Anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks and construction method for dangerous rock anchoring

Abstract

The present invention provides an anchoring structure for connecting to dangerous rocks and a construction method for anchoring dangerous rocks, belonging to the field of rock formation drilling technology. The structure includes a rotary drum, a connecting assembly provided at the upper end of the rotary drum, and a drill bit assembly or a rotary assembly detachably connected to the lower end of the rotary drum; a mounting frame provided inside the rotary drum, a hydraulic drive component and a cutting bit provided on the mounting frame, the hydraulic drive component connected to the cutting bit; a variable-volume oil cylinder provided inside the rotary drum; the connecting assembly including a top cover and a connecting sleeve, a cylinder sleeve fixed to the upper end surface of the top cover, the connecting sleeve axially slidingly sleeved on the cylinder sleeve via a spline, the connecting sleeve and the cylinder sleeve forming a first oil chamber, the first oil chamber connected to the variable-volume oil cylinder via a first oil pipe, and the first oil chamber connected to the hydraulic drive component via a second oil pipe. The anchoring structure for connecting to dangerous rocks provided by the present invention has improved anti-slip capability, more secure anchoring, more convenient construction, and a simpler structure, reducing assembly difficulty and failure rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rock stratum drilling, and more particularly, relates to an anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks and a construction method for dangerous rock anchoring. Background Art

[0002] In the field of geological disaster prevention and control, anchoring dangerous rock is a key measure to ensure mountain stability and prevent disasters such as collapse and rockfall. Currently, common anchoring structures for dangerous rock include prestressed cable anchoring and bolt anchoring. These anchoring methods have a certain degree of reinforcement effect on dangerous rock and are widely used in various geological disaster prevention and control projects.

[0003] However, existing dangerous rock anchoring structures present a number of pressing issues. The first is poor anchoring strength. Due to the complex and diverse geological conditions and widely varying rock properties, some anchoring structures experience a gradual attenuation of anchoring force over time and in response to environmental changes. Traditional prestressed anchoring structures, in particular, are prone to prestress loss or uneven distribution, as the fixed prestressing force struggles to adapt to varying geological conditions and rock deformation. This results in the inability to secure the dangerous rock in place for a long period of time, and the risk of loosening and falling off persists.

[0004] Secondly, traditional anchoring construction processes are cumbersome and often rely on large machinery and specialized teams. Actual construction is often limited by terrain conditions. For example, in areas with steep slopes and narrow valleys, large equipment is difficult to access, making construction extremely difficult and time-consuming, significantly increasing both prevention and control costs and time.

[0005] Thirdly, existing anchoring structures typically consist of multiple components and complex connections, which not only increases material costs and manufacturing difficulty, but also makes troubleshooting and repairing difficult during later maintenance. Prestressed components, in particular, further increase the complexity and maintenance difficulty of the structure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks, which can achieve the goals of stronger anchoring, more convenient construction and simpler structure.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts a technical solution as follows: providing an anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks, comprising a rotary drum, wherein the upper end of the rotary drum is provided with a connecting assembly, and the lower end of the rotary drum is detachably connected to a drill bit assembly for use in a drilling state or a rotary assembly for use in an anchoring state;

[0008] A mounting frame is provided inside the rotary drum, a hydraulic drive component and a cutting head are provided on the mounting frame, the hydraulic drive component is connected to the cutting head, an entry and exit slot for the cutting head is provided on the side wall of the rotary drum, and a variable-accumulation oil cylinder is further provided inside the rotary drum, the variable-accumulation oil cylinder being located above the mounting frame;

[0009] The connecting assembly includes a top cover provided at the upper end of the rotary drum and a connecting sleeve for connecting to the output end of the electric drill. A cylinder sleeve is fixed to the upper end surface of the top cover. The connecting sleeve is axially slidably sleeved on the cylinder sleeve through a spline. The connecting sleeve and the cylinder sleeve constitute a first oil chamber for containing high-temperature oil. The first oil chamber is connected to the variable-accumulation oil cylinder through a first oil pipe, and the variable-accumulation oil cylinder is connected to the hydraulic drive component through a second oil pipe.

[0010] High-temperature oil flows from the variable-volume oil cylinder through the first oil chamber into the hydraulic drive component to drive the cutting bit to extend from the inlet and outlet slot.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the drill bit assembly includes:

[0012] a drill bit connecting column, the upper end of which is detachably connected to the lower end of the rotary drum;

[0013] A conical drilling end, the conical drilling end is integrally formed at the lower end of the drill bit connecting column, a plurality of raised ridges and a drill tip are provided on the side of the conical drilling end away from the drill bit connecting column, a plurality of the raised ridges are circumferentially fixed to the conical surface of the conical drilling end, a plurality of diamonds are provided on the outer surface of the raised ridges, the drill tip is fixed to the tip of the conical drilling end, and two drilling grooves are symmetrically provided at the tip of the drill tip, and one side of the drilling groove is provided with a drilling edge.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the rotary assembly includes:

[0015] a rotary connecting column, the upper end of which is detachably connected to the lower end of the rotary drum;

[0016] The rotary sleeve is coaxially connected to the lower end of the rotary connecting column, and a plurality of chip discharge openings are opened in the circumference of the rotary sleeve.

[0017] In one possible implementation, both ends of the mounting frame are provided with arc-shaped mounting surfaces connected to the inner wall of the rotary drum, the middle portion of the mounting frame is provided with a mounting cavity, and two sides of the mounting frame are respectively provided with slide grooves, the slide grooves communicating with the mounting cavity and corresponding to the inlet and outlet slots, and the cutting bit is disposed in the slide grooves;

[0018] The hydraulic drive component is a bidirectional hydraulic drive component installed in the installation cavity, and is used to synchronously drive the two cutting bits to slide out of the entry and exit slot along the slide slot.

[0019] In one possible implementation, a threaded connection hole for connecting to the driving end of the bidirectional hydraulic drive member is provided at the inner end of the cutting head, cutting teeth are provided at the outer end of the cutting head, alloy sheets are installed on the cutting teeth, and an insulating cavity is provided inside the cutting head.

[0020] In one possible implementation, a separation piston is provided in the internal axial sealing sliding of the variable-accumulation oil cylinder, and the separation piston separates the inner cavity of the variable-accumulation oil cylinder into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and the lower chamber is respectively connected to the first oil pipe and the second oil pipe, and a spring is provided in the upper chamber, and the spring applies an upward pulling force to the separation piston, and an air vent is provided at the top of the upper chamber, and the bottom of the lower chamber is connected to the third oil pipe, and the third oil pipe is connected to the second oil pipe through a tee pipe, and a pressure relief valve is provided on the third oil pipe.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the top cover is threadedly mounted on the upper end of the rotating drum, and a locking ring is threadedly mounted on the upper part of the rotating drum. The tightening direction of the locking ring is opposite to the tightening direction of the top cover. A pressure cover is mounted on the outside of the top cover, and the pressure cover is used to tighten the frame of the magnetic coupling protection net. The locking ring is located inside the pressure cover.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the inner cavity of the rotating drum is further provided with a thermal insulation sleeve, a thermal insulation bracket is provided inside the thermal insulation sleeve, the variable-accumulation oil cylinder is installed on the thermal insulation bracket, the second oil pipe has a section of spiral oil pipe, and the thermal insulation sleeve is arranged around the outside of the variable-accumulation oil cylinder and the spiral oil pipe.

[0023] In a possible implementation, a spiral groove is provided on the outer wall of the rotary drum, and a plurality of heat dissipation hole groups are axially spaced apart on the outer wall of the rotary drum. The heat dissipation hole groups include a plurality of heat dissipation through holes provided in a circumferential direction.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the anchoring structure for connecting to dangerous rock provided by the present invention are as follows: compared with the existing technology, the connecting sleeve slides upward along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve, drawing the high-temperature oil in the variable-volume oil cylinder into the first oil chamber. The connecting sleeve then slides downward along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve, pressurizing the high-temperature oil in the first oil chamber into the hydraulic drive component, which then drives the cutting head to extend. The hydraulic system consisting of the variable-volume oil cylinder, the first oil chamber, and the hydraulic drive component transmits oil pressure to ensure that the cutting head maintains effective force continuously, forming dynamic anchoring stress compensation, ensuring the stability of the anchoring force during long-term use. After extending during the anchoring phase, the cutting head embeds into the inner wall of the rock hole, significantly improving its anti-slip ability and making the anchoring more secure.

[0025] The lower end of the rotary drum features a detachable connection, enabling the switch between the drill assembly and rotary assembly. During the drilling phase, the drill assembly is used for drilling, and upon completion, the rotary assembly is directly replaced to begin the anchoring phase. This reduces equipment handling and installation time and improves construction continuity. The connecting assembly connects directly to the output port of the electric drill via a connecting sleeve, utilizing a spline structure to achieve both axial sliding and power transmission, eliminating the need for additional power conversion devices and facilitating construction.

[0026] The cylinder sleeve and connecting sleeve of the connecting assembly both connect the drill and form the first oil chamber, integrating the power connection with the hydraulic power source. The first oil chamber connects to the variable-volume cylinder and hydraulic drive via first and second oil pipes, respectively, forming a hydraulic transmission path and simplifying the hydraulic system. The mounting frame integrates core components such as the hydraulic drive and cutting head, while the variable-volume cylinder and oil pipes are located within the rotary drum. The overall structure is compact, eliminating redundant external components, simplifying the structure, and reducing assembly difficulty and failure rate.

[0027] The present invention also provides a construction method for anchoring dangerous rocks, which is characterized by using the anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks, and includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. Connect the drill bit assembly to the lower end of the rotary drum, connect the connecting sleeve to the output end of the electric drill, start the electric drill to drill a hole in the dangerous rock;

[0029] S2. After the rock hole is completed, the rotary drum and the drill bit assembly are removed, the drill bit assembly is removed, and the rotary assembly is installed, and then the rotary drum and the rotary assembly are put into the rock hole;

[0030] S3. Start the electric drill and simultaneously slide the connecting sleeve forward to gradually draw the high-temperature oil in the variable-volume oil cylinder into the first oil chamber. Then, slide the connecting sleeve backward to pressurize the high-temperature oil in the first oil chamber into the hydraulic drive member, thereby driving the cutting head to gradually extend outward and out of the through groove, thereby opening an annular groove in the inner wall of the rock hole. The cutting head is located in the annular groove to prevent the rotary drum from axially separating from the rock hole.

[0031] S4. The variable accumulation cylinder is depressurized to absorb the high-temperature oil of the hydraulic drive component back into the variable accumulation cylinder. The cutting head gradually retracts inward into and out of the through groove, thereby separating the cutting head from the annular groove to release the restriction on the rotary cylinder and enable it to axially separate from the rock hole.

[0032] The advantageous effects of the precarious rock anchoring construction method provided by the present invention are as follows: Compared with existing technologies, since this method utilizes the aforementioned anchoring structure for connecting to precarious rock, it achieves the same beneficial effects as the aforementioned anchoring structure for connecting to precarious rock. Switching between different working modes can be accomplished simply by disassembling and installing the drill bit assembly and the rotary assembly, significantly reducing the labor intensity of construction personnel and improving construction continuity. After drilling is complete, the rotary drum, connected to the rotary assembly, is placed in the drilled rock hole. The connecting sleeve initially fits against the top of the top cover. When the connecting sleeve is slid upward, high-temperature oil flows from the variable-accumulation cylinder through the first oil pipe into the first oil chamber. Then, when the connecting sleeve is slid downward, the high-temperature oil flows from the first oil chamber through the second oil pipe into the hydraulic drive unit. The hydraulic drive unit then transmits the high-temperature oil pressure to extend the cutting head, creating an annular groove in the inner wall of the rock hole, where the cutting head engages and forms a mechanical lock. This dual guarantee of hydraulic drive and mechanical positioning ensures that the anchoring stress is evenly distributed throughout the annular groove, avoiding the localized stress concentration caused by uneven manual tensioning in traditional anchoring. When the anchoring structure needs to be repaired, replaced, or adjusted, the top cover is removed and the variable-accumulation cylinder is removed from the rotary drum. The pressure in the variable-accumulation cylinder is relieved, and the spring-loaded separating piston moves upward, drawing the high-temperature oil from the hydraulic drive unit back into the variable-accumulation cylinder. The cutting head retracts, releasing the retaining force of the annular groove and allowing the rotary drum to be easily removed. This reversible operation feature makes up for the defect that traditional anchoring structures are difficult to adjust once installed. It not only facilitates subsequent maintenance, but also enables the secondary use of the anchoring structure, reduces equipment costs, and greatly improves the adaptability and sustainability of the project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks provided by the present invention in a drilling state;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks provided by the present invention in an anchoring state;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure inside the rotary drum provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure after removing the insulation sleeve;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of the variable volume oil cylinder provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the connection assembly provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a cutting head provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of the drill bit assembly provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of the rotary assembly provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the M point in the middle.

[0044] In the picture:

[0045] 1. Rotating drum; 2. Top cover; 3. Connecting sleeve; 4. Hydraulic piston; 5. Cylinder sleeve; 6. First oil chamber; 7. Mounting frame; 8. Arc-shaped mounting surface; 9. Bidirectional hydraulic drive element; 10. Cutting head; 11. Cutting teeth; 12. Alloy sheet; 13. Insulation cavity; 14. Variable volume cylinder; 15. Separating piston; 16. Upper chamber; 17. Lower chamber; 18. Spring; 19. Vent hole; 20. Gland; 21. Locking ring; 22. Insulation sleeve; 23. First one-way valve; 24. Second oil pipe; 25. First oil pipe; 26. Spiral oil pipe; 27. Second one-way valve; 28. Spiral groove; 29. ​​Heat dissipation hole; 30. Drill bit connecting column; 31. Conical drilling end; 32. Raised edge; 33. Diamond; 34. Drill tip; 35. Drilling groove; 36. Drilling edge; 37. Rotary connecting column; 38. Rotary sleeve; 39. Chip discharge port; 40. Third oil pipe; 41. Pressure relief valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] Unless otherwise explicitly defined, the use of terms such as "first," "second," or "third," etc., are intended to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order.

[0048] Unless otherwise expressly defined, directional words such as the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "high", "low" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions and positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, so they cannot be understood as limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] See also Figures 1 to 10 The present invention provides an anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks. The anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks comprises a rotary drum 1, wherein the upper end of the rotary drum 1 is provided with a connecting assembly, and the lower end of the rotary drum 1 is detachably connected with a drill assembly for use in a drilling state or a rotary assembly for use in an anchoring state; a mounting frame 7 is provided inside the rotary drum 1, and a hydraulic drive component and a cutting bit 10 are provided on the mounting frame 7, the hydraulic drive component is connected to the cutting bit 10, and an inlet and outlet slot for the cutting bit 10 is provided on the side wall of the rotary drum 1; a variable oil cylinder 14 is also provided inside the rotary drum 1, and the variable oil cylinder 14 is located on the mounting frame 7. 7; the connecting assembly includes a top cover 2 provided at the upper end of the rotary drum 1 and a connecting sleeve 3 for connecting to the output end of the electric drill, a cylinder sleeve 5 is fixed to the upper end surface of the top cover 2, and the connecting sleeve 3 is axially slidably sleeved on the cylinder sleeve 5 by a spline, and the connecting sleeve 3 and the cylinder sleeve 5 constitute a first oil chamber 6 for containing high-temperature oil, the first oil chamber 6 is connected to the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 through a first oil pipe 25, and the first oil chamber 6 is connected to the hydraulic drive component through a second oil pipe 24; the high-temperature oil enters the hydraulic drive component from the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 through the first oil chamber 6 to drive the cutting head 10 to extend from the inlet and outlet slot.

[0050] The present invention provides an anchoring structure for connecting to precarious rock. Compared to existing techniques, the connecting sleeve 3 slides upward along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve 5, drawing the high-temperature oil in the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 into the first oil chamber 6. The connecting sleeve 3 then slides downward along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve 5, pressing the high-temperature oil in the first oil chamber 6 into the hydraulic drive, which then extends the cutting head 10. The hydraulic system consisting of the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14, the first oil chamber 6, and the hydraulic drive ensures that the cutting head 10 maintains a continuous effective force through oil pressure transmission, forming dynamic anchoring stress compensation, ensuring the stability of the anchoring force during long-term use. After extending during the anchoring phase, the cutting head 10 embeds into the inner wall of the rock hole, significantly improving its anti-slip ability and providing a more secure anchor.

[0051] The lower end of the rotary drum 1 features a detachable connection, enabling the switch between the drill assembly and rotary assembly. During the drilling phase, the drill assembly is used for drilling, and upon completion, the rotary assembly is directly replaced to begin the anchoring phase. This reduces equipment handling and installation time and improves construction continuity. The connecting assembly connects directly to the output port of the electric drill via a connecting sleeve 3. A spline structure achieves both axial sliding and power transmission, eliminating the need for an additional power conversion device and facilitating construction.

[0052] The connecting assembly's cylinder housing 5 and connecting sleeve 3 both function as the drill connection and together form a first oil chamber 6, integrating the power connection with the hydraulic power source. This first oil chamber 6 connects the variable-volume oil cylinder 14 and the hydraulic drive via a first oil pipe 25 and a second oil pipe 24, respectively, forming a hydraulic transmission path and simplifying the hydraulic system. The mounting frame 7 integrates core components such as the hydraulic drive and cutting head 10. The variable-volume oil cylinder 14 and oil pipes are located within the rotary drum 1, resulting in a compact overall structure that reduces redundant external components, simplifies the structure, and reduces assembly difficulty and failure rate.

[0053] The connecting sleeve 3 comprises a downward-opening first chamber, within which a hydraulic piston 4 is positioned. The connecting sleeve 3 is sheathed onto the cylinder sleeve 5 via the first chamber. The cylinder sleeve 5 comprises an upward-opening second chamber, into which the hydraulic piston 4 is inserted. The first oil chamber 6 is formed between the second chamber and the hydraulic piston 4. The inner wall of the first chamber is circumferentially splined, while the outer circumference of the cylinder sleeve 5 is formed with a spline structure that mates with the spline groove. This restricts relative rotation between the two chambers while allowing the connecting sleeve 3 to slide freely axially along the cylinder sleeve 5. This dual function of anti-rotation and guiding ensures that when the connecting sleeve 3 slides axially, the hydraulic piston 4 moves smoothly along the axis of the second chamber, preventing seal failure or pressure transmission deviation caused by eccentricity. The first chamber sheathed within the cylinder sleeve 5 creates a closed and concentric pressure chamber. The spline guide ensures that the hydraulic piston 4 remains coaxial with the second chamber during reciprocating motion, reducing friction and wear between the piston and the chamber wall and extending the service life of the seal. When the connecting sleeve 3 slides to adjust the volume of the first oil chamber 6, the spline fit avoids the problem of oil circuit interface distortion caused by the relative rotation of the chambers, ensures the smooth flow of high-temperature synthetic oil in the pipeline, and makes the telescopic action response of the cutting head 10 more precise and the force more stable.

[0054] In addition, a first one-way valve 23 is installed on the first oil pipe 25. The first one-way valve 23 specifically controls the oil outlet path from the first oil chamber 6 to the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14, ensuring that when the connecting sleeve 3 slides in the forward direction, high-pressure oil can enter the first oil chamber 6 from the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 through the first oil pipe 25 in a unidirectional and non-return manner. A second one-way valve 27 is installed on the second oil pipe 24. The second one-way valve 27 specifically controls the oil outlet path from the first oil chamber 6 to the hydraulic drive component, ensuring that when the connecting sleeve 3 slides in the reverse direction, high-pressure oil can enter the hydraulic drive component from the first oil chamber 6 through the second oil pipe 24 in a unidirectional and non-return manner, pushing the cutting head 10 to extend and embed into the annular groove in the rock mass, thereby avoiding power loss or inability to extend and retract the cutting head due to oil backflow.

[0055] See also Figure 8 The drill bit assembly includes a drill bit connecting column 30 and a tapered drilling end 31. The upper end of the drill bit connecting column 30 is detachably connected to the lower end of the rotary drum 1; the tapered drilling end 31 is integrally formed at the lower end of the drill bit connecting column 30. A plurality of raised ridges 32 and a drill tip 34 are provided on the side of the tapered drilling end 31 away from the drill bit connecting column 30. The plurality of raised ridges 32 are circumferentially fixed to the conical surface of the tapered drilling end 31. The outer surface of the raised ridges 32 is provided with a plurality of diamonds 33. The drill tip 34 is fixed to the tip of the tapered drilling end 31. This structure is made of cemented tungsten carbide material and has ultra-high strength. The tip of the drill tip 34 is symmetrically provided with two drilling grooves 35, and one side of the drilling groove 35 is provided with a drilling edge 36.

[0056] The conical surface structure of the tapered drilling end 31 concentrates drilling pressure on the drill tip 34 and raised ridges 32, reducing the contact area with the rock mass and lowering resistance. Multiple circumferentially distributed raised ridges 32 form a multi-edge cutting system, which, in conjunction with the drilling edges 36 of the symmetrical drilling grooves 35 of the drill tip 34, divides the rock mass, achieving multi-point simultaneous crushing. This significantly increases the amount of rock removed per unit time, effectively shortening the time it takes to form a rock hole and improving basic drilling efficiency. The diamond 33 on the outer surface of the raised ridges 32 resists rock friction and wear with its ultra-high hardness. The cemented tungsten carbide used in the tapered drilling end 31 offers high strength and impact resistance, adapting to the drilling requirements of rock formations of varying hardness. This significantly reduces the frequency of drill bit replacement due to wear, lowering consumable costs and maintenance downtime. Furthermore, the gaps between adjacent raised ridges 32 and the tapered surface form a slag discharge channel, allowing rock dust to be quickly discharged along the gaps, preventing accumulation that increases resistance and drill bit wear, thereby optimizing chip removal performance. The circumferential distribution of the raised ridges 32 fixed to the conical surface ensures more uniform cutting force, reduces localized stress concentration, and prolongs the service life of the raised ridges 32 and diamonds 33. The drilling edges 36 of the drilling grooves 35 create a buffer when in contact with the rock formation, indirectly reducing overall wear on the drill tip 34 and improving structural durability. The tapered drilling end 31, the raised ridges 32, and the drill tip 34 work together to reduce vibration and runout when drilling in unevenly hard and soft rock formations, enabling the drill bit to maintain a stable drilling state in complex geological environments and enhancing its adaptability to complex working conditions.

[0057] See also Figure 9 The rotary assembly includes a rotary connecting column 37 and a rotary sleeve 38. The upper end of the rotary connecting column 37 is detachably connected to the lower end of the rotary cylinder 1. The lower end of the rotary connecting column 37 is provided with a spline hole, and the lower end of the rotary cylinder 1 is provided with a spline column. The two are adapted to each other and installed, which not only ensures the stability of the connection, but also avoids the relative sliding of the components during high-speed rotation through the circumferential positioning characteristics of the spline, thereby ensuring the efficient transmission of the rotary force. After completing the drilling, the construction personnel can quickly disassemble the drill bit assembly and replace it with the rotary assembly without having to readjust the equipment positioning, thus achieving a seamless connection between the drilling process and the anchoring process, greatly reducing the time cost of equipment replacement in traditional construction, especially in high-altitude or narrow dangerous rock working environments, significantly reducing the difficulty of operation and labor intensity. A rotating sleeve 38 is coaxially connected to the lower end of the rotating connecting column 37. Multiple chip removal openings 39 are circumferentially defined around the sleeve 38. As the cutting bit 10 extends in and out of the slot and cuts the rock, the sleeve 38 rotates synchronously with the rotating drum 1. This ensures the concentricity of the equipment during the cutting process, prevents dimensional deviations in the annular groove caused by eccentricity, and improves the precision of the fit between the anchor structure and the rock mass. Furthermore, the multiple chip removal openings 39 circumferentially defined around the sleeve 38 utilize the centrifugal force generated by the rotation to promptly remove rock chips generated during the cutting of the annular groove, preventing their accumulation.

[0058] See also Figures 3 and 4The two ends of the mounting frame 7 are provided with arc-shaped mounting surfaces 8 connected to the inner wall of the rotary drum 1, which ensures that the mounting frame 7 is firmly fixed in the rotary drum 1. It can also evenly transmit the radial force generated by the cutting head 10 when working to the rotary drum 1, avoiding deformation of the rotary drum 1 or loosening of the mounting frame 7 caused by local stress concentration, and significantly improving the bearing capacity and stability of the overall structure. The middle part of the mounting frame 7 is provided with a mounting cavity, and a slide groove is provided on both sides of the mounting frame 7. The slide groove connects the mounting cavity and corresponds to the in-and-out slot. The cutting head 10 is set in the slide groove; the hydraulic drive component is a two-way hydraulic drive component 9 installed in the mounting cavity, which is used to synchronously drive the two cutting heads 10 to slide in and out of the slot or slide in and out of the slot along the slide groove. This synchronous control feature ensures that the extending length of the cutting heads 10 on both sides is consistent and the force is balanced, so that the annular groove on the inner wall of the rock hole is evenly formed, and the bite accuracy of the cutting head 10 and the annular groove is improved, thereby enhancing the pull-out resistance and stability of the anchoring structure.

[0059] Specifically, the mounting frame 7 is provided with multiple parts from top to bottom, and each mounting frame 7 is equipped with a bidirectional hydraulic drive 9 and two cutting heads 10. The rotary drum 1 is provided with multiple matching entry and exit slots corresponding to the cutting heads 10. The multi-layer cutting heads 10 form multiple annular grooves spaced apart from each other on the inner wall of the rock hole, so that a multi-node bite fixation is formed between the rotary drum 1 and the rock mass. Compared with the single-point anchoring of the single-layer cutting head 10, the pull-out resistance and shear resistance are greatly improved. The multi-layer cutting heads 10 can share the load when subjected to stress, avoiding the risk of rock fracture caused by stress concentration in a single annular groove. Especially when the dangerous rock undergoes axial or radial displacement, the multi-layer anchoring points can form a collaborative constraint, further limiting the loosening or detachment of the rotary drum 1, and improving the stability and reliability of the overall anchoring.

[0060] See also Figure 7The inner end of the cutting head 10 is provided with a threaded connection hole for connecting to the driving end of the bidirectional hydraulic drive element 9. This ensures a secure connection with the bidirectional hydraulic drive element 9, facilitating installation and replacement of the cutting head 10 while ensuring efficient transmission of hydraulic force and preventing loosening or power loss during high-frequency telescopic movements. This detachable connection allows individual cutting heads 10 to be replaced individually if damaged, eliminating the need to replace the entire hydraulic drive system, significantly reducing maintenance costs and equipment downtime. The outer end of the cutting head 10 is provided with cutting teeth 11, mounted with alloy plates 12. The combination of the cutting teeth 11 and the alloy plates 12 enhances rock cutting performance. The alloy plates 12 possess extremely high hardness and wear resistance, making them suitable for cutting rock formations of varying hardness and effectively extending the service life of the cutting head 10. The working surfaces of the cutting teeth 11 are tilted in the direction of rotation, optimizing the force applied and concentrating the hydraulic force on the cutting edge. This reduces cutting resistance while improving rock crushing efficiency and ensuring rapid formation and precise dimensional control of the annular groove. An insulating cavity 13 is provided inside the cutting head 10. When the cutting head 10 rotates at high speed to cut the rock, a large amount of frictional heat will be generated. The insulating cavity 13 can effectively block the heat from being transferred to the bidirectional hydraulic drive component 9 and the hydraulic oil pipeline, avoiding high temperature causing changes in the viscosity of the hydraulic oil or aging of the hydraulic components, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the pressure transmission of the hydraulic system.

[0061] See also Figure 5 A separating piston 15 is provided in the axially sealed sliding manner inside the variable-volume oil cylinder 14. The separating piston 15 separates the inner cavity of the variable-volume oil cylinder 14 into an upper chamber 16 and a lower chamber 17. The lower chamber 17 is connected to the first oil pipe 25 and the second oil pipe 24 respectively. A spring 18 is provided in the upper chamber 16. The spring 18 applies an upward pulling force to the separating piston 15. An air vent 19 is provided at the top of the upper chamber 16. The bottom of the lower chamber 17 is connected to a third oil pipe 40. The third oil pipe 40 is connected to the second oil pipe 24 through a tee pipe. A pressure relief valve 41 is provided on the third oil pipe 40.

[0062] Separator piston 15 divides the interior of variable-volume cylinder 14 into an upper chamber 16 and a lower chamber 17, and, in conjunction with the tension of spring 18, forms an adaptive pressure-balancing mechanism. When high-pressure oil enters first oil chamber 6 through first oil pipe 25, hydraulic pressure pushes separator piston 15 downward, overcoming the tension of spring 18 and converting the potential energy of spring 18 into reserve tension. When oil return is required, pressure relief valve 41 on third oil pipe 40 is opened, allowing the high-temperature oil in bidirectional hydraulic drive element 9 to flow through second oil pipe 24, through the tee, and into third oil pipe 40, ultimately returning to lower chamber 17. Separator piston 15 slides upward, and spring 18 resets.

[0063] The vent 19 at the top of the upper chamber 16 solves the problem of air pressure balance within the enclosed space. As the separator piston 15 slides up and down, the vent 19 allows air to flow freely into and out of the upper chamber, preventing pressure fluctuations within the chamber caused by piston movement from hindering piston travel. This design ensures smooth sliding of the separator piston 15 and more precise pressure transmission in the hydraulic system. Especially in high-temperature environments, the vent 19 also allows for the removal of thermally expanded gases within the chamber, preventing seal failure or piston sticking due to excessive air pressure.

[0064] See also Figure 6 The top cover 2 is threadedly mounted on the upper end of the rotary drum 1. A locking ring 21 is threadedly mounted on the upper part of the rotary drum 1. The tightening direction of the locking ring 21 is opposite to that of the top cover 2. After tightening, it can form a reverse pre-tightening force on the top cover 2, effectively offsetting the loose torque generated when the equipment rotates at high speed, avoiding the risk of the top cover 2 falling off due to vibration during drilling or anchoring operations, and significantly improving the connection reliability of the overall structure. The outer sleeve of the top cover 2 is provided with a pressure cap 20, which is used to tighten the frame of the magnetic coupling protection net, providing a physical barrier for the hydraulic pipeline, connecting sleeve 3 and other components on the top of the rotary drum 1, preventing impurities such as rock chips and dust from invading the interior of the equipment, and reducing component wear and failure risks. The locking ring 21 is located inside the pressure cap 20, which not only avoids damage caused by bumps and damages caused by the exposure of the locking ring 21, but also plays a role in positioning and fixing the pressure cap 20.

[0065] See also Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 10The inner cavity of the rotating drum 1 is also equipped with an insulating sleeve 22, which houses an insulating bracket. The variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 is mounted on the insulating bracket, blocking direct heat conduction between the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 and the rotating drum 1. The supporting function of the insulating bracket ensures that the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 remains in a fixed position during the high-speed rotation of the rotating drum 1, preventing loosening of the pipeline connection or pressure transmission deviation caused by vibration. The second oil pipe 24 includes a spiral oil pipe 26. The spiral structure itself provides the oil pipe with elastic margin to adapt to the dynamic working conditions of the rotating drum 1. When the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 is removed from the top of the rotating drum 1, the spiral oil pipe 26 itself can extend to compensate for the distance the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 is separated from the rotating drum 1. Manually opening the pressure relief valve 41 allows the high-temperature oil in the hydraulic drive component to flow back to the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 through the second oil pipe 24 and the third oil pipe 40, allowing the cutting head 10 to be retracted, facilitating the removal of the anchor structure from the rock hole. The thermal insulation sleeve 22 surrounds the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 and the spiral oil pipe 26, creating a closed, insulated space that effectively blocks the influence of multiple heat sources. Firstly, it prevents the heat generated by friction within the rotary drum 1 during drilling from being transferred to the internal hydraulic components. Secondly, it isolates the radiant heat generated by the cutting head 10 cutting the rock, preventing high temperatures from affecting the high-temperature synthetic oil within the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 and the spiral oil pipe 26. This dual thermal insulation reduces viscosity changes in the hydraulic oil caused by temperature fluctuations, ensures stable pressure transmission, and extends the service life of the hydraulic components.

[0066] Specifically, the thermal insulation sleeve 22 is made of inorganic thermal insulation materials, such as ceramic fiber, which has extremely low thermal conductivity and excellent high temperature resistance. Its light and flexible characteristics can be processed into a shape that fits the internal structure of the rotary drum. It can effectively block the high-temperature radiant heat and conductive heat generated by drill bit cutting and equipment friction. It has strong chemical stability and is not easily damaged by hydraulic oil or rock chips. It is suitable for harsh environments with long-term contact with rock debris.

[0067] Preferably, the first, second, and third oil pipes 25, 24, and 40 are coated with a high-temperature-resistant material. High-temperature-resistant materials, such as ceramic fiber sheathing or silicone rubber coatings, effectively block heat transfer to the hydraulic oil within the pipes due to their extremely low thermal conductivity. This prevents high-temperature-induced viscosity loss and accelerated oxidation of the hydraulic oil, ensuring stable pressure transmission within the designed viscosity range. This ensures that temperature fluctuations of the hydraulic oil within the pipes are kept within a reasonable range, especially in the high-temperature environment of continuous drilling. This ensures the precise operation of hydraulic components such as variable-volume cylinders and check valves.

[0068] See also Figures 1 to 2The outer wall of the rotary drum 1 is provided with a spiral groove 28, which optimizes the slag removal effect during the drilling process. When the rotary drum 1 rotates at high speed, the spiral groove 28 forms a directional spiral channel, which can quickly transport the rock foam and debris generated by the drill bit cutting upward along the groove and discharge it out of the rock hole, preventing the rock chips from accumulating at the bottom of the hole and forming a blockage. This active slag removal mechanism reduces the secondary wear of the rock chips on the drill bit and the rotary drum 1, while reducing the drilling resistance and making the rock hole formation smoother. The outer wall of the rotary drum 1 is axially spaced apart with a number of heat dissipation hole groups, and the heat dissipation hole group includes a plurality of heat dissipation through-holes 29 opened circumferentially. The heat dissipation through-holes 29 can guide the air convection inside and outside the hole, and quickly dissipate the heat generated by the drill bit cutting and the equipment friction to the outside. The axially spaced layout ensures that the heat dissipation covers the main heat-generating areas of the rotary drum 1, and cooperates with the air flow of the spiral groove 28 to form an airflow circulation that coordinates slag removal and heat dissipation, effectively reducing the operating temperature of the hydraulic system and cutting components inside the rotary drum 1.

[0069] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a construction method for anchoring dangerous rocks, which uses the above-mentioned anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks and includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. Connect the drill bit assembly to the lower end of the rotary drum 1, connect the connecting sleeve 3 to the output end of the electric drill, start the electric drill to drill a hole in the dangerous rock;

[0071] S2. After the rock hole is completed, the rotary drum 1 together with the drill bit assembly is removed, the drill bit assembly is removed and the rotary assembly is installed, and then the rotary drum 1 together with the rotary assembly is put into the rock hole;

[0072] S3. Start the electric drill and simultaneously slide the connecting sleeve 3 forward to gradually draw the high-temperature oil in the variable-volume oil cylinder 14 into the first oil chamber 6. Then, slide the connecting sleeve 3 backward to pressurize the high-temperature oil in the first oil chamber 6 into the hydraulic drive component, thereby driving the cutting head 10 to gradually extend outward into and out of the through slot, thereby forming an annular groove in the inner wall of the rock hole. The cutting head 10 is located in the annular groove to prevent the rotary drum 1 from axially disengaging from the rock hole.

[0073] S4, the variable accumulation cylinder 14 is depressurized, and the high-temperature oil of the hydraulic drive component is sucked back into the variable accumulation cylinder 14, and the cutting head 10 is gradually retracted inward into and out of the through groove, thereby causing the cutting head 10 to be separated from the annular groove, thereby releasing the restriction on the rotary drum 1 and causing it to axially separate from the rock hole.

[0074] The advantageous effects of the precarious rock anchoring construction method provided by the present invention are as follows: Compared with existing technologies, since this method utilizes the aforementioned anchoring structure for connecting to precarious rock, it achieves the same beneficial effects as the aforementioned anchoring structure for connecting to precarious rock. Switching between different working modes can be accomplished simply by disassembling and installing the drill bit assembly and the rotary assembly, significantly reducing the labor intensity of construction personnel and improving construction continuity. After completing the drilling operation, the rotary drum 1 connected with the rotary assembly is placed in the drilled rock hole. The connecting sleeve 3 is initially attached to the top of the top cover 2. When the connecting sleeve 3 is slid upward, the high-temperature oil enters the first oil chamber 6 from the variable-volume oil cylinder 14 through the first oil pipe 25. Then, the connecting sleeve 3 is slid downward, and the high-temperature oil enters the hydraulic drive component from the first oil chamber 6 through the second oil pipe 24. The hydraulic drive component transmits the high-temperature oil pressure to drive the cutting head 10 to extend, and an annular groove is opened on the inner wall of the rock hole, so that the cutting head 10 is embedded in the groove to form a mechanical lock. This dual guarantee of hydraulic drive and mechanical positioning can ensure that the anchoring stress is evenly distributed in the annular groove area, avoiding the problem of local stress concentration caused by uneven manual tensioning force in traditional anchoring. When the anchor structure needs to be repaired, replaced, or adjusted, the top cover 2 is removed and the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 is removed from the rotary drum 1. The pressure in the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14 is relieved. As the spring 18 resets, the separating piston 15 moves upward, sucking the high-temperature oil in the hydraulic drive element back into the variable-accumulation oil cylinder 14. The cutting head 10 retracts, releasing the limiting effect of the annular groove, and the rotary drum 1 can be easily removed. This reversible operation compensates for the difficulty of adjusting traditional anchor structures once installed. It not only facilitates subsequent maintenance, but also enables the secondary use of the anchor structure, reduces equipment costs, and significantly improves the adaptability and sustainability of the project.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks, characterized in that: The invention comprises a rotary drum (1), wherein the upper end of the rotary drum (1) is provided with a connection assembly, and the lower end of the rotary drum (1) is detachably connected with a drill assembly for use in a drilling state or a rotary assembly for use in an anchoring state; A mounting frame (7) is provided inside the rotary drum (1), a hydraulic drive component and a cutting head (10) are provided on the mounting frame (7), the hydraulic drive component is connected to the cutting head (10), an inlet and outlet slot adapted for the cutting head (10) is provided on the side wall of the rotary drum (1), and a variable oil cylinder (14) is further provided inside the rotary drum (1), the variable oil cylinder (14) being located above the mounting frame (7); The connecting assembly comprises a top cover (2) arranged at the upper end of the rotary drum (1) and a connecting sleeve (3) for connecting to the output end of the electric drill, a cylinder sleeve (5) is fixed to the upper end surface of the top cover (2), the connecting sleeve (3) is axially slidably sleeved on the cylinder sleeve (5) through a spline, the connecting sleeve (3) and the cylinder sleeve (5) constitute a first oil chamber (6) for containing high-temperature oil, the first oil chamber (6) is connected to the variable-volume oil cylinder (14) through a first oil pipe (25), and the first oil chamber (6) is connected to the hydraulic drive component through a second oil pipe (24); High-temperature oil flows from the variable-volume oil cylinder (14) through the first oil chamber (6) into the hydraulic drive component to drive the cutting tool head (10) to extend from the inlet and outlet slot; Both ends of the mounting frame (7) are provided with arc-shaped mounting surfaces (8) connected to the inner wall of the rotary drum (1); the middle portion of the mounting frame (7) is provided with a mounting cavity; two sides of the mounting frame (7) are respectively provided with slide grooves, the slide grooves being connected to the mounting cavity and corresponding to the inlet and outlet slots; the cutting head (10) is arranged in the slide grooves; The hydraulic drive member is a bidirectional hydraulic drive member (9) installed in the installation cavity, and is used to synchronously drive the two cutting bits (10) to slide out of the entry and exit slot along the slide slot; A threaded connection hole for connecting to the driving end of the bidirectional hydraulic drive member (9) is provided at one inner end of the cutting head (10), a cutting tooth (11) is provided at one outer end of the cutting head (10), an alloy sheet (12) is mounted on the cutting tooth (11), and a heat-insulating cavity (13) is provided inside the cutting head (10).

2. An anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill bit assembly comprises: a drill bit connecting column (30), the upper end of which is detachably connected to the lower end of the rotary drum (1); A conical drilling end (31) is integrally formed at the lower end of the drill bit connecting column (30); a plurality of raised ridges (32) and a drill tip (34) are provided on a side of the conical drilling end (31) away from the drill bit connecting column (30); the plurality of raised ridges (32) are circumferentially fixed to the conical surface of the conical drilling end (31); a plurality of diamonds (33) are provided on the outer surface of the raised ridges (32); the drill tip (34) is fixed to the tip of the conical drilling end (31); two drilling grooves (35) are symmetrically provided at the tip of the drill tip (34); and one side of the drilling groove (35) is provided with a drilling edge (36).

3. The anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary assembly comprises: A rotary connecting column (37), the upper end of which is detachably connected to the lower end of the rotary drum (1); A rotary sleeve (38) is coaxially connected to the lower end of the rotary connecting column (37), and a plurality of chip removal openings (39) are provided in the circumferential direction of the rotary sleeve (38).

4. The anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable volume oil cylinder (14) is provided with a separating piston (15) in an axially sealed sliding manner. The separating piston (15) separates the inner cavity of the variable volume oil cylinder (14) into an upper chamber (16) and a lower chamber (17). The lower chamber (17) is connected to a first oil pipe (25) and a second oil pipe (24) respectively. A spring (18) is provided in the upper chamber (16). The spring (18) applies an upward pulling force to the separating piston (15). An air vent (19) is provided at the top of the upper chamber (16). The bottom of the lower chamber (17) is connected to a third oil pipe (40). The third oil pipe (40) is connected to the second oil pipe (24) through a three-way pipe. A pressure relief valve (41) is provided on the third oil pipe (40).

5. The anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover (2) is threadedly mounted on the upper end of the rotating drum (1); a locking ring (21) is threadedly mounted on the upper portion of the rotating drum (1); the tightening direction of the locking ring (21) is opposite to the tightening direction of the top cover (2); a pressure cover (20) is sleeved on the outside of the top cover (2); the pressure cover (20) is used to tighten the frame of the magnetic coupling protection net; the locking ring (21) is located inside the pressure cover (20).

6. The anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the rotary drum (1) is further provided with a heat-insulating sleeve (22), the interior of the heat-insulating sleeve (22) is provided with a heat-insulating bracket, the variable-volume oil cylinder (14) is mounted on the heat-insulating bracket, the second oil pipe (24) is provided with a section of spiral oil pipe (26), and the heat-insulating sleeve (22) is arranged around the outside of the variable-volume oil cylinder (14) and the spiral oil pipe (26).

7. The anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the rotary drum (1) is provided with a spiral groove body (28), and the outer wall of the rotary drum (1) is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation hole groups at intervals in the axial direction, wherein the heat dissipation hole groups include a plurality of heat dissipation through holes (29) provided in the circumferential direction.

8. A construction method for anchoring in dangerous rocks, characterized in that: The anchoring structure for connecting dangerous rocks according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, comprising the following steps: S1. Connect the drill bit assembly to the lower end of the rotary drum (1), connect the connecting sleeve (3) to the output end of the electric drill, start the electric drill and drill a hole in the dangerous rock; S2. After the rock hole is completed, the rotary drum (1) together with the drill bit assembly is removed, the drill bit assembly is removed and the rotary assembly is installed, and then the rotary drum (1) together with the rotary assembly is placed into the rock hole; S3, start the electric drill and simultaneously slide the connecting sleeve (3) forward to gradually draw the high-temperature oil in the variable-volume oil cylinder (14) into the first oil chamber (6), then slide the connecting sleeve (3) in the reverse direction, and press the high-temperature oil in the first oil chamber (6) into the hydraulic drive component to drive the cutting head (10) to gradually extend outward and out of the through groove, thereby opening an annular groove on the inner wall of the rock hole, and the cutting head (10) is located in the annular groove to limit the rotary drum (1) from axially separating from the rock hole; S4, the variable accumulation oil cylinder (14) is depressurized, and the high temperature oil of the hydraulic drive component is sucked back into the variable accumulation oil cylinder (14), and the cutting head (10) is gradually retracted inwardly into and out of the through groove, thereby making the cutting head (10) disengage from the annular groove, thereby releasing the restriction on the rotary drum (1) and making it axially disengage from the rock hole.

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