological information, hydropower station scheduling information, and especially lack actual water level measurement data. Furthermore, fish that lay adhesive eggs are particularly sensitive to water level changes during critical periods of reproduction or development.

[0004] Therefore, from the perspective of protecting the genetic diversity of native fish species, it is necessary to combine the impact of hydrological changes in the operation of hydropower stations on fish spawning grounds, and strengthen the protection of fish resources that lay adhesive eggs through ecological scheduling measures. This is equivalent to finding a balance between hydropower stations (generating more electricity) and fish (protecting reproduction), so that the fish can survive while minimizing the loss of power generation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, in a first aspect of the present invention, a multi-objective collaborative optimization, fast response speed, and accurate ecological scheduling method based on fish reproductive needs is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Construct a set of native fish populations (P) that lay adhesive eggs, i.e., P = {p1, p2, ..., p...} n}or p i ∈P, each p i Representing a fish species that needs protection, different species may have vastly different environmental requirements; understanding the key processes (t) in the life history of fish populations; using water temperature (T) and water flow (F) as terminal factors, which directly affect the reproductive characteristics of the population;

[0007] (2) During the operation of the hydropower station, the water level (H) amplitude factor is used as the near-end factor, and H(t) represents the water level situation at time t. Drastic fluctuations in water level (near-end factor) will flood the spawning grounds or expose fish eggs and larvae, directly threatening reproduction.

[0008] (3) Identify the range of factors that cause changes in fish population reproduction, balance the fish population reproduction demand with the external environment through the ecological scheduling of hydropower stations, confirm the corresponding changes in fish reproduction technology, ensure the normal expression of the fish population life history, and minimize the energy consumption caused by water level changes.

[0009] Ecological regulation includes the adjustment of near-end factors. ΔH(t) is the amount of water level adjustment made to protect fish. Positive values ​​raise the water level and negative values ​​lower it. Flow regulation is achieved by controlling the opening of the gates of hydropower stations.

[0010] (4) Construct a specific range of terminal factors for the reproductive characteristics of each fish population, and adjust the proximal factors to maintain the terminal factors within the adaptation range of fish reproductive characteristics (Ω(p)). i ));

[0011] (5) Construct an actual ecological scheduling scheme based on the obtained information.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the key processes of the life history of fish populations are grasped through the investigation of the reproductive habits of native fish, and then the maximum adaptability of fish to the habitat of terminal factors is determined; the period of the key process includes the gonadal development, maturation, spawning, and early development of juvenile fish.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the proximal factor exerts its effect by influencing the terminal factor, thereby affecting fish reproductive technology.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), when the key process of the life history of the fish population that lays adhesive eggs is relatively long, the appropriate water level fluctuation process for each month should be determined.

[0015] Further optimization involves using fish spawning grounds as ecological control units, analyzing the fish species composition and the demand for terminal factors by various populations; statistically analyzing the natural water level fluctuations of the ecological control units, including intraday hourly water level fluctuations and average intraday water level fluctuations; and statistically analyzing daily intraday water level fluctuation data based on at least 5 consecutive years of measured data from hydrological stations near fish spawning grounds, and calculating monthly intraday water level fluctuations from January to December using the time-curve method at 50%, 75%, 90%, and 95% guarantee rates. The principle for controlling intraday water level fluctuations in spawning grounds is to ensure they do not exceed the natural water level fluctuation range. For broodstock gonadal spawning and early juvenile development, the intraday water level fluctuations should be controlled at a guarantee rate of 90% or higher to avoid sudden rises and falls in water level caused by unstable flows, maintain stable water levels in downstream channels, and reduce the impact of hydropower station discharge on downstream hydrological conditions. For broodstock gonadal development and maturity, the guarantee rate should be controlled at 50% or higher to maintain relatively stable water levels in downstream channels and reduce the risk of broodstock stranding.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), ecological scheduling satisfies ΔH(t)∈H avbl (t), H avbl (t) represents the water level adjustment range allowed by the hydropower station's engineering capacity; it indicates that there exists at least one water level adjustment that can meet the reproductive needs of all fish species, and the water level adjustment must be within the operating range allowed by the hydropower station.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the condition minΣ|ΔH(t)-H is satisfied. normal (t)| represents the sum of absolute values ​​of water level adjustments during key processes in the life history of fish populations, aiming to minimize interference with power generation plans while meeting the reproductive needs of fish; where H normal (t) represents the benchmark water level set by the hydropower station based on power generation needs when ecological needs are not considered. This water level fluctuation may submerge fish spawning grounds and needs to be adjusted through ΔH(t).

[0018] A further optimized formula for calculating the priority of ecological scheduling is Σ(ω i ·S i ); where ω i S represents the population endangerment coefficient. i =1-exp(-|ΔH(t) / H normal (t)|).

[0019] Preferably, in step (3), the corresponding changes in fish breeding technology are expressed as T h (p i ), F h (p i ) indicates; where T h (p i ) represents the effect of water level change on p i The influence of water temperature in the waters where the species is located, F h (p i ) represents the effect of water level change on p i The influence of water flow velocity on species: changes in water level can indirectly alter water temperature and flow velocity (terminal factors) through hydrodynamic processes.

[0020] More preferably, in step (4), [T] is satisfied. h (p i )(ΔH(t)), F h (p i (ΔH(t))]∈Ω(p i This means that by adjusting the water level ΔH(t), the change in terminal factor caused by the change in water level falls exactly within the adaptation domain of fish reproductive characteristics.

[0021] Preferably, in step (4), the proximal factor is adjusted to maintain the terminal factor within the range suitable for fish adaptation, Ω(p i )=[T min (p i ), T max (p i )]×[F min (p i ), F max (p i)], for p i Reproductive characteristics and adaptive domain of a species; where, [T min (p i ), T max (p i )] is for species p i The required water temperature range for breeding [minimum T] min , the highest T max ];[F min (p i ), F max (p i )] is for species p i Water flow range required for reproduction [minimum F] min , highest F max ]; "×" indicates a combination of two ranges (Cartesian product). The reproductive requirements of each species are a multidimensional safety range, and reproduction will fail if the range is exceeded.

[0022] In a second aspect of the invention, an ecological scheduling method based on fish reproductive needs, as described in the first aspect of the invention, is provided for the protection of resources of fish that lay adhesive eggs in water conservancy and hydropower engineering environments.

[0023] Based on the above technical solutions, the design concept and principle of this invention are as follows:

[0024] This invention addresses the degradation of the breeding habitat for fish that lay adhesive-deep-egg species due to the operation of cascade reservoirs. It proposes an ecological scheduling method based on the coupled regulation of proximal and terminal factors, which has significant advantages over existing technologies.

[0025] During the operation of a hydropower station, the outflow will cause fluctuations in water level, which may disrupt the maximum adaptability of fish habitats. Drastic water level fluctuations can flood spawning grounds or expose fish eggs, directly threatening fish reproduction. This invention designs the factor (water level, H) that causes changes in the reproductive characteristics of fish populations as a proximal factor, and uses H(t) to represent the water level situation at time t. Different populations have different life histories and different technical responses to water level fluctuations. Therefore, the corresponding changes in fish reproductive technology are represented by T. h (p i ), F h (p i) indicates. In order to protect the key processes of the fish population life history, identify the range of factors that cause changes in the population's reproductive technology, and balance the population's reproductive needs with the external environment through the ecological scheduling of hydropower stations, so as to ensure the normal expression of the population's life history and minimize the energy consumption caused by water level changes. Terminal factors are environmental factors that directly affect reproduction, while proximal factors (water level) play a role by affecting terminal factors. That is, water level changes may change the water flow speed or water temperature, thereby affecting the fish's reproductive technology. In constructing an ecological scheduling method based on the fish's reproductive needs, each population's reproductive characteristics have a specific range of terminal factors. The operation of the power station may cause water level fluctuations that exceed this range, leading to the problem that the reproductive technology cannot be realized. By adjusting the proximal factors, the terminal factors can be kept within the range that the fish can adapt to. After the design of this invention, the ecological scheduling method satisfies (1) p i ∈P; (2) ΔH(t)∈H avbl (t); (3) [T] h (p i )(ΔH(t)), F h (p i (ΔH(t))]∈Ω(p i (4) minΣ|ΔH(t)-H normal (t)|.

[0026] Based on the above design, this invention specifically addresses the challenge of protecting fish species that lay adhesive eggs. By establishing a population reproductive characteristic adaptation domain model (Ω(pi)), it quantifies for the first time the dynamic response relationship between water level fluctuations (proximal factor) and water temperature and flow velocity (terminal factor), breaking through the limitations of traditional scheduling that only focuses on a single hydrological indicator. It achieves multi-objective collaborative optimization by using a dynamic adjustment model of ΔH(t) to achieve a balance between engineering needs such as flood control, power generation, and water supply and ecological protection. Through monitoring of proximal factors and feedback of terminal factors, the water level adjustment amount ΔH(t) is corrected in real time, improving the response speed compared to traditional methods. By dividing the control period according to the key processes of the fish's life history, the water level fluctuation limit during the spawning period is more accurate, providing an innovative technical method for ecological scheduling of water conservancy projects.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention provides an ecological scheduling method based on fish reproductive needs, which has the advantages of multi-objective collaborative optimization, fast response speed, and accuracy.

[0029] This invention provides an application of an ecological scheduling method based on the reproductive needs of fish, which has broad application prospects in the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering for the protection of fish resources that lay adhesive eggs. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between fish reproductive needs and changes in environmental factors. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention is further illustrated below by way of embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein. Experimental methods in the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions were performed according to conventional methods and conditions, or as selected according to the product instructions.

[0032] The selected location in the implementation plan is a comprehensive utilization project that prioritizes flood control, combines water supply with power generation, and includes two spawning grounds for slimy fish in the reservoir area, which is located in the experimental area of ​​the National Nature Reserve for Rare Aquatic Animals.

[0033] According to the ecological regulation method based on fish reproductive needs of the present invention, the reproduction of fish that lay adhesive eggs is protected through the following specific ecological regulation measures:

[0034] (1) First, conduct basic surveys and data preparation for the river section, carry out special surveys of spawning grounds in the reservoir area, and confirm that the main protected objects are schizothorax and croakers that lay adhesive eggs. Construct a protected population set P={p1(schizothorax), p2(croakers)}; grasp the key processes (t) of the population life history, including the spawning period (April to June), the gonadal development period (March), and the juvenile development period (July); use water temperature and water flow as terminal factors;

[0035] (2) During the operation of the hydropower station, the water level fluctuation factor (H) is used as the near-end factor, and H(t) represents the water level situation at time t;

[0036] Terminal factors are environmental factors that directly affect reproduction, while proximal factors (water level) exert their influence by affecting terminal factors. That is, changes in water level can alter water flow velocity or water temperature, thereby affecting fish reproductive techniques. A diagram illustrating the relationship between fish reproductive needs and changes in environmental factors is shown below. Figure 1 As shown; Figure 1 In the diagram, box A represents the reproductive habits of native fish species in the river section, consisting of reproductive characteristic 1 of population 1, reproductive idiosyncratic characteristic 2 of population 2, ..., reproductive characteristic i of population i. For each population's reproductive characteristic (1, 2, ..., i), the vertical axis represents the terminal factor, and the range of expression is represented by a curve; the horizontal axis represents the population's life history, including key processes (such as gonadal development, maturation, spawning, and early juvenile development), which can only vary within the range of expression of this characteristic. After the hydropower station is operational, the expression of fish reproductive technology depends on the environmental conditions of the population. The rapid rise and fall of water levels caused by the downstream ecological flow will disrupt the maximum adaptability of the fish habitat. The undulating arrows represent the proximal factors (water level) that cause changes in the reproductive characteristics of fish populations.

[0037] Based on five consecutive years of hydrological monitoring, the daily water level fluctuations in the spawning ground river section were statistically analyzed, and the time-lapse curve method was used to determine:

[0038] ①During the spawning period (April to June), there is a 90% guarantee rate that the daily water level fluctuation will be ≤0.8 m;

[0039] ②During the gonadal development period (3 months), a 50% guarantee rate is maintained for daily water level fluctuations ≤ 1.2 m;

[0040] ③ During the juvenile fish development period (July), the daily water level fluctuation is guaranteed to be ≤0.6 m with a 90% success rate;

[0041] (3) Identify the range of factors that cause changes in population reproduction, balance the population reproduction demand with the external environment through the ecological scheduling of hydropower stations, confirm the corresponding changes in fish reproduction technology, ensure the normal expression of the population life history, and minimize the energy consumption caused by water level changes.

[0042] (4) Establish the terminal factor adaptation domain:

[0043] Ω(p1) = [water temperature 16~20 ℃] × [flow velocity 0.3~0.8 m / s];

[0044] Ω(p2) = [water temperature 14~18 ℃] × [flow velocity 0.2~0.6 m / s];

[0045] Based on the topographic features of the spawning grounds (thalweg elevation 372.35m, beach elevation 376~380m), a three-stage water level control system was constructed:

[0046] ① Basic water level layer (376 m): corresponding to a flow velocity threshold of 0.3 m / s during the spawning period;

[0047] ② Buffer adjustment layer (376±0.5 m): Allows for intraday amplitude control;

[0048] ③ Emergency protection layer (375.5 m): Minimum guaranteed water level in extreme situations;

[0049] (5) Construct an ecological scheduling scheme based on the obtained information:

[0050] Year-round phased scheduling:

[0051] ① From January to February, the water level is controlled at 400 m, with a water level fluctuation limit of ≤1.5 m / d. The terminal factor target is to maintain the overwintering water temperature at ≥8 ℃, and the corresponding key process for the population is the overwintering of parent fish.

[0052] ② In March, the water level is controlled at 378 m, with a water level fluctuation limit of ≤1.2 m / d. The terminal factor target is a water temperature gradient increase of ≤0.5 ℃ / d, and the corresponding key process for the population is gonadal development.

[0053] ③ From April to June, the water level is controlled at 376 m, with a water level fluctuation limit of ≤0.8 m / d. The terminal factor target is to keep the flow velocity stable in the range of 0.3-0.6 m / s, and the corresponding key processes of the population are spawning and egg attachment.

[0054] ④ In July, the water level is controlled at 377 m, with a water level fluctuation limit of ≤0.6 m / d. The terminal factor target is a flow velocity of ≤0.4 m / s, and the corresponding key process for the population is juvenile fish shelter.

[0055] ⑤ From August to December, control the water level at 384-400 m, with a water level fluctuation limit of ≤1.0 m / d. The terminal factor target is to avoid a sudden temperature drop of >1 ℃ / d, and the corresponding key process for the population is adult fish fattening.

[0056] In the actual process of ecological scheduling, a dynamic regulation mechanism is established based on the method provided by this invention, including the following:

[0057] ①Establish the ΔH(t) adjustment model:

[0058] minΣ|ΔH(t)-H normal (t)|;

[0059] st [T h (p i )(ΔH(t)), F h (p i (ΔH(t))]∈Ω(p i ), p i ∈P;

[0060] ΔH(t)∈H avbl (t) = [-1.5 m, +0.5 m] (gate adjustment capacity range).

[0061] ② Implement dual-channel monitoring:

[0062] Near-end factor monitoring: Six water level gauges were deployed to monitor changes in ΔH(t) in real time;

[0063] Terminal factor feedback: 12 hydrological-ecological joint observation points were set up to collect water temperature and flow velocity data every 2 hours.

[0064] Considering that Reservoir A's primary function is flood control, combined with water supply and power generation, a flood control-ecological coordinated scheduling and power generation-ecological coordinated mechanism will be implemented, taking into account factors and other parameters.

[0065] Flood control and ecological coordinated scheduling adopts an improved tiered flood discharge strategy:

[0066] ①Inflow rate Q≤2400 m³ 3 / s, according to the incoming water discharge, maintain ΔH≤0.3 m fluctuation;

[0067] ②Inflow rate 2400 <Q≤3600 m 3 / s, controlled release 2400 m 3 / s, the baseline water level will be restored within 12 hours after the flood discharge;

[0068] ③ Inflow rate 3600 <Q≤5700 m 3 / s, controlled discharge 3600 m 3 / s, activate the ecological flood discharge channel to reduce water flow turbulence;

[0069] ④ Inflow rate Q>5700 m³ 3 / s, open channel 4200 m 3 / s, followed by 72 hours of stable flow compensation scheduling.

[0070] Power generation-ecology coordination mechanism:

[0071] ① When setting the minimum hydroelectric head threshold to 16.5 m:

[0072] When the net water head H ≥ 16.5 m: ΔH(t) adjustment is allowed;

[0073] When 16.0 m ≤ H < 16.5 m: the constraint is ΔH(t) ≤ 0.2 m;

[0074] When H < 16.0 m: Power generation should be stopped first to protect the ecology.

[0075] ②Establish a power generation loss compensation model:

[0076] Ecological scheduling priority = Σ(ω i ·S i );

[0077] Where, ω i The population endangerment coefficient is (Schizothorax = 0.6, Croaker = 0.4).

[0078] S i =1-exp(-|ΔH(t) / H normal (t)|).

[0079] The implementation effect of the above-mentioned ecological scheduling method based on fish reproductive needs was verified to observe the actual effect of this method in application. Implementation monitoring showed that:

[0080] (1) The compliance rate of water level fluctuation in spawning grounds increased from 62% before the renovation to 89%;

[0081] (2) The number of eggs laid by Schizothorax aquaticus increased by 37% year-on-year, and the success rate of egg attachment increased to 78%;

[0082] (3) Power generation losses caused by ecological dispatching shall be controlled within 4.2% of annual power generation;

[0083] (4) The number of days with natural flow in the reservoir area has been successfully increased from an average of 98 days per year to 156 days per year.

[0084] In summary, this scheme fully realizes the core elements required by the technical solution, such as proximal factor control, terminal factor adaptation domain maintenance, and multi-objective optimization, forming a replicable protection paradigm for fish species that lay adhesive eggs, and providing innovative technical methods for ecological scheduling of water conservancy projects.

[0085] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An ecological scheduling method based on fish reproductive needs, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Construct the set P of native fish populations that lay adhesive eggs, i.e., P = {p1, p2, ..., p...} n }or p i ∈P; Master the key processes of fish population life history t; take water temperature T and water flow F, environmental factors that directly affect the reproductive characteristics of fish populations, as terminal factors; through the investigation of the reproductive habits of native fish, master the key processes of fish population life history, and then determine the maximum adaptability of fish to the terminal factors in their habitat; the periods of key processes include gonadal development, maturation, spawning, and early development of juvenile fish; (2) During the operation of the hydropower station, the water level H amplitude factor is used as the near-end factor, and H(t) represents the water level at time t. The near-end factor plays a role by influencing the terminal factor, and thus affects the fish breeding technology. When the key process of the life history of fish populations that lay adhesive eggs is long, the appropriate water level amplitude process for each month should be determined. (3) Identify the range of factors that cause changes in fish population reproduction, balance the fish population reproduction demand with the external environment through the ecological scheduling of hydropower stations, confirm the corresponding changes in fish reproduction technology, ensure the normal expression of the fish population life history, and minimize the energy consumption caused by water level changes. Ecological regulation includes adjustments to near-end factors. ΔH(t) is the amount of water level adjustment made to protect fish, with positive values ​​raising the water level and negative values ​​lowering it. Ecological scheduling meets ΔH(t)∈H avbl (t), H avbl (t) represents the water level adjustment range allowed by the hydropower station's engineering capacity; it indicates that there exists at least one water level adjustment that can meet the reproductive needs of all fish species, and the water level adjustment must be within the allowable operating range of the hydropower station; it satisfies minΣ|ΔH(t)-H normal (t)| represents the sum of absolute values ​​of water level adjustments during key stages of a fish population's life history, aiming to minimize disruption to power generation plans while meeting fish reproductive needs; where H normal (t) represents the baseline dispatch water level set by the hydropower station based on power generation demand, without considering ecological needs. Fluctuations in this water level may submerge fish spawning grounds and require adjustment via ΔH(t). The formula for calculating the ecological dispatch priority is Σ(ω). i ·S i ); where ω i S represents the population endangerment coefficient. i =1-exp(-|ΔH(t) / H normal (t)|); Corresponding changes in fish reproduction techniques are indicated by T h (p i ), F h (p i ); wherein T h (p i ) is the effect of water level changes on the water temperature of the water area in which the p i species is located, and F i (p i ) is the effect of water level changes on the flow rate of the water area in which the p i species is located. (4) Construct a specific range of terminal factors for the reproductive characteristics of each fish population, and adjust the proximal factors to maintain the terminal factors within the adaptation range of fish reproductive characteristics Ω(p). i ); Satisfy [T] h (p i )(ΔH(t)), F h (p i (ΔH(t))]∈Ω(p i This indicates that by adjusting the water level ΔH(t), the change in terminal factor caused by the water level change falls exactly within the adaptive range of fish reproductive characteristics; by adjusting the proximal factor, the terminal factor is maintained within the range of fish adaptation, Ω(p i )=[T min (p i ), T max (p i )]×[F min (p i ), F max (p i )], for p i Reproductive characteristics and adaptive domain of a species; [T min (p i ), T max (p i )] is for species p i The required water temperature range for breeding [minimum T] min , the highest T max ];[F min (p i ), F max (p i )] is for species p i Water flow range required for reproduction [minimum F] min , highest F max "×" indicates a combination of two ranges, representing the Cartesian product. The reproductive requirements of each species are a multidimensional safety range; exceeding this range will result in reproductive failure. (5) Construct an actual ecological scheduling scheme based on the obtained information.

2. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproductive needs according to claim 1, characterized in that: Using fish spawning grounds as ecological control units, this study analyzes the fish species composition and the demand for terminal factors by various populations. It statistically analyzes the natural water level fluctuations within these control units, including hourly and average daily water level fluctuations. Based on over five consecutive years of measured data from hydrological stations near the spawning grounds, it statistically analyzes daily water level fluctuations and calculates monthly daily water level fluctuations from January to December using the time-curve method, with guarantees of 50%, 75%, 90%, and 95%. The principle for controlling daily water level fluctuations in spawning grounds is to ensure they do not exceed the natural water level fluctuation range. For broodstock gonadal spawning and early juvenile development, the daily water level fluctuation should be controlled at a guarantee rate of 90% or higher to avoid sudden rises and falls in water level caused by unstable flows and to maintain stable water levels in downstream channels, reducing the impact of hydropower station discharge on downstream hydrological conditions. For broodstock gonadal development and maturity, the guarantee rate should be controlled at 50% or higher to maintain relatively stable water levels in downstream channels and reduce the risk of broodstock stranding.

3. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproductive needs as described in claim 1 or 2 is used for the protection of fish resources that lay adhesive eggs in water conservancy and hydropower engineering environments.

Images