Self-adaptive tail end quenching device and heat exchange coefficient calculation and hardenability determination method

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive tail end quenching device and a heat exchange coefficient calculation and hardenability determination method. The self-adaptive tail end quenching device comprises an integrated automatic control system, a spray adjusting device, an end quenching sample assembly and a temperature acquisition device, the pneumatic clamping device triggers the baffle to be opened while achieving grasping of the end quenching sample assembly, and synchronous control over spraying starting and stopping of the spraying adjusting device and fixing and loosening of clamping of the end quenching sample assembly is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field related to metal heat treatment, and in particular relates to an adaptive terminal quenching device and a heat transfer coefficient calculation and hardenability measurement method. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] End quenching technology is a method used to evaluate the hardenability of metals, and has been expanded from its initial application in steel to aluminum alloys. This technology not only helps to explore the effects of different quenching media on the hardenability of aluminum alloys, but also deeply reveals the evolution of microstructure during the quenching process, providing an important reference for optimizing the online quenching process and improving the performance of aluminum alloys. In addition, combining the end quenching cooling curve with the back heat transfer analysis can accurately solve the convective heat transfer coefficient, thereby providing accurate boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of online quenching of aluminum alloy extruded profiles. Therefore, a reasonably designed end quenching device is crucial for studying the hardenability of aluminum alloys under different conditions and accurately obtaining the convective heat transfer coefficient. At present, the following problems still exist in the research and development of end quenching devices, the calculation method of the convective heat transfer coefficient, and the determination of hardenability: (1) The quenching transfer time is long.

[0004] The existing device has delays in the sample transfer and positioning process, mainly due to the lack of a quick clamping mechanism, the untimely start of the quenching operation, and the lack of linkage between the clamping and the opening of the quenching baffle. As a result, the series of actions from taking out of the furnace to quenching are slow, which in turn prolongs the air cooling time and affects the quenching effect and efficiency.

[0005] (2) The thermal insulation effect of the end-quenched specimen is poor.

[0006] In the end-quenching process, the ideal heat transfer mode should be one-dimensional linear transfer. However, problems such as insufficient insulation measures and leakage of quenching medium in existing devices lead to heat transfer on the side of the sample, causing distortion of temperature-time data, which in turn affects the accuracy of convective heat transfer coefficient and hardenability analysis.

[0007] (3) The quenching cooling method is single and has poor flexibility.

[0008] In-line quenching of aluminum alloy extruded profiles typically utilizes a variety of cooling devices, including water spray, mist, and air jet, to select the most appropriate quenching method based on the profile's wall thickness, shape, and outlet temperature. However, existing end-of-line quenching systems often utilize a single quenching method, making it difficult to flexibly adapt to actual quenching needs.

[0009] (4) Spraying parameters are difficult to control.

[0010] Existing end-quenching devices often lack precise adjustment of spray flow and spray distance, which is crucial for calculating the convective heat transfer coefficient, clarifying the hardenability of aluminum alloys, and determining the optimal cooling and quenching rate. It is the key to achieving ideal quenching effects and optimizing the online quenching process. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an adaptive end-quenching device and a method for calculating the heat transfer coefficient and measuring hardenability, which solves the problems existing in the end-quenching process, such as long quenching transfer time, poor thermal insulation effect, single quenching cooling method and difficult control of spray parameters.

[0012] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an adaptive end quenching device, comprising: an integrated automatic control system, a spray adjustment device, an end quenching sample assembly, and a temperature acquisition device; The integrated automatic control system includes an automatic centering device and a linked quenching baffle device; the automatic centering device includes a base and a pneumatic clamping device; the linked quenching baffle device is located below the base; the end quenching specimen assembly is located above the base; the linked quenching baffle device includes a baffle, which, when in a closed state, is used to isolate the spray adjustment device from spraying the end quenching specimen assembly; The spray adjustment device is located below the linkage quenching pneumatic baffle device and is used for spraying different quenching media; The pneumatic clamping device triggers the opening of the baffle while grasping the end-quenching sample assembly, thereby achieving the clamping and synchronous quenching of the end-quenching sample assembly; The temperature acquisition device is used to detect the temperature changes of each temperature measuring point of the end quenching sample in real time during the end quenching process.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for calculating a heat transfer coefficient, using the above-mentioned adaptive end quenching device, comprising: Obtain temperature-time data during end quenching; Create a geometric model of the end-quenched specimen and perform meshing on the geometric model; The temperature-time data during the end quenching process is used as the heat transfer boundary condition of the geometric model, and the end quenching process simulation is performed with the preset initial convection heat transfer coefficient as the starting point; The temperature-time data obtained by simulation is continuously optimized to make the temperature-time data obtained by simulation consistent with the data obtained by experimental test, and the convection heat transfer coefficient of the terminal quenching process is obtained.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for determining hardenability, using the above-mentioned adaptive end quenching device, comprising: The end-quenched specimens after quenching are subjected to artificial aging treatment; The aged specimens were divided by wire cutting, and the end-quenched specimens were cut along a direction parallel to the cutting surface. Grind and polish the cut surface to ensure that the end-quenched specimen meets the surface finish required for hardness testing; Use a fully automatic micro-Vickers hardness tester to perform hardness point testing on the end-quenched specimen and record the hardness value of each point in real time; Based on each point and its corresponding hardness value, a relationship curve between the hardness value and the end quenching distance is drawn, and the depth of the hardened layer is determined according to the relationship curve between the hardness value and the end quenching distance.

[0015] One or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides an adaptive end-quenching device. A pneumatic clamping mechanism simultaneously triggers the opening of a baffle while gripping the end-quenching specimen assembly. This allows for simultaneous control of the spray control mechanism's spray start and stop, as well as the securing and release of the end-quenching specimen assembly. This design significantly improves operational efficiency, ensuring that the specimen's residence time in air is significantly shortened throughout the quenching process, thereby reducing heat loss and improving quenching efficiency.

[0016] The present invention provides an adaptive end quenching device, which can realize a variety of quenching cooling methods such as spraying, water spraying, air jet and other quenching media by replacing the quenching medium and nozzle in the spray adjustment device, as well as flexible regulation of various spray parameters such as spray distance, spray angle and spray flow, thereby adapting to the diverse end quenching process requirements.

[0017] The present invention provides an adaptive end quenching device that can adapt to the end quenching requirements of samples of various diameters and lengths simply by adjusting the height of the upper sleeve and the diameter of the matching hole of the lower sleeve. The entire process does not require replacing any equipment or changing other structural designs, thereby achieving a high degree of integration of the quenching device and convenient operability of the quenching process.

[0018] The present invention provides an adaptive end-quenching device that successfully reduces the effects of lateral heat conduction by insulating the top and sides of the end-quenched specimen and employing an interference fit at the specimen end. This allows the end-quenching process to be approximately modeled as a one-dimensional heat transfer problem. This end-quenching method can accurately obtain convective heat transfer coefficients, providing reliable heat transfer boundary conditions for numerical simulations of end-quenching and profile quenching processes for aluminum alloys and other alloys, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results.

[0019] The heat transfer coefficient calculation method and hardenability determination method provided by the present invention can effectively evaluate the influence of different spray parameters on the hardenability of aluminum alloys and other alloys. By testing and analyzing the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples after quenching, the organizational evolution of aluminum alloys and other alloys during rapid cooling is deeply explored, thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing the heat treatment process and improving the mechanical properties of the materials. At the same time, it helps to determine key process parameters such as the optimal quenching cooling rate and quenching medium.

[0020] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an adaptive end quenching device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an automatic centering device for an adaptive end quenching device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a closed state of a linked quenching baffle device of an adaptive end quenching device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a pneumatic guide rail of an adaptive end quenching device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an open state of a linked quenching baffle device of an adaptive end quenching device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of a spray adjustment device of an adaptive terminal quenching device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of an end quenching specimen assembly of an adaptive end quenching device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an overall device for end quenching during an experimental process in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is the inverse heat transfer solution process and numerical simulation process of the terminal quenching process in an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1. End quenching specimen assembly; 2. Housing; 3. Cover; 4. Transparent door; 5. Baffle; 6. Air inlet pipe; 7. Liquid inlet pipe; 8. Liquid outlet pipe; 9. Intelligent control valve; 10. Base; 11. Universal wheel; 12. Guide rail; 13. First slider; 14. First locking knob; 15. L-shaped angle bracket; 16. First cylinder; 17. First air inlet and outlet; 18. Second air inlet and outlet; 19. First air claw; 20. Second air gripper; 21. First curved gripper; 22. Second curved gripper; 23. Second slider; 24. Second locking knob; 25. Bottom bracket; 26. Third slider; 27. Third locking knob; 28. U-shaped angle bracket; 29. ​​Atomizing nozzle; 30. First baffle; 31. Second baffle; 32. First baffle splicer; 33. Second baffle splicer; 34. Left end of pneumatic guide rail; 35. Right end of pneumatic guide rail; 36. Piston rod; 3 7. Guide rail mounting hole; 38. Air inlet and outlet holes; 39. Second air cylinder; 40. Spray outlet; 41. Air line buckle; 42. Liquid line buckle; 43. Submersible pump; 44. End quenching specimen; 45. First temperature measuring hole; 46. Second temperature measuring hole; 47. Third temperature measuring hole; 48. Insulation cotton; 49. Aluminum foil; 50. End quenching specimen step; 51. Upper sleeve; 52. Lower sleeve; 53. Matching hole; 54. Die; 55. Punch; 56. 6. Thermocouple connecting wire outlet; 57. Plug; 58. External thread; 59. Internal thread; 60. Plug cavity; 61. Hose clamp; 62. First aluminum profile frame with scale; 63. Second aluminum profile frame; 64. Third aluminum profile frame; 65. Air inlet interface; 66. Liquid inlet interface; 67. Fourth temperature measuring hole; 68. Screw; 69. Air pipe clamp; 70. Liquid pipe clamp; 71. Fourth aluminum profile frame; 72. Fifth aluminum profile frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms used herein are for describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0025] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof may be combined with each other.

[0026] Example 1 This embodiment discloses an adaptive end quenching device, comprising: an integrated automatic control system, a spray adjustment device, an end quenching sample assembly 1 and a temperature acquisition device.

[0027] The integrated automatic control system includes: an automatic centering device and a linked quenching baffle device; wherein, the automatic centering device includes: a base 25 and a pneumatic clamping device; the pneumatic clamping device includes an L-shaped angle code 15, a first cylinder 16, a first air claw 19, a second air claw 20, a first arc-shaped clamping jaw 21, and a second arc-shaped clamping jaw 22; the linked quenching pneumatic baffle device is located below the base 25, and the linked quenching pneumatic baffle device includes: a baffle 5, a first partition 30, a second partition 31, a first partition splicer 32, a second partition splicer 33, a piston rod 36, and a second cylinder 39.

[0028] The spray adjustment device is located below the linked quenching pneumatic baffle device and includes: a spray distance adjustment device, a spray angle adjustment device, a spray medium / flow adjustment device and a liquid circulation system; wherein the spray distance adjustment device includes: a first aluminum profile frame with scale 62, a guide rail 12, a first slider 13, a first locking knob 14, a second slider 23, a second locking knob 24, a third slider 26, and a third locking knob 27; the spray angle adjustment device includes: a U-shaped angle bracket 28, a screw 68, and an atomizing nozzle 29; the spray medium / flow adjustment device includes: an air intake system , liquid inlet system and liquid circulation system; wherein, the air inlet system includes an air compressor, an air tank, a ball valve, a rotor flowmeter, a pressure gauge, a filter, a second aluminum profile rack 63, an air inlet pipeline 6, an air circuit buckle 41, a fourth aluminum profile rack 71, an air circuit pipe clamp 69, and an air inlet end interface 65; the liquid inlet system includes a liquid storage tank, a water pump, a ball valve, a rotor flowmeter, a pressure gauge, a third aluminum profile rack 64, a liquid inlet pipeline 7, a liquid circuit buckle 42, a fifth aluminum profile rack 72, a liquid circuit pipe clamp 70, and a liquid inlet end interface 66; the liquid circulation system includes a submersible pump 43, a liquid outlet pipeline 8, and a liquid storage tank.

[0029] The end quenching sample assembly 1 is placed on the bottom support 25 , and the end quenching sample assembly 1 includes: an end quenching sample 44 , thermal insulation cotton 48 , aluminum foil 49 , an upper sleeve 51 , a lower sleeve 52 , a plug 57 , and a throat clamp 61 .

[0030] The temperature acquisition device includes a thermocouple, a high-speed temperature measuring instrument, and temperature acquisition software.

[0031] In this embodiment, the base 25 is used to place the end-quenching sample assembly 1. The pneumatic clamping device is coaxial with the base 25 and the atomizing nozzle 29. While realizing the gripping and releasing operations of the end-quenching sample assembly 1, it can also achieve adaptive and precise alignment of the end-quenching sample assembly 1 and the atomizing nozzle 29. At the same time, when the pneumatic clamping device is closed, the linked quenching pneumatic baffle device is triggered to open, thereby realizing rapid clamping and synchronous quenching of the end-quenching sample assembly 1, so as to ensure the adaptive operation of the entire end quenching device.

[0032] like Figure 2As shown, the interior of the base 25 is inclined inward from top to bottom. The inner diameter of the top of the base 25 is 2 mm different from the outer diameter of the end-quenched specimen assembly 1, and the inner diameter of the bottom of the base 25 is 1 mm larger than the outer diameter of the end-quenched specimen assembly 1. This size design ensures that the center of the end-quenched specimen assembly 1 is coaxial with the center of the base 25 to facilitate adaptive installation.

[0033] A hole is centrally located at the bottom of the base 25, larger than the diameter of the end-quenched specimen 44, allowing the end of the end-quenched specimen assembly 1 to be exposed after placement. The base 25 is secured to the second slider 23 via screws, which in turn are secured to the guide rail 12 via a second locking knob 24. The guide rail 12 is also secured to the first scaled aluminum profile frame 62 via screws.

[0034] In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the end-quenching specimen assembly 1 matches the inner diameter of the first curved jaw 21 and the second curved jaw 22. The first curved jaw 21 and the second curved jaw 22 are respectively fixed to the first air gripper 19 and the second air gripper 20 by screws. The first air gripper 19 and the second air gripper 20 are also fixed to the first cylinder 16 by screws. The first cylinder 16 is used to tighten and loosen the end-quenching specimen assembly 1. The first inlet and outlet ports 17 and the second inlet and outlet ports 18 of the first cylinder 16 and the intelligent control valve 9 are all connected to the air compressor. The first cylinder 16 is fixed to the L-shaped angle bracket 15 by screws. The L-shaped angle bracket 15 is fixed to the first slider 13 by screws. The first slider 13 is fixed to the guide rail 12 by the first locking knob 14.

[0035] In this embodiment, the atomizing nozzle 29 is connected to the U-shaped angle bracket 28 through a screw 68, and the spraying angle is controlled by adjusting the screw 68 and combining with the angle scale; the U-shaped angle bracket 28 is fixed to the third slider 26 by a screw, and the third slider 26 is fixed to the guide rail 12 by the third locking knob 27.

[0036] In this embodiment, the spray distance is controlled by adjusting the first locking knob 14 , the second locking knob 24 and the third locking knob 27 on the guide rail 12 in combination with the scale on the first scaled aluminum profile frame 62 .

[0037] During the entire end quenching process, the center of the base 25, the centers of the first and second arc-shaped jaws 21 and 22, the central axis of the end quenching specimen assembly 1 and the center of the atomizing nozzle 29 are always on the same axis through adaptive adjustment.

[0038] like Figure 3As shown, the first scaled aluminum profile frame 62 and the guide rail 12 pass through the guide rail mounting hole 37. The horizontal position of the first partition 30 and the second partition 31 is between the base 25 and the atomizing nozzle 29. The first partition 30 and the second partition 31 are spliced ​​together by the first partition splicer 32 and the second partition splicer 33, and work together with the baffle 5 to effectively isolate the water mist. In the middle position where the first partition 30 and the second partition 31 are spliced, a pneumatic guide rail is fixed between the two plates with screws. The left end 34 of the pneumatic guide rail is fixed to the first partition 30, and the right end 35 of the pneumatic guide rail is fixed to the second partition 31. The baffle 5 is fixed to the second cylinder 39 with screws. The air inlet and outlet 38 are connected to the first and second air inlet and outlet 17, 18, and intelligent control valve 9 of the first cylinder 16 through the air pipe, and are connected to the air compressor together. By controlling the intelligent control valve 9, the second cylinder 39 can move left and right along the piston rod 36.

[0039] exist Figure 4 The position shown in FIG. 1 is that the second cylinder 39 is located at the right end 35 of the pneumatic guide rail, corresponding to Figure 3 The baffle 5 is in a closed state, and the first arc-shaped clamping jaw 21 and the second arc-shaped clamping jaw 22 are in a released state.

[0040] In this embodiment, when the end-quenched sample assembly 1 is placed on the bottom support 25, the intelligent control valve 9 is stepped on, not only the baffle 5 is opened, but also the first arc-shaped clamping jaw 21 and the second arc-shaped clamping jaw 22 also synchronously perform the action of grasping the end-quenched sample assembly 1. Figure 5 As shown, during this process, the second cylinder 39 moves along the piston rod 36 to the left end 34 of the pneumatic guide rail, so that the baffle 5 is in an open state and the spray outlet 40 is also in an open state, ready for the spraying operation.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, the front end of the air inlet pipe 6 in the spray medium / flow regulating device adopts an air circuit clip 41 and is fixed to the second aluminum profile frame 63 by screws, and the middle end of the air inlet pipe 6 adopts an air circuit clamp 69 and is fixed to the fourth aluminum profile frame 71 by screws; the front end of the liquid inlet pipe 7 adopts a liquid circuit clip 42 and is fixed to the third aluminum profile frame 64 by screws, and the middle end of the liquid inlet pipe 7 adopts a liquid circuit clamp 70 and is fixed to the fifth aluminum profile frame 72 by screws; the end of the air inlet pipe 6 is connected to the air inlet end interface 65 of the atomizing nozzle 29, and the end of the liquid inlet pipe 7 is connected to the liquid inlet end interface 66 of the atomizing nozzle 29.

[0042] In this embodiment, the submersible pump 43 is connected to the liquid outlet pipe 8 and communicated with the liquid storage tank. During the experiment or after the experiment is completed, the liquid quenching medium generated in the spraying process is effectively extracted by the operation of the submersible pump 43, thereby realizing the recycling of the liquid quenching medium.

[0043] like Figure 8 As shown, the pipeline where the gas inlet end of the atomizing nozzle 29 is located is connected in sequence to a filter, a pressure gauge, a gas rotor flowmeter, a ball valve, a gas tank and an air compressor; the pipeline where the liquid inlet end of the atomizing nozzle 29 is located is connected in sequence to a pressure gauge, a liquid rotor flowmeter, a ball valve, a water pump and a liquid storage tank, which together constitute a spraying system.

[0044] In this embodiment, the spray regulating device has flexible adaptability to the quenching medium and can replace air with other gases such as nitrogen, or replace water with other liquids, thereby enabling the spraying of different quenching media such as gas, liquid and water mist.

[0045] like Figure 7 As shown, the end-quenched specimen 44 is equipped with four dedicated temperature measuring holes, namely a first temperature measuring hole 45, a second temperature measuring hole 46, a third temperature measuring hole 47 and a fourth temperature measuring hole 67. These holes are intended to install the temperature measuring ends of thermocouples for accurate temperature monitoring.

[0046] In this embodiment, the non-stepped portion of the end quenching specimen 44 is sequentially wrapped with thermal insulation cotton 48 and aluminum foil 49. The thermal insulation cotton 48 performs a heat preservation function, and the aluminum foil 49 is used to tightly encapsulate the asbestos 48.

[0047] In this embodiment, an interference fit is employed between the end-quenching specimen step 50 and the mating hole 53 of the lower sleeve 52. This allows heat to be exchanged only at the end of the end-quenching specimen 44. Furthermore, a thermocouple wire outlet 56 is provided in the upper sleeve 51 to facilitate smooth passage of the thermocouple wires.

[0048] In this embodiment, the female die 54 of the upper sleeve 51 and the male die 55 of the lower sleeve 52 fit tightly together. The external threads 58 of the plug 57 are connected to the internal threads 59 on the upper portion of the upper sleeve 51. The bottom end of the plug 57 is in close contact with the top of the end-quenched specimen 44. The plug 57 is provided with a plug cavity 60. The special design of the plug cavity 60 is intended to reduce the overall weight of the end-quenched specimen assembly 1.

[0049] In this embodiment, the throat clamp 61 effectively further fixes the upper sleeve 51 and the lower sleeve 52 at the fitting position to enhance the stability of the entire assembly and ensure that the fitting position will not become loose.

[0050] Example 2 This embodiment proposes a heat transfer coefficient calculation method to calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient during the terminal quenching process, specifically: (1) The temperature measuring ends of the thermocouples are inserted into the first temperature measuring holes 45, the second temperature measuring holes 46, the third temperature measuring holes 47 and the fourth temperature measuring holes 67 pre-drilled in the end quenching specimen 44; (2) Wrap the end-quenched sample 44 tightly with insulation cotton 48 and ensure that the end-quenched sample step 50 is exposed, and then wrap the end-quenched sample 44 tightly with aluminum foil 49 to ensure that the rest of the end-quenched sample 44 except the end has a good thermal insulation effect; (3) An interference fit design is adopted between the end quenching sample step 50 and the matching hole 53 of the lower sleeve 52. The height of the end quenching sample step 50 is consistent with the depth of the matching hole 53 of the lower sleeve 52, so that the end plane of the end quenching sample 44 is flush with the bottom surface of the lower sleeve 52. This design ensures that during the spray quenching process, the quenching medium only exchanges heat at the end of the end quenching sample 44, while the rest of the end quenching sample 44 maintains good thermal isolation, ensuring that an approximately one-dimensional heat transfer mode is achieved during the quenching cooling process; (4) The thermocouple connecting wire is led out from bottom to top along the thermocouple connecting wire outlet 56 reserved in the upper sleeve 51, and is connected to the high-speed temperature measuring instrument and then to the computer; (5) The die 54 of the upper sleeve 51 and the punch 55 of the lower sleeve 52 fit tightly together, and the external thread 58 of the plug 57 is connected to the internal thread 59 of the upper sleeve 51, ensuring that the bottom end of the plug 57 is in close contact with the top of the end quenching specimen 44; (6) The upper sleeve 51 and the lower sleeve 52 are further fixed at the fitting position by the throat clamp 61 to enhance the stability of the entire assembly and avoid any form of loosening; (7) After the muffle furnace is set to the solution temperature and kept warm for a period of time, the end-quenched sample assembly 1 is placed steadily in the muffle furnace for solution treatment; (8) When all the temperature measuring points of the end quenching specimen 44 have reached the solution temperature and have been kept warm for one hour, start the water pump and the air compressor, and set the required liquid flow and gas flow by adjusting the liquid float flowmeter and the gas float flowmeter. At the same time, the current pressure value can be read with the help of the pressure gauge. During this operation, the baffle is in the closed state; (9) After the nozzle atomization effect reaches a stable state, gently open the furnace door and steadily place the end quenching sample assembly 1 on the bottom support 25 within 3 seconds; (10) Within 3 seconds, the intelligent control valve 9 is pressed, and three actions are performed simultaneously: first, the baffle 5 is opened, second, water mist is sprayed to the end of the end quenching specimen 44, and third, the first arc-shaped clamping jaw 21 and the second arc-shaped clamping jaw 22 grasp the end quenching specimen assembly 1. At this time, the high-speed temperature measuring instrument starts to record the temperature-time data of each temperature measuring point during the cooling process of the end quenching specimen 44; (11) Close the transparent door 4 of the device to prevent water mist from splashing out and observe the end quenching process in real time; (12) Observe the temperature-time data of each temperature measuring point. When the temperature of the fourth temperature measuring hole 67 approaches room temperature, operate the computer to pause the temperature acquisition system and store the data. (13) Close the ball valves of the gas system and the liquid system to stop the spraying operation; (14) Depress the intelligent control valve 9 to release the first arc-shaped clamp 21 and the second arc-shaped clamp 22, and gently remove the end-quenching sample assembly 1 using the sample fixture.

[0051] (15) Based on the inverse heat transfer module in DEFORM software, a geometric model of the end-quenched specimen is created and meshed. Then, the thermal properties of the aluminum alloy, such as thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat, are imported into the software. After setting the initial temperature of the specimen, i.e., the solution temperature, the quenching medium temperature, and the coordinates of the temperature measurement points, the temperature-time data during the end-quenching process are input as boundary conditions into the constructed mathematical model, and parameters such as the interpolation algorithm and the optimization interval are set. Starting from the preset initial convective heat transfer coefficient, the inverse heat transfer module of DEFORM software will start the simulation operation of the end-quenching process, and use the iterative algorithm to perform inverse operation on the model. During the operation, the assumed value of the convective heat transfer coefficient is continuously changed until the temperature field distribution inside the end-quenched specimen calculated by the model is highly consistent with the temperature-time data of each temperature measurement point obtained by actual measurement. At this time, the corresponding convective heat transfer coefficient is the target convective heat transfer coefficient. By comparing the degree of fit between the simulated and measured temperature-time curves, the accuracy of the obtained convective heat transfer coefficient can be evaluated.

[0052] Furthermore, if there is a significant difference between the two, the simulation parameters need to be readjusted and the calculation performed again until the cooling curve obtained by simulation is highly consistent with the actual measurement results, so that the convective heat transfer coefficient during the end quenching process can be determined and output.

[0053] Furthermore, ANSYS software was used to perform a numerical simulation of the end quenching process. First, the geometric model of the end quenching specimen was constructed and meshed, and the initial temperature of the end quenching specimen and the temperature of the quenching medium were set. The convective heat transfer coefficient calculated by the DEFORM reverse heat transfer module was imported into the thermal boundary conditions. In addition, the thermal physical parameters such as the thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat of the aluminum alloy were imported into the software. After completing the settings of the simulation time, time step, and iteration method, the calculation was started. After the calculation was completed, the temperature field distribution of the end quenching specimen during the cooling process was obtained, and further detailed data on the temperature change of each point in the end quenching specimen over time was obtained.

[0054] Example 3 The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a method for measuring hardenability as follows: (1) After quenching, remove the end-quenched specimen and perform artificial aging treatment; (2) The aged specimens were symmetrically divided along the central axis by wire cutting, half of which was used for hardenability analysis, and the other half was retained for subsequent microstructure research; (3) Cut half of the sample further in a direction parallel to the cutting surface; (4) Grind and polish the cutting surface where the central axis is located to ensure that it meets the surface finish required for hardness testing; (5) Using a fully automatic micro-Vickers hardness tester, starting from the end of the central axis, set an appropriate dot interval, automatically perform hardness dot tests in sequence and record the hardness value of each point in real time; (6) Based on the collected hardness values ​​from the end to the top on the central axis, a curve of the relationship between the hardness value and the end quenching distance is drawn; (7) The depth of the hardened layer is determined by selecting a measurement point where the hardness value reaches 90% of the maximum hardness and measuring the vertical distance between this point and the end quenching surface.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with this embodiment can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0056] Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without any creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive end quenching device, characterized in that: include: Integrated automatic control system, spray adjustment device, end quenching specimen assembly and temperature acquisition device; The integrated automatic control system includes an automatic centering device and a linked quenching baffle device; the automatic centering device includes a base and a pneumatic clamping device; the linked quenching baffle device is located below the base; the end quenching specimen assembly is located above the base; the linked quenching baffle device includes a baffle, which, when in a closed state, is used to isolate the spray adjustment device from spraying the end quenching specimen assembly; The spray adjustment device is located below the linkage quenching pneumatic baffle device and is used for spraying different quenching media; The pneumatic clamping device triggers the opening of the baffle while grasping the end-quenching sample assembly, thereby achieving the clamping and synchronous quenching of the end-quenching sample assembly; The temperature acquisition device is used to detect the temperature changes of each temperature measuring point of the end quenching sample in real time during the end quenching process.

2. The adaptive end quenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic clamping device includes a first cylinder, a first arc-shaped clamping jaw, and a second arc-shaped clamping jaw; The outer diameter of the end-quenching specimen assembly matches the inner diameters of the first arc-shaped clamping jaw and the second arc-shaped clamping jaw; The first cylinder is controlled by an intelligent control valve, thereby controlling the first arc-shaped clamping jaw and the second arc-shaped clamping jaw to achieve the tightening and loosening of the end-quenching specimen assembly.

3. The adaptive end quenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray regulating device comprises a spray distance regulating device, a spray angle regulating device, a spray medium / flow regulating device and a liquid circulation system.

4. The adaptive end quenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray angle adjustment device includes an atomizing nozzle, which can move along a guide rail fixed to a first aluminum profile frame with a scale, and the spray angle of the atomizing nozzle can be adjusted by the angle scale of the first aluminum profile frame with a scale; The center of the base, the centers of the first arc-shaped clamping jaw and the second arc-shaped clamping jaw, the central axis of the end-quenching sample assembly and the center of the atomizing nozzle are always on the same axis.

5. The adaptive end quenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linked quenching pneumatic baffle device also includes a second cylinder and a pneumatic guide rail; the second cylinder is controlled to move along the pneumatic guide rail by an intelligent control valve to realize the opening and closing of the baffle.

6. The adaptive end quenching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pipeline where the gas inlet end of the atomizing nozzle is located is connected in sequence to a filter, a pressure gauge, a gas rotor flowmeter, a ball valve, a gas tank and an air compressor; the pipeline where the liquid inlet end of the atomizing nozzle is located is connected in sequence to a pressure gauge, a liquid rotor flowmeter, a ball valve, a water pump and a liquid storage tank.

7. The adaptive end quenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end-quenching sample assembly includes an upper sleeve, a lower sleeve, and an end-quenching sample arranged in the upper sleeve and the lower sleeve, and a plurality of temperature measuring holes are arranged on the end-quenching sample; The outer side of the non-step portion of the end quenching specimen is wrapped with thermal insulation cotton and aluminum foil; The end quenching specimen step and the lower sleeve are in an interference fit manner.

8. A method for calculating heat transfer coefficient, using an adaptive end quenching device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Obtain temperature-time data during end quenching; Create a geometric model of the end-quenched specimen and perform meshing on the geometric model; The temperature-time data during the end quenching process is used as the heat transfer boundary condition of the geometric model, and the end quenching process simulation is performed with the preset initial convection heat transfer coefficient as the starting point; The temperature-time data obtained by simulation is continuously optimized to make the temperature-time data obtained by simulation consistent with the data obtained by experimental test, and the convection heat transfer coefficient of the terminal quenching process is obtained.

9. The heat transfer coefficient calculation method according to claim 8, further comprising: Insert the temperature measuring end of the thermocouple into the pre-drilled temperature measuring hole of the end-quenched specimen; Wrap the non-step part of the end-quenched specimen with heat-insulating cotton and aluminum foil, and assemble the step of the end-quenched specimen with the lower sleeve using interference fit; The upper sleeve and the lower sleeve are fixed together, and the end-quenched sample assembly is placed in a muffle furnace for solution treatment. When all the temperature measuring points of the end-quenched sample reach the solution temperature and are kept warm for one hour, the end-quenched sample assembly is placed on the bottom support; The opening of the baffle, the gripping of the end-quenching sample assembly by the pneumatic clamping device, and the spraying of the end-quenching sample assembly by the spray regulating device are synchronously started through the intelligent control valve.

10. A method for measuring hardenability, using an adaptive end quenching device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: The end-quenched specimens after quenching are subjected to artificial aging treatment; The aged specimens were divided by wire cutting, and the end-quenched specimens were cut along a direction parallel to the cutting surface. Grind and polish the cut surface to ensure that the end-quenched specimen meets the surface finish required for hardness testing; Use a fully automatic micro-Vickers hardness tester to perform hardness point testing on the end-quenched specimen and record the hardness value of each point in real time; Based on each point and its corresponding hardness value, a relationship curve between the hardness value and the end quenching distance is drawn, and the depth of the hardened layer is determined according to the relationship curve between the hardness value and the end quenching distance.

Images