Tire structure vibration test method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tire testing, and particularly relates to a tire structure vibration testing method. The method comprises the following steps: based on a tire drum durability testing machine, carrying out signal acquisition on vibration of a tire rim assembly through an acceleration sensor, and carrying out spectral analysis on an acquired acceleration signal by using professional software after the test is completed; according to the method, exciting force at a wheel axle in a tire structure vibration test process is selected as an exciting source of an overall tire structure to excite structural vibration of a tire and rim assembly; and the generated mechanism resonance is collected and subjected to data spectrum analysis, so that a spectrum analysis result is output, direct data support is provided for the structure and pattern design of the tire, a support product is improved, the phenomenon that the tire resonates with parts such as a vehicle engine after being assembled on a vehicle is avoided, and the riding comfort of vehicle driving is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tire testing, and in particular relates to a tire structure vibration testing method. Background Art

[0002] Construction machinery is widely used in fields such as construction, mining, and agriculture. Tires, as key components, are subject to complex loads and operating conditions. Different types of construction machinery (such as loaders, excavators, and rollers) have significantly different requirements for tire performance.

[0003] With the development of the domestic tire industry and the continuous advancement of mining vehicles, OEMs, manufacturers and customers have put forward increasingly higher requirements for vehicle comfort. Ride comfort has become an indicator that is increasingly valued. Among the issues of vehicle comfort, avoiding resonance between tires and vehicle engines is one of the important factors.

[0004] Currently, tire vibration testing primarily relies on real-vehicle testing. While this traditional method has some application value in the passenger car sector, it has significant shortcomings when testing tires for construction machinery. Firstly, the operating environment of construction vehicles is complex and varied, and the working conditions differ significantly from those of passenger vehicles, making it difficult for existing testing methods to accurately simulate their actual operating scenarios. Secondly, outdoor real-vehicle testing faces numerous challenges during implementation, including site limitations, weather interference, and high testing costs, resulting in high costs and low testing efficiency.

[0005] Patent application number CN 116593105 A discloses a tire structural vibration testing method. This method shuts down the drive system, allowing the tire to decelerate freely, and records radial force, lateral force, tangential force, time, and rotational speed at the tire's center axis. This method generates a large amount of test data, and data analysis involves segmented, jump-based data capture, resulting in a complex and inefficient process. Furthermore, this method is suitable for testing passenger car tires and is not suitable for testing the off-highway machinery tires described in this application. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the fact that the vibration test method for actual vehicles of engineering machinery is difficult to implement, the test cycle is long, the test cost is high, and the current tire structure vibration test method has technical problems such as a large amount of test data and a complex analysis process, the present invention provides a tire durability vibration test method.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is specifically as follows: A tire structure vibration testing method comprises the following steps: (1) Verify whether the tire under test meets the specified standards for vibration testing; (2) Install the tire-rim assembly to be tested that meets the requirements on a rotary drum durability tester so that the tire-rim assembly to be tested is perpendicular to the outer surface of the rotary drum of the rotary drum durability tester; collect vibration signals of the tire-rim assembly through an acceleration sensor; (3) According to the actual application of tire performance, the test conditions are determined, and the standard air pressure is set to P1, P2······Pn, the load is set to F1, F2······Fn, and the speed is set to V1, V2······Vn. According to the different loads F and speeds V corresponding to the set air pressure P at different stages, the signal is collected respectively to obtain the time domain data a=f(P, F, V); (4) First, the first standard air pressure is P1. The first group: when the load is F1 and the speed is V1, the time domain data a111=f(P1, F1, V1) is obtained; when the speed is V2, the time domain data a112=f(P1, F1, V2) is obtained; and so on, until the speed is Vn, the time domain data V11n=f(P1, F1, Vn) is obtained; the second group: when the load is F2 and the speed is V1, the time domain data a121=f(P1, F2, V1) is obtained; when the speed is V2, the time domain data a122=f(P1, F2, V2) is obtained. Time domain data a122=f(P1, F2, V2); and so on, until when the speed is Vn, the time domain data V12n=f(P1, F2, Vn) is obtained; ... until the nth group: when the load is Fn, when the speed is V1, the time domain data a1n1=f(P1, Fn, V1) is obtained; when the speed is V2, the time domain data a1n2=f(P1, Fn, V2) is obtained; and so on, until when the speed is Vn, the time domain data V1n10=f(P1, Fn, V10) is obtained; (5) After the first standard air pressure P1 signal acquisition is completed, adjust the air pressure to 25 kPa higher than the second standard air pressure P2; after parking for at least 2 hours, confirm the air pressure again and adjust it to the second standard air pressure P2. Repeat step (4) and acquire signals according to the different loads F and speeds V corresponding to the second standard air pressure P2 to obtain the time domain data a2 = f (P2, F, V); (6) Repeat step (5) to complete the signal acquisition of different loads and speeds corresponding to the third standard air pressure P3, the fourth standard air pressure P4, and the nth standard air pressure Pn in sequence, and obtain the time domain data a3=f(P3, F, V), a4=f(P4, F, V), and an=f(Pn, F, V) respectively; (7) Data analysis; S1. Perform FFT processing on the obtained time-domain data a = f (P, F, V) using OROS signal processing software to generate a spectrum plot and waterfall plot. S2. Identify the primary peaks in the spectrum and derive the corresponding frequency data. Compare this data with the test tire's tread frequency harmonics and the engine's natural frequency to determine the location of the abnormality causing the tire's structural vibration. (8) Data judgment; If the frequency data corresponding to the main peak is in the resonance band of the pattern harmonic frequency, then the tire vibration is likely to be caused by the periodic impact of the tire pattern, which is the vibration caused by the tire's own structure; if the frequency data corresponding to the main peak is in the resonance band of the engine's natural frequency, then the tire vibration is likely to be caused by engine excitation.

[0008] The signal acquisition time is at least 15 seconds.

[0009] Verifying whether the tire to be tested meets the prescribed standards for vibration testing includes the following steps: S1. After vulcanization, tires should be stored at room temperature for at least 24 hours. Check the tire's appearance and quality to ensure it meets the requirements of HG / T2177. Before inflation, tires should be stored at room temperature between 18°C ​​and 36°C for at least 3 hours. S2. Install the tire on a rim that complies with GB / T 2977 and inflate the tire to 625 kPa. Park the tire at room temperature between 18°C ​​and 36°C for at least 24 hours. Record the tire pressure before and after parking. Adjust the tire pressure to the specified pressure before measuring the parking pressure. Verify and measure the tire inflation pressure immediately after parking for 15 minutes. S3. Re-adjust the tire pressure to the specified value after parking. After parking for another 15 minutes, measure the tire circumference and cross-sectional width.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention provides a tire structure vibration test method, which is simple and can effectively avoid the problems of long test cycle and high test cost in actual vehicle testing; (2) Testing and analysis can be carried out during the small-batch trial production stage of tires, which has a significant effect on shortening the tire design improvement cycle and improving R&D efficiency; (3) By selecting the excitation force at the wheel axle during the tire durability test as the excitation source of the entire tire structure, the structural vibration of the tire and rim assembly is stimulated. By adopting a segmented steady-state test and maintaining multiple fixed speed points, accurate basic test data support can be provided for tire simulation analysis, avoiding resonance between the tire and key components such as the engine after being assembled to the vehicle, thereby improving the ride comfort during vehicle driving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the location of the acceleration sensor.

[0012] Figure 2 The spectrum obtained by processing.

[0013] Figure 3 The frequency analysis data corresponding to the processed spectrum graph.

[0014] Among them, 1 is a tire-rim assembly; 2 is an acceleration sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention is further described below through specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to these. Other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0016] Example: Take the radial tire 750 / 65R25 as an example.

[0017] A tire structure vibration testing method comprises the following steps: (1) Verify whether the tire to be tested meets the specified standards for vibration testing S1. After vulcanization, tires should be stored at room temperature for at least 24 hours. Check the tire's appearance and quality to ensure it meets the requirements of HG / T2177. Before inflation, tires should be stored at room temperature between 18°C ​​and 36°C for at least 3 hours. S2. Mount the tire on a rim that complies with GB / T 2977 (the rim used in this example is 24.00 / 3.0). Inflate the tire to 625 kPa and park at room temperature between 18°C ​​and 36°C for at least 24 hours. Record the tire pressure before and after parking. Before measuring the tire pressure, adjust the tire pressure to the specified pressure. After parking for 15 minutes, immediately confirm and measure the tire inflation pressure to ensure the correct pressure. S3. Re-adjust the tire pressure to the specified value after parking. After parking for another 15 minutes, measure the tire circumference and cross-sectional width.

[0018] (2) Install the tire-rim assembly to be tested that meets the requirements on a drum durability tester so that the tire-rim assembly to be tested is perpendicular to the outer surface of the drum of the drum durability tester; collect vibration signals of the tire-rim assembly through an acceleration sensor, and the acceleration sensor 2 is fixed above the center position of the main shaft bearing seat of the tire-rim assembly 1 (see Figure 1 ); The acceleration signal can reflect the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on an object during vibration; the acceleration signal is more sensitive to high-frequency vibrations because the acceleration amplitude of high-frequency vibrations is larger; this makes the acceleration sensor more effective in measuring high-frequency vibrations.

[0019] (3) According to the actual application of tire performance, set the air pressure to P1=625 kPa, P2=500 kPa, P3=475 kPa, P4=425 kPa; set the load to F1=181300 N, F2=103880 N, F3= 64680N, F4=52920 N; set the speed to V1=5 km / h, V2=8 km / h, V3=9 km / h, V4=10 km / h, V5=11 km / h, V6=15 km / h, V7=20 km / h, V8=25 km / h, V9=30 km / h, V 10 =35 km / h; the signal acquisition time is at least 15 seconds, and the time domain data a=f(P, F, V) is obtained.

[0020] (4) The first standard air pressure P1 = 625 kPa, the first group: load F1 = 181300 N, when V1 = 5 km / h, the time domain data a is obtained 111 =f(P1, F1, V1); when V2=8 km / h, we get the time domain data a 112 =f(P1,F1,V2);And so on, until V 10 =35 km / h, and the time domain data V is obtained 1110 =f(P1, F1, V 10 ); The second group: load F2 = 103880 N, when V1 = 5 km / h, the time domain data a is obtained 121 =f(P1, F2, V1); when V2=8 km / h, we get the time domain data a 122 =f(P1,F2,V2);And so on, until V 10 =35 km / h, and the time domain data V is obtained 1210 =f(P1, F2, V 10 ); The third group: load F3 = 64680 N, when V1 = 5 km / h, the time domain data a is obtained 131 =f(P1, F3, V1); when V2=8 km / h, we get the time domain data a 132 =f(P1,F3,V2);And so on, until V 10 =35 km / h, and the time domain data V is obtained 1310 =f(P1, F3, V 10 ); Group 4: Load F4 = 52920 N, when V1 = 5 km / h, obtain time domain data a 141 =f(P1, F4, V1); when V2=8 km / h, we get the time domain data a 142 =f(P1,F4,V2);And so on, until V 10 =35 km / h, and the time domain data V is obtained1410 =f(P1, F4, V 10 ).

[0021] (5) After the test of the first standard air pressure P1 = 625 kPa is completed, the air pressure is adjusted to 25 kPa higher than the second standard air pressure (P2 = 500 kPa); after parking for at least 2 hours, the air pressure is confirmed again and adjusted to the second standard air pressure. Repeat step (4) and collect signals according to the load and speed corresponding to the second standard air pressure to obtain the time domain data a = f (P, F, V).

[0022] (6) Repeat step (5) to complete the load and speed signal acquisition corresponding to the third standard air pressure P3 = 475 kPa and the fourth standard air pressure P4 = 425 kPa in sequence, and obtain the time domain data a = f (P, F, V).

[0023] (7) Data analysis S1. Perform FFT processing on the obtained time domain data a=f(P, F, V) using OROS signal processing software to obtain the spectrum diagram (see Figure 2 ) and waterfall charts; S2. Identify the main peaks in the spectrum and derive the corresponding frequency data of the main peaks (see Figure 3 ), and compare them with the test tire’s pattern frequency harmonics and the engine’s natural frequency to determine the abnormal location that causes the tire’s structural vibration.

[0024] (8) Data judgment If the frequency data corresponding to the main peak is in the resonance band of the pattern harmonic frequency, then the tire vibration is likely to be caused by the periodic impact of the tire pattern, which is a vibration caused by the tire's own structure; if the frequency data corresponding to the main peak is in the resonance band of the engine's natural frequency, then the tire vibration is likely to be caused by engine excitation; through this comparative analysis, direct data support is provided for the tire's structure and pattern design, supporting product improvements, and avoiding resonance between the tire and the vehicle's engine and other components after being assembled on the vehicle, thereby increasing the vehicle's riding comfort.

[0025] The test equipment included in the method is a rotary drum durability tester and its accuracy requirements include: 1) The drum diameter of the testing machine is 3m, 5m or 7m; 2) The test drum surface of the testing machine should be a smooth steel surface, and its width should be greater than or equal to the total cross-sectional width of the test tire; 3) The loading capacity of the testing machine loading device should be able to meet the requirements of the test method, and its accuracy should be ±2% of the full scale; 4) The speed capability of the testing machine drum and the testing equipment shall meet the requirements of the test method, and its speed accuracy shall be plus 2 km / h; 5) The radial runout of the testing machine drum should be ≤0.5mm; 6) The ambient temperature measuring device should be set within a range of 150 mm to 1000 mm from the test tire.

[0026] In summary, the present invention provides a tire structure vibration testing method, which is simple and can effectively avoid the problems of long testing cycle and high testing cost in actual vehicle testing; testing and analysis can be carried out in the small-batch trial production stage of tires, which has a significant effect on shortening the tire design improvement cycle and improving R&D efficiency; by selecting the excitation force at the axle during the tire durability test as the excitation source of the overall tire structure, the structural vibration of the tire and rim assembly is stimulated, and a segmented steady-state test is adopted to maintain multiple fixed speed points, which can provide accurate basic test data support for tire simulation analysis, avoid resonance between the tire and key components such as the engine after being assembled to the vehicle, and thereby improve the ride comfort of the vehicle during driving.

[0027] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which shall fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tire structure vibration testing method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Verify whether the tire under test meets the specified standards for vibration testing; (2) Install the tire-rim assembly to be tested that meets the requirements on a rotary drum durability tester so that the tire-rim assembly to be tested is perpendicular to the outer surface of the rotary drum of the rotary drum durability tester; collect vibration signals of the tire-rim assembly through an acceleration sensor; (3) According to the actual application of tire performance, determine the test conditions and set the standard air pressure to P1, P2...P n , load is F1, F2...F n , speed is V1, V2...V n , according to the different loads F and speeds V corresponding to the set air pressure P at different stages, the signal is collected respectively to obtain the time domain data a=f(P, F, V); (4) First, the first standard air pressure is P1, the first group: when the load is F1 and the speed is V1, the time domain data a is obtained 111 =f(P1, F1, V1); when the speed is V2, the time domain data a is obtained 112 =f(P1, F1, V2); and so on, until the speed is V n , get the time domain data V 11n =f(P1, F1, V n ); The second group: when the load is F2 and the speed is V1, the time domain data a is obtained 121 =f(P1, F2, V1); when the speed is V2, the time domain data a is obtained 122 =f(P1, F2, V2); and so on, until the speed is V n , get the time domain data V 12n =f(P1, F2, V n ); until the nth group: the load is F n When the speed is V1, the time domain data a is obtained 1n1 =f(P1,F n , V1); when the speed is V2, the time domain data a is obtained 1n2 =f(P1,F n , V2); and so on, until the speed is V n , get the time domain data V 1n10 =f(P1,F n , V 10 ); (5) After the first standard air pressure P1 signal is collected, adjust the air pressure to 25 kPa higher than the second standard air pressure P2; after parking for at least 2 hours, confirm the air pressure again and adjust it to the second standard air pressure P2. Repeat step (4) and collect signals according to the different loads F and speeds V corresponding to the second standard air pressure P2 to obtain the time domain data a2 = f (P2, F, V); (6) Repeat step (5) to complete the third standard air pressure P3, the fourth standard air pressure P4, and the nth standard air pressure P n The corresponding signal collection of different loads and speeds obtains the time domain data a3=f(P3, F, V), a4=f(P4, F, V), ······a n =f(P n , F, V); (7) Data analysis; S1. Perform FFT processing on the obtained time-domain data a = f (P, F, V) using OROS signal processing software to generate a spectrum plot and waterfall plot. S2. Identify the primary peaks in the spectrum and derive the corresponding frequency data. Compare this data with the test tire's tread frequency harmonics and the engine's natural frequency to determine the location of the abnormality causing the tire's structural vibration. (8) Data judgment; If the frequency data corresponding to the main peak is in the resonance band of the pattern harmonic frequency, then the tire vibration is likely to be caused by the periodic impact of the tire pattern, which is the vibration caused by the tire's own structure; if the frequency data corresponding to the main peak is in the resonance band of the engine's natural frequency, then the tire vibration is likely to be caused by engine excitation.

2. A tire structure vibration testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal acquisition time is at least 15 seconds.

3. A tire structure vibration testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Verifying whether the tire to be tested meets the prescribed standards for vibration testing includes the following steps: S1. After vulcanization, tires should be stored at room temperature for at least 24 hours. Check the tire's appearance and quality to ensure it meets the requirements of HG / T2177. Before inflation, tires should be stored at room temperature between 18°C ​​and 36°C for at least 3 hours. S2. Mount the tire on a rim that complies with GB / T 2977 and inflate the tire to 625 kPa. Park the tire at room temperature between 18°C ​​and 36°C for at least 24 hours, recording the tire pressure before and after parking. Adjust the tire pressure to the specified pressure before measuring the parking pressure. Verify and measure the tire inflation pressure immediately after parking for 15 minutes. S3. Re-adjust the tire pressure to the specified value after parking. After parking for another 15 minutes, measure the tire circumference and cross-sectional width.

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