Barrier structure, battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a barrier structure, a battery pack and electric equipment. Relates to the technical field of structure protection. The barrier structure includes a package and a heat absorbing impact resistant member. An accommodating cavity is formed in the packaging piece; the heat absorption impact-resistant part is located in the containing cavity and comprises a solid-phase polymer and a liquid phase. The blocking structure has the functions of heat absorption and impact resistance. The barrier structure can effectively absorb energy generated by thermal failure, and the influence of thermal runaway on adjacent batteries is reduced. And the barrier structure has impact resistance when the battery pack is subjected to external impact or vibration. By reducing the impact force transmitted to the adjacent batteries, the barrier structure can reduce the risk of battery damage and improve the overall durability of the battery pack, and according to the barrier structure, the battery pack and the electric equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention, the functional diversity of the barrier structure is increased, the thermal runaway prevention and control capability of the barrier structure is improved, and the service life of the battery pack is prolonged. And the use performance of the battery pack and the electric equipment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of structural protection technology, and in particular to a barrier structure, a battery pack, and electrical equipment. Background Art

[0002] A barrier is a structure or device used to separate spaces or areas.

[0003] In related technologies, to prevent collisions between adjacent components, barrier structures are installed between them. Currently, some adjacent components may experience heat diffusion after collision. To prevent this heat diffusion, barrier structures are installed between adjacent components to isolate the heat diffusion path and limit the impact of thermal runaway.

[0004] However, existing barrier structures have a single function and cannot meet market demand. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a barrier structure, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The barrier structure has the functions of absorbing heat and resisting impact, which increases the functional diversity of the barrier structure and avoids accidents such as failure and heat spread after an object loses control due to collision.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a barrier structure, comprising:

[0007] A packaging member is formed with a receiving cavity;

[0008] The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component is located in the accommodating cavity and comprises a solid-phase polymer and a liquid phase; the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component has heat-absorbing and impact-resistant functions.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the solid phase polymer and the liquid phase are connected by intermolecular forces.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the solid phase polymer includes a disulfide bond polymer and a basic amino acid.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the disulfide bond polymer includes at least one of polylipoic acid and a polylipoic acid-modified derivative polymer.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the basic amino acid includes at least one of arginine, lysine, and histidine.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the pKa value of the carboxyl group of the basic amino acid is less than the pKa value of the disulfide bond polymer.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the basic amino acids are dispersed in the polymer network of the disulfide bond polymer in the form of molecular clusters.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the liquid phase includes an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is connected to the solid phase polymer through intermolecular forces.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present application, the organic solvent includes an ionic liquid, which is connected to the solid phase polymer via hydrogen bonds.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the ionic liquid includes 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, ethylammonium nitrate, aluminate ionic liquid, and lactic acid-based ionic liquid.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, there are multiple heat-absorbing and impact-resistant components, and the multiple heat-absorbing and impact-resistant components are arranged in sequence along the first direction.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the barrier structure further includes a plurality of limiting members.

[0020] Limiting pieces are provided between adjacent heat-absorbing and impact-resistant pieces.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, an extension length of the limiting member along the first direction is A, and A satisfies: 0.8 mm ≤ A ≤ 1.2 mm.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the extension length of the limiting member along the second direction is B, and B satisfies: 1.2 mm ≤ B ≤ 1.8 mm; the first direction and the second direction intersect.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the limiting component includes at least one of a polymer and a metal.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the package includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the barrier structure has a plate shape.

[0026] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes a shell, a battery, and a barrier structure.

[0027] The shell has a cavity, and the battery and the barrier structure are both located in the cavity.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, there are multiple batteries, and the multiple batteries are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and a barrier structure is provided between adjacent batteries.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the barrier structure is wrapped around the periphery of the battery.

[0030] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device including a battery pack.

[0031] The embodiments of the present application provide a barrier structure, battery pack, and electrical equipment. First, the barrier structure includes a package and a heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component. The package defines a housing cavity; the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component is located within the housing cavity and includes a solid-phase polymer and a liquid phase. The barrier structure has heat-absorbing and impact-resistant properties, increasing its functional diversity and meeting the need to block collisions in extreme situations, thereby improving product performance and preventing further spread of accidents.

[0032] Secondly, a barrier structure can be placed between adjacent cells to provide heat absorption and impact resistance, increasing the barrier's functional versatility. The barrier structure effectively absorbs energy generated by thermal failure, reducing the impact of thermal runaway on adjacent cells. This energy-absorbing property helps reduce temperature peaks within the battery pack and prevent the spread of thermal runaway.

[0033] The barrier structure provides impact resistance, absorbing and dissipating the mechanical forces generated by a collision. This helps protect the battery from physical damage, particularly when the battery pack is subjected to external shock or vibration. By reducing the impact force transmitted to adjacent cells, the barrier structure reduces the risk of battery damage and improves the overall durability of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the barrier structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Description of reference numerals:

[0038] 10: barrier structure;

[0039] 100: package;

[0040] 200: heat-absorbing and impact-resistant parts;

[0041] 300: limiter;

[0042] 400: Battery.

[0043] The above drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and the textual description are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the present application to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0045] In related technologies, some adjacent components may generate heat diffusion after collision. In order to prevent such heat diffusion, a barrier structure is provided between adjacent components. The barrier structure is used to isolate the heat diffusion path and curb the impact of thermal runaway.

[0046] One barrier structure includes a silicone frame, thermal insulation wool, and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer. The thermal insulation wool comprises an aerogel insulation layer, a lower polyimide layer, and an upper polyimide layer. The lower polyimide layer covers the bottom surface of the thermal insulation layer and adheres to the surface of the lower PET layer, while the upper polyimide layer covers the top surface of the thermal insulation layer and adheres to the bottom surface of the upper PET layer. This barrier structure utilizes the cushioning properties of the silicone frame, the low thermal conductivity of the aerogel, and the high-temperature resistance of the polyimide to reduce the risk of thermal diffusion in the battery.

[0047] While using aerogel as a thermal barrier can effectively prevent heat conduction, it only insulates and does not absorb heat. Heat accumulation in a single failed component still poses a risk of thermal runaway. Furthermore, existing barrier structures cannot provide impact resistance.

[0048] For example, when a barrier structure is used in a battery pack, if the battery pack is severely impacted, the damaged cells within the pack will generate heat, triggering thermal runaway. The runaway cells will further cause heat diffusion within the battery pack. The barrier structure between adjacent cells is made of gel insulation, which has a low thermal conductivity and can block the heat diffusion path of individual cells when thermal runaway occurs.

[0049] When a battery pack is used in a vehicle, it is typically surrounded by a thick protective tray to protect the battery pack from damage in a collision. This provides enhanced impact resistance. However, despite the protective tray, adjacent cells within the battery pack can still collide under external forces.

[0050] However, the above-mentioned barrier structure can only play the role of separation and heat insulation, and does not have the ability to absorb heat and resist impact.

[0051] In summary, the existing barrier structure has the problem of single function and cannot meet market demand.

[0052] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a barrier structure, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The barrier structure includes a packaging member and a heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member. The packaging member defines a receiving cavity; the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member is located within the receiving cavity and comprises a solid-phase polymer and a liquid phase.

[0053] The barrier structure can effectively absorb the energy generated by thermal failure, reducing the impact of thermal runaway on adjacent batteries. This energy-absorbing property of the barrier structure helps reduce the temperature peak inside the battery pack and prevent the spread of thermal runaway.

[0054] The barrier structure provides impact resistance, absorbing and dissipating the mechanical forces generated by a collision. This helps protect the battery from physical damage, particularly when the battery pack is subjected to external shock or vibration. By reducing the impact force transmitted to adjacent cells, the barrier structure reduces the risk of battery damage and improves the overall durability of the battery pack.

[0055] The barrier structure, battery pack, and electrical equipment provided in the embodiments of the present application increase the functional diversity of the barrier structure, improve the thermal runaway prevention and control capabilities of the barrier structure, and improve the performance of the battery pack and electrical equipment.

[0056] The following specific embodiments describe in detail the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0057] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device including a battery pack.

[0058] For example, the battery pack is responsible for providing the required electrical energy to the electrical equipment.

[0059] It is understandable that the electrical device may be a device or system that requires electrical energy to drive, such as a mobile phone, a computer, a vehicle, a household appliance, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific types of electrical devices.

[0060] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes a housing, a battery 400 and a barrier structure 10 .

[0061] The housing has a cavity, and the battery 400 and the barrier structure 10 are both located in the cavity.

[0062] For example, the housing is the outer structure of the battery pack, providing physical protection and structural support for the battery pack. The housing is used to protect the internal components of the battery pack from the external environment.

[0063] The multiple batteries 400 in the battery pack are the source of electrical energy. Depending on the application requirements, these batteries 400 can be lithium-ion batteries 400, nickel-metal hydride batteries 400, lead-acid batteries 400, etc. This embodiment of the application does not limit the specific type of battery 400. Different batteries 400 can be connected in series or parallel to achieve the required voltage and capacity.

[0064] The barrier structure 10 is located between the batteries 400 , and is used to provide heat insulation, heat absorption and impact resistance functions.

[0065] The thermal insulation properties of the barrier structure 10 effectively prevent heat transfer between the battery cells 400. In the event of thermal failure in a battery cell 400, the barrier structure 10 effectively prevents a chain reaction of thermal runaway. By limiting the spread of heat, the barrier structure 10 helps maintain the overall temperature stability of the battery pack.

[0066] The barrier structure 10 can effectively absorb the energy generated by thermal failure and reduce the impact of thermal runaway on adjacent batteries 400. The energy absorption property of the barrier structure 10 helps to reduce the temperature peak inside the battery pack and prevent the spread of thermal runaway.

[0067] The barrier structure 10 is impact-resistant, absorbing and dissipating the mechanical forces generated by collisions. This helps protect the battery cells 400 from physical damage, particularly when the battery pack is subjected to external shock or vibration. By reducing the impact force transmitted to adjacent cells 400, the barrier structure 10 reduces the risk of damage to the battery cells 400 and improves the overall durability of the battery pack.

[0068] The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 of the barrier structure 10 is resistant to mechanical impact, and thus the amount and thickness of protective members such as trays around the battery pack can be appropriately reduced, thereby reducing the production cost of the battery pack.

[0069] As a feasible implementation, there are multiple batteries, and the multiple batteries 400 are stacked in sequence along the second direction, with a barrier structure 10 provided between adjacent batteries 400 .

[0070] For example, the batteries 400 are stacked along the second direction to maximize the use of space and improve the energy density of the battery pack. Figure 1 The barrier structure 10 is used to provide heat insulation, heat absorption and impact resistance.

[0071] In some embodiments, the battery 400 is a square battery 400 , and a barrier structure 10 is disposed between adjacent batteries 400 .

[0072] As a feasible implementation, the barrier structure 10 is wrapped around the periphery of the battery 400 .

[0073] In some embodiments, the battery 400 is a cylindrical battery 400. The barrier structure 10 is wrapped around the outer circumference of the cylindrical battery 400, and the barrier structure 10 provides comprehensive protection for the battery 400.

[0074] Since the barrier structure 10 can improve the thermal runaway prevention and control effect of the battery pack, the structure of the barrier structure 10 is introduced in detail below.

[0075] Thirdly, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a barrier structure, comprising:

[0076] The package 100 is formed with a receiving cavity;

[0077] The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component 200 is located in the accommodating cavity. The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component 200 includes a solid-phase polymer and a liquid phase. The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component 200 has heat-absorbing and impact-resistant functions.

[0078] For example, the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 is located within the housing cavity of the package 100. The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 has dual functions: impact hardening and heat absorption. The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 can undergo shear thickening under preset conditions. These preset conditions can be designed based on specific circumstances; for example, for rapid stress impact, the design can be tailored to the specific product characteristics. The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 can be a heat-absorbing and impact-resistant layer.

[0079] Shear thickening, also known as dilatant, refers to the phenomenon that when the shear rate or shear stress increases to a certain value, new structures are formed in the liquid, causing an increase in resistance, resulting in an increase in the apparent viscosity of the liquid and an expansion of the volume.

[0080] For example, a solid-phase polymer exhibits viscoelastic properties. When impacted, the polymer converts kinetic energy into heat. This is due to the energy dissipation process caused by internal friction and viscous flow within the polymer. Due to this energy dissipation, the polymer can effectively absorb the impact energy, thereby reducing damage to the structure or component. In this way, the polymer achieves impact resistance.

[0081] The liquid phase has a heat-absorbing function, absorbing heat as its temperature rises. The amount of heat absorbed is determined by its specific heat capacity. When the liquid phase transitions to the gas phase, that is, when the liquid phase undergoes a phase change, it absorbs a large amount of heat, which is used for evaporative cooling. In this way, the liquid phase achieves its heat-absorbing function.

[0082] Solid-phase polymers also possess heat capacity, meaning they can store heat. Heat capacity refers to the amount of heat a material can absorb when its temperature rises. Due to the complex molecular structure of solid-phase polymers, the vibrations, rotations, and other motions of the molecular chains increase when absorbing heat, thus enabling their heat absorption.

[0083] The liquid phase is highly fluid, allowing it to redistribute quickly upon impact. This fluidity allows the liquid to change shape under impact, thereby dispersing and absorbing the impact energy. This gives the liquid phase its impact resistance.

[0084] The liquid phase is located in the closed cavity of package 100. When impacted, the liquid phase in the closed cavity will evenly distribute pressure. This uniform pressure distribution can reduce local stress concentration, thereby reducing damage to package 100 and internal components.

[0085] Encapsulation 100 encloses heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 within its internal cavity. Encapsulation 100 protects heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200, enhancing its stability and preventing direct damage from the external environment. Furthermore, encapsulation 100 provides a physical barrier for heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200, isolating it from the outside world and reducing safety risks.

[0086] The package 100 can disperse and absorb impact energy through its material and structural properties, reducing the energy transferred to the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant components. In this way, the package 100 has impact resistance, which helps protect the solid polymer and liquid phase inside.

[0087] Package 100 encloses the liquid phase in its containment cavity. The liquid phase itself is fluid and can redistribute within the containment cavity when impacted, thereby absorbing and dissipating some of the impact energy, thus providing the liquid phase with impact resistance. Furthermore, package 100 effectively seals the liquid phase within the containment cavity to prevent leakage and contamination.

[0088] When the barrier structure 10 is used in the battery 400, when the battery 400 experiences thermal runaway, the barrier structure 10 located between adjacent batteries 400 begins to function, and the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant parts 200 in the barrier structure 10 block heat transfer and thermal shock between adjacent batteries 400 to improve the stability of the battery 400.

[0089] For ease of description, the following uses a vehicle as an electrical device. In the event of a collision, if a side sill or other foreign object intrudes into the battery pack, the barrier structure 10 rapidly hardens, providing a modulus of several GPa, preventing deformation and damage to the battery 400. The barrier structure 10 can be used in conjunction with existing protective systems, such as the tray, to enhance the mechanical safety of the battery pack.

[0090] Under the influence of heat, the liquid phase absorbs heat by changing from liquid to gaseous state. This phase change absorbs heat while simultaneously lowering the temperature of the battery pack, thus providing effective thermal management. By absorbing heat and evaporating, the liquid phase maintains the temperature of the battery 400 below 180°C, preventing further failure of the battery 400.

[0091] At the same time, the barrier structure 10 located between adjacent batteries 400 has thermal insulation properties. The barrier structure 10 can effectively prevent heat transfer between the batteries 400. By limiting the diffusion of heat, the barrier structure 10 helps maintain the overall temperature stability of the battery pack.

[0092] The barrier structure 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application has the capabilities of heat insulation, heat absorption, and impact resistance, which increases the functional diversity of the barrier structure 10 and improves the thermal runaway prevention and control capability of the barrier structure 10.

[0093] As a feasible embodiment, the solid phase polymer and the liquid phase are connected by intermolecular forces.

[0094] Intermolecular forces can provide additional mechanical stability, allowing the solid polymer and liquid phases to perform better under stress and strain conditions.

[0095] As a feasible embodiment, the solid phase polymer includes a disulfide bond polymer and a basic amino acid.

[0096] For example, disulfide polymers are polymers linked by disulfide bonds (SS bonds), which can be reversibly formed and broken under oxidative and reductive conditions.

[0097] Basic amino acids are those that carry a positive charge at physiological pH. Their side chains typically contain an amino group or a similar functional group that enables them to accept protons at neutral or near-neutral pH, thereby carrying a positive charge.

[0098] As a feasible embodiment, the disulfide bond polymer includes at least one of polylipoic acid and a modified polylipoic acid derivative polymer.

[0099] For example, polylipoic acid is a disulfide-bonded polymer composed of lipoic acid monomers linked by disulfide bonds.

[0100] Modified derivative polymers are obtained by introducing other chemical groups or molecules into polylipoic acid to enhance or change its properties. Modification of the polylipoic acid end groups to generate other polymers with similar properties is possible. For example, polylipoic acid modified derivative polymers include any one of polylipoic acid-polyethylene glycol derivatives, polylipoic acid meglumine salts, and polylipoic acid choline salts.

[0101] As a feasible embodiment, the basic amino acid includes at least one of arginine, lysine, and histidine.

[0102] For example, the side chain of arginine contains a guanidine group, which is positively charged under physiological conditions. Arginine is often used to interact with negatively charged molecules.

[0103] The side chain of lysine consists of a long carbon chain terminating in an amino group (-NH2), which is usually positively charged at physiological pH. Lysine is often used to form ionic bonds with other negatively charged molecules or groups.

[0104] The side chain of histidine contains an imidazole ring, which can be partially protonated at physiological pH, so histidine can be positively charged under certain conditions.

[0105] It is understood that in addition to arginine, lysine and histidine, other basic amino acids can also be substituted.

[0106] As a feasible embodiment, the solid phase polymer includes polylipoic acid and arginine.

[0107] For example, polylipoic acid is a polymer containing sulfur that is flexible and chemically stable. Polylipoic acid can form a cross-linked network to provide basic structural support for the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200.

[0108] In addition, the temperature tolerance of polylipoic acid is lower than that of other polymers. When the temperature reaches a certain level, the polymer decomposes and absorbs heat to reduce the temperature of the battery 400.

[0109] Arginine is an amino acid with multiple functional groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Arginine can form salt bridge hydrogen bonds with polylipoic acid through its side chain. The presence of arginine can enhance the mechanical strength and elasticity of heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200, providing additional impact resistance.

[0110] Polylipoic acid and arginine clusters are dynamically cross-linked via salt-bridge hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonding between polylipoic acid and arginine is key to the design of this heat-absorbing, impact-resistant member 200. Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak chemical bonds, but when present in large quantities, they can significantly impact the overall performance of the heat-absorbing, impact-resistant member 200. These hydrogen bonds contribute to the material's reversibility and self-healing capabilities. When subjected to external impact, hydrogen bonds can break and reform, absorbing and dissipating energy.

[0111] The flexibility of polylipoic acid and the strengthening effect of arginine allow the heat-absorbing impact-resistant layer to remain soft under normal conditions while providing effective cushioning during impact. The dynamic nature of hydrogen bonding allows the heat-absorbing impact-resistant member 200 to quickly recover after an impact, improving the durability and service life of the heat-absorbing impact-resistant layer.

[0112] Illustratively, polylipoic acid and arginine can form a gel.

[0113] The apparent molecular weight of lipoic acid can reach 10 through the supramolecular network formed by dynamic disulfide bonds and hydrogen bond networks. 4 –10 6 Da (g / mol), arginine as a type of amino acid (except arginine, other basic amino acids can be used as dispersion media to distribute in the polylipoic acid network with secondary effects), is not polymerized here, but is dispersed in the supramolecular network of polylipoic acid.

[0114] As a feasible embodiment, the pKa value of the carboxyl group of the basic amino acid is smaller than the pKa value of the disulfide bond polymer.

[0115] For example, the pKa value is a measure of the acidity of a compound. Specifically, it indicates how easily a compound loses protons in an aqueous solution. A lower pKa value means the compound is more likely to lose protons, i.e., more acidic.

[0116] Arginine, as an amino acid, has a carboxyl group, which means that under neutral or physiological pH conditions, the carboxyl group of arginine is usually deprotonated and has a negative charge.

[0117] The negatively charged arginine carboxyl group can form hydrogen bonds or ion pairs with the protonated groups in polylipoic acid. This interaction can enhance the mechanical strength and stability of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component 200 .

[0118] The hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between the deprotonated carboxyl groups of arginine and the protonated groups of polylipoic acid can provide additional bonding force, thereby increasing the overall strength of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200. These interactions can provide effective energy absorption and dispersion when the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 is subjected to mechanical stress, thereby enhancing its impact resistance.

[0119] As a feasible embodiment, the basic amino acids are dispersed in the polymer network of the disulfide bond polymer in the form of molecular clusters.

[0120] For example, the polymer network of disulfide bond polymers provides strength and flexibility to the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200. The polymer network can be a cross-linked network composed of long-chain supramolecular molecules. The polymer network has good mechanical strength and elasticity.

[0121] Basic amino acids are small molecular clusters within a polymer network. These clusters can be dispersed in the polymer network by physical or chemical methods to form a composite material.

[0122] When subjected to an impact, the polylipoic acid polymer network provides impact resistance, while the presence of arginine in the form of molecular clusters significantly enhances the impact hardening properties of the impacted portion. When the heat-absorbing impact-resistant member 200 is impacted, the arginine, fully dispersed within the polymer network, rapidly transitions from a fluid state to a crystalline state, effectively dispersing and absorbing the impact energy and enhancing the impact resistance of the member 200. This property allows the member 200 to remain soft and flexible under normal conditions, yet become harder when subjected to an impact, providing effective protection.

[0123] As a feasible embodiment, the liquid phase includes an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is connected to the solid phase polymer through intermolecular forces, which include hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.

[0124] In some embodiments, the organic solvent includes an ionic liquid that is hydrogen bonded to the solid phase polymer.

[0125] For example, the liquid phase comprises a low-volatility solvent with a low boiling point, such as an ionic liquid. Compared to water, these solvents have a higher heat capacity, meaning they absorb more heat for every degree of temperature increase. Their low boiling point also allows them to absorb heat and volatilize at higher temperatures. Ionic liquids primarily provide the liquid phase with heat absorption without disrupting the crosslinking properties of the solid-phase polymer, ensuring that the solid-phase polymer possesses impact resistance.

[0126] For example, ionic liquids are liquids formed by ions and are typically liquid at room temperature. They have low volatility and high thermal stability. They can effectively absorb and dissipate heat.

[0127] The ionic liquid is connected to the solid polymer through hydrogen bonds. These forces ensure that the ionic liquid remains stable in the heat-absorbing and shock-resistant member 200 and is not easily lost when subjected to thermal or mechanical stress.

[0128] The heat absorption capability of the ionic liquid enables it to effectively absorb and disperse heat when the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 is subjected to thermal stress, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack.

[0129] By combining a solid polymer with an ionic liquid, the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 can provide thermal management while enhancing mechanical protection.

[0130] The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component 200 comprises a solid phase and a liquid phase. The solid phase comprises a polymer network and molecular clusters. Liquid phase molecules are locked within the molecular chains formed by the solid phase. When the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component 200 is squeezed or deformed by impact, the liquid phase components do not escape. Furthermore, the solid phase itself is viscous, adhering well to the inner surface of the package 100, eliminating the need for high sealing requirements. Consequently, the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component 200 offers simple packaging and no risk of leakage.

[0131] Another function of ionic liquids is to regulate the microphase separation structure and hydrogen bonding of the polylipoic acid and arginine polymer network.

[0132] As a feasible embodiment, the ionic liquid includes 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, ethylammonium nitrate, aluminate ionic liquid, and lactic acid-based ionic liquid.

[0133] For example, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole ([BMIM] + ) is a common imidazolium cation. Nitrate (NO3 - ) is an anion. Imidazolium ionic liquids generally have high thermal stability and are suitable for use under high temperature conditions.

[0134] Ethylammonium nitrate comprises an ethanolamine cation and a nitrate anion.

[0135] Aluminate ionic liquids include aluminate anions and organic cations.

[0136] Lactic acid-based ionic liquids include lactate anions and organic cations.

[0137] Among them, nitrate-containing ionic liquids, aluminate ionic liquids, and lactate-based ionic liquids, such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate and ethylammonium nitrate, have a characteristic that their decomposition temperatures are all below or near 200 degrees Celsius. This allows the ionic liquid to effectively absorb heat.

[0138] As a feasible implementation manner, there are multiple heat-absorbing and impact-resistant components 200 , and the multiple heat-absorbing and impact-resistant components 200 are sequentially arranged along the first direction.

[0139] For example, by providing multiple heat-absorbing and impact-resistant members 200, the total heat capacity of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant members 200 can be increased, thereby improving the heat absorption capacity of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant members 200. Each layer of heat-absorbing and impact-resistant members 200 can absorb and disperse part of the impact energy, thereby improving the overall impact resistance of the barrier structure 10.

[0140] By arranging the plurality of heat-absorbing and impact-resistant members 200 in a first direction, this arrangement ensures that the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant members 200 cover the entire extended area of ​​the barrier structure 10, providing comprehensive protection and thermal management. Figure 1 The direction indicated by X.

[0141] As a feasible implementation manner, the shape of the barrier structure includes a plate shape.

[0142] Among them, the shape of the barrier structure can also be arc-shaped, elliptical, etc. The specific shape can be customized according to the use scenario and the needs of the object to match it, so as to achieve better heat absorption and impact resistance effects to prevent the further spread and occurrence of accidents such as thermal runaway.

[0143] As a feasible implementation, the barrier structure further includes a plurality of limiting members 300 .

[0144] A limiting member 300 is provided between adjacent heat-absorbing and impact-resistant members 200 .

[0145] For example, the stoppers 300 provide physical spacing and support between adjacent heat-absorbing and impact-resistant components 200, preventing direct contact and friction between the layers. This helps maintain the overall structural integrity of the barrier structure 10. The stoppers 300 help secure the position of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant components 200, preventing them from shifting under external forces.

[0146] The limiting member 300 is used to ensure that the thickness of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 in the first direction after packaging is evenly distributed, to prevent the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 from flowing and gathering at the bottom due to gravity and extrusion, and to prevent the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 from breaking through the packaging member 100 and losing its impact resistance due to the extrusion force of the expanding battery 400.

[0147] As a feasible implementation, the extension length of the limiting member 300 along the first direction is A, and A satisfies: 0.8 mm ≤ A ≤ 1.2 mm.

[0148] The extension length of the limiting member 300 along the second direction is B, and B satisfies: 1.2mm≤B≤1.8mm; the first direction and the second direction intersect. Figure 1 The direction shown in Y.

[0149] For example, by limiting the extension length of the limiter 300 along the first direction to 0.8-1.2 mm, the limiter 300 is used to ensure uniform thickness distribution of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member, preventing the member from losing its impact resistance or flowing and gathering at the bottom due to gravity.

[0150] Illustratively, by limiting the extension length of the limiting member 300 along the second direction to 1.2-1.8 mm, the limiting member 300 provides additional support and restriction in the second direction to ensure the stability of the limiting member 300 in a multi-dimensional space.

[0151] In some embodiments, the width of the limiter 300 extending along the first direction is about 1 mm, the thickness of the limiter 300 extending along the second direction is 1.5 mm, and the length of the limiter 300 is consistent with the length of the package 100 .

[0152] Exemplarily, the limiting member 300 may be a limiting column or a limiting bar.

[0153] As a feasible implementation, the material of the limiting member 300 includes at least one of a polymer and a metal.

[0154] In some embodiments, the retaining member 300 is made of a polymer. Polymer materials are chemically inert and are not prone to chemical reactions with other materials. This makes them ideal for coexisting with the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200. Polymer materials are generally flexible and can absorb and relieve mechanical stress, thereby protecting the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200. For example, the retaining member 300 can be made of plastic.

[0155] In other embodiments, the material of the stopper 300 includes metal. Metal materials have mechanical strength and rigidity. Selecting a suitable metal, such as stainless steel or aluminum, can ensure its chemical stability in specific environments and avoid adverse reactions with the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200.

[0156] In yet other embodiments, the material of the stopper 300 is a composite material formed by a polymer and a metal. Polymer materials are generally lighter than metals, so using polymers in a composite material can significantly reduce the overall weight. Metal materials provide high strength and rigidity, enabling the composite material to withstand high mechanical stress. For example, the stopper 300 can be a metal-reinforced polymer composite material. A metal-reinforced polymer composite material is a material in which metal fibers, particles, or a mesh structure are added to a polymer matrix.

[0157] As an achievable embodiment, the material of the package 100 includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide. The package 100 may be a packaging layer.

[0158] In some embodiments, the material of the package 100 includes polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyethylene terephthalate has tensile strength and toughness, and can provide effective mechanical protection for the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component 200 in the receiving cavity.

[0159] In other embodiments, the material of the package 100 includes polyimide (PI). Polyimide can remain stable at extremely high temperatures, typically up to 400° C. Polyimide also has electrical insulation properties, providing electrical isolation between adjacent batteries 400 .

[0160] In some other embodiments, the material of the package 100 may be a composite material formed by polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide. For example, polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide may be combined together by blending or copolymerization to form the composite material.

[0161] Intermolecular forces can be tested using infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) provides information about molecular structure and chemical bonds by measuring the absorption of infrared light by molecules. A solid sample is ground into a fine powder, mixed with an inert material (such as potassium bromide, KBr), and pressed into a transparent, thin sheet. This method is called the KBr pellet method. Infrared spectrometers use an infrared light source to emit infrared light. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) uses an interferometer to modulate the infrared light. A detector measures the intensity of the infrared light absorbed by the sample.

[0162] Before measuring a sample, perform a background measurement to correct for ambient infrared absorption. Place the sample in the infrared light path and record the infrared spectrum of the sample's absorption. Analyze the absorption peaks in the infrared spectrum to identify the functional groups and chemical bonds present in the sample.

[0163] In summary, the barrier structure, battery pack, and electrical device provided in the embodiments of the present application have heat absorption and impact resistance functions, increasing the functional diversity of the barrier structure and meeting the need to block objects from collisions in extreme situations, thereby improving product performance and preventing further spread of accidents.

[0164] Positioning the barrier structure between adjacent cells provides heat absorption and impact resistance, increasing its functional versatility. The barrier structure effectively absorbs energy generated by thermal failure, reducing the impact of thermal runaway on adjacent cells. This energy-absorbing property helps reduce temperature peaks within the battery pack and prevent the spread of thermal runaway. The barrier structure reduces the risk of battery damage and improves the overall durability of the battery pack.

[0165] The following is a detailed description using embodiments as examples.

[0166] Example 1: Heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 includes polylipoic acid, arginine, and an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole nitrate. The mass of polylipoic acid is 50 g. The mass of arginine is 41 g. The volume of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole nitrate is 25 g. The pKa of the carboxylic acid group of arginine is 1.8, and the pKa of the carboxylic acid group of polylipoic acid is 4.7.

[0167] Comparative Example 1: Heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 includes polylipoic acid and an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate. The mass of polylipoic acid is 50 g, and the volume of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate is 25 g. The carboxylic acid group of polylipoic acid has a pKa of 4.7.

[0168] Comparative Example 2: Heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 includes arginine and an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate. The mass of arginine is 41 g, and the volume of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate is 25 g. The pKa of the carboxylic acid group of arginine is 1.8.

[0169] Comparative Example 3: The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 includes polylipoic acid and arginine, wherein the mass of the polylipoic acid is 50 g and the mass of the arginine is 41 g.

[0170] Comparative Example 4: The heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 includes water, and the mass of the water is 25 g.

[0171] Test example:

[0172] Thermogravimetric analysis: Place the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 on a scale and heat it. As the temperature rises, the mass of the member 200 changes. The starting temperature at which this mass change occurs is recorded as the initial decomposition temperature. This temperature is used to measure the member's temperature resistance.

[0173] Rheological Analysis: The rheological properties of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 were analyzed using a rheometer. The impact strength of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 at 0.1 Hz and 100 Hz was recorded. The ratio of the impact strength of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant member 200 at 100 Hz to the impact strength at 0.1 Hz was recorded as the high-frequency impact strength improvement factor. Table 1 lists the impact strength of various examples and comparative examples at 100 Hz. Due to the lower impact strength of the examples and comparative examples at 0.1 Hz, they are not listed here.

[0174] Heat capacity analysis: The volume heat capacity of the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component 200 is obtained using a differential scanning calorimeter.

[0175] Table 1 Temperature resistance, high-frequency impact strength improvement, impact strength at 100 Hz, and comprehensive volume heat capacity parameters of the embodiment and comparative example

[0176]

[0177] By comparing the comparative examples and the embodiments, it can be concluded that comparative examples 1 and 2 do not have impact resistance.

[0178] In Comparative Example 3, the heat-absorbing, impact-resistant member 200 composed of lipoic acid and arginine exhibited an impact strength 2500 times greater at a high frequency of 100 Hz than at a low frequency of 0.1 Hz. Although polylipoic acid undergoes a phase transition at 100°C, absorbing significant heat, its high decomposition temperature does not effectively prevent thermal diffusion from the battery. In contrast, the addition of an ionic liquid in Example 1 effectively absorbs the heat generated by the battery due to its lower decomposition temperature, keeping the battery temperature below 200°C (typically, the temperature of a battery caused by thermal diffusion is above 230°C). Furthermore, the heat-absorbing, impact-resistant member 200 in Example 1 maintains a certain degree of impact resistance.

[0179] In Comparative Example 4, water has a higher specific heat capacity of 4.7 J / g·℃, which can better absorb the heat generated by the battery cell and can decompose at 100℃ to further absorb heat. However, water is a fluid, has no fixed shape, and has no impact resistance. In Example 1, the ionic liquid and the polylipoic acid and arginine structure have a volume heat capacity of 2.05 J / (cm 3 ·°C), which is lower than the amount of heat that the same volume of water can absorb, yet still possesses excellent heat absorption capacity. The lipoic acid structure can absorb heat and liquefy at 120°C, further absorbing a significant amount of heat. Therefore, Example 1 exhibits superior heat absorption and impact resistance to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Furthermore, Example 1 possesses excellent impact resistance. Therefore, the barrier structure provided by the embodiments of the present application possesses both heat absorption and impact resistance, increasing its functional versatility and meeting the need to block objects from collisions in extreme situations, thereby improving product performance and preventing further spread of accidents.

[0180] Finally, it should be noted that those skilled in the art will readily identify other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The present invention is not limited to the precise structure described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and variations may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited solely by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A barrier structure, characterized in that: include: A packaging member (100) is formed with a receiving cavity; A heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component (200) is located in the accommodating cavity, wherein the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component (200) comprises a solid-phase polymer and a liquid phase; the heat-absorbing and impact-resistant component (200) has heat-absorbing and impact-resistant functions.

2. The barrier structure according to claim 1, wherein: The solid phase polymer and the liquid phase are connected by intermolecular forces.

3. The barrier structure according to claim 1, wherein: The solid phase polymer includes a disulfide bond polymer and a basic amino acid.

4. The barrier structure according to claim 3, wherein: The disulfide bond polymer includes at least one of polylipoic acid and a polylipoic acid modified derivative polymer.

5. The barrier structure according to claim 3, wherein: The basic amino acid includes at least one of arginine, lysine, and histidine.

6. The barrier structure according to claim 3, wherein: The pKa value of the carboxyl group of the basic amino acid is smaller than the pKa value of the disulfide bond polymer.

7. The barrier structure according to claim 3, wherein: The basic amino acids are dispersed in the polymer network of the disulfide bond polymer in the form of molecular clusters.

8. The barrier structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The liquid phase includes an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is connected to the solid phase polymer through intermolecular forces.

9. The barrier structure according to claim 8, wherein: The organic solvent includes an ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid is connected to the solid phase polymer through hydrogen bonds.

10. The barrier structure according to claim 9, wherein: The ionic liquid includes at least one of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, ethylammonium nitrate, aluminate ionic liquid, and lactic acid ionic liquid.

11. The barrier structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: There are a plurality of heat-absorbing and impact-resistant components (200), and the plurality of heat-absorbing and impact-resistant components (200) are arranged in sequence along a first direction.

12. The barrier structure according to claim 11, wherein: Also includes a plurality of limiting members (300); The limiting member (300) is provided between adjacent heat-absorbing and impact-resistant members (200).

13. The barrier structure according to claim 12, wherein: The extension length of the limiting member (300) along the first direction is A, and A satisfies: 0.8 mm ≤ A ≤ 1.2 mm; And / or, the extension length of the limiting member (300) along the second direction is B, and B satisfies: 1.2 mm ≤ B ≤ 1.8 mm; and the first direction and the second direction intersect.

14. The barrier structure according to claim 12, wherein: The material of the limiting member (300) includes at least one of polymer and metal.

15. The barrier structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The material of the package (100) includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide.

16. The barrier structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The shape of the barrier structure includes a plate shape.

17. A battery pack, characterized in that: The battery pack comprises a housing, a battery (400) and a barrier structure according to any one of claims 1 to 16; The housing has a cavity, and the battery (400) and the barrier structure are both located in the cavity.

18. The battery pack according to claim 17, characterized in that: There are a plurality of batteries (400), and the plurality of batteries (400) are arranged in sequence along the second direction, with the barrier structure being provided between adjacent batteries (400).

19. The battery pack according to claim 17, wherein: The barrier structure is wrapped around the outer periphery of the battery (400).

20. An electrical device, characterized in that: Including the battery pack according to claim 17.

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