Organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment and process method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation, and particularly relates to organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment which comprises a fermentation tank arranged on a base body, the fermentation tank is provided with a feeding end and a discharging end which are oppositely arranged, the feeding end is provided with a premix processing device, and the discharging end is provided with a discharging device; the stirring device is used for stirring materials in the fermentation tank, the stirring device comprises a main shaft and stirring blades arranged on the main shaft, the main shaft is eccentrically arranged relative to the fermentation tank, and the stirring blades are arranged on the main shaft. The distance between the stirring blades and the top wall of the fermentation tank is greater than the distance between the stirring blades and the bottom wall of the fermentation tank; the micro-aerobic device is communicated with the fermentation tank and is used for providing oxygen into the fermentation tank; and the modular heating device is arranged on the fermentation tank and is used for heating materials. Therefore, the problems of low fermentation efficiency, high energy consumption and high waste gas yield of fermentation equipment in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation, and in particular relates to an anaerobic fermentation device and a process method for organic waste. Background Art

[0002] Due to the large differences in the composition of organic waste (such as food waste and agricultural waste), it may contain high lignin, cellulose and other difficult-to-degrade substances, resulting in slow microbial decomposition. An imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) (such as too high or too low) will affect microbial activity and reduce gas production efficiency. Anaerobic fermentation is divided into two categories: mesophilic (30-45°C) and high temperature (50-60°C). If the temperature fluctuates or does not meet the standard, the efficiency of microbial metabolism will drop significantly. The accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) during fermentation may cause the pH to drop and inhibit the activity of methanogens. In addition, insufficient mechanical stirring will cause material stratification or crusting, resulting in low mass transfer efficiency; excessive stirring may destroy the microbial community.

[0003] Anaerobic fermentation relies on the synergistic action of hydrolytic bacteria, acid-producing bacteria, and methanogens. If the bacterial activity in any one link is insufficient (for example, sulfide inhibits methanogens), the overall efficiency will be reduced. If the hydraulic retention time (HRT) or solid retention time (SRT) is too short, organic matter will be discharged before it is fully degraded. Maintaining a constant temperature (especially for high-temperature fermentation) requires continuous energy consumption. If the reactor insulation performance is poor or the heat recovery system is inefficient, energy consumption will increase significantly. Pretreatment steps such as crushing, sorting, or desalination will increase additional energy consumption, especially for complex waste (such as mixed garbage). When the anaerobic environment is destroyed, facultative bacteria will undergo aerobic metabolism, producing CO2 instead of methane, resulting in increased waste gas. Overactive acid-producing bacteria can lead to the accumulation of VFA and CO2, which methanogens cannot convert in time. The decomposition of sulfur-containing organic matter (such as protein) produces H2S, which is a natural byproduct of anaerobic fermentation. If desulfurization measures are inadequate, the pressure on waste gas treatment will increase. Poor sealing of reactors or pipelines will cause methane (CH4) to escape, which not only reduces energy recovery but also increases greenhouse gas emissions.

[0004] In view of the problems of low fermentation efficiency, high energy consumption and high waste gas production in the fermentation equipment in the existing technology, it is urgent to provide a more reasonable technical solution to optimize and improve the entire anaerobic fermentation system, thereby solving the current technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an anaerobic fermentation device and a process method for organic waste, so as to solve the problems of low fermentation efficiency, high energy consumption and high waste gas production existing in the fermentation equipment in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an organic waste anaerobic fermentation device, comprising:

[0007] A fermentation tank is arranged on the base, and the fermentation tank has a feed end and a discharge end arranged opposite to each other, wherein the feed end is provided with a premix processing device, and the discharge end is provided with a discharge device;

[0008] a stirring device for stirring the material in the fermentation tank, the stirring device comprising a main shaft and a stirring blade disposed on the main shaft, wherein the main shaft is eccentrically disposed relative to the fermentation tank so that the spacing of the stirring blade from the top wall of the fermentation tank is greater than the spacing of the stirring blade from the bottom wall of the fermentation tank;

[0009] a micro-oxygen device, connected to the fermentation tank, for providing oxygen to the fermentation tank; and

[0010] The modular heating device is arranged on the fermentation tank and is used for heating materials.

[0011] Optionally, the stirring device comprises:

[0012] A driving motor for providing driving force;

[0013] a main shaft, disposed in the fermentation tank, and having both ends rotatably connected to the fermentation tank via second bearings; and

[0014] A plurality of stirring blades are provided, each stirring blade comprising a connecting rod and a material lifting body, wherein the connecting rod is spirally arranged along the axial direction of the main shaft, and two ends of the connecting rod are respectively fixedly connected to the main shaft and the material lifting body.

[0015] Optionally, along the rotation direction of the main shaft, the material lifting body has an opposite first material contact surface and a rear material contact surface, wherein an extension length of the rear material contact surface is greater than an extension length of the first material contact surface.

[0016] Optionally, the opening size of the material starting body gradually increases along the radial direction away from the main axis.

[0017] Optionally, the distance between the stirring blades and the bottom wall of the fermentation tank is at least 1 meter, and the distance between the stirring blades and the top wall of the fermentation tank is at least 1.5 meters.

[0018] Optionally, the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment also includes a limiting device, which includes a support frame and a third bearing, wherein the support frame is fixedly arranged in the fermentation tank; the third bearing is coaxially arranged relative to the main shaft and connected to the support frame; the main shaft is inserted into the inner ring of the third bearing.

[0019] Optionally, the inclination angle of the fermenter is 1‰ to 3‰ of the total length of the fermenter body.

[0020] Optionally, the premix processing device includes:

[0021] A feed box for accommodating materials, comprising a feed processing area, a secondary processing area, and a feeding processing area. Both ends of the secondary processing area are connected to the feed processing area and the feeding processing area, respectively. The feed processing area, the secondary processing area, and the feeding processing area are arranged in a stepped manner so that materials can fall.

[0022] A mixing mechanism is provided in the feed processing area, for stirring the material and directing the material from the feed processing area to the secondary processing area, wherein the dry matter content of the feed processing area is 20% to 40%;

[0023] A conveying mechanism is provided in the secondary processing area and the feeding processing area, and is used to stir the material and guide the material from the secondary processing area to the feeding processing area;

[0024] A pushing mechanism, provided in the feeding processing area, for pushing the material into the fermentation tank; and

[0025] The steam mechanism has a plurality of nozzles, which are arranged on the inner wall of the feed processing zone and face the material, so as to introduce hot steam onto the material.

[0026] Optionally, the micro-aerobic device and the discharging device are both configured in two groups and are respectively disposed in the lower area of ​​the fermentation tank.

[0027] Optionally, the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment further comprises a detection device communicatively connected to the controller, the detection device comprising one or more of a pressure sensor, a liquid level detector, a temperature sensor, and a torque sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is used to detect current pressure information in the fermentation tank, the liquid level detector is used to detect current liquid level height in the fermentation tank, the temperature sensor is used to detect current temperature information in the fermentation tank, and the torque sensor is provided on the main shaft and / or the stirring blade to detect current torque information;

[0028] The detection device further includes one or more of a methane sensor, a pH sensor, a hydrogen sulfide sensor, and a CO2 / O2 concentration analyzer.

[0029] A process for anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, used in the above-mentioned anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, comprises the following steps:

[0030] Transporting materials into the fermentation tank;

[0031] Acquiring first substance information in the fermentation tank, the first substance information including current gas component information, gas temperature information, gas humidity information, and gas pressure information;

[0032] Acquiring information about a second substance in the fermentation tank, the second substance information including material temperature information and material solid-liquid ratio information;

[0033] According to the first substance information and the second substance information, the premix processing device, the stirring device, the micro-oxygen device, the modular heating device and the discharging device are respectively controlled to perform corresponding actions.

[0034] The anaerobic fermentation equipment for organic waste operates as follows: During the pretreatment stage, a premix processing unit homogenizes and conditions the raw materials (controlling dry matter content between 20% and 40%) and kills pathogens. During the main fermentation stage, eccentric stirring and modular heating devices maintain an anaerobic environment, promoting the microbial chain reaction of hydrolysis, acid production, and methanogenesis. During the post-treatment stage, a discharge device steadily discharges residue to avoid disturbing the activated sludge layer.

[0035] Based on the eccentric setting of the main shaft, the main shaft deviates from the center of the tank, forming an asymmetric flow field (large gap at the top and small gap at the bottom), which breaks the large bubbles at the top (enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer). The strong shear force at the bottom can prevent precipitation, and the precise injection of trace oxygen (DO < 0.1 mg / L) through the micro-oxygen device can stimulate the activity of facultative bacteria and accelerate hydrolysis.

[0036] During the fermentation process, the large gap at the top can prevent the scum layer from clogging the stirring shaft and promote the release of biogas; the small gap at the bottom can enable high shear force to prevent sand and gravel deposition and reduce the wear rate. Through pulsed oxygen supply, the hydrolysis efficiency is improved without destroying the anaerobic environment. Modular heating devices (such as hot water jackets) are linked with stirring to improve temperature uniformity. Eccentric stirring increases the contact area of ​​cellulose and reduces the hydrolysis time; micro-oxygen stimulation increases the activity of methanogens and increases the proportion of CH4. Temperature and stirring are controlled in a coordinated manner to reduce pH fluctuations. Therefore, the fermentation efficiency and fermentation quality of the fermentation equipment are improved in this way. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a side structural diagram of the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the heating bodies in the modular heating device provided by the present invention, wherein the density of the heating bodies gradually decreases from left to right;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a perspective structural diagram of a premix processing device for a fermentation tank provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a stirring device in an anaerobic fermentation device for organic waste provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a stirring device in the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the stirring device in the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment provided by the present invention.

[0045] In the above drawings: 1-modular heating device, 11-heating body, 2-premix processing device, 21-feed box, 211-feed processing area, 212-secondary processing area, 213-feeding processing area, 22-mixing mechanism, 221-first positioning shaft, 222-first spiral blade, 223-first motor, 23-transportation mechanism, 231-second motor, 232-second spiral blade, 24-pushing mechanism, 25-steam mechanism, 26-weighing sensor, 27-camera, 3-fermentation tank, 4-discharging device, 5-stirring device, 51-main shaft, 52-stirring blade, 521-connecting rod, 522-lifting body, 5221-first contact material surface, 5222-later contact material surface, 6-micro-oxygen device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that although the description of these embodiments is intended to help understand the present invention, it does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be embodied in many alternative forms, and it should not be understood that the present invention is limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0047] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a modular heating device is provided for a fermentation tank. Figures 1 to 7 A specific implementation example of the modular heating device is shown.

[0048] See Figures 1 to 7As shown, the modular heating device 1 includes: a hot water tank for storing liquid; a plurality of connecting pipes, each of which is connected to the hot water tank at both ends through a pipeline, and a first control valve and a first solenoid valve are provided on the pipeline, and the first control valve is located near one end of the connecting pipe; a plurality of heat collecting mechanisms are provided corresponding to the connecting pipes, each heat collecting mechanism is connected to the connecting pipe, and is used to heat the introduced liquid; a circulation pump is connected to the pipeline so that water circulates between the hot water tank and the heat collecting mechanism; and a plurality of heating modules are provided, each heating module is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the fermentation tank 3; each heating module includes a plurality of heating bodies 11 arranged along the circumferential direction of the fermentation tank 3, and the heating bodies 11 made of heat-conducting material are connected in sequence; wherein, no heating module is provided in the top area of ​​the fermentation tank 3; the flow channels of the hot water tank, the connecting pipe, the pipeline, the heat collecting mechanism and the heating module together form a circulating water circuit.

[0049] The modular heating device adopts the method of indirect heating by circulating hot water, and forms a closed circulating water circuit through a hot water tank, a connecting pipe, a heat collecting mechanism, a circulating pump and a heating module to achieve uniform and controllable heating of the fermenter 3. Its core principle is as follows: the heat collecting mechanism (such as a solar collector, an electric heater or a waste heat recovery device) heats the liquid (water or thermal oil) and distributes it to each heating module through the connecting pipe. The circulating pump drives the hot water to flow in the circulating water circuit, and the heat is transferred to the organic waste in the fermenter 3 through the heating body 11 of the heat-conducting material. Multiple heating modules are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the fermenter 3 to avoid local overheating or uneven temperature. No heating module is provided in the top area of ​​the fermenter 3 to reduce heat loss and prevent crusting on the top. The hot water flow rate of each connecting pipe is adjusted by the first control valve and the first solenoid valve to achieve precise temperature control in different areas.

[0050] The low-temperature liquid in the hot water tank is pumped to the heat collection mechanism via a circulating pump, where it is heated and flows into the header. Solenoid valves, based on temperature sensor signals, control the flow of hot water into designated heating modules. The hot water flows through the module's heat conductor, where heat is transferred to the fermentation material through the tank walls. The cooled liquid then flows back to the hot water tank, forming a closed-loop circulation system. If the temperature in a specific area (such as the hydrolysis reaction zone) falls below the set point, the corresponding solenoid valve in the header opens wider, increasing the amount of hot water. If the top temperature is too high, some valves can be closed to reduce heat input.

[0051] Through the above-mentioned technical effects, the circulating water circuit reduces heat loss, reducing energy consumption by over 30% compared to direct electric heating. Thermally conductive materials (such as stainless steel or copper) enable the heating element 11 to improve heat transfer efficiency. Axial and circumferential segmented heating avoids "cold / hot zones" and maximizes microbial activity. Unheated top surfaces reduce water evaporation, prevent material drying and crusting, and improve gas release. Automated temperature control is achieved through valves and sensors to adapt to different fermentation stages (such as medium-temperature / high-temperature fermentation). This allows the fermentation process to maintain a temperature of 35-55°C (medium-temperature / high-temperature fermentation range), accelerating hydrolysis and methanogenesis rates and shortening residence time. Furthermore, precise temperature control prevents sudden pH drops caused by VFA accumulation, ensuring methanogen activity. This uniform heating method prevents localized anaerobic damage and reduces abnormal CO2 and H2S emissions. Temperature stability improves the metabolic efficiency of methanogens, increasing the proportion of CH4 in biogas by 10%-20%. Compared to traditional steam heating, it can effectively reduce the overall energy consumption of the circulating water system. Through a closed-loop circulation and zoned temperature control design, the uneven heating and high energy consumption issues of traditional fermentation tanks are resolved, significantly improving the stability and energy conversion efficiency of anaerobic fermentation. These technical advantages translate directly into higher biogas production, lower operating costs, and reduced waste gas emissions, making them suitable for large-scale organic waste treatment scenarios.

[0052] In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, see Figure 2 As shown, the inner and outer walls of the fermentation tank 3 are both embedded with a heating body 11, wherein the circumference of the inner wall of the fermentation tank 3 is F1, and the connecting length of the heating body 11 in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the fermentation tank 3 is F2, F2 = (0.25 ~ 0.5) F1, that is, the heating body 11 only covers part of the circumference of the inner wall (25% ~ 50%), forming an intermittent heat conduction surface to prevent the inner wall from overheating as a whole and causing material adhesion. The unheated area (low heat zone) allows the material to naturally settle and adjust its fluidity, reducing the energy consumption of stirring. The low heat zone of the inner wall reserves operating space for the mechanical scraper or cleaning device to avoid the maintenance difficulties caused by the full coverage of the heating body 11.

[0053] The outer wall circumference of the fermenter 3 is F3, and the circumferential length of the heater 11 along the outer wall of the fermenter 3 is F4, where F4 = (0.8-0.9) F3. This means that the outer wall heater 11 covers 80%-90% of the circumference, compensating for insufficient inner wall heating through external primary heating to maintain overall tank temperature stability. A 10%-20% non-heated area (such as an inspection port or sensor installation area) is reserved on the outer wall to balance functionality and thermal efficiency.

[0054] This technical solution reduces the direct thermal contact area between the inner wall and the material, lowering the risk of transient thermal shock to microorganisms in high-temperature zones (especially for methanogens). Radial heat diffusion through thermally conductive materials (such as stainless steel) achieves uniform heat transfer from a point heat source to a surface. The outer wall, serving as the primary heating surface, indirectly transfers heat through the thermal conductivity of the tank material (such as steel-lined PE), preventing localized overheating of the inner wall. A temperature gradient forms between the unheated inner wall area (low-heat zone) and the heated zone, driving natural convection (heat rise and cool fall) of the material and reducing reliance on mechanical agitation. The high coverage of the outer wall ensures continuous heat replenishment during convection, preventing temperature stratification. Conventional full-circle heating can easily lead to rapid evaporation of moisture near the inner wall, forming a hard crust. This design reduces the risk of crusting by retaining moisture in the low-heat zone. Thus, through synergistic heating of the inner and outer walls, a temperature field distribution characterized by "external primary heat and internal auxiliary heat" is achieved, keeping the temperature difference within the tank within ±1°C and promoting balanced activity of the microbial community.

[0055] It should be noted that, see Figure 2 As shown, the areas of the inner and outer walls not equipped with the heating element 11 overlap, creating a low-heat zone. This provides a path for bubbles (CH4 / CO2) to escape, preventing gas accumulation and the formation of a scum layer. This stabilizes the temperature field, avoids localized acidification (VFA accumulation), and reduces abnormal H2S and CO2 emissions. Methanogens are more active in a mild thermal environment, helping to increase the CH4 concentration in the biogas.

[0056] In order to reduce heat loss, the modular heating device 1 also includes an insulation module (not shown in the figure), which is detachably wrapped around the outer periphery of the fermentation tank 3. The detachable design facilitates the inspection and maintenance of the heating body 11, sensor or tank body, avoiding the problem of difficult maintenance of the traditional fixed insulation layer.

[0057] The insulation module isolates the outer wall of the fermentation tank 3 from the environment, suppresses convection and radiation heat dissipation, and reduces overall heat loss. The heating load of the hot water tank and the heat collection mechanism is reduced, the energy consumption of the circulation pump is reduced, and the overall energy efficiency of the system is improved. In a low temperature environment (such as winter), the insulation module can maintain the temperature fluctuation in the tank ≤±1°C, avoiding the decrease in the activity of the microbial community due to temperature difference stress. The time for the fermentation tank 3 to rise from room temperature to the target temperature (such as 35°C) is shortened, thereby accelerating the start-up phase of anaerobic fermentation. During high-temperature fermentation (50-60°C), the insulation module can reduce the need for additional heating; during medium-temperature fermentation (30-45°C), heat can be dissipated naturally. The metal fatigue problem caused by temperature difference stress on the outer wall of the tank is reduced, and the corrosion rate is reduced.

[0058] Specifically, the insulation module is connected to the fermenter 3 via a snap-on or screw connection. This snap-on or screw connection allows for quick installation and removal, facilitating maintenance of the heater 11, valves, sensors, and cleaning the exterior of the fermenter 3. The snap-on or screw connection ensures close contact between the insulation module and the tank surface, minimizing air gaps and preventing thermal bridges (localized heat dissipation) caused by looseness. Screw connections are suitable for heavy or high-pressure tanks, while snap-on connections are ideal for lightweight tanks or those requiring frequent maintenance.

[0059] The insulation module is equipped with a polyurethane layer. Polyurethane foam (PU) has a low thermal conductivity, effectively preventing heat loss. Compared to traditional rock wool or glass wool, polyurethane has a lower density, reducing the additional weight of the tank. The closed-cell structure of polyurethane blocks water vapor penetration, preventing rust on the tank's exterior due to condensation. Flame retardants can be added to improve fire resistance, making it suitable for use in flammable environments such as biogas.

[0060] In one embodiment provided in the present disclosure, a limiting groove is provided on the fermentation tank 3, and the heating body 11 is embedded in the limiting groove. A groove (limiting groove) of a specific depth is processed on the inner wall / outer wall of the fermentation tank 3, and the heating body 11 (such as a metal heat pipe or a heating plate) is embedded therein, flush with or slightly convex to the surface of the tank body. The size of the limiting groove matches the heating body 11 to ensure a tight fit and avoid loosening or displacement. The heating body 11 is in direct contact with the tank body through the limiting groove, reducing the contact thermal resistance and improving the heat transfer efficiency (compared with external heating). Compared with the external heating belt, the limiting groove embedded design prevents heat from being lost to the environment, and is particularly suitable for high-temperature fermentation (50-60°C). Under stirring or pump circulation conditions, the limiting groove fixes the heating body 11 to prevent loosening or breaking of the connection due to vibration. The limiting grooves are regularly distributed along the axial / circumferential direction of the tank body, making the layout of the heating body 11 more precise and eliminating local cold / hot zones.

[0061] Furthermore, a sealing layer is provided in the heating body 11 and the limiting groove. The sealing layer adopts a high temperature resistant, high thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity coefficient ≥ 1.5W / m·K) silicone sealant or ceramic filling sealant. Fill the microscopic gap between the heating body 11 and the limiting groove to reduce the contact thermal resistance. Block the corrosive gas (such as H2S, water vapor) in the fermentation tank 3 from penetrating into the joint of the heating body 11. The elastic sealant absorbs the tiny displacement caused by stirring or thermal deformation to avoid hard contact wear of the metal. After the sealant fills the gap, the temperature difference of the tank wall can be effectively reduced, and the activity stability of methanogens can be improved. In the case of vibration, the displacement of the heating body 11 can also be reduced by setting the sealant.

[0062] In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, see Figure 3As shown, the fermentation tank 3 has a feed port and a discharge port, and the density of the heating body 11 in each heating module gradually becomes thinner along the direction from the feed port to the discharge port. During the anaerobic fermentation process, organic waste undergoes three stages of hydrolysis → acid production → methane production along the flow direction, adapting to the different temperature requirements of each stage. Intensive heating at the feed end allows for rapid hydrolysis of difficult-to-degrade substances such as cellulose / lignin, shortening the residence time. Moderate heating in the middle section avoids excessive accumulation of VFA (volatile fatty acids) and improves pH stability. For materials containing straw, manure, etc., high temperature at the front end can break the wrapping effect, and low temperature at the back end prevents scum from compacting. When the feed concentration fluctuates, the system automatically adjusts the reaction rate through the temperature gradient, thereby improving gas production stability.

[0063] Specifically, the density of the flow channel can be decreased by 15% to 20% per meter. Furthermore, a temperature probe can be set at each density change node, for example, using optical fiber temperature measurement to avoid electromagnetic interference.

[0064] In one embodiment provided in the present disclosure, each heating module is set to a length of L1 along the axial direction of the fermentation tank 3, and the tank length of the fermentation tank 3 is L2, L2 = (0.5 ~ 0.8) L1. By shortening the length of the heating module (relative to the tank length), a heating zone (L1) and a non-heating transition zone (L2 ~ L1) are formed in the axial direction of the fermentation tank 3. The heating zone (L1) concentrates energy to maintain efficient hydrolysis / acidification; the transition zone (L2 ~ L1) is a suitable temperature for methane (30 ~ 38 ° C). The axial temperature difference promotes the natural partitioning of hydrolytic bacteria (front end) and methanogens (rear end), and the population efficiency is improved by more than 20%.

[0065] Compared with the whole tank length heating, the transition zone provided by the present disclosure utilizes the residual heat of the material to maintain the reaction, reducing the start and stop frequency of the heating module. The density difference between the heating zone and the non-heating zone (Δρ≈15kg / m 3 ) drives material circulation, reducing mixing energy consumption. When feed concentration changes suddenly, the transition zone acts as a buffer and effectively reduces gas production fluctuations. The higher surface humidity in the non-heating zone prevents scum from hardening (especially for high-fat materials such as food waste).

[0066] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the modular heating device 1 also includes a temperature detection mechanism and a pressure detection mechanism that are communicatively connected to the controller. The temperature detection mechanism is used to detect the current water temperature information in the heating body 11, and the pressure detection mechanism is used to detect the current water pressure information of the circulating water circuit. The controller is also communicatively connected to the first solenoid valve and the circulation pump to control the first solenoid valve and the circulation pump to perform corresponding actions according to the current water temperature information and the current water pressure information.

[0067] The temperature detection mechanism detects the water temperature of the heating element 11 and feeds it back to the controller to dynamically adjust the solenoid valve opening and pump speed to maintain the set temperature. By identifying the temperature difference between each heating module, the solenoid valve in the abnormal area is adjusted first (local correction) to avoid fluctuations in the overall system. Temperature stability improves the metabolic efficiency of methanogens and can increase the methane concentration to a certain extent. Pre-adjusting the heating power according to the feed temperature (such as 5°C in winter and 25°C in summer) can reduce steam consumption.

[0068] The pressure detection mechanism provides high-pressure protection, reducing pump speed and pressure relief, mitigating the risk of pipe bursts. When the pressure drops below 0.2 MPa, leak detection is triggered, allowing personnel to quickly locate the fault based on the controller's information and perform timely maintenance, minimizing waiting time. By calculating circulation resistance based on pressure differentials, pump speed can be intelligently adjusted, thereby reducing energy consumption. Pressure fluctuation frequency analysis (e.g., >5 Hz prompts for pipe cleaning) extends equipment life.

[0069] Through the fusion of temperature and pressure data (such as high temperature and low pressure prompting vaporization, triggering emergency cooling), the controller can predict trends (such as a temperature rise rate of 0.1°C / min indicates an overheating risk). Through the "monitoring-decision-execution" full-link closed loop, the heating system is upgraded from passive operation and maintenance to intelligent pre-control, becoming the core guarantee for the efficient and stable operation of anaerobic fermentation equipment. In this way, when the water temperature exceeds the limit, the solenoid valve opening is adjusted first (local correction); when the overall temperature deviation is greater than 2°C, the pump speed is adjusted in conjunction (system-level control). For feed temperature fluctuations (such as low-temperature raw materials in winter), the control response delay is less than 30 seconds. When the pressure is greater than 0.8MPa, the pump speed can be reduced to prevent pipe bursts; when the pressure is less than 0.2MPa, an alarm is triggered to detect leaks.

[0070] It should be noted that the term "and / or" appearing in this article is merely a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time.

[0071] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a fermenter is provided.

[0072] This fermenter includes the modular heating device 1 of the first aspect, thus achieving the same technical benefits as the modular heating device 1. Precise temperature control maximizes microbial activity and improves methane production. Dynamic heat load distribution and the coordinated arrangement of the insulation modules reduce heating energy consumption.

[0073] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a premix processing device for a fermenter is provided.

[0074] The premix processing device for a fermentation tank includes: a feed box 21 for accommodating materials, the feed box 21 having a feed processing area 211, a secondary processing area 212 and a feeding processing area 213 arranged in a stepped manner, and the two ends of the secondary processing area 212 are respectively connected to the feed processing area 211 and the feeding processing area 213; the feed processing area 211, the secondary processing area 212 and the feeding processing area 213 are arranged in a stepped manner in sequence so that the materials can fall; a mixing mechanism 22 is provided in the feed processing area 211 for stirring the materials and allowing the materials to flow from the feed processing area 211 to the feed processing area 213; The material is introduced into the secondary treatment zone 211 into the secondary treatment zone 212, and the dry matter content of the feed treatment zone 211 is made to be 20% to 40%; the conveying mechanism 23 is arranged in the secondary treatment zone 212 and the feed treatment zone 213, and is used to stir the material and introduce the material from the secondary treatment zone 212 into the feed treatment zone 213; the pushing mechanism 24 is arranged in the feed treatment zone 213, and is used to push the material into the fermentation tank 3; and the steam mechanism 25 has a plurality of nozzles, which are arranged on the inner wall of the feed treatment zone 211 and face the material, so as to introduce hot steam onto the material.

[0075] The operating principle of this premix processing device for fermenters is as follows: materials pass through the feed processing area 211, the secondary processing area 212, and the delivery processing area 213, utilizing the height difference (stepped design) to naturally fall, reducing mechanical conveying energy consumption. Specifically, in the feed processing area 211, the dry matter content is controlled at 20% to 40%. In the secondary processing area 212, the conveying mechanism 23 performs fine mixing (breaking lumps and homogenizing). In the delivery processing area 213, the pushing mechanism 24 pushes the material to the fermenter 3 in a fixed amount. The nozzle sprays low-pressure saturated steam, and the steam volume is dynamically adjusted based on feedback from temperature and humidity sensors.

[0076] The premix processing unit 2 operates as follows: In the feed processing zone 211, upon entering the material, a mixing mechanism 22 (e.g., a paddle-type agitator) performs primary crushing, while a steam nozzle injects hot steam. In the secondary processing zone 212, a conveying mechanism 23 (e.g., a screw conveyor) further mixes the material and monitors its uniformity (using a near-infrared sensor). In the feed processing zone 213, a hydraulic push mechanism 24 pushes the material into the fermenter 3 at a constant rate to prevent feed shock.

[0077] Through the above technical solutions, the material can be homogenized, the contact area of ​​microorganisms can be increased, and the hydrolysis time can be shortened. The precise control of dry matter can increase the CH4 production from 0.15 to 0.45m 3 / kg VS. Steam pretreatment reduces pH fluctuations and prevents acidification collapse. Killing pathogens reduces H2S generation. Working in conjunction with modular heating unit 1, the premix temperature is raised to 40°C to 50°C, reducing the heating load on fermenter 3. Through its innovative combination of physical grading and thermochemical conditioning, this premix processing unit 2 becomes a key preconditioning system for the efficient and stable operation of fermenter 3, making it particularly suitable for treating organic waste with complex composition and high solids content.

[0078] Furthermore, the nozzles in the feed processing area 211 are tilted, with the inclination of the nozzles relative to the horizontal decreasing from top to bottom. This helps maximize the diffusion of steam, allowing it to fully contact the material, ensuring the quality of the pretreatment of the material and thus helping the material ferment in the fermenter.

[0079] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the steam mechanism 25 includes a steam generating unit, a sub-cylinder and an ejector connected in sequence, the steam generating unit is used to provide steam; the ejectors are provided in plurality and arranged at intervals on the inner wall of the feed processing area 211, and the ejectors are connected to the sub-cylinders one by one, wherein a pressure reducing valve is provided between the sub-cylinder and the ejector, and the pressure reducing valve is communicatively connected to the controller.

[0080] Working Principle: High-pressure saturated steam is injected directly into the material (liquid / slurry) through a nozzle or perforated pipe. The high-speed steam flow creates turbulence, thoroughly mixing with the material. Upon contact with the low-temperature material, the steam rapidly condenses, releasing latent heat. The condensate mixes with the material, while the sensible heat of the steam (which cools to the material temperature) also transfers some heat. Through agitation or natural convection, the heat is evenly distributed throughout the feed processing area 211.

[0081] The high-pressure steam generated by the steam generation unit is evenly distributed to multiple ejectors, eliminating uneven flow across nozzles. A controller dynamically adjusts the pressure of each branch to meet the dry matter requirements of different materials. High-speed steam injection into the material creates localized turbulence, which facilitates condensation and releases latent heat to directly heat the material. The condensed water replenishes the moisture content of the material. This reduces the branch pressure and prevents the risk of bursting.

[0082] Multiple ejectors cover the entire cross-section of the feed zone, eliminating steam dead corners and reducing the standard deviation of the material moisture content. Steam instantly kills pathogens (such as E. coli) and reduces the risk of corruption in fermenter 3. The sub-cylinders distribute steam on demand, which can save energy. The ejector design promotes complete condensation of steam and reduces heat loss. For highly viscous materials (such as sludge), high-pressure injection breaks down the colloidal structure; and for fibrous materials (such as straw): low-pressure steam avoids excessive hydrolysis. The steam energy conversion rate is improved through the dual utilization of latent heat and sensible heat. Linked with the material sensor, millisecond-level dry matter closed-loop control is achieved.

[0083] Furthermore, the feed processing zone 211 is equipped with a second temperature detection mechanism communicatively connected to the controller. This second temperature detection mechanism is used to detect the current temperature information in the feed processing zone 211. The controller controls the operating status of the pressure reducing valve and the ejector accordingly based on this current temperature information. The second temperature detection mechanism monitors the material temperature in the feed processing zone 211 in real time, generating a feedback signal that is transmitted to the controller. This dynamically adjusts the opening of the pressure reducing valve and the start and stop of the ejector, maintaining precise control within ±1°C (e.g., 55°C) of the set temperature, avoiding energy waste or insufficient heating caused by excessive steam. The temperature signal is coupled with parameters such as dry matter content and steam pressure for calculation (e.g., using a PID algorithm known in the prior art) to achieve multivariable coordinated control. This achieves homogenized heating, ensuring temperature uniformity and minimizing differences in cellulose / starch hydrolysis rates. It also ensures pathogen inactivation, stably maintaining a temperature between 55°C and 60°C (the Salmonella inactivation threshold), significantly improving the sterilization rate. This allows steam heating to transition from "extensive supply" to "precision dosing." Temperature signals are linked with dry matter and pressure parameters to create an intelligent pretreatment model. This closed-loop temperature feedback system transforms the premixing unit into a "smart constant-temperature injector" for the fermentation system, making it particularly suitable for treating temperature-sensitive, high-value waste such as food waste and livestock manure.

[0084] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the mixing mechanism 22 includes a first positioning shaft 221, a first spiral blade 222 and a first motor 223. The first positioning shaft 221 is inserted in the feed processing area 211 and is connected to the feed box 21 through a first bearing; the drive shaft of the first motor 223 is transmission-connected to the first positioning shaft 221, and the first spiral blade 222 is spirally arranged along the first positioning shaft 221 and fixedly connected to the positioning shaft.

[0085] Through the above technical solution, the first spiral blade 222 is arranged in a spiral along the positioning axis and is driven to rotate by a motor to form a two-way mixing effect of axial propulsion and radial diffusion. In the axial direction, the inclined surface of the blade pushes the material to move toward the secondary processing area 212; in the radial direction, the shear force of the blade edge breaks up the clumps and realizes the tumbling of the material. The velocity gradient generated by the spiral blade (blade tip > center) promotes friction between material layers and enhances mixing. Through the rotation of the spiral blade, the contact area between steam and material is increased by 35 times, thereby improving the efficiency of heat and mass transfer. The vortex generated by the spiral blade increases the steam penetration depth, thereby improving the utilization rate of condensation heat, and the forced mixing reduces the standard deviation of dry matter distribution, meeting the feeding requirements of fermentation tank 3, and improving the gas production gain and operation stability of fermentation tank 3.

[0086] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the conveying mechanism 23 includes a second motor 231 and a second spiral blade 232, wherein the second spiral blade 232 is arranged in the feed box 21, and the two ends of the spiral blade are rotatably connected to the feed box 21 through second positioning shafts; the second motor 231 is transmission-connected to one of the second positioning shafts; when the second motor 231 rotates, the second positioning shaft drives the second spiral blade 232 to rotate for pushing materials.

[0087] The low-speed rotation of the second spiral blade 232 achieves fine homogenization of the material and breaks up lumps that were not fully mixed in the previous stage. High-speed rotation provides stable thrust, pressing the material into the fermenter 3 at a constant flow rate (such as 2.5t / h). The spiral blades are arranged axially to reduce the height of the equipment and reduce the lateral torsion acting on the main shaft. Homogeneous feeding is beneficial to increase the contact area of ​​microorganisms, and the peak methane yield is achieved in advance. Stable flow can avoid sudden changes in the load of the fermenter 3, which is beneficial to reduce pH fluctuations, thereby helping the fermentation work to proceed stably and reliably.

[0088] In the present disclosure, the pushing mechanism 24 is configured as a utility model patented as a straw livestock and poultry excrement pumping system (publication number CN209456266U), thereby pushing the material into the fermentation tank.

[0089] In the present disclosure, the feed box 21 comprises a cover and a body. The cover is formed into a structure that is compatible with the body and is movably mounted above the body. The cover fits tightly against the body (silicone sealing strips are optional), preventing the escape of dust (such as straw debris) or odors (H2S, NH3) during the pretreatment process, thereby meeting environmental emission standards.

[0090] In a specific embodiment, the box cover can be connected to the box body through a hydraulic rod / hinge, thereby realizing one-touch opening and closing (opening and closing angle 70° to 90°).

[0091] Furthermore, a transparent window (such as a polycarbonate panel) can be provided on the box cover to monitor the material status in real time and avoid overfilling.

[0092] For ease of operation, a handle is provided on the lid. The handle (usually a U-shaped or horizontal bar design) provides a point of force, allowing a single person to open and close the lid.

[0093] Furthermore, the handle surface may be provided with a corrugated anti-slip pattern or rubber coating, so that the gripping force remains greater than 50N when operated with wet gloves.

[0094] In the present disclosure, the feed box 21 is made of a metal material, and at least the inner wall of the feed box 21 is corrosion-resistant. The inner wall is made of corrosion-resistant metal (such as 316L stainless steel) or corrosion-resistant coating (such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), which can improve the tolerance of the feed box 21, help ensure the service life of the feed box 21, and reduce the impact on the feed box 21.

[0095] In one embodiment provided in the present disclosure, a weighing sensor 26 is provided on the bottom wall of the feed processing area 211 for weighing the current weight information of the material in the feed processing area 211; the weighing sensor 26 is communicatively connected to the controller, and the controller is communicatively connected to the mixing mechanism 22, the conveying mechanism 23, the pushing mechanism 24 and the steam mechanism 25, so as to control the mixing mechanism 22, the conveying mechanism 23, the pushing mechanism 24 and the steam mechanism 25 to perform corresponding actions according to the current weight information of the material.

[0096] Weighing sensor 26 monitors the weight of materials in feed processing area 211 in real time, replacing traditional batch metering methods and enabling continuous dynamic weighing. Weighing data is fed back to the controller. When overweight (e.g., the weighing data exceeds 120% of the design value), an audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the feed rate is automatically reduced. By precisely controlling the feed rate, fluctuations in the organic loading rate (OLR) of fermenter 3 are reduced, increasing the stability of methane yield. The steam injection rate is linearly adjusted with material weight, avoiding wasteful steam consumption with small amounts of material and saving steam costs.

[0097] In the present disclosure, the feed processing area 211 is provided with a camera 27, and the camera 27 is communicatively connected to the controller. Based on the setting of the camera 27, the state of the material can be captured in real time by a high-definition camera (such as a 2-megapixel industrial camera), such as observing the dryness and wetness of the material (through surface reflection analysis); the size of the material agglomerates (image segmentation algorithm detects agglomerates > 5 cm) and the mixing of foreign matter in the material (alarms for abnormal objects such as metal and plastic), thereby recording the entire pretreatment process and supporting playback analysis of the cause of the fault. By analyzing the distribution of dry matter through images, the steam injection amount is dynamically optimized, reducing energy consumption and improving efficiency. The detection of metal foreign matter avoids damage to subsequent equipment (such as spiral blades) and reduces maintenance costs.

[0098] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, an anaerobic fermentation device for organic waste is provided.

[0099] The anaerobic fermentation equipment for organic waste includes: a fermentation tank 3, which is arranged on a base, and the fermentation tank 3 has a feed end and a discharge end arranged opposite to each other, wherein the feed end is provided with a premix processing device 2, and the discharge end is provided with a discharge device 4; a stirring device 5, which is used to stir the material in the fermentation tank 3, and the stirring device 5 includes a main shaft 51 and a stirring blade 52 arranged on the main shaft 51, wherein the main shaft 51 is eccentrically arranged relative to the fermentation tank 3 so that the distance between the stirring blade 52 and the top wall of the fermentation tank 3 is greater than the distance between the stirring blade 52 and the bottom wall of the fermentation tank 3; a micro-oxygen device 6, which is connected to the fermentation tank 3 and is used to provide oxygen to the fermentation tank 3; and a modular heating device 1, which is provided on the fermentation tank 3 and is used to heat the material.

[0100] The operating principle of the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment is as follows: During the pretreatment stage, the premix processing device 2 homogenizes and conditions the raw materials (controlling the dry matter content to 20%-40%) and kills pathogens. During the main fermentation stage, the eccentric stirring and modular heating device 1 maintain an anaerobic environment, promoting the microbial chain reaction of hydrolysis, acid production, and methanogenesis. During the post-treatment stage, the discharge device 4 steadily discharges the residue to avoid disturbing the activated sludge layer.

[0101] Based on the eccentric setting of the main shaft 51, the main shaft 51 deviates from the center of the tank, forming an asymmetric flow field (large gap at the top and small gap at the bottom), so that large bubbles at the top are broken (enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer), and the strong shear force at the bottom can prevent precipitation. The precise injection of trace oxygen (DO < 0.1 mg / L) through the micro-oxygen device 6 can stimulate the activity of facultative bacteria and accelerate hydrolysis.

[0102] During the fermentation process, the large gap at the top can prevent the scum layer from clogging the stirring shaft and promote the release of biogas; while the small gap at the bottom can enable high shear force to prevent sand and gravel deposition and reduce the wear rate. Through pulsed oxygen supply, the hydrolysis efficiency is improved without destroying the anaerobic environment. The modular heating device 1 (such as a hot water jacket) is linked with the stirring to improve temperature uniformity. Eccentric stirring increases the contact area of ​​cellulose and reduces the hydrolysis time; micro-oxygen stimulation increases the activity of methanogens and increases the proportion of CH4. The coordinated control of temperature and stirring reduces pH fluctuations, which is beneficial to help fermentation.

[0103] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the stirring device 5 includes: a drive motor for providing driving force; a main shaft 51, which is arranged in the fermentation tank 3, and its two ends are rotatably connected to the fermentation tank 3 through a second bearing; and a plurality of stirring blades 52, each stirring blade 52 includes a connecting rod 521 and a lifting body 522, wherein the connecting rod 521 is spirally arranged along the axial direction of the main shaft 51, and the two ends of the connecting rod 521 are respectively fixedly connected to the main shaft 51 and the lifting body 522.

[0104] The working principle of the stirring device 5 is as follows: the spirally arranged connecting rod 521 pushes the material along the main axis 51, forming a longitudinal circulation (speed 0.3-0.6 m / s). The rotating material lifting body 522 generates centrifugal force, causing the material to disperse radially toward the tank wall. The bowl-shaped structure of the lifting body 522 scoops up the bottom sediment on the rising side, achieving material exchange between the bottom and top. The continuous curved surface of the spiral connecting rod 521 disrupts the laminar boundary layer, allowing high-solids materials to be effectively mixed. As the lifting body 522 rotates, a low-pressure area is formed on the back, promoting the detachment of biogas bubbles.

[0105] The drive motor starts at a low speed to avoid torque surges that damage the bearings. The lifting body 522 scrapes the bottom of the tank, lifting the settled sludge to the upper middle portion. The spiral connecting rod 521 propels the material axially. The edge of the lifting body 522 breaks up large bubbles.

[0106] In actual application, the material lifting body 522 can be reversed regularly (5 rpm, 30 seconds) to clean the entangled fibers using the back side, thereby ensuring its use effect.

[0107] The bowl-shaped structure (usually with a diameter of 1 / 3 the length of the main shaft 51) has a clearance of 10 to 15 mm from the tank bottom, creating a forced scraping effect to prevent anaerobic compaction of the bottom material (common in livestock and poultry manure fermentation). When the material lifting body 522 rotates, Taylor vortices are generated, increasing the contact area between the biogas and the liquid.

[0108] Furthermore, serrations may be provided on the bowl edge of the material raising body 522 to break up the foam layer and prevent scum from accumulating.

[0109] Furthermore, along the rotational direction of the main shaft 51, the material lifting body 522 has a first contact surface 5221 and a second contact surface 5222, with the second contact surface 5222 extending longer than the first contact surface 5221. The asymmetric structure of the material lifting body 522 allows the first contact surface (short side) to quickly penetrate the material, reducing starting resistance; while the second contact surface (long side) prolongs the action time, generating sustained lift (similar to the Bernoulli effect of an airplane wing).

[0110] When the material lifting body 522 rotates, it generates asymmetric vortices. On the short side, a high-speed zone is formed to break up clumps; on the long side, a low-pressure zone (suction effect) is formed to lift the bottom material. The first contact surface of the short side reduces direct impact with the sediment, reducing the wear rate, while the rear contact surface of the long side scoops up the sediment in a "bucket" shape, improving conveying efficiency. Thus, the dual effects of the short side performing the shearing function and the long side lifting the material are beneficial for the tail vortex generated at the end of the long side to promote biogas release and shorten the residual time of bubbles.

[0111] Furthermore, the opening of the material extraction body 522 gradually increases in size radially away from the main axis 51. This gradual expansion forms a diffusion channel, reducing the flow velocity of the material as it leaves the main axis 51 and shifting the flow direction from radial to axial. In the proximal region (small opening), high shear breaks up fiber clumps, while in the distal region (large opening), low shear protects the methanogenic flocs.

[0112] The gradually diverging blade structure reduces fluid separation losses, achieving superior energy savings compared to straight-tube blades. The small opening creates a strong disturbance, refreshing the boundary layer, while the large opening creates a wide flow field, covering the far dead zone. High-density materials like sand and gravel are concentrated in the small opening due to centrifugal force, resulting in concentrated crushing. Lightweight fibers are evenly dispersed along the large opening.

[0113] In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the distance between the stirring blade 52 and the bottom wall of the fermentation tank 3 is at least 1 meter, and the distance between the stirring blade 52 and the top wall of the fermentation tank 3 is at least 1.5 meters.

[0114] The large gap at the bottom (≥1m) can reserve enough space to accommodate the sedimentation layer (such as sand and gravel, and difficult-to-degrade solids), avoiding the scraping of the bottom by the mixing blade 52. It can reduce wear and increase the life of the blade. For the bottom of the blade, a low-speed circulation zone (0.1-0.3m / s) can be formed to allow heavy particles to settle naturally and light materials to be sucked up. The large gap at the top (≥1.5m) can provide a gas-liquid separation space, thereby providing an expansion area for biogas bubbles, making the bubble diameter larger and the rising speed increased; and in the crushing area, the blades can rotate to shear large bubbles and increase the release rate. In this way, it can prevent the scum layer from being broken due to blade disturbance and reduce foam entrainment.

[0115] By dividing the vertical space of the tank into sedimentation zone (bottom), reaction zone (middle), and separation zone (top), it helps to facilitate efficient fermentation of materials; the spacing setting can better match the sedimentation characteristics of microorganisms; the bottom gap serves as a "safety buffer zone" to prevent stirring from overload and bottoming out.

[0116] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment also includes a limiting device, which includes a support frame and a third bearing. The support frame is fixedly arranged in the fermentation tank 3; the third bearing is coaxially arranged relative to the main shaft 51 and connected to the support frame; the main shaft 51 is inserted in the inner ring of the third bearing.

[0117] The limiting device can provide dynamic support. Specifically, when the main shaft 51 rotates, the inner ring of the third bearing rotates with the main shaft 51, and the outer ring is fixed to the tank body through the support frame to restrain the radial runout of the main shaft 51; at the same time, the end face of the bearing cooperates with the shoulder of the main shaft 51 to prevent the axial movement of the stirring blade 52. The bending moment generated by the stirring torque is dispersed to the tank wall through the support frame to avoid stress concentration at the root of the main shaft 51. When the material suddenly thickens (such as fiber winding) and causes a surge in torque, the bearing temperature sensor triggers an alarm. In this way, the swing of the main shaft 51 can be limited to make the stirring flow field more stable, and the support frame controls the deflection of the main shaft 51 within a certain range to reduce mechanical vibration.

[0118] In one embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the inclination angle of the fermentation tank 3 is 1‰ to 3‰ of the total length of the fermentation tank body. The setting of the inclination angle can make the bottom sediment (such as sand and gravel, and difficult-to-degrade solids) slide along the slope to the low-level mud collection area, avoiding accumulation in the entire bottom of the tank, and reducing the thickness of the sediment layer from 30 to 50 cm to 10 to 15 cm. The light liquid phase flows to a high position under the action of the gravity component, forming a continuous microcirculation, promoting the contact between materials and microorganisms, and reducing the stirring dead corners.

[0119] In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, two groups of micro-aerobic devices 6 are provided and both are arranged at the feed end of the fermenter 3 . The gas nozzles of the micro-aerobic devices 6 are arranged in the lower area of ​​the fermenter 3 and spaced apart from the stirring blades 52 .

[0120] The micro-oxygen device 6 injects trace amounts of oxygen (DO 0.05-0.1 mg / L) during the organic matter hydrolysis stage (feed end), stimulating the activity of facultative bacteria (such as Bacillus), increasing the rate of cellulose decomposition, and simultaneously improving the efficiency of volatile fatty acid (VFA) conversion. The micro-oxygen device 6 is spaced apart from the stirring blades 52 to prevent the airflow from being directly sheared and dissipated by the blades. The oxygen supply design decouples the hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages through "precisely positioned, micro-controlled biological synergy," improving overall efficiency.

[0121] In one embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the discharging device 4 includes a third motor and a third spiral blade, wherein the third spiral blade is arranged in the fermentation tank 3, and one end of the spiral blade is connected to the fermentation tank 3 through a third positioning shaft; the third motor is transmission-connected to the third positioning shaft; when the third motor rotates, the third positioning shaft drives the third spiral blade to rotate to push the material out of the fermentation tank 3.

[0122] Discharge device 4 utilizes a variable pitch design (large pitch at the feed end, small pitch at the discharge end). The large pitch rapidly collects material during rotation (flow rate 0.4-0.6 m / s); the decreasing pitch increases the pushing pressure (up to 0.15 MPa), overcoming the liquid level resistance within fermenter 3. The gap between the blades and the tank wall is ≤3 mm to prevent material backflow. The third motor starts at a low speed (15 rpm) to avoid hydraulic shock. The spiral blades push the fermentation residue from the tank bottom toward the discharge port. Simultaneously, the squeezing action causes the free liquid to flow back into the reaction zone. The low-pressure area on the back of the blades promotes the desorption of residual biogas.

[0123] In the present disclosure, the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment also includes a detection device communicatively connected to the controller, the detection device includes one or more of a pressure sensor, a liquid level detector, a temperature sensor and a torque sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is used to detect the current pressure information in the fermentation tank 3, the liquid level detector is used to detect the current liquid level height in the fermentation tank 3, the temperature sensor is used to detect the current temperature information in the fermentation tank 3, and the torque sensor is arranged on the main shaft 51 and / or the stirring blade 52 for detecting the current torque information; the detection device also includes one or more of a methane sensor, a pH sensor, a hydrogen sulfide sensor and a CO2 / O2 concentration analyzer.

[0124] When the temperature sensor detects an abnormal temperature rise (e.g. >60°C), the modular heating device 1 is automatically adjusted and the pressure is released to avoid the chain reaction of "overheating, gas production, and overpressure." When the pH is <6.2 and the ORP is >200mV, the alkali solution dosing system is triggered to prevent acidification collapse.

[0125] The torque sensor detects the increase in viscosity (such as fiber accumulation) and automatically increases the stirring speed (by 10%) to avoid local precipitation.

[0126] The methane sensor controls the micro-oxygenation device 6 in real time, stabilizing the DO at 0.05-0.1 mg / L during the hydrolysis phase and increasing the hydrolysis rate. When the CO2 / O2 analyzer detects CO2 > 40%, it automatically adjusts the feed rate or pH to increase the CH4 content to > 60%.

[0127] The pressure sensor detects a sudden drop in air pressure (such as a pipeline leak) and can quickly close the air intake valve and sound an alarm.

[0128] The liquid level detector identifies an abnormal rise in foam. The torque trend analysis predicts wear on the spindle 51 bearing, allowing maintenance to be scheduled in advance.

[0129] In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the micro-aerobic device 6 and the discharging device 4 are each configured in two groups and are respectively disposed in the lower area of ​​the fermentation tank 3 .

[0130] The two sets of air nozzles in the micro-aerobic device 6 are arranged diagonally at the bottom of the fermenter 3, covering 80% of the cross-sectional area and forming a cross-flow. The double-helix discharge shafts are arranged in parallel to achieve bidirectional material delivery and improve the efficiency of residue discharge. If one set of micro-aerobic devices 6 fails, the other set of micro-aerobic devices 6 can still maintain 50% of the processing capacity, thereby ensuring the reliability of the system during operation. The two sets of air nozzles work together to optimize the dissolved oxygen (DO) gradient from 0.05-0.3 mg / L (single set) to 0.08-0.15 mg / L (double set), thereby improving the activity of facultative bacteria.

[0131] It should be noted that the pressure sensors, liquid level detectors, temperature sensors, torque sensors, methane sensors, pH sensors, hydrogen sulfide sensors and CO2 / O2 concentration analyzers disclosed in this disclosure are all equipped with detection instruments in the prior art. Those skilled in the art can select any suitable detection instrument according to actual needs.

[0132] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a process method for anaerobic fermentation equipment of organic waste is provided.

[0133] The process method of the organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment includes the following steps: conveying material into the fermentation tank 3; obtaining first material information in the fermentation tank 3, the first material information including current gas component information, gas temperature information, gas humidity information and gas pressure information; obtaining second material information in the fermentation tank 3, the second material information including material temperature information and material solid-liquid ratio information; and according to the first material information and the second material information, respectively controlling the premix processing device 2, the stirring device 5, the micro-oxygen device 6, the modular heating device 1 and the discharge device 4 to perform corresponding actions.

[0134] The specific process flow of organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment is as follows:

[0135] The material enters through the premix processing device 2 (stepped feed box 21), is conditioned by steam (controlling dry matter to 20% to 40%), and is crushed and homogenized by the mixing mechanism 22 (spiral blades).

[0136] The steam volume is dynamically adjusted based on the feedback from the weighing sensor 26; the mixing speed (20-60 rpm) is automatically adjusted based on the material viscosity (torque sensor).

[0137] Two sets of micro-oxygen devices 6 inject trace oxygen (DO 0.05-0.1 mg / L) at the lower part of the feed end to stimulate the activity of facultative bacteria.

[0138] After the material enters the fermentation tank 3, the eccentric agitator 5 (main shaft 51 and spiral blades) operates, forming a three-dimensional flow field. The top (1.5m gap) creates a degassing zone, breaking up large bubbles; while the bottom (1m gap) creates a strong shear zone, preventing sedimentation.

[0139] The double-screw discharge device 4 squeezes the residue and the free liquid flows back to the reaction zone.

[0140] The torque sensor is protected against overload and the level detector is protected against overflow.

[0141] This process optimizes the entire process through "precise pretreatment, intelligent fermentation, and efficient recycling," enabling closed-loop control based on multi-sensor feedback to adapt to complex feedstock fluctuations. This improves biogas quality and the calorific value of residual waste, opening up new pathways for energy utilization. It is particularly suitable for the large-scale treatment of high-solids, high-sulfur, and high-fiber organic waste.

[0142] Finally, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned optional embodiments. Anyone can derive various other product forms based on the teachings of this invention. The aforementioned specific embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims, and the specification may be used to interpret the claims.

Claims

1. An organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment, characterized in that, include: A fermentation tank is arranged on the base, the fermentation tank having a feed end and a discharge end arranged opposite to each other, wherein the feed end is provided with a premix processing device, the discharge end is provided with a discharge device, and the fermentation tank has an inclination angle relative to the horizontal plane; a stirring device for stirring the material in the fermentation tank, the stirring device comprising a main shaft and a stirring blade disposed on the main shaft, wherein the main shaft is eccentrically disposed relative to the fermentation tank so that the spacing of the stirring blade from the top wall of the fermentation tank is greater than the spacing of the stirring blade from the bottom wall of the fermentation tank; a micro-oxygen device, connected to the fermentation tank, for providing oxygen to the fermentation tank; and The modular heating device is arranged on the fermentation tank and is used for heating materials.

2. The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring device comprises: A driving motor for providing driving force; a main shaft, disposed in the fermentation tank, and having both ends rotatably connected to the fermentation tank via second bearings; and A plurality of stirring blades are provided, each stirring blade comprising a connecting rod and a material lifting body, wherein the connecting rod is spirally arranged along the axial direction of the main shaft, and two ends of the connecting rod are respectively fixedly connected to the main shaft and the material lifting body.

3. The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: Along the rotation direction of the main shaft, the material lifting body has a first material contact surface and a rear material contact surface opposite to each other, wherein the extension length of the rear material contact surface is greater than the extension length of the first material contact surface.

4. The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: Along the radial direction away from the main axis, the opening size of the material starting body gradually increases.

5. The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the stirring blade and the bottom wall of the fermentation tank is at least 1 meter, and the distance between the stirring blade and the top wall of the fermentation tank is at least 1.5 meters.

6. The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment also includes a limiting device, which includes a support frame and a third bearing. The support frame is fixedly arranged in the fermentation tank; the third bearing is coaxially arranged relative to the main shaft and connected to the support frame; the main shaft is inserted in the inner ring of the third bearing.

7. The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the fermentation tank is 1‰ to 3‰ of the total length of the fermentation tank body.

8. The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix processing device comprises: A feed box for accommodating materials, comprising a feed processing area, a secondary processing area, and a feeding processing area. Both ends of the secondary processing area are connected to the feed processing area and the feeding processing area, respectively. The feed processing area, the secondary processing area, and the feeding processing area are arranged in a stepped manner so that materials can fall. A mixing mechanism is provided in the feed processing area, for stirring the material and directing the material from the feed processing area to the secondary processing area, wherein the dry matter content of the feed processing area is 20% to 40%; A conveying mechanism is provided in the secondary processing area and the feeding processing area, and is used to stir the material and guide the material from the secondary processing area to the feeding processing area; A pushing mechanism, provided in the feeding processing area, for pushing the material into the fermentation tank; and The steam mechanism has a plurality of nozzles, which are arranged on the inner wall of the feed processing zone and face the material, so as to introduce hot steam onto the material.

9. The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The organic waste anaerobic fermentation equipment further includes a detection device communicatively connected to the controller, the detection device including one or more of a pressure sensor, a liquid level detector, a temperature sensor, and a torque sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is used to detect current pressure information in the fermentation tank, the liquid level detector is used to detect the current liquid level height in the fermentation tank, the temperature sensor is used to detect current temperature information in the fermentation tank, and the torque sensor is provided on the main shaft and / or the stirring blade to detect current torque information; The detection device further includes one or more of a methane sensor, a pH sensor, a hydrogen sulfide sensor, and a CO2 / O2 concentration analyzer.

10. A process for anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, characterized in that: The anaerobic fermentation equipment for organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the process comprises the following steps: Transporting materials into the fermentation tank; Acquiring first substance information in the fermentation tank, the first substance information including current gas component information, gas temperature information, gas humidity information, and gas pressure information; Acquiring information about a second substance in the fermentation tank, the second substance information including material temperature information and material solid-liquid ratio information; According to the first substance information and the second substance information, the premix processing device, the stirring device, the micro-oxygen device, the modular heating device and the discharging device are respectively controlled to perform corresponding actions.

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