Solar cell module and preparation method thereof, electric equipment and power generation equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, electric equipment and power generation equipment, the solar cell module comprises a groove, the groove at least penetrates through a functional layer in the thickness direction, the functional layer at least comprises a light absorption layer, the solar cell module comprises quantum dots, and the quantum dots are located in the groove. And the quantum dots are at least arranged on the side surface of the functional layer to form a protective layer and / or fill the groove. According to the invention, the quantum dot protection layer is arranged on the side surface of the functional layer, and / or the quantum dots are filled in the groove, so that the interface of the light absorption layer is passivated, the situation that the light absorption layer is decomposed after being in contact with water and oxygen, resulting in failure decomposition of the groove region can be avoided, and the stability of the solar cell module can be improved by arranging the protection layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cell modules, and in particular to a solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, electrical equipment, and power generation equipment. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cell modules utilize perovskite-type organic metal halide semiconductors as light-absorbing materials. They represent a new generation of solar cell modules characterized by high photoelectric conversion rates. Existing technologies require scribing perovskite solar cell modules to create grooves, blocking conduction and forming individual cell modules. However, deterioration in the scribed areas is a major cause of cell failure, significantly reducing the stability of solar cell modules. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, an electrical device and a power generation device, which can protect the scribed area of ​​the solar cell module and improve the stability of the solar cell module.

[0004] The first technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide a solar cell assembly, the solar cell assembly includes a groove, the groove at least penetrates the functional layer along the thickness direction, the functional layer at least includes a light absorbing layer, the functional layer has grooves, the solar cell assembly includes quantum dots, the quantum dots are located in the grooves, and the quantum dots are at least arranged on the side of the functional layer to form a protective layer and / or fill the grooves.

[0005] In the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, a solar cell module includes a functional layer, which includes at least a light-absorbing layer. Scribing is performed at least along the thickness of the functional layer to form grooves. These grooves can cause the light-absorbing layer to decompose upon contact with water and oxygen. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application employ quantum dots to form a protective layer on the sides of the functional layer and / or to fill the grooves with quantum dots. This protects the scribed areas of the functional layer, shielding the light-absorbing layer from damage by water and oxygen, and improving the stability of the solar cell module.

[0006] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly further includes a top electrode layer, which is disposed on the functional layer, the groove includes a first groove, and the protective layer includes a first protective layer, wherein the first groove penetrates the functional layer along the thickness direction, and the quantum dots are located in the first groove and are disposed on the surface of the functional layer facing the first groove to form a first protective layer.

[0007] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the groove includes a first groove that penetrates the functional layer along the thickness direction, the quantum dots are located in the first groove, and a first protective layer is formed on the surface of the functional layer facing the first groove to protect the surface of the functional layer facing the first groove, isolate the light-absorbing layer from damage by water and oxygen, and improve the stability of the solar cell module.

[0008] In some embodiments, the top electrode layer includes: a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, the first portion is disposed on the functional layer, and the second portion is located in the first trench and disposed on a surface of the first protective layer away from the functional layer.

[0009] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the first part of the top electrode layer is arranged on the functional layer, and the second part is located in the first groove and is arranged on the surface of the first protective layer away from the functional layer. When the first groove is formed by scribing in the thickness direction of the functional layer, the first groove will cause the light-absorbing layer of the functional layer to be exposed and directly contact the second part of the top electrode layer. The direct contact between the light-absorbing layer and the second part will cause a chemical reaction, resulting in a large number of vacancies and other defects in the light-absorbing layer. As the chemical reaction continues to penetrate deeper, it will cause the battery to short-circuit. In a long-term working environment, the reaction is accelerated, causing large-scale degradation of the battery. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, a first protective layer is arranged between the second part and the surface of the functional layer facing the first groove to avoid direct contact between the top electrode layer and the functional layer to produce a chemical reaction, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly further includes a top electrode layer, which is disposed on the functional layer, the groove includes a second groove, and the protective layer includes a second protective layer, wherein the second groove penetrates the functional layer and the top electrode layer along the thickness direction, and the quantum dots are located in the second groove and at least disposed on the surface of the functional layer facing the second groove to form a second protective layer.

[0011] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the groove includes a second groove that penetrates the functional layer and the top electrode layer along the thickness direction. The quantum dots are located in the second groove, and a second protective layer is formed on the surface of the functional layer facing the second groove to protect the surface of the functional layer facing the second groove, isolate the light-absorbing layer from damage by water and oxygen, and improve the stability of the solar cell module.

[0012] In some embodiments, the thickness direction of the solar cell module is a first direction, and the extension direction of the solar cell module is a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular. In the second direction, the protective layer has a thickness of 0.1 nm to 50 nm. Within this thickness range, the protective layer can effectively isolate the light-absorbing layer from contact with water and oxygen, while also preventing direct contact between the light-absorbing layer and the back electrode layer, which could cause chemical reactions and lead to failure.

[0013] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly further includes a top electrode layer, which is disposed on the functional layer, and the groove includes a second groove, wherein the second groove penetrates the functional layer and the top electrode layer along the thickness direction, and the quantum dots are filled in the second groove.

[0014] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the groove includes a second groove that penetrates the functional layer and the top electrode layer along the thickness direction, and quantum dots are filled in the second groove to protect the surface of the functional layer facing the second groove, isolate the light-absorbing layer from damage by water and oxygen, and improve the stability of the solar cell module.

[0015] In some embodiments, the quantum dots are also located on the surface of the functional layer facing away from the grooves to form a reinforced protective layer. Providing a reinforced protective layer on the surface of the functional layer facing away from the grooves can effectively isolate the entire functional layer structure from contact with water and oxygen, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module.

[0016] In some embodiments, the thickness direction of the solar cell assembly is a first direction, the extension direction of the solar cell assembly is a second direction, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular, and the thickness of the enhanced protective layer in the second direction is 0.1 nm to 10 nm. Within this thickness range, the enhanced protective layer can effectively isolate the light-absorbing layer from contact with water and oxygen.

[0017] In some embodiments, the quantum dots are further disposed on the surface of the functional layer away from the bottom electrode layer and / or the surface of the top electrode layer away from the bottom electrode layer to form an additional layer. If the quantum dots in the additional layer have little effect on the conductivity between the functional layer and the top electrode layer or on subsequent processes of the top electrode layer, when the quantum dots are disposed using a spin coating or deposition method, it is not necessary to set a mask or eliminate the process of removing the quantum dots on the surface of the functional layer away from the bottom electrode layer and / or the surface of the top electrode layer away from the bottom electrode layer, thereby saving process steps.

[0018] In some embodiments, the thickness of the additional layer in the thickness direction of the solar cell module is 0.1 nm to 50 nm. Within this thickness range, the additional layer has little effect on the conductivity between the functional layer and the electrode layer or on subsequent processes of the electrode layer.

[0019] In some embodiments, the light absorbing layer is a first perovskite material, the quantum dots are a second perovskite material, and the first perovskite material and the second perovskite material are the same or different.

[0020] In the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the light-absorbing layer comprises a first perovskite material, and the protective layer comprises quantum dots comprising a second perovskite material. The first perovskite material and the second perovskite material may be the same or different. The quantum dots formed by the second perovskite material are resistant to water and oxygen, and, in combination with the light-absorbing layer, can passivate the interface or bulk of the light-absorbing layer, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module.

[0021] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the quantum dots is less than or equal to 10 nm. Quantum dots within this size range can effectively isolate the functional layer and / or the top electrode layer from contact with water and oxygen, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module.

[0022] In some embodiments, the quantum dots include lead halide compounds, which are easy to prepare or purchase, thus reducing the difficulty of preparing solar cell modules.

[0023] In some embodiments, the quantum dots include at least one of FAPbI3, CsPbI3, and CsPbBr3.

[0024] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, FAPbI3, CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 are easy to prepare or purchase, which helps to reduce the difficulty of preparing solar cell modules.

[0025] The second technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide a method for preparing a solar cell module, the method comprising: providing a solar cell module substrate, the substrate comprising at least a functional layer; setting grooves, the grooves penetrating the functional layer along the thickness direction; setting quantum dots, the quantum dots being located in the grooves, the quantum dots being at least set on the side of the functional layer to form a protective layer and / or filling the grooves.

[0026] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a functional layer is arranged on the substrate, grooves are drawn in the thickness direction of the functional layer, quantum dots are arranged on at least the surface of the functional layer facing the grooves to form a protective layer, and / or quantum dots are filled in the grooves to protect the drawn areas of the functional layer and isolate the functional layer from damage by water and oxygen. In addition, quantum dots can passivate the surface of the functional layer facing the grooves to reduce defects.

[0027] In some embodiments, after the step of setting quantum dots, the step further includes setting a top electrode layer, the top electrode layer including a first part and a second part extending from the first part, the first part is set on the functional layer, and the second part is set on the surface of the protective layer away from the functional layer; the step of setting quantum dots is: the quantum dots are located in the grooves, and the quantum dots are at least set on the side of the functional layer to form a protective layer.

[0028] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, when grooves are formed by scribing in the thickness direction of the functional layer, the grooves will cause the light-absorbing layer of the functional layer to be exposed and directly contact the second portion of the top electrode layer. The direct contact between the light-absorbing layer and the second portion will cause a chemical reaction, resulting in a large number of vacancies and other defects in the light-absorbing layer. As the chemical reaction continues to penetrate deeper, it will cause the battery to short-circuit. Under long-term working conditions, the reaction will accelerate, causing large-scale degradation of the battery. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, quantum dots are provided between the second portion and the surface of the functional layer facing the grooves to form a protective layer to prevent the top electrode layer from directly contacting the functional layer and causing a chemical reaction, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module.

[0029] In some embodiments, before the step of setting the groove, it also includes: setting a top electrode layer, the top electrode layer is located on the surface of the functional layer; the step of setting the groove, the groove passes through the functional layer along the thickness direction is: setting the groove, the groove passes through the functional layer and the top electrode layer along the thickness direction.

[0030] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a top electrode layer is arranged on the surface of the functional layer, grooves are arranged through the functional layer and the top electrode layer along the thickness direction, quantum dots are arranged in the grooves, and a protective layer is formed on the surface of the functional layer facing the grooves or the grooves are filled to protect the surface of the functional layer facing the grooves, isolate the light-absorbing layer from damage by water and oxygen, and improve the stability of the solar cell module.

[0031] The third technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide an electrical device, which includes the solar cell module as described above or the solar cell module prepared by the method for preparing the solar cell module as described above.

[0032] Since the electrical equipment of the present application includes the solar cell assembly provided by the present application, it has at least the same advantages as the solar cell assembly.

[0033] The fourth technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide a power generation device, which includes the solar cell module as described above or the solar cell module prepared by the method for preparing the solar cell module as described above.

[0034] Since the power generation device of the present application is used for generating electricity, it includes the solar cell assembly provided by the present application and thus has at least the same advantages as the solar cell assembly.

[0035] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 A top view of a partial structure of a solar cell assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 A top view of a partial structure of a solar cell assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of electrical equipment in some embodiments of the present application;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the power generation equipment of some embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0046] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0049] In recent years, perovskite solar cell modules have become a research hotspot in the scientific field around the world. Their raw materials are widely available and inexpensive, the preparation process is simple, and they can be prepared on flexible substrates. They are currently the most promising emerging photovoltaic devices. Usually, when forming a series structure of perovskite cells, different film layers need to be scribed at different locations. The scribing of the functional layer can be completed by masking, chemical etching, mechanical or laser scribing. Figure 1 , marking different film layers at different positions can be divided into:

[0050] P1 process: The bottom electrode layer is separated by equipment. After the bottom electrode layer is prepared, it is scribed by related equipment before the hole transport layer, perovskite layer and electron transport layer are prepared to form independent conductive layer substrates.

[0051] P2 process: expose the conductive layer substrate to provide a channel for connecting the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent sub-batteries. After completing the preparation of the hole transport layer, perovskite layer and electron transport layer, the hole transport layer, perovskite layer and electron transport layer are etched by related equipment to expose the bottom electrode layer, so that the positive and negative electrodes between the sub-batteries can be connected to each other during the next electrode evaporation process. The P2 process is to cut off the hole transport layer, perovskite layer and electron transport layer above the bottom electrode layer before depositing the top electrode layer, ending at the bottom electrode layer. The film layers etched in the P2 process can be collectively referred to as functional layers.

[0052] The P3 process removes some functional layers to separate the positive electrodes of adjacent sub-cells. This involves slicing through the hole transport layer, perovskite layer, electron transport layer, and top electrode layer above the bottom electrode layer after deposition, ending at the bottom electrode layer. The P3 process scribes both the functional layer and the top electrode layer.

[0053] The above three processes P1, P2 and P3 respectively form three scribe grooves. The "first groove" described in this application is the scribe groove produced by the P2 process, and the "second groove" described in this application is the scribe groove produced by the P3 process.

[0054] Three scribe grooves are formed on the perovskite solar cell module using the P1, P2, and P3 processes to form a series structure of multiple sub-cells. However, perovskite solar cell modules are extremely sensitive to temperature and humidity. The deterioration of the scribe area is one of the important reasons for cell failure, which greatly reduces the stability of the core light-absorbing layer of the cell.

[0055] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a solar cell assembly 100, which includes a groove, the groove at least penetrating the functional layer 11 along the thickness direction X, the functional layer 11 at least including the light absorbing layer 111, the functional layer 11 having a groove, the solar cell assembly including quantum dots, the quantum dots located in the groove, and the quantum dots at least arranged on the side of the functional layer 11 to form a protective layer and / or fill the groove.

[0056] The film layers carved in the P2 process can be collectively referred to as functional layers. The film layers carved in the P3 process include functional layers and top electrode layers.

[0057] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, a solar cell module 100 includes a functional layer 11, which includes at least a light-absorbing layer 111. At least one groove is scribed on the functional layer 11, which causes the light-absorbing layer 111 to be exposed and decompose upon contact with water and oxygen. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application provide quantum dots on the sides of the functional layer 11 to form a protective layer, and / or fill the grooves with quantum dots to protect the scribed areas of the functional layer 11, isolating the light-absorbing layer from damage by water and oxygen, and improving the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0058] In some embodiments, the quantum dots may include at least one of FAPbI3, CsPbI3, and CsPbBr3. In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, FAPbI3, CsPbI3, and CsPbBr3 are easy to prepare or purchase, which helps to reduce the difficulty of preparing solar cell modules. The quantum dots of the embodiment of the present application are perovskite quantum dots. Perovskite quantum dots are equivalent to multiple one-dimensional perovskite small grains. They have no adverse reactions with the three-dimensional perovskite cross-section exposed on the side of the light-absorbing layer 111, can form a tight bond, and have the same chemical composition, that is, the components that can synthesize the perovskite light-absorbing layer 111 can all synthesize quantum dots. Using this type of quantum dot as a protective layer for the functional layer 11 can isolate water and oxygen without affecting the function of the functional layer 11, thereby reducing damage to the light-absorbing layer 111.

[0059] The solar cell assembly 100 disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in electrical equipment or power generation equipment that uses photoelectric conversion. The electrical equipment can be, but is not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, battery cars, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc. Among them, electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc., and spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc. The power generation equipment can include a solar cell assembly and an energy storage device, and the energy storage device can be a secondary battery.

[0060] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly 100 further includes a top electrode layer 13, which is disposed on the functional layer 11, the groove includes a first groove 101, namely a P2 groove, and the protective layer includes a first protective layer 121, wherein the first groove 101 penetrates the functional layer 11 along the thickness direction X, and the quantum dots are located in the first groove 101 and are disposed on the surface a of the functional layer 11 facing the first groove 101 to form the first protective layer 121.

[0061] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the groove includes a first groove 101 that penetrates the functional layer 11 along the thickness direction X, the quantum dots are located in the first groove 101, and a first protective layer 121 is formed on the surface a of the functional layer 11 facing the first groove 101 to protect the surface a of the functional layer 11 facing the first groove 101, isolate the water and oxygen from damaging the light-absorbing layer 111, and improve the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0062] In some embodiments, the top electrode layer 13 includes: a first portion 131 and a second portion 132 extending from the first portion 131, the first portion 131 is disposed on the functional layer 11, and the second portion 132 is located in the first groove 101 and is disposed on the surface c of the first protective layer 121 away from the functional layer 11.

[0063] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the first portion 131 of the top electrode layer 13 is arranged on the functional layer 11, and the second portion 132 is located in the first groove 101 and is arranged on the surface c of the first protective layer 121 away from the functional layer 11. When the first groove 101 is formed by scribing in the thickness direction X of the functional layer 11, the first groove 101 will cause the light absorbing layer 111 of the functional layer 11 to be exposed and directly contact the second portion 132 of the top electrode layer 13. The direct contact between the light absorbing layer 111 and the second portion 132 will cause a chemical reaction, resulting in a large number of defects such as vacancies in the light absorbing layer 111. As the chemical reaction continues to penetrate deeper, it will cause the battery module to short-circuit. Under long-term working conditions, the reaction is accelerated, causing large-scale degradation of the battery module. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, a protective layer is provided between the second portion 132 and the surface a of the functional layer 11 facing the first groove 101 to prevent the top electrode layer 13 from directly contacting the functional layer 11 to produce a chemical reaction, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0064] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly 100 further includes a top electrode layer 13, which is disposed on the functional layer 11, the groove includes a second groove 102, namely a P3 groove, and the protective layer includes a second protective layer 122, wherein the second groove 102 penetrates the functional layer 11 and the top electrode layer 13 along the thickness direction X, and the quantum dots are located in the second groove 102 and at least arranged on the surface d of the functional layer 11 facing the second groove 102 to form the second protective layer 122.

[0065] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the groove includes a second groove 102 that penetrates the functional layer 11 and the top electrode layer 13 along the thickness direction X. The quantum dots are located in the second groove 102, and a second protective layer 122 is formed on the surface d of the functional layer 11 facing the second groove 102 to protect the surface d of the functional layer 11 facing the second groove 102, thereby isolating water and oxygen from damaging the light-absorbing layer 111, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0066] In some embodiments, the thickness direction X of the solar cell module 100 is a first direction, and the extension direction of the solar cell module 100 is a second direction Y. The first direction and the second direction Y are perpendicular. In the second direction Y, the thickness of the protective layer (including the first protective layer 121 and the second protective layer 122) is 0.1 nm to 50 nm. The protective layer within this thickness range can effectively isolate the light absorbing layer 111 from contact with water and oxygen, while also preventing the light absorbing layer 111 from direct contact with the electrode layer 13, which could cause a chemical reaction and lead to failure. The thickness of the protective layer can be 0.1nm, 0.9nm, 1nm, 5nm, 8nm, 10nm, 11nm, 15nm, 15.5nm, 20nm, 21.2nm, 25nm, 29.5nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, 41nm, 45nm, 50nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, it can be 0.1nm-15.5nm, 0.1nm-1nm, 1nm-5nm, 5nm-10nm, 1nm-15nm, 15.5nm-35nm, 35nm-50nm, etc.

[0067] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 The solar cell assembly 100 further includes a top electrode layer 13 , which is disposed on the functional layer 11 , and the grooves include a second groove 102 , wherein the second groove 102 penetrates the functional layer 11 and the top electrode layer 13 along the thickness direction X, and the quantum dots are filled in the second groove 102 .

[0068] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the groove includes a second groove 102 that penetrates the functional layer 11 and the top electrode layer 13 along the thickness direction X, and quantum dots are filled in the second groove 102 to protect the surface d of the functional layer 11 facing the second groove 102, isolate water and oxygen from damaging the light-absorbing layer 111, and improve the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0069] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 or Figure 4The quantum dots are also located on surface b of the functional layer 11 facing away from the grooves, forming a reinforced protective layer 123. The functional layer 11 of multiple series-connected solar cell modules 100 also has a surface b facing away from the P2 groove or the P3 groove. Providing the reinforced protective layer 123 on surface b of the functional layer 11 facing away from the grooves effectively isolates the entire structure of the functional layer 11 from contact with water and oxygen, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0070] It should be noted that, in order to clearly show the enhanced protection layer 123, Figure 3 and Figure 4 The protective layer in the groove is omitted.

[0071] In some embodiments, the thickness direction X of the solar cell module 100 is a first direction, and the extension direction of the solar cell module 100 is a second direction Y. The first direction and the second direction Y are perpendicular. In the second direction Y, the thickness of the reinforced protective layer 123 is 0.1 nm to 10 nm. Within this thickness range, the reinforced protective layer 123 can effectively isolate the light absorbing layer 111 from contact with water and oxygen. The thickness of the reinforced protective layer 123 can be 0.1 nm, 1 nm, 1.2 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3.1 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6.8 nm, 7.9 nm, 8.5 nm, 9.5 nm, 10 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 0.1 nm to 2.5 nm, 2.5 nm to 5.5 nm, 5.5 nm to 7.9 nm, 7.9 nm to 10 nm, etc.

[0072] In some embodiments, the quantum dots are further located on the surface e of the functional layer 11 away from the bottom electrode layer 14 and / or the surface f of the top electrode layer 13 away from the bottom electrode layer 14 to form an additional layer 124. When the quantum dots in the additional layer 124 have little effect on the conductivity between the functional layer 11 and the top electrode layer 13 or have little effect on the subsequent process of the top electrode layer 13, in the process of using the spin coating method or the deposition method to arrange the quantum dots, it is not necessary to set a mask or to omit the process of removing the quantum dots on the surface of the functional layer 11 away from the bottom electrode layer 14 and / or the surface of the top electrode layer 13 away from the bottom electrode layer 14, thereby saving process steps.

[0073] In some embodiments, the thickness of the additional layer 124 in the thickness direction X of the solar cell module 100 is 0.1 nm to 50 nm. The additional layer 124 within this thickness range has little effect on the conductivity between the functional layer 11 and the top electrode layer 13 or on subsequent processes of the top electrode layer 13. The thickness of the additional layer 124 can be 0.1 nm, 0.9 nm, 1 nm, 5 nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, 11 nm, 15 nm, 15.5 nm, 20 nm, 21.2 nm, 25 nm, 29.5 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 41 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 0.1 nm to 15.5 nm, 0.1 nm to 1 nm, 1 nm to 5 nm, 5 nm to 10 nm, 1 nm to 15 nm, 15.5 nm to 35 nm, 35 nm to 50 nm, or the like.

[0074] In some embodiments, the light absorbing layer 111 is a first perovskite material, the quantum dots are a second perovskite material, and the first perovskite material and the second perovskite material are the same or different.

[0075] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the chemical formula of the first perovskite material and the second perovskite material independently satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6, where A includes inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cations, which can be MA + , FA + 、Cs + , Rb + At least one of; B includes an inorganic cation, which may be Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ At least one of; C includes inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cations, commonly Ag + 、Cu + 、Au + , FA + , GA + ; D includes inorganic cations, which can be Bi 3+ 、Sb 3+ , and In 3+ At least one of; X includes an inorganic anion, which may be Cl - Br - , I - In some embodiments, the first perovskite material may be FA 1-x Cs x Pb(I 1-y Br y ), 0 <x,y<1。

[0076] The first perovskite material and the second perovskite material can be the same or different. The quantum dots formed by the second perovskite material are resistant to water and oxygen, and can be combined with the light absorbing layer 111 to passivate the interface or bulk of the light absorbing layer 111, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0077] The thickness of the light absorbing layer 111 may be 300 nm to 1000 nm. The thickness of the light absorbing layer 111 may be 300 nm, 398 nm, 400 nm, 456 nm, 500 nm, 581 nm, 600 nm, 674 nm, 700 nm, 759 nm, 800 nm, 832 nm, 900 nm, 947 nm, 1000 nm, or a range consisting of any two of the above values. For example, the thickness may be 300 nm to 500 nm, 300 nm to 581 nm, 400 nm to 600 nm, 581 nm to 759 nm, 400 nm to 700 nm, or 759 nm to 1000 nm.

[0078] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the quantum dots is less than or equal to 10 nm. Quantum dots within this size range can effectively isolate the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 from contact with water and oxygen, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100. The average particle size of the quantum dots can be 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 2 nm, 2.6 nm, 3.3 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.6 nm, 6.9 nm, 7.8 nm, 8.1 nm, 9.7 nm, 10 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 0.1 nm-2 nm, 2 nm-5.6 nm, 5.6 nm-7.8 nm, 7.8 nm-10 nm, etc. The average particle size can be tested by measuring the particle size of each quantum dot in the field of view at a magnification of 20K using a transmission electron microscope (e.g., Thermo Fisher F200i S / TEM) (TEM test), and the average particle size is obtained by measuring the average value. For irregularly shaped particles, the particle size is based on the particle size at the maximum particle size.

[0079] In some embodiments, the quantum dots include lead halide compounds, which are easy to prepare or purchase, thus reducing the difficulty of preparing solar cell modules.

[0080] In some embodiments, the quantum dots include at least one of FAPbI3, CsPbI3, and CsPbBr3.

[0081] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, FAPbI3, CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 are easy to prepare or purchase, which helps to reduce the difficulty of preparing solar cell modules.

[0082] In other embodiments, the solar cell module 100 may further include a bottom electrode layer 14 , a hole transport layer 112 , an electron transport layer 113 and a top electrode layer 13 .

[0083] The bottom electrode layer 14 serves as a support for the solar cell assembly 100 , and its light transmittance and strength need to meet the requirements of the solar cell assembly 100 , including but not limited to glass or PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PI (polyimide), etc.

[0084] The bottom electrode layer 14 includes a transparent conductive layer, which is used to conduct photogenerated carriers. Common FTO (F-doped tin oxide) can filter out ultraviolet light that is destructive to the light-absorbing layer 111 while conducting electricity. In addition, there are ITO (In-doped tin oxide), AZO (Al-doped zinc oxide), etc. The transparent conductive layer can select one or more combinations of these.

[0085] The hole transport layer 112 is one or more materials that can transport holes and block electrons, such as 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), polytriarylamine (PTAA), NiOx, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), WO3, organic self-assembled small molecules SAMs, etc.

[0086] The electron transport layer 113 is responsible for extracting electrons and blocking holes, and is generally made of one or more of TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester (PCBM), and C60.

[0087] The top electrode layer 13 is one or more of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, MoO3, SnO2, IWO, ITO, FTO, and AZO.

[0088] The second technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide a method for preparing a solar cell module 100, the method comprising: providing a solar cell module substrate, the substrate comprising at least a functional layer 11; providing grooves, the grooves penetrating the functional layer 11 along the thickness direction X; providing quantum dots, the quantum dots being located in the grooves, the quantum dots being provided at least on the side of the functional layer 11 to form a protective layer and / or filling the grooves.

[0089] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a functional layer 11 is provided on a substrate, and a groove is formed by marking the functional layer 11 in the thickness direction X, wherein the width of the P2 groove is 50-200 μm. A quantum dot protective layer is provided at least on the surface of the functional layer 11 facing the groove, and / or quantum dots are filled in the groove to protect the marked area of ​​the functional layer 11 and isolate the functional layer 11 from damage by water and oxygen. In addition, the quantum dots can passivate the surface of the functional layer 11 facing the groove to reduce defects. The width of the P2 groove can be 50 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, 191 μm, 240 μm, 299 μm, 359 μm, 412 μm, 500 μm, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 50 μm-100 μm, 100 μm-240 μm, 240 μm-412 μm, 412 μm-500 μm, etc.

[0090] Deposition processes for setting the protective layer include spin coating, doctor blade coating, slit coating, vacuum thermal evaporation, screen printing, and spray coating.

[0091] When the protective layer is prepared by a solution method, the quantum dot solution is a solution formed by dispersing the quantum dots in a solvent. The solvent can be at least one of chlorobenzene, toluene, isopropyl alcohol, o-xylene, anisole, and ethyl ether.

[0092] When setting the protective layer, if the thickness of the pre-formed protective layer is less than or equal to 10 nm, the protective layer can be prepared by a solution method. If the thickness of the pre-formed protective layer is greater than or equal to 10 nm, the protective layer can be prepared by vacuum evaporation.

[0093] In some embodiments, after the step of disposing quantum dots, the process further includes disposing a top electrode layer 13, wherein the top electrode layer 13 includes a first portion 131 and a second portion 132 extending from the first portion, wherein the first portion 131 is disposed on the functional layer 11, and the second portion 132 is disposed on a surface c of the protective layer away from the functional layer 11. The step of disposing quantum dots includes: the quantum dots are disposed in the grooves, and the quantum dots are disposed on at least the side surfaces of the functional layer 11 to form a protective layer.

[0094] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, when grooves are formed by scribing in the thickness direction X of the functional layer 11, the grooves will cause the light absorbing layer 111 of the functional layer 11 to be exposed and directly contact the second portion 132 of the top electrode layer 13. The direct contact between the light absorbing layer 111 and the second portion 132 will cause a chemical reaction, resulting in a large number of defects such as vacancies in the light absorbing layer 111. As the chemical reaction continues to penetrate deeper, it will cause the battery to short-circuit. Under long-term working conditions, the reaction will accelerate, causing large-scale degradation of the battery. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, a protective layer is provided between the second portion 132 and the surface of the functional layer 11 facing the groove to prevent the electrode layer 13 from directly contacting the functional layer 11 and causing a chemical reaction, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0095] In some embodiments, before the step of setting the groove, the step further includes: setting a top electrode layer 13, the top electrode layer 13 is located on the surface of the functional layer 11; the step of setting the groove, the groove penetrating the functional layer 11 along the thickness direction X is: setting the groove, the groove penetrating the functional layer 11 and the top electrode layer 13 along the thickness direction X.

[0096] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a top electrode layer 13 is arranged on the surface of the functional layer 11, a groove is arranged along the thickness direction X through the functional layer 11 and the top electrode layer 13, the quantum dots are arranged in the groove, and a protective layer is formed on the surface of the functional layer 11 facing the groove to protect the surface of the functional layer 11 facing the groove, isolate the water and oxygen from damaging the light-absorbing layer, and improve the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0097] In some embodiments, the step of providing a protective layer (a first protective layer 121 and / or a second protective layer 122) includes: forming a prefabricated layer, the prefabricated layer covering the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 and the side of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13; removing the prefabricated layer on the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13, and retaining the prefabricated layer on the side of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 as a protective layer.

[0098] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the step of providing a protective layer can be to cover the surface and side surfaces of the entire structure of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 with a prefabricated layer, and then remove the prefabricated layer on the surface of the functional layer and / or the top electrode layer. The prefabricated layer remaining in the grooves serves as the protective layer. This method allows the quantum dots to be effectively deposited in the first groove 101 and / or the second groove 102, and effectively protects the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 facing the first groove and / or the second groove.

[0099] In some embodiments, before the step of setting the first groove 101 and / or the second groove 102 in the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13, the step further includes: setting a mask on the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13; after the step of setting the protective layer (the first protective layer 121 and / or the second protective layer 122), the step further includes: removing the mask.

[0100] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a mask is first provided on the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13, and then the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 are scribed in the thickness direction X to form the first trench 101 and / or the second trench 102. Then, a protective layer (a first protective layer 121 and / or a second protective layer 122) is deposited, and then the mask on the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 is removed. When chemical etching is used for etching, the provision of a mask can not only control the etching to only the exposed areas, but also, when the protective layer is provided, the mask can also shield the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13, so that the protective layer is deposited only in the trenches, thereby reasonably avoiding the surface positions of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 where the protective layer is not required.

[0101] In some embodiments, the step of providing a protective layer includes: providing a mask on the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13; providing a protective layer (a first protective layer 121 and / or a second protective layer 122); and removing the mask.

[0102] In some embodiments, the mask can not only cover the surface area of ​​the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13, but also cover the bottom area of ​​the P2 trench and the P3 trench. The number of masks can be more than one to cover different areas according to process requirements.

[0103] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, laser etching can produce a finer scribing area. Currently, laser scribing has gradually replaced other scribing methods and become the main scribing method. When laser etching is used, after the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 are scribed in the thickness direction X to form grooves (first grooves 101 and / or second grooves 102), when setting the protective layer, a mask is set on the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13. The mask can block the portion where the protective layer (first protective layer 121 and / or second protective layer 122) does not need to be set, exposing the portion where the protective layer is to be set, so that the protective layer is only deposited in the grooves, which can reasonably avoid the surface position of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 where the protective layer does not need to be set.

[0104] In some embodiments, before the step of setting a protective layer (first protective layer 121 and / or second protective layer 122), it also includes: surface treatment of the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 to form a hydrophilic interface, and the contact angle of the hydrophilic interface to the protective layer is less than or equal to 30 degrees.

[0105] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 is surface treated to form a hydrophilic interface, and then grooves are formed in the thickness direction X of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13. Then, a protective layer is provided. Since the protective layer cannot infiltrate the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13, the protective layer is only deposited in the grooves (the first groove 101 and / or the second groove 102). In the embodiment of the present application, the protective layer is only deposited in the grooves by surface treating the surface of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 to form a hydrophilic interface, which can reasonably avoid the surface positions of the functional layer 11 and / or the top electrode layer 13 where the protective layer is not required.

[0106] See Figure 5 , the present application also provides an electrical device 1000, comprising the solar cell assembly 100 as described above.

[0107] In the present application, the solar cell module 100 serves as a power source for the above-mentioned electrical device 1000; alternatively, the solar cell module 100 can serve as an energy storage unit for the above-mentioned electrical device 1000. As an example, the electrical device 1000 can be a lighting element, a display element, or a car.

[0108] See Figure 6 The present application further provides a power generation device 2000, comprising the aforementioned solar cell module 100. The power generation device 2000 may comprise the solar cell module 100 and an energy storage device, which may be a secondary battery.

[0109] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present application and its applications. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0110] The features and performance of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0111] Take the preparation of CsPbBr3 quantum dots as an example:

[0112] Step 1: Prepare 0.8g of cesium oleate precursor: Place 0.8g of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), 2.5mL of oleic acid, 32mL of octadecene (ODE) and a magnetic stirrer in a three-necked flask. Oleic acid allows the cesium element in cesium carbonate to react fully, so the amount should be appropriate. Pass nitrogen for 10 minutes, raise the temperature to 120°C, and stir under nitrogen for 30 minutes; then raise the temperature to 150°C until the mixture becomes a light brown solution. Stir under nitrogen for 60 minutes and preheat it to 100°C for later use.

[0113] Step 2: Preparation of the PbBr2 precursor: Place 0.7 mmol of lead bromide (PbBr2), 2.8 mL of oleic acid and oleylamine, 40 mL of octadecene, and a magnetic stirrer in a three-necked flask. Evacuate the solution until no bubbles appear on the surface. The temperature controller is set in three steps: first, raise the temperature to 120°C over 20 minutes and stir under nitrogen for 30 minutes; then, raise the temperature to 160°C over 15 minutes and stir under nitrogen for 15 minutes; and finally, raise the temperature to 185°C over 10 minutes and hold for 5 minutes.

[0114] Step 3: Synthesis of CsPbBr3 quantum dots: 4 mL of cesium precursor was extracted and injected into the PbBr2 precursor, stirred for 30 seconds to allow for full reaction, and the mixture was placed in a cold water tank for further purification.

[0115] Step 4: Purification of CsPbBr3 quantum dots: Mix 28 mL of ethyl acetate with CsPbBr3 quantum dots and centrifuge at 9000 rpm for 7 minutes; add 18 mL of n-hexane to the centrifuge tube to disperse the quantum dot precipitate, and place it in an ultrasonic instrument for cleaning for 5 minutes, add 8 mL of ethyl acetate for cleaning, and repeat this process twice; finally, weigh the quantitative precipitate and disperse it in 15 mL of n-hexane for testing.

[0116] It should be noted that the preparation processes of other quantum dots such as FAPbI3 and CsPbI3 can refer to the above method and will not be repeated here.

[0117] Example 1

[0118] (1) Take a 5 cm × 5 cm piece of FTO conductive glass and laser etch P1. Then, ultrasonicate it with deionized water, detergent, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethanol, and deionized water for 20 min, blow dry it with N2, and set aside.

[0119] (2) Preparation of hole transport layer: NiOx nanoparticles were dispersed in deionized water to form a 10 mg / mL solution, which was spin-coated on a 5 cm × 5 cm FTO substrate at a speed of 3000 rpm. The solution was annealed at 300 °C for 15 min and cooled naturally to obtain a hole transport layer with a thickness of 15 nm for use.

[0120] (3) Preparation of perovskite layer: After the NiOx substrate was treated with UV ozone for 15 min, the surface was cleaned and an appropriate amount of 1 mol / L FA was taken. 0.9 Cs 0.02 MA 0.08 The PbI3 perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated at a speed of 4000 rpm for 20 seconds to prepare a wet film, vacuumed for 30 seconds, annealed on a hot plate at 120°C for 45 minutes, and naturally cooled to obtain a perovskite light-absorbing layer with a thickness of 500 nm.

[0121] (4) Preparation of electron transport layer: On the perovskite light absorption layer, a 20 mg / mL PCBM / chlorobenzene solution was statically spin-coated for 20 seconds and a 20 mg / mL BCP / isopropanol solution was dynamically spin-coated for 20 seconds at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm to obtain a BCP thickness of 25 nm, forming an electron transport layer with a thickness of 10 nm.

[0122] (5) Preparation of perovskite quantum dot protective layer: laser etching P2, taking an appropriate amount of 0.5 mol / L CsPbI3 solution, and then using a spin coating process at a speed of 5000 rpm to form a CsPbI3 quantum dot protective layer with a thickness of 1 nm. The CsPbI3 solution is a solution of CsPbI3 in chlorobenzene;

[0123] (6) Preparation of the top electrode layer: A Cu electrode layer with a thickness of 100 nm was deposited by thermal evaporation to obtain a solar cell module, and P3 was laser etched to complete the preparation of the cell module.

[0124] Example 2

[0125] Similar to Example 1, except that:

[0126] Step (5) of Example 1 was adjusted as follows: Preparation of perovskite quantum dot protective layer: laser etching P2, taking an appropriate amount of 0.1 mol / L FAPbI3 solution, and then forming a FAPbI3 quantum dot protective layer with a thickness of 0.1 nm by spin coating at a speed of 5000 rpm.

[0127] Example 3

[0128] Similar to Example 1, except that:

[0129] Step (5) of Example 1 is adjusted as follows: Preparation of perovskite quantum dot protective layer: laser etching P2, taking an appropriate amount of CsPbI3 powder, and then using a vacuum thermal evaporation process with a heating rate of 5°C / min, heating to 300°C, opening the baffle to start depositing the CsPbI3 quantum dot protective layer with a thickness of 50nm.

[0130] Example 4

[0131] Step (5) of Example 1 was adjusted as follows: Preparation of perovskite quantum dot protective layer: laser etching P2, taking an appropriate amount of 1 mol / L CsPbBr3 solution, and then forming a CsPbBr3 quantum dot protective layer with a thickness of 100 nm by spin coating at a speed of 5000 rpm.

[0132] Comparative Example 1

[0133] Similar to Example 1, the difference is that step (5) is removed and the quantum dot protection layer is not provided.

[0134] The battery devices 1-5 obtained in the above Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to battery performance tests, and Table 1 was obtained.

[0135] 1. Photoelectric conversion efficiency test method:

[0136] Under standard simulated sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW / cm 2 ) irradiation, the battery performance is tested and the IV curve is obtained. According to the IV curve and the data fed back by the test equipment, the short-circuit current Jsc (unit: mA / cm 2 ), open-circuit voltage Voc (V), maximum optical output current Jmpp (mA), and maximum optical output voltage Vmpp (V). The cell's fill factor (FF) (in %) is calculated using the formula FF = Jsc × Voc / (Jmpp × Vmpp). The cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) (in %) is calculated using the formula PCE = Jsc × Voc × FF / Pw, where Pw represents the input power (in mW).

[0137] 2. Test method for photoelectric conversion efficiency after 1000 hours in atmospheric environment and dark state:

[0138] At a temperature of 25° C. and a humidity of less than 20% RH, the battery was placed in a dark environment for 1000 hours, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery device was tested using the same test method as described above.

[0139] Table 1 Battery performance test (IV test)

[0140]

[0141] It can be seen from the relevant data in Table 1 that the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery devices 1-4 of Examples 1-4, which all use a quantum dot protective layer, is basically the same as the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery device 5 of Comparative Example 1. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency after 1000 hours in the atmospheric environment and in the dark state is higher than that of the battery device 5 of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the present application sets a quantum dot protective layer on the surface of the functional layer facing the groove, thereby isolating the water and oxygen in the atmospheric environment from damaging the light-absorbing layer and improving the stability of the solar cell module.

[0142] The initial photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery device 1-3 of Example 1-3 is higher than the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery device 4 of Example 4. At the same time, the photoelectric conversion efficiency after 1000 hours in the atmospheric environment and dark state is also higher than that of the battery device 4 of Example 4. The present application sets a quantum dot protective layer with a thickness of 0.1nm-50nm on the surface of the functional layer facing the groove, which isolates the water and oxygen in the atmospheric environment from damaging the light-absorbing layer, thereby further improving the stability of the solar cell assembly.

[0143] The above description is only an implementation method of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the description and drawings of this application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that: The solar cell assembly includes a groove, wherein the groove at least penetrates the functional layer in the thickness direction, the functional layer at least includes a light absorbing layer, and the solar cell assembly includes quantum dots, wherein the quantum dots are located in the groove, and the quantum dots are at least arranged on the side of the functional layer to form a protective layer and / or fill the groove.

2. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein The solar cell assembly also includes a top electrode layer, which is arranged on the functional layer. The groove includes a first groove, and the protective layer includes a first protective layer, wherein the first groove penetrates the functional layer along the thickness direction, and the quantum dots are located in the first groove and are arranged on the surface of the functional layer facing the first groove to form the first protective layer.

3. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, wherein: The top electrode layer comprises: A first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, wherein the first portion is disposed on the functional layer, and the second portion is located in the first groove and is disposed on a surface of the first protection layer away from the functional layer.

4. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The solar cell assembly also includes a top electrode layer, which is arranged on the functional layer, the groove includes a second groove, and the protective layer includes a second protective layer, wherein the second groove penetrates the functional layer and the top electrode layer along the thickness direction, and the quantum dots are located in the second groove and are at least arranged on the surface of the functional layer facing the second groove to form the second protective layer.

5. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The thickness direction of the solar cell assembly is a first direction, the extension direction of the solar cell assembly is a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and in the second direction, the thickness of the protective layer is 0.1 nm-50 nm.

6. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The solar cell assembly further includes a top electrode layer, which is disposed on the functional layer. The groove includes a second groove, wherein the second groove penetrates the functional layer and the top electrode layer along a thickness direction, and the quantum dots are filled in the second groove.

7. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The quantum dots are also located on the surface of the functional layer facing away from the groove to form an enhanced protection layer.

8. The solar cell assembly according to claim 7, wherein: The thickness direction of the solar cell assembly is a first direction, the extension direction of the solar cell assembly is a second direction, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular, and in the second direction, the thickness of the enhanced protective layer is 0.1 nm-10 nm.

9. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein The quantum dots are further located on the surface of the functional layer away from the bottom electrode layer and / or the surface of the top electrode layer away from the bottom electrode layer to form an additional layer.

10. The solar cell assembly according to claim 9, wherein: In the thickness direction of the solar cell component, the thickness of the additional layer is 0.1 nm-50 nm.

11. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein The light absorbing layer is made of a first perovskite material, the quantum dots are made of a second perovskite material, and the first perovskite material and the second perovskite material are the same or different.

12. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein The average particle size of the quantum dots is less than or equal to 10 nm.

13. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: The quantum dots include a lead halide compound.

14. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein The quantum dots include at least one of FAPbI3, CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3.

15. A method for preparing a solar cell module, characterized in that: include: Providing a solar cell module substrate, the substrate comprising at least a functional layer; providing a groove, wherein the groove penetrates the functional layer along a thickness direction; Quantum dots are provided, and the quantum dots are located in the grooves. The quantum dots are at least provided on the side surfaces of the functional layer to form a protective layer and / or fill the grooves.

16. The method for preparing a solar cell module according to claim 15, wherein: After the step of setting the quantum dots, the method further includes: Disposing a top electrode layer, the top electrode layer comprising a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, the first portion being disposed on the functional layer, and the second portion being disposed on a surface of the protective layer away from the functional layer; The step of arranging the quantum dots is as follows: the quantum dots are located in the grooves, and the quantum dots are at least arranged on the side surfaces of the functional layer to form a protective layer.

17. The method for preparing a solar cell module according to claim 15, wherein: Before the step of setting the groove, the method further includes: Providing a top electrode layer, wherein the top electrode layer is located on the surface of the functional layer; The step of providing a groove, wherein the groove penetrates the functional layer along the thickness direction, is as follows: A groove is provided, wherein the groove penetrates the functional layer and the top electrode layer along a thickness direction.

18. An electrical device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 14 or a solar cell module prepared by the method for preparing a solar cell module according to any one of claims 15 to 17.

19. A power generation device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 14 or a solar cell module prepared by the method for preparing a solar cell module according to any one of claims 15 to 17.

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