White radish seed plant storage method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable preservation, and particularly relates to a white radish seed plant storage method. The method comprises the following steps: a medicament treatment step: soaking a white radish seed plant in a carbendazim solution with the mass concentration (mass percent) of 0.1-0.23% for 10-30 minutes to obtain a medicament-soaked white radish; the method further comprises the steps of water loss treatment, storage and refrigeration. According to the method, white radish seed plants are soaked in a carbendazim solution, so that pathogenic bacteria are effectively killed; after being soaked, the white radish seed plants are dried and dewatered, so that the water content of the white radish seed plants is effectively reduced, the rotten root rate can be reduced, the survival rate is improved, and a very good storage effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable preservation, and in particular relates to a method for storing white radish seed plants. Background Art

[0002] Radish is an important cruciferous vegetable in my country, with a long history of cultivation. Rich in substances such as amylase, peroxidase, and glucosinolates, radish boasts anti-cancer, antitussive, and digestive properties, making it a versatile vegetable crop for both medicinal and edible uses. White radish is a key cultivated type of radish in my country, accounting for over 50% of total radish production. High-quality varieties are the foundation of radish production. Currently, the white radish varieties promoted in production essentially meet year-round production needs in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, playing a crucial role in ensuring radish production and increasing farmers' incomes.

[0003] In the breeding process of white radish varieties, there are two seed collection methods: the small plant method, which involves sowing in winter, undergoing two months of vernalization at low temperatures, and then collecting seeds after flowering and pollination in the spring. The other method, the mother plant method, involves sowing in autumn, harvesting and storing the radishes after they mature, and then collecting seeds after flowering and pollination in the spring of the following year. Compared to the two methods, the mother plant method allows for the selection and identification of radish fleshy roots, preserving superior varietal characteristics. However, the small plant method, which fails to select for superior traits, can lead to self-depression after multiple generations of selfing. Therefore, the mother plant method is preferred for seed preservation in white radish breeding. The mother plant method requires three to four months of winter storage. During this process, white radish, due to its high water content, is susceptible to root rot using traditional cellar or cold storage methods. Therefore, reducing the root rot rate and increasing the survival rate of white radish seed plants during storage has long been a challenge for radish breeders. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for storing white radish seed plants, comprising the following steps: a drug soaking step: soaking the white radish seed plants in a carbendazim solution to obtain drug-soaked white radishes; a dehydration treatment step: storing the drug-soaked white radishes to obtain dehydrated white radishes; a burying step: burying the dehydrated white radishes in nutrient soil to obtain white radishes buried in nutrient soil; and a refrigeration step: refrigerating the white radishes buried in the nutrient soil to obtain refrigerated white radishes.

[0005] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0006] 1. The present invention soaks the white radish seedlings in a carbendazim solution to effectively kill pathogens; and air-dries the white radish seedlings for water loss treatment after soaking, thereby effectively reducing the water content of the white radish seedlings, reducing the root rot rate, and improving the survival rate.

[0007] 2. The present invention does not follow the experience of the prior art of avoiding the use of drugs such as carbendazim to soak white radish seeds, but uses a carbendazim solution of appropriate concentration for a reasonable soaking time, combined with the subsequent steps, to improve the survival rate of white radish, reduce the root rot rate, and achieve a good storage effect.

[0008] 3. The storage method of the present invention is applicable to all varieties of white radish and has a wide range of applications.

[0009] 4. The storage method of the present invention adopts appropriate parameters and the various operating steps work synergistically to achieve excellent results.

[0010] 5. The storage method of the present invention is simple to operate, low in cost, and easy to promote and use throughout the country. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 : Photo of carbendazim solution soaked white radish seed strain among Example 1.

[0012] Figure 2 : Photo of the white radish seed strain aired in a dry place among Example 1.

[0013] Figure 3 : Photo of the white radish seed plant being packed in the plastic basket covered with nutrient soil among Example 1.

[0014] Figure 4 : Photos of white radish seeds buried in nutrient soil after being refrigerated over the winter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] To make the technical solutions, objectives and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0016] The present invention provides a method for storing white radish seed plants, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Chemical treatment steps:

[0018] The white radish seed plants are soaked in a carbendazim solution with a mass concentration (ie, mass percentage) of 0.1% to 0.23% for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain the drug-soaked white radish.

[0019] Wherein, the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution can be any one of 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, or a range between two thereof, for example, any one of 0.15%-0.17%, 0.14%-0.18%, 0.13%-0.19%, 0.12%-0.2%, 0.11%-21%, or 0.15%-0.23%, and is preferably 0.167%.

[0020] The soaking time can be any one of 10 minutes, 12 minutes, 14 minutes, 16 minutes, 18 minutes, 20 minutes, 22 minutes, 24 minutes, 26 minutes, 28 minutes, 30 minutes or a range between two thereof, for example, any one of 18-22 minutes, 16-24 minutes, 14-26 minutes, 12-28 minutes, 10-22 minutes, 14-30 minutes, preferably 20 minutes.

[0021] The carbendazim solution can be prepared by adding water to commercially available 50% (mass percentage) carbendazim wettable powder.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, the radish seed plants are watered 10 to 20 days before harvest (for example, any one or two of 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, and 20 days, for example, any one of 14-16 days, 13-17 days, 12-18 days, and 11-19 days, preferably 15 days) until harvest.

[0023] The white radish seed plants are disease-free, insect-infested and undamaged white radishes selected from the field in autumn; the leaves of the white radish seed plants have been cut off, and 1 to 3 cm of petioles, preferably 2 cm, are retained.

[0024] Dehydration treatment steps:

[0025] The white radish soaked in the medicine is subjected to a dehydration treatment: the white radish is stored in a dry, ventilated and cool environment for 4 to 8 days (for example, any one or two ranges of 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, and 8 days, for example, any one of 5-7 days, 4-6 days, 5-8 days, and 6-8 days, preferably 5 to 6) to obtain dehydrated white radish.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the dehydration treatment is 10-15° C. (for example, any one or a range between two of 10° C., 11° C., 12° C., 13° C., 14° C., and 15° C., for example, any one of 11-13° C., 10-14° C., and 11-15° C., preferably 12° C.), and the humidity is 40%-50% (for example, any one or a range between two of 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, and 50%, for example, any one of 44%-46%, 43%-47%, 42%-48%, 41%-49%, 44%-49%, and 41%-46%).

[0027] As a preferred embodiment, the dehydration treatment is carried out in mid-November, at the turn of autumn and winter, when the temperature is 10-15°C.

[0028] During the above-mentioned dehydration treatment, the white radish should be prevented from directly contacting the ground (the white radish can be placed on a shelf), and direct sunlight should be avoided to avoid damaging the white radish skin.

[0029] In the storage method provided by the present invention, the aforementioned treatment and dehydration steps are crucial. The primary cause of root rot in winter-stored white radish is pathogenic invasion. Soaking white radish seedlings in a carbendazim solution effectively kills pathogens without damaging the growing points of the seedlings. Because white radish has a high water content, dehydration treatment is also crucial: too short a dehydration period will fail to reduce root rot, while too long a dehydration period will cause the growing points to wilt, affecting the survival rate of the seedlings. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide an optimal dehydration treatment time.

[0030] Burial steps:

[0031] The dehydrated white radish is buried in nutrient soil.

[0032] The nutrient soil comprises peat and soil, wherein the mass ratio of peat to soil is (1-3):1, preferably 2:1. The preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises spraying water on the peat and soil and then thoroughly mixing them, wherein the moisture content is preferably such that the soil can be grasped into a ball but does not drip.

[0033] The soil is preferably disease-free soil that was not planted with cruciferous crops in the previous crop and has been sieved to remove large clods and rocks. The soil may be, for example, black soil, loess, or red soil.

[0034] The function of the above-mentioned nutrient soil is to allow air to pass through and retain moisture. If peat is not added, the air permeability will be affected and the white radish will easily rot during the subsequent cold storage step.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the operation of the burying step includes: repeatedly stacking the dehydrated white radish in the order of a layer of white radish and a layer of nutrient soil.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the white radish is stacked in a maximum of 3 layers. In order to maintain ventilation and avoid root rot, the number of layers should not be too many.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the nutrient soil between each layer of white radish is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm, so as to cover the white radish; the thickness of the nutrient soil covering the upper part of the top layer of white radish is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm; the thickness of the nutrient soil on the bottom of the bottom layer of white radish is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm.

[0038] The above burying step can be carried out in a container (such as a plastic basket); that is: first spread nutrient soil in the container, and then stack a layer of white radish, a layer of nutrient soil, another layer of white radish, another layer of nutrient soil... repeat the order and stack them in sequence, and finally cover the top layer with a layer of nutrient soil. This can maintain temperature and humidity, avoid radish core hollowing, and affect the seed yield in the second year.

[0039] Refrigeration steps:

[0040] The white radish buried in the nutrient soil is subjected to a cold storage process, wherein the temperature of the cold storage process is 2-4° C. and the humidity is 70%-80%.

[0041] In the prior art, the commonly used method for storing radishes is the cellar method, that is, after the radishes are harvested and air-dried, they are directly stored in a cellar, without using the method of soaking with carbendazim. The inventors of the present invention have found through a large number of experiments that the white radish is soaked with carbendazim, and through trial and error, they have found that the root rot rate of the white radish plants can be effectively reduced and the survival rate of the white radish can be increased by reasonably controlling the concentration and soaking time of carbendazim, and the growth points will not be damaged. The inventors of the present invention have also found that the carbendazim soaking treatment can be used in combination with other suitable treatment operations such as burial and refrigeration, which can benefit each other and achieve a good preservation effect. At the same time, because the white radish treated by the present invention is a plant for breeding, not an edible radish, the soaking of the white radish with carbendazim does not cause harm to humans.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, the various reagents, materials, etc. used in the following examples are all products that can be obtained from commercial channels; unless otherwise specified, the various tests and detection methods used in the following examples are all conventional tests and detection methods in the field, which can be obtained from textbooks, reference books or academic journals.

[0043] All test materials used in this invention are germplasm resources stored in the Vegetable Germplasm Resource Bank of the Vegetable Research Institute of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. Anyone can freely obtain relevant materials from this bank for the purpose of achieving the purpose of this invention. The contact address is: Vegetable Research Institute of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Banjing, Xijiao, Haidian District, Beijing, Postal Code: 100097, Contact Person: Zhang Li, Telephone: 010-81127153.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment is used to describe a method for storing white radish seed plants, which includes the following steps.

[0046] S1: White radish seedlings (number FW23-11, from the Vegetable Germplasm Resource Bank of the Vegetable Research Institute of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences) Pre-harvest treatment: stop watering 15 days before harvest.

[0047] S2: Seed plant treatment: Select disease-free, insect-free, undamaged, high-quality and mature white radish from the field as seed plants, cut off the leaves, leaving 2 cm petioles, and obtain white radish seed plants.

[0048] S3: Chemical treatment: 50% carbendazim wettable powder was used to prepare a carbendazim solution with a mass concentration of 0.167%, and the white radish plants were soaked in it for 20 minutes (such as Figure 1 ) to obtain the white radish soaked in medicine.

[0049] S4: Dehydration treatment: Take out the soaked white radish from the carbendazim solution and dry it in a dry, ventilated and cool environment (temperature 12°C, humidity 40% to 50%) for 5 to 6 days (such as Figure 2 ), and obtain dehydrated white radish.

[0050] S5: Preparation of nutrient soil: Mix peat and soil in a mass ratio of 2:1, spray water to mix evenly, so that the soil can be grasped into a ball but does not drip water, to make nutrient soil.

[0051] S6: Burying and Basketing: Put the dehydrated white radish into a plastic basket filled with nutrient soil, and repeat the order of one layer of white radish and one layer of nutrient soil. There are 3 layers of white radish in total. The surface of the top layer of white radish is covered with 2 cm of nutrient soil, and the bottom of the bottom layer of white radish is covered with 2 cm of nutrient soil. The thickness of nutrient soil between two adjacent layers of white radish is 2 cm (such as Figure 3 ).

[0052] S7: Refrigeration: Place the plastic baskets containing the white radish in a cold storage for refrigeration during the winter (e.g. Figure 4 ), the temperature is 2-4°C, and the humidity is 70%-80%. If the humidity is too low during the above-mentioned cold storage treatment, you can spray water on the cold storage floor to keep it moist.

[0053] As shown in Table 1, the root rot rate of the white radish seedlings after wintering in this embodiment was only 7.5%, and the survival rate was 98.4%.

[0054] The root rot rate was calculated as follows: the number of radishes that rotted (including slightly rotted) after cold storage / the total number of radishes before cold storage×100%.

[0055] The survival rate was calculated as follows: the number of surviving white radishes planted in the field after cold storage / the total number of white radishes before cold storage × 100%.

[0056] Experimental example

[0057] This experiment was used to compare the effects of different carbendazim solution concentrations and different soaking times on the storage performance of white radish seed plants.

[0058] In the white radish seed storage method of this experimental example, steps S1, S2, S4 to S7 are performed according to the operations of Example 1, the parameters of step S3 are shown in Table 1, and the root rot rate and survival rate after wintering under different parameter treatments of step S3 are also shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1: Effects of different carbendazim concentrations and soaking time on the storage effect of white radish seedlings

[0060]

[0061] As shown in Table 1, the concentration of carbendazim solution and the soaking time of the agent in Treatment 2 and Treatment 3 resulted in a root rot rate of less than 10% and a survival rate of more than 88% for the white radish plants after wintering; among them, the rooting rate of the white radish plants soaked in a carbendazim solution with a mass concentration of 0.167% for 20 minutes was 7.5%, and the survival rate was 98.4%, indicating the best treatment effect.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] Except for the following operations and parameters, the rest of this embodiment is carried out according to the method of Example 1:

[0064] In step S3, the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution used is 0.167%, and the soaking time is 10 minutes.

[0065] As shown in Table 1, the root rot rate of the white radish seedlings after wintering in this embodiment was only 8.3%, and the survival rate was 95.3%.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] Except for the following operations and parameters, the rest of this embodiment is carried out according to the method of Example 1:

[0068] In step S3, the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution used is 0.167%, and the soaking time is 30 minutes.

[0069] As shown in Table 1, the root rot rate of the white radish seedlings after wintering in this embodiment was only 6.8%, and the survival rate was 91.2%.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] Except for the following operations and parameters, the rest of this embodiment is carried out according to the method of Example 1:

[0072] In step S3, the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution used is 0.125%, and the soaking time is 10 minutes.

[0073] As shown in Table 1, the root rot rate of the white radish seedlings after wintering in this embodiment was only 8.2%, and the survival rate was 90.2%.

[0074] Example 5

[0075] Except for the following operations and parameters, the rest of this embodiment is carried out according to the method of Example 1:

[0076] In step S3, the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution used is 0.125%, and the soaking time is 20 minutes.

[0077] As shown in Table 1, the root rot rate of the white radish seedlings after wintering in this embodiment was only 6.3%, and the survival rate was 89.5%.

[0078] Example 6

[0079] Except for the following operations and parameters, the rest of this embodiment is carried out according to the method of Example 1:

[0080] In step S3, the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution used is 0.125%, and the soaking time is 30 minutes.

[0081] As shown in Table 1, the root rot rate of the white radish seedlings after wintering in this embodiment was only 5.4%, and the survival rate was 88.4%.

[0082] Example 7

[0083] Except for the following operations and parameters, the rest of this embodiment is carried out according to the method of Example 1:

[0084] In step S3, the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution used is 0.23%, and the soaking time is 10 minutes.

[0085] The root rot rate of the white radish plants after wintering in this embodiment was only 8.5%, and the survival rate was 92%.

[0086] Example 8

[0087] Except for the following operations and parameters, the rest of this embodiment is carried out according to the method of Example 1:

[0088] In step S3, the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution used is 0.1%, and the soaking time is 30 minutes.

[0089] The root rot rate of the white radish seed plants after wintering in this embodiment was only 5.1%, and the survival rate was 87.6%.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] This comparative example was carried out according to the method of Example 1 except for the following operations and parameters:

[0092] In step S4, the radish after being soaked in the carbendazim solution is taken out and air-dried in a dry, ventilated and cool environment (temperature 12° C., humidity 40% to 50%) for 9 days to obtain dehydrated radish.

[0093] The root rot rate of the white radish seed plants after wintering in this embodiment was 10%, and the survival rate was 75%.

[0094] Comparative Example 2

[0095] This comparative example was carried out according to the method of Example 1 except for the following operations and parameters:

[0096] In step S4, the radish after being soaked in the carbendazim solution is taken out and air-dried in a dry, ventilated and cool environment (temperature 12° C., humidity 40% to 50%) for 3 days to obtain dehydrated radish.

[0097] The root rot rate of the white radish seed plants after wintering in this embodiment was 15%, and the survival rate was 77%.

[0098] Comparative Example 3

[0099] This comparative example compares the storage effect of the white radish seed storage method of Example 1 with that of the traditional cellar storage method.

[0100] Cellar Storage Method: Refer to Ji Wenhai's "Analysis of Storage Experience with Suburban Radishes" (Agricultural Science Bulletin, 1957, 11:632-633): Harvested white radishes were placed in an earthen cellar, generally laid flat in two layers. After placement, 8 cm of soil was added; the cellar was covered with a layer of straw mats for insulation. Eight white radish strains of FW24-39, five strains of 24-13-89, 20 strains of FWA24-135, and ten strains of FWB24-56 were selected. All of these materials were obtained from the Vegetable Germplasm Resource Bank of the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.

[0101] Low temperature cold storage method: that is, treating white radish seedlings according to steps S1 to S7 of Example 1. 10 white radish FW24-39, 20 24-13-89, 7 FWA24-135, and 15 FWB24-56 were selected.

[0102] Table 2: Effects of cellar storage and low-temperature cold storage on the survival rate of white radish seedlings

[0103]

[0104] The experimental results are shown in Table 2, which illustrate that the method of Example 1 can preserve white radish seedlings with a survival rate of over 93%, which is significantly higher than the traditional cellaring method (survival rate less than 50%). In addition, this method is highly operational, simple, and low-cost.

[0105] Comparative Example 4

[0106] This comparative example is used to illustrate the effect of using chlorothalonil solution for soaking on the storage effect of white radish seed plants.

[0107] In the white radish seed storage method of this experimental example, steps S1, S2, and S4 to S7 were performed according to the operations in Example 1.

[0108] S3: 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder was added with water to prepare a chlorothalonil solution (concentrations shown in Table 3), and white radish seedlings were soaked in the solution for 20 minutes to obtain the soaked white radish.

[0109] The root rot rate and survival rate of white radish after wintering are shown in Table 3.

[0110] Table 3: Effects of different concentrations (mass concentration, i.e., mass percentage) of chlorothalonil on the storage effect of white radish seed plants

[0111] deal with Thiophanate concentration% Water adding times Root rot rate% Survival rate% 1 0.375 200 20.3 79.7 2 0.25 300 21.5 78.6 3 0.188 400 19.6 63.1

[0112] As shown in Table 3, after the white radish seeds were soaked in the chlorothalonil solution, the root rot rate of the white radish after wintering was high and the survival rate was low, and the storage effect was not ideal.

[0113] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for storing white radish seed plants, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: The drug soaking step comprises soaking the white radish seedlings in a carbendazim solution to obtain drug-soaked white radish; Dehydration treatment step: storing the white radish soaked in medicine to obtain dehydrated white radish; Burying step: burying the dehydrated white radish in nutrient soil to obtain white radish buried in nutrient soil; Refrigeration step: refrigerating the white radish buried in the nutrient soil to obtain refrigerated white radish.

2. The method for storing white radish seed plants according to claim 1, wherein: In the drug soaking step, the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.1% to 0.23%, preferably 0.167%.

3. The method for storing white radish seed plants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: In the drug soaking step, the soaking time is 10 to 30 minutes, preferably 20 minutes.

4. The method for storing white radish seed plants according to claim 3, wherein: In the drug soaking step, the leaves of the white radish seed plants have been cut off, leaving 1 to 3 cm of petioles, preferably 2 cm.

5. The method for storing white radish seed plants according to claim 1, wherein: In the dehydration treatment step, the storage time is 4 to 8 days, preferably 5 to 6 days.

6. The method for storing white radish seed plants according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: In the dehydration treatment step, the storage temperature is 10-15° C.; the storage humidity is 40-50%.

7. The method for storing white radish seed plants according to claim 1, wherein: In the burying step, the nutrient soil includes peat and soil, and the mass ratio of the peat to soil is (1-3):1, preferably 2:

1.

8. The method for storing white radish seed plants according to claim 1 or 7, wherein: In the burying step, the burying method is: stacking in the order of one layer of white radish and one layer of nutrient soil; the white radish is stacked in a maximum of 3 layers.

9. The method for storing white radish seed plants according to claim 8, wherein: In the burying step, the thickness of the nutrient soil between each layer of white radish is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm; the thickness of the nutrient soil covering the upper part of the top layer of white radish is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm; the thickness of the nutrient soil paved on the bottom of the bottom layer of white radish is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm.

10. The method for storing white radish seed plants according to claim 1, wherein: In the refrigeration step, the temperature of the refrigeration treatment is 2 to 4° C., and the humidity is 70% to 80%.

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