Construction method for arch-shaped main body structure of open cut tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method for an arched main body structure of an open-cut tunnel, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction. The open-cut tunnel arch main body structure construction method comprises the steps that S10, a plurality of standardized steel mold modules are prepared, and foundation treatment is conducted; s20, a plurality of vertical rods are arranged on the foundation at equal intervals, transverse horizontal rods are erected between the adjacent vertical rods, and a supporting bracket is formed; s30, the multiple steel mold modules are spliced in sequence to form a top supply steel mold, the top supply steel mold is supported through a support, a supporting steel pipe is additionally arranged at the end of the top supply steel mold, and the two ends of the supporting steel pipe are connected between the bottom side of the end of the top supply steel mold and a foundation; s40, an intelligent polystyrene foam precise injection system is adopted, and a splicing seam of every two adjacent steel mold modules is filled with polystyrene foam; and S50, concrete is poured on the top supply steel mold, and tunnel top supply is formed after hardening. The construction flexibility and adaptability can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a method for constructing an arched main structure of an open-cut tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing demand for underground transportation networks, the development and application of tunnel construction technology has become a key research direction. Cut-and-cover tunneling is widely used due to its relative simplicity and low cost. However, the complex construction environment of cut-and-cover tunnels, especially in conditions with variable geological conditions and varying burial depths, makes traditional construction techniques lacking in flexibility and adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a construction method for the arched main structure of an open-cut tunnel to address the construction problems of insufficient flexibility and adaptability of traditional open-cut tunnel construction technology.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted in this application are as follows: The embodiments of the present application provide a method for constructing an arched main structure of an open-cut tunnel, comprising: S10, prepare multiple standardized steel formwork modules and perform foundation treatment; S20, arranging a plurality of vertical poles at equal intervals on the foundation, and setting up horizontal bars between adjacent vertical poles to form a support frame; S30, sequentially assembling a plurality of the steel mold modules to form a top steel mold, and supporting the top steel mold by a bracket, wherein a supporting steel pipe is further provided at the end of the top steel mold, and the two ends of the supporting steel pipe are respectively connected to the bottom side of the end of the top steel mold and the foundation; S40, uses an intelligent foam glue precision injection system to fill the foam glue in the joints between two adjacent steel mold modules; S50, pouring concrete on the top supply steel formwork to form the tunnel top supply after hardening.

[0005] In one embodiment, the steel mold module includes two first steel molds with a first curvature and multiple second steel molds with a second curvature. The two first steel molds are relatively arranged at both ends and the bottom surfaces are respectively abutted against one of the supporting steel pipes. Each second steel mold is spliced ​​between the two first steel molds in sequence, and the first curvature is greater than the second curvature.

[0006] In one embodiment, step S40 includes: using a robot to scan the joints between two adjacent steel mold modules, generating a three-dimensional trajectory map and calculating the theoretical injection amount, automatic glue injection equipment injecting nano-modified foam glue along the trajectory, pressure sensors providing real-time feedback, infrared thermal imagers detecting colloid distribution, AI systems determining the pass rate, and robots automatically filling unqualified areas with glue.

[0007] In one embodiment, the relationship between the theoretical injection amount and the joint gap is: ; Where L is the length of the joint, W is the average width of the joint, D is the depth of the joint, k is the expansion rate of the foam, n is the effective filling rate of the foam, V 胶 The theoretical injection amount of foam glue.

[0008] In one embodiment, the components of the foaming glue include: 40-50 parts by weight of polyol, 30-35 parts by weight of isocyanate, 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of graphene particles, 3-5 parts by weight of foaming agent, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of catalyst, 1-2 parts by weight of surfactant, 2-4 parts by weight of plasticizer, and 3-5 parts by weight of flame retardant.

[0009] In one embodiment, the pressure sensor is pre-buried in the joint to monitor the stress and strain data at the joint in real time.

[0010] In one embodiment, the seam width needs to be verified by a laser rangefinder before the foam glue is injected. The out-of-tolerance area triggers the robot to automatically adjust the template position. Within 30 minutes after the injection is completed, the system monitors the colloid expansion rate and alarms in real time for abnormal data.

[0011] In one embodiment, after the support bracket is erected, a horizontal net is added to the top surface of the support bracket.

[0012] In one embodiment, a plurality of horizontal supports are provided on one side of the first steel mold, and top supports are provided at the ends of the vertical poles and the horizontal supports. A channel steel is provided on the side where the top steel mold is connected to the vertical pole, and wooden strips are provided between the channel steel and the top steel mold. The top support is connected to the open side of the channel steel, and the gap between the channel steel and the top support is filled with wooden strips.

[0013] In one embodiment, after the top steel formwork is installed, a leak-proof layer with a thickness of 2 mm is laid on the top steel formwork, and the height difference of the joint is controlled within 1 to 2 mm.

[0014] Compared with related technologies, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application provides a construction method for an open-cut tunnel arch main structure that can adapt to the diverse environmental construction of tunnels. This application significantly improves the flexibility and adaptability of construction by dividing the top-supplied steel formwork into multiple standardized steel formwork modules, which can be flexibly combined and adjusted according to the specific needs of the construction section. In addition, the modular design facilitates on-site transportation and installation, significantly shortens the construction period, and helps complete the project on time. This construction technology not only improves work efficiency, but also reduces labor costs to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for constructing an open-cut tunnel arch main structure in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of tunnel construction in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the steel mold module in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the jacking in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the supporting steel pipe in some embodiments of the present application.

[0017] Description of reference numerals: 100, vertical pole; 200, horizontal pole; 300, top support; 400, foundation; 500, first steel mold; 600, second steel mold; 700, channel steel; 800, supporting steel pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0019] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0020] In addition, if the term "and / or" appears, "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship. If the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, if the term "multiple" appears, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0021] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connected," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, these terms may refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, if a first feature is described as being "above" or "below" a second feature, or similar descriptions, this may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is described as being "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is described as being "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0023] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiment.

[0024] See Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for constructing an open-cut tunnel arch main structure, comprising: S10, prepare a plurality of standardized steel formwork modules and perform foundation 400 processing.

[0025] Specifically, after the foundation is excavated, the foundation 400 is poured with concrete, and after being leveled, it is hardened to form the main body of the inverted arch, which is convenient for subsequent tunnel construction operations. In addition, the present application adopts prefabricated standardized steel formwork modules, which can be flexibly combined and adjusted according to the complexity of the tunnel structure and the variability of the construction environment, thereby significantly improving the flexibility and adaptability of the construction. Compared with traditional wooden formwork, steel formwork modules have higher strength and durability, can withstand greater construction pressure, and reduce construction defects caused by mold deformation. In addition, the modular design is also convenient for on-site transportation and installation, greatly shortening the construction period and helping to complete the project on time. This construction technology not only improves work efficiency, but also reduces labor costs to a certain extent, providing a new solution for the efficient construction of modern tunnel projects.

[0026] S20, a plurality of vertical poles 100 are evenly spaced on the foundation 400, and horizontal poles 200 are set between adjacent vertical poles 100 to form a supporting frame.

[0027] See Figure 2As shown, both the vertical poles 100 and the horizontal poles 200 are made of coiled steel tubes, with dimensions of Φ48mm × 3.2m, and the spacing between adjacent vertical poles 100 is 90cm. The bottom of the vertical pole 100 is fixedly connected to the foundation 400, and the top supports the steel formwork module. The horizontal pole 200 is horizontally mounted on the vertical pole 100 to form a stable support bracket. This application uses coiled steel tube brackets as the main support components, which can be flexibly assembled according to needs. Combined with a precise formwork installation process, it greatly improves stability and safety during construction. The coiled steel tube bracket has excellent load-bearing capacity and adaptability, effectively distributing the load during construction and reducing the risk of accidents caused by support failure. In addition, the support system is simple in design and can be quickly assembled and disassembled, improving construction efficiency. Through the precise formwork installation process, a good fit between the formwork and the support is ensured, construction errors are reduced, and a more stable environment is provided for concrete pouring. This systematic support design not only improves construction quality, but also enhances the safety management capabilities of the construction site, providing a strong guarantee for the overall smooth progress of tunnel construction.

[0028] Furthermore, after the support bracket is erected, a horizontal net is added to the top surface of the support bracket.

[0029] Specifically, horizontal nets provide safety protection and support during construction, effectively preventing the fall of materials, tools, and other items, protecting construction workers and reducing the risk of accidents. Furthermore, horizontal nets can serve as temporary support structures to help carry lightweight materials or equipment, while intercepting potentially falling objects to prevent injury to pedestrians or other workers below. The installation of horizontal nets improves construction site safety and the working environment, thereby enhancing construction efficiency and safety.

[0030] S30: Attach multiple steel formwork modules in sequence to form a top steel formwork, and support the top steel formwork with brackets. A support steel pipe 800 is provided at the end of the top steel formwork, with both ends of the support steel pipe 800 connected to the bottom side of the top steel formwork and the foundation 400.

[0031] Continue reading Figure 3 As shown, the steel mold module includes two first steel molds 500 with a first curvature and multiple second steel molds 600 with a second curvature. The two first steel molds 500 are located at opposite ends, and their bottom surfaces are respectively abutted against a support steel pipe 800. Each second steel mold 600 is sequentially spliced ​​between the two first steel molds 500, and the first curvature is greater than the second curvature.

[0032] As you can understand, the steel mold modules need to fit snugly within the arched roof, so each one has a certain curvature. Because the first steel molds 500 at either end connect the tunnel's vertical sidewalls and the roof's curved surface, their transitional curvature is relatively large. The second steel molds 600 each have identical structural dimensions and a relatively smooth curvature. The splicing of the first and second steel molds 500, 600 forms the roof steel mold for the curved roof casting.

[0033] Preferably, in this specific embodiment, the steel mold module is divided into two first steel molds 500 and four second steel molds 600. The steel mold module's faceplate is constructed of 4.5mm steel plate, with arc-shaped side stiffeners on both sides of the faceplate, also constructed of 4.5mm steel plate. A longitudinal stiffener connecting the two side stiffeners and an intermediate stiffener oriented in the same direction as the side stiffeners are located in the middle of the steel mold module. Both the longitudinal stiffeners and the intermediate stiffeners are constructed of 6mm thick steel plate and are 10cm wide.

[0034] Before installing each steel formwork module, check the plate surface for flatness, smoothness, and any uneven deformations and residual slurry. Clean the formwork interfaces. Check the connection ends and bases of all steel formwork modules for defects or deformations that could affect their use due to collisions. Check the formwork welds for cracks and damage. If any, repair them promptly.

[0035] After the support brackets are erected, the tunnel centerline is determined, the overall tunnel orientation is controlled, and elevation control is performed. Initially, the design slope elevation is followed. After the steel formwork modules are installed, adjustments are made based on the pre-camber setting requirements. Based on comprehensive considerations of the formwork support system, a pre-camber value of 5 cm is recommended. The steel formwork modules should be installed from the sides toward the center.

[0036] The steel formwork modules are installed primarily by hand, with mechanical support. During installation and use, the amount of arching and subsidence should be set, and a level should be used to measure and check at any time. The height difference of the steel formwork modules should be controlled within 1-2mm, and bolts should be used to connect them longitudinally to ensure integrity.

[0037] Furthermore, embedded steel-edged rubber waterstops were installed at the expansion joints of the steel formwork modules, with the exposed portion of the waterstop enclosed by a box-shaped baffle. 150×150mm square timbers were used for the longitudinal inner ribs, placed on both sides of the waterstop. 100×100mm square timbers were used for the end transverse supports, with a longitudinal spacing of 600mm. 12mm horizontal tie rods were used to secure the transverse supports.

[0038] Thus, by installing a buried steel-edged rubber waterstop at the construction joint and securely securing it with rebar, the waterstop prevents displacement during concrete pouring. A removable metal formwork mesh is used at the construction joint plug, facilitating rebar penetration and continuous tying without the need for roughening.

[0039] Continue reading Figure 4 As shown, further, a plurality of horizontal supports are provided on one side of the first steel mold 500, and top supports 300 are provided at the ends of the vertical poles 100 and the horizontal supports. A channel steel 700 is provided on the side where the top steel mold is connected to the vertical pole 100, and wooden strips are provided between the channel steel 700 and the top steel mold. The top support 300 is connected to the open side of the channel steel 700, and the gap between the channel steel 700 and the top support 300 is filled with wooden strips.

[0040] As is understandable, due to the arc-shaped top arch structure, there is a gap between the contact area between the vertical pole 100 and the top steel formwork. To ensure proper contact between the formwork and the vertical pole 100, an inverted channel steel 700 is used as a distribution beam on the vertical pole 100 support 300. The gap between the distribution beam and the formwork is supported by 10cm×10cm square timber with unscrewed corners, and the gap between the channel steel 700 and the support 300 is filled with wooden strips.

[0041] Furthermore, due to the high thickness of the poured concrete, the lateral pressure is considerable. To ensure the horizontal stability of the top steel formwork, transverse braces made of Φ48×3.2 steel pipes are installed on the first steel formwork 500. Longitudinal square timbers are installed where the braces contact the first steel formwork 500 and are secured to the first steel formwork 500 via jack supports 300. Fasteners connect the braces to the vertical poles 100, with at least three vertical poles 100 required.

[0042] Continue reading Figure 5 As shown, further, in order to ensure that the end of the first steel mold 500 is not suspended in the air, the template is supported by vertical steel pipes at the side walls to improve the supporting strength of the first steel mold 500.

[0043] S40 uses an intelligent foam glue precision injection system to fill the gap between two adjacent steel mold modules with foam glue.

[0044] Specifically, the intelligent, precise foam glue injection system utilizes pressure-feedback automatic glue injection equipment, adjusting the foam glue injection volume in real time based on the template joint width. High-precision flow sensors (error ≤ ±3%) ensure filling density. Combined with infrared thermal imaging technology, the system quickly scans the joint area after glue injection. AI algorithms identify unfilled or bubble-defective areas and mark rework locations, achieving the goal of "one-time glue injection, zero defects."

[0045] This application introduces an innovative joint treatment method, which effectively solves the leakage problem common in traditional concrete pouring by injecting foam glue into the joints of the formwork. Traditional joint treatment methods are often unable to completely seal, resulting in gaps and cracks after the concrete is poured, thus affecting the overall structural safety of the tunnel. Foam glue has good filling and adhesion properties, and can form an effective sealing layer at the joints to prevent the penetration of moisture and gas, ensuring the quality of concrete pouring. This innovation not only improves the reliability of construction, but also enhances the tunnel's anti-penetration ability and extends its service life. At the same time, the application of foam glue greatly improves the convenience of construction, reduces the need for subsequent maintenance and reinforcement, and thus reduces the overall cost of the project.

[0046] Furthermore, before injecting the foam glue, the seam width must be verified using a laser rangefinder (with an allowable deviation of ±0.5mm). Any deviation from the tolerance triggers the robot to automatically adjust the template position. The injection amount is then adjusted based on the relationship between the theoretical injection volume and the seam width.

[0047] Specifically, the relationship between the theoretical injection amount and the joint gap is: ; Where L is the length of the joint, in m, W is the average width of the joint, in m, D is the depth of the joint, in m, k is the expansion rate of the foam, dimensionless, n is the effective filling rate of the foam, considering construction losses such as overflow and compression, usually 0.7-0.9, V 胶 The theoretical injection volume of foam glue, unit: m 3 .

[0048] Within 30 minutes after the injection is completed, the system monitors the colloid expansion rate. The standard value is 150%-180%, and abnormal data will be alarmed in real time.

[0049] Furthermore, joint quality is monitored during the glue injection process. A miniature pressure sensor, ≤1mm in diameter, is embedded within the foam. This sensor monitors stress and strain at the joint in real time, integrating and analyzing data from the support system's sensors to dynamically assess overall structural stability. The robot, equipped with a glue injection arm, automatically injects the foam glue along the joint path after assembly is complete, with an injection path accuracy of ≤±1.5mm, minimizing manual error.

[0050] In some implementations, the foam glue uses nano-modified polyurethane foam glue and adds graphene particles to improve the impermeability and durability, and also has a self-repairing function (it can automatically close when microcracks are ≤0.2mm).

[0051] Specifically, the components of the foaming glue include: 40-50 parts by weight of polyol, 30-35 parts by weight of isocyanate, 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of graphene particles, 3-5 parts by weight of foaming agent, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of catalyst, 1-2 parts by weight of surfactant, 2-4 parts by weight of plasticizer, and 3-5 parts by weight of flame retardant.

[0052] The hydroxyl group in the polyol has a value of 300-400 mgKOH / g and serves as the primary reactant, providing a flexible structure to the polyurethane chain. Isocyanate reacts with the polyol to form a polyurethane network, which determines the material's hardness and strength. The graphene particles are modified graphene oxide, enhancing impermeability with a permeability coefficient of ≤1×10⁻¹²m / s, improving thermal conductivity and self-healing capabilities. The foaming agent is water, which creates a foam structure through a vaporization reaction, controlling density and porosity. The catalyst accelerates the polymerization reaction between the polyol and isocyanate and regulates the reaction rate. The surfactant is a silicone-based surfactant, stabilizing the foam structure and preventing bubble coalescence and collapse. The plasticizer enhances the material's flexibility and impact resistance, while the flame retardant improves its flame retardancy, meeting fire protection requirements for tunnel engineering. A solvent may also be provided to adjust viscosity and aid in graphene dispersion. The solvent should be appropriately distributed based on the ratio of the aforementioned materials to maintain a total of 100%.

[0053] S50, pouring concrete on the top supply steel formwork, and forming the tunnel top supply after hardening.

[0054] Specifically, since the formwork uses small steel formwork modules, there are relatively more circumferential joints after the steel formwork modules are installed. In order to ensure the quality of concrete pouring, a layer of 2mm thick film or iron sheet is laid on the formwork after the steel formwork modules are installed, and the height difference of the joints is controlled within 1 to 2mm to prevent leakage of slurry from the joints.

[0055] After the steel formwork modules are assembled, an overall acceptance inspection is required. The acceptance criteria for the steel formwork modules are shown in Table 1.

[0056]

[0057] Table 1 After acceptance, concrete pouring is carried out. After hardening and curing, the supporting brackets are removed to complete the construction of the arched main body of the tunnel.

[0058] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0059] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an arched main structure of an open-cut tunnel, characterized in that: include: S10, prepare multiple standardized steel formwork modules and perform foundation treatment; S20, arranging a plurality of vertical poles at equal intervals on the foundation, and setting up horizontal bars between adjacent vertical poles to form a support frame; S30, sequentially assembling a plurality of the steel mold modules to form a top steel mold, and supporting the top steel mold by a bracket, wherein a supporting steel pipe is further provided at the end of the top steel mold, and the two ends of the supporting steel pipe are respectively connected to the bottom side of the end of the top steel mold and the foundation; S40, uses an intelligent foam glue precision injection system to fill the foam glue in the joints between two adjacent steel mold modules; S50, pouring concrete on the top supply steel formwork to form the tunnel top supply after hardening.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel mold module includes two first steel molds with a first curvature and multiple second steel molds with a second curvature. The two first steel molds are relatively arranged at both ends and their bottom surfaces are respectively abutted against one of the supporting steel pipes. Each second steel mold is spliced ​​between the two first steel molds in sequence, and the first curvature is greater than the second curvature.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S40 includes: using a robot to scan the joints between two adjacent steel mold modules, generating a three-dimensional trajectory map and calculating the theoretical injection amount, automatic glue injection equipment injecting nano-modified foam glue along the trajectory, real-time feedback from the pressure sensor, infrared thermal imager detecting the colloid distribution, AI system determining the pass rate, and the robot automatically filling the unqualified areas with glue.

4. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The relationship between the theoretical injection amount and the joint seam is: ； Where L is the length of the joint, W is the average width of the joint, D is the depth of the joint, k is the expansion rate of the foam, n is the effective filling rate of the foam, V 胶 The theoretical injection amount of foam glue.

5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components of the foaming glue include: 40-50 parts by weight of polyol, 30-35 parts by weight of isocyanate, 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of graphene particles, 3-5 parts by weight of foaming agent, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of catalyst, 1-2 parts by weight of surfactant, 2-4 parts by weight of plasticizer, and 3-5 parts by weight of flame retardant.

6. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure sensor is pre-buried in the joint to monitor the stress and strain data at the joint in real time.

7. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before the foam glue is injected, the seam width needs to be verified by a laser rangefinder. The out-of-tolerance area triggers the robot to automatically adjust the template position. Within 30 minutes after the glue injection is completed, the system monitors the colloid expansion rate and alarms in real time for abnormal data.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the support bracket is erected, a horizontal net is added to the top surface of the support bracket.

9. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of horizontal supports are provided on one side of the first steel mold, and top supports are provided at the ends of the vertical poles and the horizontal supports. A channel steel is provided on the side where the top steel mold is connected to the vertical pole, and wooden strips are provided between the channel steel and the top steel mold. The top support is connected to the open side of the channel steel, and the gap between the channel steel and the top support is filled with wooden strips.

10. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the top steel formwork is installed, a leak-proof layer with a thickness of 2 mm is laid on the top steel formwork, and the height difference of the joint is controlled within 1 to 2 mm.

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