Use of erythritol in deterring coleopteran pests of potato

Abstract

The present application relates to the application of erythritol in avoiding potato coleopteran pests, and belongs to the technical field of pest repellents. When used as a repellent, erythritol can effectively avoid potato beetles and potato ladybugs under the premise that the potato leaves are not damaged, thereby reducing the harm caused by potato beetles and potato ladybugs to potatoes. The method is simple to operate, safe, and low in material price, and is suitable for popularization and application.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the application of erythritol in avoiding potato coleopteran pests, and belongs to the technical field of pest repellents. BACKGROUND

[0002] Potatoes are the fourth largest food crop in the world due to their high yield, strong adaptability, rich nutrition, and other characteristics, and are used as food and high-quality feed, and as raw materials for food processing and various industries. However, potatoes are susceptible to a variety of pests during the entire growth process.

[0003] The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) and the 28-spotted potato ladybird (Paederus fuscipes Motschulsky) are two important coleopteran pests that seriously harm potatoes and other Solanaceae crops. Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata The Colorado potato beetle is one of the most destructive potato pests in the world and is a devastating leaf-eating pest. Both adults and larvae feed on potato leaves, often eating the leaves completely, leaving only the leaf veins, forming "light poles". In severe cases, the leaves of the entire field of potato plants can be eaten in a short time, and the pest has a very strong feeding ability. The Colorado potato beetle has an amazing reproductive capacity, with multiple generations per year and easy long-distance transmission with agricultural products and transportation tools. It is also resistant to chemical pesticides, making it extremely difficult to control. The 28-spotted potato ladybird (Paederus fuscipes Motschulsky) adults and larvae can also cause damage. The larvae mainly eat the leaf flesh of Solanaceae crops such as potatoes, eggplants, and tomatoes, forming many parallel transparent linear lines, and also damage fruits (such as eggplants and tomatoes) and tender stems. Adults and larger larvae eat leaves, leaving only leaf veins. Although it usually does not eat the entire plant in a short time like the Colorado potato beetle, continuous damage can weaken plant growth, reduce photosynthetic efficiency, and affect the yield and quality of tubers or fruits. Both are important potato coleopteran pests, and effective control measures are urgently needed.

[0004] ​Currently, the prevention and control measures of potato pests include strengthening quarantine, crop rotation, artificial insect catching, etc. In addition, it mainly relies on chemical insecticides, but this mode is facing severe challenges. Studies have shown that due to the intensification of potato production and the scale of planting, the evolution of pest resistance is accelerated, and the potato beetle has developed resistance to many insecticides, including neonicotinoids, pyrethroids and other mainstream pesticides. In addition, the sensitivity of the potato ladybug to conventional pesticides has also shown a downward trend in Asian production areas. This resistance not only increases the cost of prevention and control, but also forces farmers to increase the dosage of pesticides frequently, forming a vicious cycle of increasing pesticide dosage leading to stronger resistance and further reliance on pesticides (Complexities in the implementation and maintenance of integrated pest management in potato[J]. Gao Y, Alyokhin A, Prager S M, et al. Annual Review of Entomology, 2024, 70.).

[0005] Repellents are substances that can make pests actively avoid target areas. In integrated pest management (IPM), the advantages of repellents are further highlighted. Unlike insecticides that directly kill pests, repellents interfere with the olfactory or visual systems of pests, reducing their contact probability with crops, and reducing damage from the source, which is particularly important for pests such as the potato beetle that have developed resistance to insecticides.

[0006] Erythritol is a natural sugar alcohol, its scientific name is 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl alcohol, its molecular formula is C4H 10 O4, its molecular weight is 122.1198, and its structure is as shown in formula I. Studies have shown that it has stomachic or antifeeding effects on some insects (flies, termites, cockroaches), and its main mechanism of action is lethal starvation, dehydration effect, etc.

[0007]

[0008] Formula I.

[0009] Currently, there is still a blank in the research of erythritol in the prevention and control of potato coleopteran pests, but there is evidence that it is biologically safe and environmentally compatible: it is widely used as a food additive and is non-toxic to mammals, and it can be naturally degraded in soil and will not cause residual pollution. The present application not only provides a new green prevention and control scheme for potato pests, but also provides a reference for the management of pests of other solanaceous crops, and promotes the upgrading of IPM technology in the entire solanaceous industry chain. SUMMARY

[0010] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides the application of erythritol in repelling potato coleopteran pests.

[0011] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0012] Application of erythritol in repelling potato coleopteran pests.

[0013] According to the present application, the potato coleopteran pests include potato beetles and potato ladybugs.

[0014] According to the present application, the crop targeted by the application is potato.

[0015] Application of erythritol in preparing a potato coleopteran pest repellent.

[0016] According to the present application, the potato coleopteran pests include potato beetles and potato ladybugs.

[0017] A potato coleopteran pest repellent, comprising an effective amount of erythritol.

[0018] According to the present application, the potato coleopteran pests include potato beetles and potato ladybugs.

[0019] According to the present application, the dosage form of the potato coleopteran pest repellent is a liquid preparation, and the concentration of erythritol is 30-40 mg / mL.

[0020] Further preferably, the concentration of erythritol is 36 mg / mL.

[0021] According to the present application, the method for using the potato coleopteran pest repellent is foliar spraying, and the spraying amount is 20-40 μL / cm 2 , and the spraying is uniform.

[0022] Advantages:

[0023] When used as a repellent, erythritol can effectively repel potato beetles and potato ladybugs while ensuring that the potato leaves are not damaged, thereby reducing the harm caused by potato beetles and potato ladybugs to potatoes. This method is simple to operate, safe, and low in material cost, and is suitable for popularization and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a state diagram of potato beetle feeding on potato leaves at 0h, 6h, and 12h;

[0025] Figure 2 Figure 2 is a columnar chart of the leaf area of potato beetles every half hour; t=3.769, df=32, p<0.01;

[0026] Figure 3The state diagram of potato ladybird feeding potato leaves at 0h, 6h, 12h;

[0027] Figure 4 The Y-type olfactometer experiment schematic diagram;

[0028] Figure 5 The Y-type olfactometer experiment results; wherein a is the number distribution pie chart of different treatment groups, and b is the number statistical chart of water treatment control group and erythritol treatment group;

[0029] Figure 6 The state diagram of potato ladybird feeding tomato leaves at 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h;

[0030] Figure 7 The state diagram of potato ladybird feeding pepper leaves at 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in combination with examples and the drawings of the specification, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto.

[0032] The contents not marked with specific conditions in the examples are carried out according to the conventional conditions; the reagents or instruments used are not marked with the manufacturers, and are all ordinary commercially available products.

[0033] Preparation of erythritol solution: 3.6g of erythritol was dissolved in 100mL of deionized water to obtain erythritol solution at room temperature.

[0034] Selection of insect source and plant: uniform potato beetles or potato ladybird adults were selected, and were used after being starved for 24h; the plants used in the experiment were potatoes (Enshi potatoes, variety: Malco), and the planting method was to cut the potatoes into blocks, plant the potato blocks with eye buds in nutrient soil (Tuoku, Shouguo Yixian Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.), cover the soil, and appropriately water, and then use them after they grow into seedlings.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Potato beetle feeding experiment on potato leaves

[0037] Select potato plants with good growth, cut their leaves along the petiole, and spray the above prepared erythritol solution, the spraying amount is 40μL / cm 2, sprayed evenly. To prevent the leaves from wilting due to lack of water during the experiment, soaked cotton wool and wrapped the petioles. The sprayed leaves were then placed in 90mm petri dishes and placed at room temperature. Three parallel groups were set up: treatment group 1, treatment group 2, and treatment group 3. The control group was sprayed with water and treated in the same way. Three parallel groups were set up: control group 1, control group 2, and control group 3. After the treatment, a potato beetle of the same size was placed in each petri dish. The growth status of the leaves and the degree of biting by the potato beetles were observed and photographed every half hour to record the growth status and the degree of biting by the potato beetles. The average leaf area eaten every half hour was calculated to determine the repellent effect of the erythritol solution on the potato beetles. The observation was continuous for 12 hours.

[0038] The results are as follows Figure 1 、 Figure 2 The results showed that the area of ​​potato beetles bitten on leaves in the control group was significantly greater than that in the treatment group (P<0.01). Observation of leaf photos showed that over time, the degree of damage to leaves in the control group was significantly higher than that in the treatment group, indicating that spraying erythritol solution on potato leaves has a significant repellent effect on potato beetles, effectively reducing their feeding on potato leaves.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Experiment on feeding of potato beetles on potato leaves

[0041] Potato plants with good growth were selected, their leaves were cut along the petioles, and the above-prepared erythritol solution was sprayed respectively. The spraying method and spraying amount were the same as in Example 1. In order to prevent the leaves from withering due to lack of water during the experiment, absorbent cotton was soaked and wrapped around the petioles. The sprayed leaves were then placed in a 90 mm culture dish and placed at room temperature. Three parallel groups were set up, namely treatment group 1, treatment group 2, and treatment group 3; the control group was sprayed with water and treated in the same way. Three parallel groups were set up, namely control group 1, control group 2, and control group 3. After the treatment, two potato beetles of the same size were placed in each culture dish. The growth status of the leaves and the degree of biting by the potato beetles were observed and photographed every half an hour to record the effect of the erythritol solution on the repellency of the potato beetles. The observation was continued for 12 hours.

[0042] The results are as follows Figure 3 As shown in the data, the leaves in the control group were more severely damaged and yellowed by the potato beetles, while the leaves in the treatment group were less damaged, indicating that spraying erythritol solution has a certain repellent effect on potato beetles, which can significantly reduce their feeding on potato leaves and delay the yellowing and wilting of leaves.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] Y-type olfactometer experiment

[0045] A Y-shaped olfactometer was used to measure the behavioral responses of potato beetles to potato plants sprayed with an erythritol solution. The control group consisted of potato plants treated with water, while the treated group consisted of potato plants treated with an erythritol solution. The spraying method and spray rate were the same as in Example 1. The test was conducted after a 2-hour wait period after the plants were treated. The Y-shaped olfactometer was placed in a square kitchen with an open front and illuminated by a horizontal fluorescent lamp 25 cm above it. The two arms of the Y-shaped olfactometer were connected to a flavor source bottle via Teflon tubing. Two groups of potato plants in the four- to five-leaf stage treated with the above steps were placed in the flavor source bottle. The flower pots were removed and the soil balls were tightly wrapped with aluminum foil. Before the airflow entered the flavor source bottle, it passed through an activated carbon filter and a color-changing silica gel bottle to purify the air and control the air humidity. During the measurement, the potato beetles were introduced into the straight tube of the Y-shaped olfactometer, and the behavioral responses of the potato beetles were recorded over a 5-minute period.

[0046] The selection criteria are as follows: when a potato beetle crawls to the selection area of ​​a certain arm and stays in the arm for more than 1 minute or reaches the exit, the beetle is recorded as having made a choice of the odor source of the arm; if the beetle has not made a choice after 5 minutes of introduction, the behavioral observation of the beetle is terminated and recorded as not having made a choice. The entire measurement process is carried out indoors at (27±2)°C. For every 5 potato beetles measured, the Y-type olfactometer is changed in position, and the Y-type olfactometer is cleaned with 95% ethanol and blown dry with hot air and cooled. The schematic diagram of the specific experiment is shown in the figure below. Figure 4 shown.

[0047] The experimental results are as follows Figure 5 As shown in Figures a and b, of the 76 tested potato beetles, 36 chose neither, 33 chose the water-treated control, and only 7 chose the erythritol-treated group, a significant difference. Since erythritol has no volatile odor at room temperature, this experiment suggests that when applied to potato plants, it induces the plants to produce a specific odor, effectively repelling potato beetles.

[0048] Combined with the results of the leaf feeding experiment, erythritol solution has a good repellent effect on both potato beetles and potato ladybugs, and can reduce the pests' feeding behavior on leaves.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] Experiment on feeding of potato beetles on tomato leaves

[0051] Tomato plants (Zhongza No. 9) with good growth were selected and their leaves were cut along the petiole. To prevent the leaves from wilting due to lack of water during the experiment, deionized water was placed in a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube. After soaking absorbent cotton, the petiole was wrapped and placed in the centrifuge tube. The treatment group was sprayed with an erythritol solution, while the control group was sprayed with deionized water. The spraying method and spraying rate were the same as in Example 1. The sprayed leaves were then placed in a 90 mm culture dish and left at room temperature. After the treatment was completed, two potato beetles of the same size were placed in each culture dish. The growth of the leaves and the extent of beetle feeding were observed and photographed every 24 hours to determine the repellent effect of the erythritol solution on the beetles. The observations were continued for 72 hours.

[0052] The results are as follows Figure 6 As shown, the degree of leaf damage in the treatment group and the control group was basically the same, indicating that spraying tomato leaves with erythritol solution failed to show a significant effect of repelling potato beetles.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] Experiment on feeding of potato beetles on pepper leaves

[0055] Selected pepper plants (Pepper chinensis) with good growth, their leaves were cut along the petiole. To prevent the leaves from wilting due to lack of water during the experiment, deionized water was placed in a 1.5mL centrifuge tube, and absorbent cotton was soaked and wrapped around the petiole. The petiole was placed in the centrifuge tube. The treatment group was sprayed with an erythritol solution, while the control group was sprayed with deionized water. The spraying method and spraying rate were the same as in Example 1. The sprayed leaves were then placed in a 90mm culture dish and placed at room temperature. After the treatment was completed, two potato beetles of the same size were placed in each culture dish. The growth of the leaves and the extent of the potato beetle feeding were observed and photographed every 24 hours to determine the repellent effect of the erythritol solution on the potato beetles. The observations were continued for 72 hours.

[0056] The results are as follows Figure 7 As shown, the degree of leaf damage in the treatment group and the control group was basically the same, indicating that spraying pepper leaves with erythritol solution failed to show a significant effect of repelling potato beetles.

[0057] The above examples show that spraying potato plants with erythritol solution can effectively repel potato coleopteran pests and has no adverse effect on the growth of potato plants. It can be widely used in green prevention and control of potato pests.

[0058] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of erythritol in repelling potato coleopteran pests is characterized in that: The potato coleopteran pests are potato beetles and potato ladybugs, and the crop targeted by the application is potato.

2. The use of erythritol in the preparation of a potato coleopteran pest repellent, characterized in that: The potato coleopteran pests are potato beetles and potato ladybugs, and the crop targeted by the application is potato.

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