Assembly type slope dike model experiment device and method

Abstract

The invention provides an assembly type slope embankment model experiment device and method, and is applied to the technical field of offshore engineering. When experiment verification is carried out on a slope embankment model assembled with a surface protection block body, a vertical supporting rod is installed on a bottom plate according to design parameters of the slope embankment model; determining the bottom position of the slope supporting rod from the vertical supporting rod according to the designed dike height and the designed gradient of the slope dike model, obliquely extending the slope supporting rod to the vertical supporting rod to form a supporting frame, mounting a slope dike surface on the slope supporting rod, and mounting a surface protecting block body on the slope dike surface to form the slope dike model. The complex processes of embankment building, embankment repairing and embankment clearing after the experiment are avoided, manpower and material resources are saved, the repeatability of the breakwater experiment is greatly improved, rapid adjustment of different breakwater parameter design working conditions is conveniently achieved, the convenience of evaluating the dynamic response of different breakwater parameters is improved, and the working efficiency of the breakwater experiment is improved. And the flexibility and the structural stability of the assembly type slope dike model experiment device are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of offshore engineering technology, and in particular to an assembled slope embankment model experimental device and method. Background Art

[0002] As the first barrier and core protective measure against offshore waves, slope breakwaters often pose a systemic threat to the safety and functionality of projects behind them. In severe cases, they can trigger a chain reaction and bring about huge disasters. Slope breakwaters are the most commonly used protective structures in port and coastal projects due to their advantages such as low requirements for foundation bearing capacity, availability of local materials, simple construction, easy repair after damage, and good wave absorption performance. Current experience with slope breakwater projects at home and abroad shows that the instability of slope breakwaters is usually caused by the loss of slope protection function of the outermost protective blocks, which in turn induces overall failure. The design of existing protective blocks is usually based on empirical formulas in standard specifications. When encountering harsh marine environmental conditions such as deep water, breaking waves, and long-period surges, the empirical formulas often show obvious limitations due to the simplification of the force mode, and corresponding model tests should be conducted to verify them.

[0003] Traditional model experiments on block-faced breakwaters usually involve building the core, various levels of stone cushions, and the face blocks in sequence according to specifications. The breakwater and bottom protection characteristics are then adjusted for each working condition. This is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is difficult to conveniently evaluate the dynamic response of different breakwater parameters.

[0004] Based on this, a new technical solution is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides an assembled slope embankment model experimental device and method.

[0006] This application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] According to the present application, a prefabricated slope embankment model experimental device is provided, comprising a face protection block, a slope embankment surface, a bottom plate, and a support frame;

[0008] The support frame includes a pair of vertical support rods and a pair of slope support rods; the bottom of the vertical support rods and the bottom of the slope support rods are both installed on the base plate, and the bottom position of the slope support rod is set at a preset position away from the bottom position of the vertical support rod, and the preset position is determined according to the design embankment height and design slope of the slope embankment model; the slope support rods extend obliquely from the base plate to the vertical support rods according to the design slope, and the slope support rods are on the same slope surface, so that the two slope support rods are used to install the slope embankment surface, and the slope embankment surface is installed with a protective face block.

[0009] Preferably, the base plate is an assembled integrated base plate, and the assembled base plate includes a pair of parallel base rods, which are connected by fixed rigid connections; the vertical support rods include vertical support members and vertical support members; the vertical support members are respectively installed on the base rods, and the vertical support members can be lifted and lowered on the vertical support members; the slope support rod includes a slope support member and a slope support member, the bottom of the slope support member is movably installed on the base rod along the rod direction of the base rod, and the slope support member is obliquely and slidably installed on the slope support member, so that the extended end of the slope support member cooperates with the vertical support member to abut against the vertical support member.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom rod includes a basic base plate and a guide plate vertically fixed on the basic base plate, and the guide plate extends in a direction parallel to the basic base plate; the guide plate is provided with a plurality of mounting connectors for installing the slope support member and / or the vertical support member along its own extension direction, and the setting position of the mounting connector corresponding to the slope support member is selected according to the adjustment of the designed embankment height, and the setting position of the mounting connection corresponding to the vertical support member is selected according to the designed slope.

[0011] Preferably, the vertical support member includes a vertical support piece and a vertical extension piece, the vertical support piece supports the extended end of the slope support rod, the vertical extension piece is vertically connected to the supporting back side of the vertical support piece, and the vertical extension piece extends vertically following the vertical support piece; the vertical support member includes a vertical support piece and a vertical fixing piece, and the vertical fixing piece is installed on the bottom rod; the supporting back side fits and can be raised and lowered on the vertical support piece so that the vertical support piece can limit the vertical extension piece; the vertical fixing piece is vertically connected to the fitting back side of the vertical support piece, and the vertical fixing piece extends vertically following the vertical support piece, so that the vertical fixing piece can limit the vertical support piece.

[0012] Preferably, a balancing leg is also installed on the vertical fixing plate, and the balancing leg is automatically triggered to unfold according to the slope adjustment of different slope embankment surfaces.

[0013] Preferably, a positioning slider is formed at the end of the slope support member, and a sliding groove is formed at the end of the slope support member that can slide with the insert block. The bottom end of the lower plane of the slope support member linearly supports the bottom rod, and the top end of the lower plane of the slope support member linearly supports the vertical support member, and the upper plane of the slope support member is flush with the upper plane of the slope support member.

[0014] Preferably, the sloped embankment surface is an assembled sloped embankment surface;

[0015] The assembled slope embankment includes a plurality of base plates, each of which has a limiting hole on its back side. The slope support rod is provided with a plurality of limiting blocks along its rod direction that cooperate with the limiting holes to achieve the arrangement and positioning of the base plates.

[0016] The substrate on the assembled slope embankment includes a top substrate, a middle substrate and a bottom substrate; the top substrate is located in the top area of ​​the slope support member, the bottom substrate is located in the bottom area of ​​the slope support member, and the middle substrate is connected between the top substrate and the bottom substrate;

[0017] The upper side of the middle substrate extends with a lower pressing plate formed with the bottom substrate, and the lower pressing plate is flush with the back of the middle substrate. The lower sides of the top substrate and the lower sides of the middle substrate both extend with upper pressing plates that fit and splice adjacent lower pressing plates.

[0018] Preferably, the experimental device further comprises an assembled bottom protection, and the assembled bottom protection is arranged on the bottom plate;

[0019] The assembled bottom protection includes multiple segmented bottom protections spliced ​​along the length direction of the bottom rod. The segmented bottom protections are inclined away from the slope embankment surface, and the ends of the segmented bottom protections close to the slope embankment surface are formed into inclined planes that cooperate with the slope embankment surface.

[0020] Preferably, the experimental device further comprises a wave collecting box, the wave collecting box comprising a box body, a guide trough plate and an overtopping amount monitoring device; the box body is assembled on the bottom plate, a water inlet is formed on the side of the box body, one end of the guide trough plate can be raised and lowered to the water inlet so that the other end of the guide trough plate is connected to the top of the sloped embankment;

[0021] A connecting portion is formed at the bottom of the guide trough plate, the connecting portion is connected to a patch that is in contact with the side of the box body and rises and falls with the guide trough plate, and a vertical pressing plate is provided on the box body along the lifting direction of the guide trough plate, the vertical pressing plate is located on the patch, and a fixing piece connected to the box body is provided on the vertical pressing plate, and the fixing piece is used to press the vertical pressing plate to fix the patch;

[0022] The overtopping amount monitoring device is located in the box.

[0023] According to a method for testing a prefabricated sloped embankment model, the present application also provides a method for testing a prefabricated sloped embankment model using any of the prefabricated sloped embankment model testing devices described above, comprising: determining design parameters for a proposed breakwater model; placing a base plate at a position more than three wavelengths away from a wave-generating device in a flume laboratory; adjusting the height of vertical support rods and the slope of sloped support rods in accordance with the design parameters, extending the sloped support rods to support the vertical support rods; laying a sloped embankment surface on the sloped support rods; and placing a face protection block on the sloped embankment surface.

[0024] Among them, the friction coefficient between the slope embankment surface and the protective blocks is determined by an impact rolling test. The impact rolling test uses waves as the dynamic condition and the particle size block embankment model experimental device is used as the blank control group. The block content and roundness of the precast concrete of the slope embankment surface are adjusted so that under the same protective block arrangement, the same wave action causes the block instability form to be consistent, and the instability error does not exceed 90%.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the at least one technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0026] When experimentally verifying a slope embankment model equipped with protective blocks, the present application installs vertical support rods on the bottom plate according to the design parameters of the slope embankment model, and determines the bottom position of the slope support rods from the vertical support rods according to the design embankment height and design slope of the slope embankment model, and then obliquely extends the slope support rods to the vertical support rods to form a support frame, installs a slope embankment surface on the slope support rods, and installs protective blocks on the slope embankment surface. The assembled slope embankment model avoids the tedious process of embankment construction, embankment repair and embankment clearing after the experiment, saves manpower and material resources, greatly improves the repeatability of the breakwater experiment, conveniently realizes the rapid adjustment of different breakwater parameter design conditions, improves the convenience of evaluating the dynamic response of different breakwater parameters, and improves the flexibility and structural stability of the assembled slope embankment model experimental device. In addition, the assembled slope embankment model is parametrically assembled according to the design parameters to reduce random factors and subjective errors, so that reliability and accuracy can be guaranteed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 It is the assembly integrated base plate diagram of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the quickly adjustable support frame of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is the surface diagram of the assembled slope embankment of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 It is the fabricated bottom protection diagram of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the guide trough of the wave collecting box of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 This is the main structure diagram of the wave collecting box of this application;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the wave collecting box separation and automated monitoring equipment of this application.

[0036] Reference numerals: 1, slope embankment; 2, bottom plate; 3, support frame; 4, assembled bottom protection; 5, wave collecting box; 6, guide trough plate; 7, surface protection block; 8, overtopping amount monitoring equipment; 9, mounting connector corresponding to vertical support member; 10, mounting connector corresponding to slope support member; 11, fixed rigid connection; 12, balance leg; 13, slope support rod; 14, vertical support rod; 15, limit block; 16, Top base plate; 17. Limiting hole; 18. Bottom base plate; 19. Middle base plate; 20. Edge segment; 21. Middle segment; 22. Water inlet; 23. Fixing part; 24. Vertical press-fit plate; 25. Guide side plate; 26. Guide bottom plate; 27. Mounting plate; 28. Flow channel; 29. ​​Vertical support member; 30. Vertical support member; 31. Slope support member; 32. Slope support member; 33. Bottom rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The following describes the embodiments of the present application through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the following embodiments and embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] It should be noted that various aspects of the embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on this application, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that an aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number and aspect described herein can be used to implement an apparatus and / or practice a method. In addition, other structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects described herein can be used to implement this apparatus and / or practice this method.

[0040] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present application. The illustrations only show components related to the present application and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component can be changed at will, and the component layout type may also be more complicated.

[0041] Additionally, in the following description, specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of the examples, however, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the examples can be practiced without these specific details.

[0042] The interconnected artificial blocks on the surface of a sloped breakwater possess excellent wave-absorbing properties and remain stable under wave action. However, under adverse sea conditions such as storm surges and long-period waves, the concrete blocks often experience localized shaking, displacement, and tumbling due to the rising and breaking of waves in front of the sloped breakwater. This in turn causes instability in other blocks and can ultimately lead to large-scale collapse and damage of the surface layer. The complexity of the block structure, the turbulent wave flow in front of the breakwater, and the uncertainty of its crushing behavior make research on the stability of sloped breakwater block structures under wave action of great scientific significance and application value.

[0043] Chinese invention patent publication number CN109736256A discloses a breakwater model with a variable slope angle and its experimental system. The model comprises a bottom support structure, a load-bearing slope hinged to one end of the bottom structure, a top plate disposed at the other end of the load-bearing slope, and a screw, one end of which is hinged to the load-bearing slope and the other end is fixed to the bottom support structure. The top plate is provided with a through hole through which the screw passes. The patent document states that during experiments, the screw can be used to conveniently and continuously adjust the slope to any angle between 20° and 90°, facilitating the study of the effect of angle changes on wave pressure distribution, maximum wave pressure, and its location of action. Furthermore, the model can observe the rise and breakup effects of waves on slopes with different angles, providing a foundation for breakwater design. The patent document is capable of continuously changing the slope inclination angle to study the relationship between different angles and the wave forces acting on the breakwater slope. The model comprises a top plate, a load-bearing slope, a screw, a bottom support structure, and a wave-breaking breast wall. One end of the lead screw is fixed to the bottom support structure, and the other end is connected to the load-bearing slope surface. The inclination angle of the load-bearing slope surface can be adjusted through the lead screw.

[0044] In view of this, the applicant conducted in-depth research and improvement exploration on the inclined breakwater model and found that the flexibility, accuracy and reusability of artificial breakwater construction are relatively poor. The randomness in the embankment construction process will affect the experimental conclusions to a certain extent, and thus affect the reproducibility and reliability of the model experiment. At the same time, after the completion of each working condition experiment, repairing the built embankment and clearing the residual embankment is also a huge workload, making it difficult to conveniently and effectively evaluate the structural dynamic response under different breakwater parameters.

[0045] Based on this, the technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] The embodiment of this specification proposes an assembled slope embankment model experimental device, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes a protective face block 7, a sloped embankment surface 1, a base plate 2, and a support frame 3. The support frame 3 includes a pair of vertical support rods 14 and a pair of sloped support rods 13. The bottoms of the vertical support rods 14 and the bottoms of the sloped support rods 13 are both mounted on the base plate 2. The bottoms of the sloped support rods 13 are set at a preset position relative to the bottoms of the vertical support rods 14. The preset position is determined based on the designed embankment height and designed slope of the sloped embankment model. The sloped support rods 13 extend obliquely from the base plate 2 to the vertical support rods 14 according to the designed slope, and the sloped support rods 13 are located on the same slope surface, so that the two sloped support rods 13 are used to mount the sloped embankment surface 1. The protective face block 7 is mounted on the sloped embankment surface 1. The protective face block 7 is, for example, a twist block.

[0047] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the base plate 2 is an assembled integrated base plate. The assembled base plate 2 includes a pair of parallel base bars 33 connected by a fixed rigid joint 11. The vertical support bars 14 include vertical support members 30 and vertical abutment members 29. The vertical support members 30 are respectively mounted on the base bars 33, and the vertical abutment members 29 are movably mounted on the vertical support members 30. The slope support bars 13 include slope support members 32 and slope abutment members 31. The bottom of the slope support member 32 is movably mounted on the base bar 33 along the rod direction of the base bar 33. The slope abutment member 31 is tilted and slidably mounted on the slope support member 32 so that the extended end of the slope abutment member 31 cooperates and abuts the vertical abutment member 29. The fixed rigid joint 11 is, for example, an L-shaped steel and is installed between the base bars 33.

[0048] The support frame 3 is a rapidly adjustable support frame. The rapidly adjustable support frame can be configured with different support angles to adjust the slope of the embankment, enhancing the flexibility and universality of model experiments. The rapidly adjustable support frame features a dual-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism. The vertical degree-of-freedom adjustment system consists of two single telescopic uprights. Through coordinated adjustment, multi-level vertical height adjustment is achieved. For example, this is achieved through different positioning interfaces in the vertical support system, with an adjustment range of 0.4m to 0.8m. The slope support rod 13 serves as an angle adjustment arm. The angle adjustment arm, in conjunction with an integrated base plate, controls the support surface angle in multiple levels, for example, within the recommended slopes of 1:1.2, 1:1.25, and 1:1.5, as commonly used in standard specifications. The rapidly adjustable support frame can be configured with different support angles to adjust the slope of the embankment, enabling slope changes in the breakwater model test device and enhancing the flexibility and universality of model experiments.

[0049] The integrated bottom plate is equipped with a built-in counterweight device that works with the main breakwater to resist wave energy. The counterweight device can be an X-shaped rod between the bottom rods 33. The X-shaped rod is installed between the vertical support rods 14 after the height of the vertical support rods 14 is determined, reinforcing the support frame 3.

[0050] The present application realizes rapid adjustment of breakwater parameters by assembling an integrated base plate with an adjustable support frame 3, solving the problems of repeated embankment construction and clearing, poor coordination between breakwater design parameters and actual models, and inaccurate positioning in traditional face-protection block 7 breakwater model experiments. It improves the flexibility and accuracy of face-protection block slope embankment model experiments, enriches the functionality of breakwater model experimental equipment, improves the reproducibility and reliability of model experiments, reduces the influence of random factors on experimental results during the embankment construction process, can effectively evaluate the wave dynamic response under different breakwater parameters, and provide a basis for related design, construction and theoretical research.

[0051] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the bottom rod 33 includes a basic base plate and a guide plate vertically fixed on the basic base plate, and the guide plate extends in a parallel direction to the basic base plate; a plurality of mounting connectors for mounting slope supports 32 and / or vertical supports 30 are provided on the guide plate along its own extension direction, and the setting position of the mounting connector 10 corresponding to the slope support is selected according to the adjustment of the designed embankment height, and the setting position of the mounting connector 9 corresponding to the vertical support is selected according to the designed slope.

[0052] The surface of the assembled integrated base plate is provided with a positioning network consisting of a positioning hole array and a standardized connection interface. The positioning hole array is formed at the positions corresponding to the installation connectors. The installation connectors are, for example, standardized connection interfaces and multi-form fixed interfaces. The multi-form fixed interfaces are, for example, a combination of snap-on quick-release slots and elastic limit columns, and bolt and nut fittings.

[0053] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the vertical support member 29 includes a vertical support piece and a vertical extension piece. The vertical support piece supports the extended end of the slope support rod 13. The vertical extension piece is vertically connected to the supporting back of the vertical support piece, and the vertical extension piece extends vertically following the vertical support piece; the vertical support member 30 includes a vertical support piece and a vertical fixing piece. The vertical fixing piece is installed on the bottom rod 33; the supporting back piece is fitted and can be raised and lowered on the vertical support piece so that the vertical support piece can limit the vertical extension piece; the vertical fixing piece is vertically connected to the fitted back of the vertical support piece, and the vertical fixing piece extends vertically following the vertical support piece, so that the vertical fixing piece can limit the vertical support piece.

[0054] The vertical support piece is provided with a positioning fixture 23, and the vertical abutment piece is vertically provided with multiple positioning holes corresponding to the fixtures 23. The positioning fixtures 23, such as bolts and nuts, pass through the positioning holes to lock the vertical positioning piece and the vertical abutment piece. Multiple positioning fixtures 23 are provided vertically on the vertical support piece to enhance the locking of the vertical abutment piece and the vertical support piece. This means that the vertical support system of the support frame 3 is quickly adjustable and equipped with different positioning bolts, suitable for forming vertical supports for breakwaters with different slopes.

[0055] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the vertical fixing plate is also equipped with a balancing leg 12, which is automatically triggered to deploy according to the slope of the slope embankment surface 1. The angle adjustment arm has a built-in sliding groove with telescopic and folding functions for coordinated adjustment of the slope embankment height and length, and automatically triggers the deployment of the balancing leg 12 according to the different slope adjustments.

[0056] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a positioning slider is formed at the end of the slope support member 32, and a sliding groove is formed at the end of the slope support member 31 that can slide with the insert block. The bottom end of the lower plane of the slope support member 32 linearly supports the bottom rod 33, and the top end of the lower plane of the slope support member 31 linearly supports the vertical support member 29, and the upper plane of the slope support member 32 is flush with the upper plane of the slope support member 31.

[0057] A locking piece is provided on the positioning slider, and a plurality of locking holes are opened on the slide groove along the sliding direction. The locking piece passes through the locking hole and is fixedly connected to the positioning slider. The locking piece is, for example, a bolt and can be installed in the middle position of the I-beam.

[0058] The slope support system of the support frame can be quickly adjusted. It adopts a modular splicing design and has a built-in slide with telescopic and folding functions. It is equipped with an integrated base plate and a slope embankment surface 1 to coordinately adjust the height and length of the slope embankment.

[0059] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the slope embankment 1 is a prefabricated slope embankment; the prefabricated slope embankment includes several base plates, each of which has a limiting hole 17 on the back of the embankment. The slope support rod 13 is provided with multiple limiting blocks 15 along its own rod, which cooperate with the limiting holes 17 to achieve the arrangement and positioning of the base plates. For example, the limiting blocks 15 can be built-in positioning and elastic limiting columns on both sides of a quickly adjustable support frame for installing the prefabricated slope embankment. In other words, the prefabricated slope embankment is composed of several segments, and each segment is rigidly limited by a quickly adjustable support frame. The limiting holes 17 on the base plate serve as a standardized connection interface set at the edge of the base plate.

[0060] Among them, the substrates on the assembled slope embankment include a top substrate 16, a middle substrate 19 and a bottom substrate 18; the top substrate 16 is located in the top area of ​​the slope support member 31, the bottom substrate 18 is located in the bottom area of ​​the slope support member 32, and the middle substrate 19 is connected between the top substrate 16 and the bottom substrate 18. There is at least one middle substrate 19, and the size of the middle substrate 19 is changed to adapt to the change in the slope length of the assembled slope embankment.

[0061] The upper side of the middle substrate 19 extends with a lower pressing plate formed with the bottom substrate 18, and the lower pressing plate is flush with the back of the middle substrate 19. The lower sides of the top substrate 16 and the lower sides of the middle substrate 19 both extend with upper pressing plates that fit and splice the adjacent lower pressing plates.

[0062] The friction coefficient between the prefabricated slope embankment surface and the twisted king-shaped blocks was determined by an impact roll-off test, in which waves were used as the dynamic condition, and a particle-sized block embankment model experimental device was used as the blank control group. The control group was a particle-sized block embankment model experimental device, and the adjustment method was the roughness of the precast concrete on the prefabricated slope embankment surface and the density of the precast blocks. The block content and roundness of the precast concrete on the prefabricated slope embankment surface were adjusted so that under the same twisted king-shaped block arrangement, the same wave action would cause the block instability to form the same form, and the instability error would not exceed 90%. The slope embankment surface is composed of precast concrete base plates calibrated by the impact roll-off test. The prefabricated slope embankment surface includes three types of precast concrete base plates, a wave pressure positioning identification system distributed on the base plate surface, and standardized connection interfaces set on the base plate edge.

[0063] The assembled slope embankment surface is overlapped by assembled concrete slabs and fixed by built-in limiting holes 17. The main body of the concrete slab is made of high-strength concrete. The length of the assembled slope embankment surface is adjustable and cooperates with the quickly adjustable support frame.

[0064] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the experimental device also includes an assembled bottom guard 4, and the assembled bottom guard 4 is arranged on the base plate 2; the assembled bottom guard 4 includes a plurality of segmented bottom guards spliced ​​along the length direction of the bottom rod 33, and the segmented bottom guards are arranged at an angle with their backs to the slope embankment surface 1, and the ends of the segmented bottom guards close to the slope embankment surface 1 are formed into inclined planes that match the slope embankment surface 1. The edge segments 20 of the assembled bottom guard 4 overlap the slope embankment surface, and the middle segment 21 serves as the main method for adjusting the design length of the bottom guard in front of the embankment. The assembled bottom guard 4 is integrated into the assembled base plate 2 according to a standard interface. The standard interface is, for example, a bolt. The assembled bottom guard 4 consists of two parts. The edge segment 20 overlaps the assembled slope embankment surface and the quickly adjustable support frame, and the middle segment 21 serves as the main method for adjusting the bottom guard length. The bottom of the bottom guard is integrated into the assembled integrated base plate, and the bottom guard serves as an assembled overlapping bottom guard.

[0065] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the experimental apparatus also includes a wave collecting box 5, which includes a box body, a guide trough plate 6, and an overtopping amount monitoring device 8. The box body is assembled on the bottom plate 2, and a water inlet 22 is formed on the side of the box body. One end of the guide trough plate 6 can be raised and lowered at the water inlet 22, so that the other end of the guide trough plate 6 is connected to the top of the sloped embankment surface 1. The overtopping amount monitoring device 8 is located in the box body. The overtopping amount monitoring device 8 is an automated overtopping amount monitoring device 8.

[0066] The bottom of the trough plate 6 is formed with a connection portion, which is connected to a patch that fits against the side of the box and rises and falls with the trough plate 6. A vertical pressing plate 24 is provided on the box along the direction of the trough plate 6's rise and fall. The vertical pressing plate 24 is located on the patch and is provided with a fixing member 23 connected to the box. The fixing member 23 is used to press the vertical pressing plate 24 to fix the patch. The bottom bottom bar 33 of the box also has an L-shaped steel fixed rigid connection 11 between them.

[0067] The precast concrete baseplate on the upper part of the prefabricated sloped embankment is fitted with the diversion device of the overtopping flow collection device, while the lower concrete baseplate is fitted with the prefabricated bottom protection 4. The intermediate segments are connected using standardized interfaces along the baseplate edges to form the main body of the sloped embankment 1. The precast concrete upper baseplate is fitted with the guide trough plate 6 of the overtopping flow collection device. The lower baseplate is adjusted to match the angle of the prefabricated bottom protection 4 to different slopes using a two-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism of the rapidly adjustable support frame. The remaining baseplates follow standardized connection interfaces along the baseplate edges to form the main body of the sloped embankment 1.

[0068] The wave collecting box 5 is connected to the breakwater via a guide channel 6, collecting default dimensioned values ​​of the overtopping wave volume at the breakwater crest in real time. The bottom of the wave collecting box 5 is integrated into the assembly integrated base plate, and a sealed area is provided around it to accommodate both flow and dry conditions behind the breakwater. For example, the sealed area is the area between the box and the sloped breakwater surface 1.

[0069] The breakwater side of the face block 7 can be provided with a water-proof side baffle, which is suitable for full-section and half-section breakwaters. When used for half-section breakwaters, the water-proof side baffle can effectively ensure the correct reflection response of the first reflection of the wave in front of the breakwater.

[0070] like Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the wave collecting box 5 consists of three parts. The guide bottom plate 26 of the guide trough plate 6 is directly connected to the main body of the wave collecting box 5 to form a direct channel for diversion. The guide side plate 25 serves as a limit for collecting the single-width overtopping amount and provides stable support for the guide trough in the horizontal direction. The connecting part serves as a supporting base plate 2, and an elastic limiting column and a fixing bolt are set at the rear as a vertical pressing plate 24 and a fixing member 23, which are used to connect with the limiting device of different heights of the wave collecting box 5 main body to meet the wave collecting needs at different vertical heights of the breakwater; the main part of the wave collecting box 5 is provided with a wave collecting inlet to adapt to the water content on both sides of the breakwater, and the main part of the wave collecting box 5 is provided with a vertically adjustable fixing interface and a positioning and limiting array toward the breakwater side, i.e., a vertical pressing plate 24 and a fixing member 23, to meet the wave collecting needs when the breakwater height is designed differently; the separated wave collecting main body directly receives the overtopping wave close to the breakwater part, and the middle is separated by a partition device with a flow channel 28 at the bottom, and the other side is a wave surface stable area. The automated monitoring equipment has an accuracy of 0.1mm in identifying wave surface changes and a transmission speed of 5s, which meets the real-time monitoring of single-wave overtopping of most natural periodic waves, and the monitoring results are transmitted to the equipment terminal in real time. The terminal equipment includes a mobile phone and a data processing computer.

[0071] The wave collecting box 5 includes a detachable wave collecting body, an automated monitoring device and a diversion device. The automated monitoring device is equipped with a distributed wave pressure monitor, a distributed wave height meter and an automated overtopping amount monitoring device. It is equipped with a quickly adjustable support frame to realize the wave pressure distribution at different positions on the slope of the embankment and at different suspension heights. It is equipped with an overtopping amount collection device to realize the real-time collection of stable single-wave overtopping amount.

[0072] One section of the guide trough plate 6 is connected to the separate wave collecting body near the breakwater, and another section is connected to the breakwater. This collects the single width value of the wave overtopping at the top of the levee in real time. The unit width is 0.1m. The guide trough plate 6 is fixed to the main body of the separate wave collecting box 5 with vertical graded bolts to meet the wave collection requirements at different breakwater vertical heights. The bottom of the wave collecting box 5 is integrated into the assembly integrated bottom plate, and a closed area is set around it to adapt to the flow conditions behind the levee and the waterless conditions behind the levee.

[0073] The support frame 3, prefabricated bottom protection 4, and wave collecting box 5 are assembled and integrated on the assembly integrated base plate to form multiple positioning segments to achieve rapid adjustment of different breakwater parameter design conditions. That is, the main structure of the assembly integrated base plate is composed of several positioning segments, and the positioning segments are connected by fixed rigid connections 11. The assembly integrated base plate is installed in the cross-section of the wave and current test tank. According to the breakwater slope, height, bottom protection length and wave collecting box 5 position in the model test plan, the various components are integrated on the base plate 2 to achieve rapid response of the model test device after the design parameters are adjusted. The combination of the quickly adjustable support frame and prefabricated bottom protection 4 can achieve rapid identification and installation of different slope embankment design sections, and the combination of the quickly adjustable support frame, prefabricated bottom protection 4 and wave collecting box 5 can be manually quickly identified and installed.

[0074] This application is an assembled, quickly adjustable protective block slope embankment model experimental device. The proposed experimental device and method greatly improve the flexibility, universality and reusability of the model experiment, and have great advantages in many aspects such as test preparation, test monitoring and reproduction.

[0075] The present specification also provides a method for testing a prefabricated slope embankment model, using any of the above-mentioned prefabricated slope embankment model testing devices, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the method includes: determining the design parameters of the proposed breakwater model; placing a bottom plate 2 at a position more than 3 wavelengths away from the wave-making device in the water tank laboratory, adjusting the height of the vertical support rods 14 and the slope of the slope support rods 13 in sequence according to the design parameters, and extending the slope support rods 13 to support the vertical support rods 14, laying a sloped embankment surface 1 on the sloped support rods 13, and setting a face protection block 7 on the sloped embankment surface 1.

[0076] Among them, the friction coefficient between the slope embankment surface 1 and the protective block 7 is determined by an impact rolling test. The impact rolling test uses waves as the dynamic condition and the particle size block embankment model experimental device is used as the blank control group. The block content and roundness of the precast concrete of the slope embankment surface 1 are adjusted so that under the same arrangement of the protective block 7, the same wave action causes the block instability form to be consistent, and the instability error does not exceed 90%.

[0077] The method adopts an assembled and rapidly adjustable face-block slope embankment model experimental device, comprising the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: When in use, the experimenter first determines the geometry, motion and dynamic similarity constants of the proposed breakwater model experiment based on the breakwater design parameters, ocean wave load environment, "Breakwater and Bank Protection Design Code" and other information; determines the breakwater geometric parameters of the proposed model test such as breakwater height, breakwater slope, face protection block weight, etc., and designs a specific adjustment plan for the quickly adjustable support frame, prefabricated bottom protection 4 and prefabricated slope embankment surface.

[0079] Step 2: Place the assembled integrated base plate at a suitable location in the water tank laboratory. It is recommended that the base plate 2 be placed at least three wavelengths away from the wave generator. Subsequently, the quickly adjustable support frame is adjusted according to the determined geometric similarity constant of the breakwater model test. Taking the geometric similarity ratio of 1:20 and the designed breakwater geometric size of 9m as an example, the designed embankment height of the slope embankment is adjusted through different positioning interfaces provided in the vertical support system, and the telescopic vertical pole is adjusted to the position of 0.45m. The different embankment top super-height Hc controls are achieved in conjunction with the change of water depth in front of the embankment; the slope of the slope embankment is adjusted by the angle adjustment arm in conjunction with the assembly of the integrated base plate. The designed breakwater slope is 1:1.25. The slope of the slope embankment is adjusted to 1:1.25 through the angle adjustment arm in conjunction with the assembly of the integrated base plate, and is fixed through the 1:1.25 positioning holes and standardized interfaces, elastic limit columns and snap-on quick-release slots on the assembly integrated base plate. Slope levels of 1:1.2, 1:1.25 and 1:1.5 are supported, and the deployment of the balancing legs 12 is automatically triggered according to different slope adjustments to ensure that the slope embankment maintains stability under wave loads. After adjusting the slope and height of the embankment, adjust the chute, which allows for quick adjustment of the support frame's slope and the system's built-in telescopic and folding functions, to coordinate the embankment's length. Once the support system is adjusted, lay the embankment's front retaining edge segments 20 according to the designed slope and embankment length. Lay the embankment's front retaining according to the designed slope and embankment length, selecting the number of prefabricated retainings based on the designed retaining length. The specific number of intermediate segments 21 of the prefabricated retainings 4 is also selected based on the designed breakwater's front retaining length.

[0080] Step 3: After the support system is overlapped, the upper precast concrete baseplate is arranged to align with the guide channel plate 6 of the overtopping flow collection device. The lower baseplate is matched to the edge of the prefabricated bottom protection 4 at 20° angles according to the dual-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism of the rapidly adjustable support frame for different slopes. The remaining baseplates form the main body of the sloped embankment surface 1 according to the standardized connection interfaces set on the baseplate edges. The friction coefficient between the prefabricated sloped embankment surface and the twisted king-shaped blocks is determined by impact rolling tests. The impact rolling tests use waves as the dynamic condition and a particle size block embankment model experimental device as a blank control group. The stone content and roundness of the precast concrete on the prefabricated sloped embankment surface are adjusted to ensure that the same twisted king-shaped block arrangement and the same wave action cause the block instability to form the same form, with the instability error not exceeding 90%.

[0081] Step 4: When there is a demand for wave collection, the main body of the wave collecting box 5 is arranged so that the separated wave collecting main body close to the breakwater directly receives the overtopping through the single-width overtopping amount wave collecting inlet, and is separated in the middle by a partition device with a flow passage 28 at the bottom. A real-time monitoring device for overtopping amount is arranged in the wave surface stability area on the other side, and the support bottom plate 2 of the guide device and the graded fixed interface and positioning and limiting array of the separate wave collecting box 5 main body are adjusted to match the elevation of the breakwater crest, that is, the graded fixing bolts of the guide device are adjusted to match the elevation of the breakwater crest.

[0082] Step 5: The model test device for the slope embankment with rapidly adjustable face blocks is set up. The slope embankment is subjected to wave rate and the corresponding wave and flow flume test is completed. After the completion of a single set of experiments, steps 1 to 4 are repeated to rapidly adjust the slope embankment of the face blocks 7 under other design working conditions.

[0083] The embodiment of this specification also discloses a wave collecting box with adjustable height, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, it includes a box body and a guide trough plate 6; a water inlet 22 is formed on the side of the box body, and one end of the guide trough plate 6 can be raised and lowered at the water inlet 22 so that the other end of the guide trough plate 6 is connected to the top of the slope embankment.

[0084] A connecting portion is formed at the bottom of the guide trough plate 6, and the connecting portion is connected to a patch that fits the side of the box and rises and falls with the guide trough plate 6, and a vertical crimping plate 24 is provided on the box along the lifting direction of the guide trough plate 6. The vertical crimping plate 24 is located on the patch, and a fixing part 23 connected to the box is provided on the vertical crimping plate 24. The fixing part 23 is used to crimp the vertical crimping plate 24 to fix the patch.

[0085] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the connection portion includes mounting plates 27 arranged on both sides of the bottom of the guide trough plate 6 , and two vertical pressing plates 24 are provided and are respectively located on both sides of the mounting plate 27 .

[0086] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, mounting plates 27 are formed on the patches, and patches are also formed between mounting plates 27 .

[0087] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the mounting plate 27 is perpendicular to the bottom of the guide trough plate 6 , and the width of the mounting plate 27 gradually increases from the bottom of the guide trough plate 6 along the guide direction of the guide trough, and the vertical crimping plate 24 clamps the mounting plate 27 at the maximum width.

[0088] In one embodiment, if Figure 7As shown, a plurality of fixing members 23 are vertically arranged on the vertical pressing plate 24 .

[0089] In one embodiment, if Figure 7 As shown, the fixing member 23 includes a bolt, and the head of the bolt is supported on the side of the vertical pressing plate 24 facing away from the box body, and the rod of the bolt passes through the vertical pressing plate 24 and is threadedly connected to the box body.

[0090] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the guide trough plate 6 includes a guide bottom plate 26 and guide side plates 25 located on both sides of the guide bottom plate 26 along the guide direction. The guide bottom plate 26 is connected to the top of the slope embankment. A reinforcement plate is connected between the bottom of the mounting plate 27 and the top of the guide side plates 25.

[0091] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a partition plate is provided in the middle of the box body to divide the box body into an overtopping receiving area containing a water inlet 22 and a wave surface stabilization area, and an overtopping amount monitoring device 8 is provided in the wave surface stabilization area.

[0092] In one embodiment, if Figure 8 As shown, a plurality of flow channels 28 are formed under the partition plate and are evenly arranged in a rectangular shape.

[0093] This application differs from the prior art in terms of structure and appearance, underlying principles, and research methods. This invention relates to the field of offshore engineering, distinct from the field of marine engineering experimental technology covered by the searched patent. While the slope embankment surface adjustment in this application includes a variable slope angle function, this application focuses on achieving coordinated adjustment of the slope embankment's slope and crest height through the assembly of an integrated base plate and a rapidly adjustable support frame. Furthermore, the slope embankment surface 1 is a prefabricated slope, and the friction coefficient of the prefabricated slope has been calibrated through impact rollover testing, satisfying the requirements for stability research on the protective blocks 7 on the slope embankment surface. Furthermore, the main structures of this application, including the assembled integrated base plate, rapidly adjustable support frame, bottom protection, wave collecting box 5, diversion trough, and protective blocks 7, differ significantly from those in the searched patent.

[0094] The present application integrates the support frame 3, the assembled bottom protection 4, and the wave collecting box 5 on the assembly integrated base plate through an assembly integrated base plate with built-in positioning logic. The assembled and modular design saves time and effort, can improve the flexibility and structural stability of the assembled slope embankment model experimental device, and thus conveniently realize the rapid adjustment of different breakwater parameter design working conditions; the present application forms vertical support for breakwaters of different slopes through a quickly adjustable vertical support system of the support frame, quickly adjusts the height and slope of the slope embankment, achieves the rapid realization of different breakwater design parameters, improves the efficiency and safety of the test work of the variable structure to enhance the working condition conversion; the wave collecting box 5 of the present application and the matching automated overtopping amount monitoring equipment 8 can realize real-time statistics of single-wave overtopping amount, and are suitable for different water conditions behind the embankment, improving the accuracy and timeliness of the automated equipment; the assembled slope embankment surface of the present application avoids the tedious process of embankment construction, embankment repair and embankment clearing after the experiment, saves manpower and material resources, greatly improves the repeatability of the breakwater experiment, and has the advantages of reuse and economy.

[0095] In this specification, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the embodiments described later, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the previous embodiments.

[0096] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An assembled slope embankment model experimental device, characterized in that: It includes facing blocks, slope embankment, bottom plate and supporting frame; The support frame includes a pair of vertical support rods and a pair of slope support rods; the bottom of the vertical support rods and the bottom of the slope support rods are both installed on the base plate, and the bottom position of the slope support rod is set at a preset position away from the bottom position of the vertical support rod, and the preset position is determined according to the design embankment height and design slope of the slope embankment model; the slope support rods extend obliquely from the base plate to the vertical support rods according to the design slope, and the slope support rods are on the same slope surface, so that the two slope support rods are used to install the slope embankment surface, and the slope embankment surface is installed with a protective face block.

2. The assembled slope embankment model experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The base plate is an assembled integrated base plate, and the assembled base plate includes a pair of parallel base rods, which are connected by fixed rigid connections; the vertical support rods include vertical support members and vertical support members; the vertical support members are respectively installed on the base rods, and the vertical support members can be lifted and lowered on the vertical support members; the slope support rod includes a slope support member and a slope support member, and the bottom of the slope support member is movably installed on the base rod along the rod direction of the base rod, and the slope support member is obliquely and slidably installed on the slope support member so that the extended end of the slope support member cooperates with the vertical support member to abut against the vertical support member.

3. The assembled slope embankment model experimental device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bottom rod includes a basic base plate and a guide plate vertically fixed on the basic base plate, and the guide plate extends in a direction parallel to the basic base plate; the guide plate is provided with a plurality of mounting connectors for mounting the slope support member and / or the vertical support member along its own extension direction, and the setting position of the mounting connector corresponding to the slope support member is selected according to the adjustment of the designed embankment height, and the setting position of the mounting connector corresponding to the vertical support member is selected according to the designed slope.

4. The fabricated slope embankment model experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical support member includes a vertical support piece and a vertical extension piece, the vertical support piece supports the extended end of the slope support rod, the vertical extension piece is vertically connected to the supporting back side of the vertical support piece, and the vertical extension piece extends vertically following the vertical support piece; the vertical support member includes a vertical support piece and a vertical fixing piece, and the vertical fixing piece is installed on the bottom rod; the supporting back side fits and can be raised and lowered on the vertical support piece so that the vertical support piece can limit the vertical extension piece; the vertical fixing piece is vertically connected to the fitting back side of the vertical support piece, and the vertical fixing piece extends vertically following the vertical support piece, so that the vertical fixing piece can limit the vertical support piece.

5. The fabricated slope embankment model experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertical fixing plate is also provided with a balancing leg, and the balancing leg is automatically triggered to unfold according to the gradient adjustment of different slope embankment surfaces.

6. The fabricated slope embankment model experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A positioning slider is formed at the end of the slope support member, and a sliding groove is formed at the end of the slope support member that can slide with the insert block. The bottom end of the lower plane of the slope support member linearly supports the bottom rod, and the top end of the lower plane of the slope support member linearly supports the vertical support member, and the upper plane of the slope support member is flush with the upper plane of the slope support member.

7. The fabricated slope embankment model experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The slope embankment surface is an assembled slope embankment surface; The assembled slope embankment includes a plurality of base plates, each of which has a limiting hole on its back side. The slope support rod is provided with a plurality of limiting blocks along its rod direction that cooperate with the limiting holes to achieve the arrangement and positioning of the base plates. The substrate on the assembled slope embankment includes a top substrate, a middle substrate and a bottom substrate; the top substrate is located in the top area of ​​the slope support member, the bottom substrate is located in the bottom area of ​​the slope support member, and the middle substrate is connected between the top substrate and the bottom substrate; The upper side of the middle substrate extends with a lower pressing plate formed with the bottom substrate, and the lower pressing plate is flush with the back of the middle substrate. The lower sides of the top substrate and the lower sides of the middle substrate both extend with upper pressing plates that fit and splice adjacent lower pressing plates.

8. The assembled slope embankment model experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The experimental device also includes an assembled bottom protection, and the assembled bottom protection is arranged on the bottom plate; The assembled bottom protection includes multiple segmented bottom protections spliced ​​along the length direction of the bottom rod. The segmented bottom protections are inclined away from the slope embankment surface, and the ends of the segmented bottom protections close to the slope embankment surface are formed into inclined planes that cooperate with the slope embankment surface.

9. The assembled slope embankment model experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The experimental device also includes a wave collecting box, which includes a box body, a guide trough plate, and an overtopping amount monitoring device; the box body is assembled on the bottom plate, and a water inlet is formed on the side of the box body. One end of the guide trough plate can be raised and lowered above the water inlet so that the other end of the guide trough plate is connected to the top of the sloped embankment; A connecting portion is formed at the bottom of the guide trough plate, the connecting portion is connected to a patch that is in contact with the side of the box body and rises and falls with the guide trough plate, and a vertical pressing plate is provided on the box body along the lifting direction of the guide trough plate, the vertical pressing plate is located on the patch, and a fixing piece connected to the box body is provided on the vertical pressing plate, and the fixing piece is used to press the vertical pressing plate to fix the patch; The overtopping amount monitoring device is located in the box.

10. A test method for a prefabricated slope embankment model, characterized in that: The application of the prefabricated slope embankment model experimental device described in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises: determining the design parameters of the proposed breakwater model; placing a base plate at a position more than three wavelengths away from the wave-making device in a water tank laboratory, adjusting the height of the vertical support rods and the slope of the slope support rods in accordance with the design parameters, extending the slope support rods to support the vertical support rods, laying a slope embankment surface on the slope support rods, and placing a face protection block on the slope embankment surface; Among them, the friction coefficient between the slope embankment surface and the protective blocks is determined by an impact rolling test. The impact rolling test uses waves as the dynamic condition and the particle size block embankment model experimental device is used as the blank control group. The block content and roundness of the precast concrete of the slope embankment surface are adjusted so that under the same protective block arrangement, the same wave action causes the block instability form to be consistent, and the instability error does not exceed 90%.

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