Liquid rotational flow shear crushing method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid rotational flow shearing and crushing device which comprises a pre-sequencing absorber and a hydrocyclone which are connected with each other, the pre-sequencing absorber comprises a central cavity, a core rod is vertically arranged in the central cavity, a first jacket is arranged on the outer wall of the central cavity, and a plurality of jet flow holes are formed in the side wall of a first jacket area of the central cavity; the swirler comprises a swirler body, an overflow pipe is arranged in a cylindrical section of the swirler body, a second jacket is arranged outside the cylindrical section, a plurality of jet flow holes are formed in the side wall of a second jacket area of the cylindrical section, and jet flow pipes are further arranged on the inner sides of the jet flow holes formed in the central cavity and the cylindrical section. According to the liquid rotational flow shearing and crushing device, after liquid passes through the jet flow holes, the liquid collides with the core rods at a certain angle, impact crushing of liquid drops can be enhanced through different jet angles, liquid phase distribution is more uniform, the liquid drop crushing effect can be enhanced through different core rod structures, the liquid drops are subjected to shearing crushing and stretching crushing, and the gas-liquid absorption efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of gas-liquid absorption technology and equipment technology in the field of environmental protection, and specifically relates to a liquid cyclone shearing and crushing method and device. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of global industrialization, industrial waste gas emissions have caused environmental pollution problems, including CO2, H2S, SO x 、NO x Industrial waste gases such as these have a significant impact on the environment. Due to its high efficiency and flexibility, gas-liquid absorption technology has become one of the core methods for industrial waste gas purification and is widely used in coal-fired power plants, petrochemicals, steel smelting and other fields.

[0003] However, existing technologies have the following problems: packed towers and plate towers rely mainly on gravity to achieve gas-liquid contact, but the droplet size is large and the specific surface area is limited, which has a certain impact on mass transfer efficiency; the device occupies a large area and has high energy consumption. The droplet breakup at the throat of a traditional Venturi scrubber mainly relies on the shearing effect of high-speed airflow and liquid film, but if the viscosity of the spray liquid is high or the injection pressure is insufficient, the droplet size will be too large and cannot reach the atomization level. The gas-liquid contact area is significantly reduced, affecting the pollutant absorption efficiency. The average particle size of the droplets formed by the liquid column spray desulfurization tower is large, and the breakup process relies on the collision after the liquid column is scattered. Under low gas velocity or high viscosity conditions, the droplet breakup is insufficient, resulting in a low mass transfer surface renewal rate, affecting the desulfurization efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, the industry urgently needs to develop a liquid shearing and crushing device that can enhance droplet breakup and has low energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the actual situation of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device that can fully crush the liquid and accelerate the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device, comprising a pre-sorting absorber and a cyclone connected to each other, wherein:

[0008] The pre-sorting absorber comprises a cylindrical central cavity, with a tangential air inlet and a pre-sorting outlet provided at the top and bottom of the central cavity, respectively. A core rod is vertically arranged inside the cavity, a first jacket is provided below the air inlet on the outer wall, a first liquid inlet is provided on the first jacket, and a plurality of jet holes are provided on the side wall of the central cavity in the area where the first jacket is provided.

[0009] The cyclone comprises a cyclone body, which comprises an upper cylindrical section and a lower conical section. The top of the cylindrical section is provided with a tangential cyclone inlet, an overflow pipe is provided inside, and a second jacket is provided outside. The second jacket is provided with a second liquid inlet. The side wall of the cylindrical section in the area where the second jacket is provided is also provided with a plurality of jet holes. The bottom of the conical section is a bottom flow outlet.

[0010] The inner side of the jet holes provided in the first jacket area of ​​the central cavity and the second jacket area of ​​the cylindrical section is further provided with a jet tube, so that the liquid material injected into the central cavity or the cylindrical section has a certain incident angle;

[0011] The pre-sorting outlet of the pre-sorting absorber is connected to the cyclone inlet of the cyclone, thereby connecting the two in series with each other.

[0012] Preferably, the injection pipe is arranged horizontally or obliquely upward; more preferably, the angle between the injection pipe and the inner wall of the central cavity or the cylindrical section is 45° to 90°.

[0013] According to the present invention, the diameter of the jet hole in the central cavity or cylindrical section and the inner diameter of the jet tube are 0.5mm to 1.5mm, and the insertion depth of the jet tube into the central cavity or cylindrical section is 3mm to 5mm.

[0014] According to the present invention, the outer diameter of the core rod provided inside the central cavity of the pre-sorting absorber is 10 mm to 20 mm.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the mandrel is selected from:

[0016] (1) Smooth rod;

[0017] (2) A plurality of pits, spikes, or a combination of the two are provided on the outer surface of the rod; or

[0018] (3) The cross section of the rod body is arranged in a polygonal structure.

[0019] According to the present invention, the overflow pipe of the cyclone has an insertion depth of 130 to 150 cm.

[0020] Preferably, the outer surface of the deep insertion portion of the overflow pipe is provided with a plurality of cone thorns; further, the cone bottom diameter of the cone thorns is 1 mm to 2 mm.

[0021] A second aspect of the present invention provides a liquid cyclone shearing and crushing method, using the above-mentioned liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1, the absorption liquid enters the first liquid inlet of the first jacket through the booster pump, and under the action of the booster pump, enters the central cavity through the jet hole of the central cavity at a certain angle;

[0023] S2, exhaust gas enters the central cavity through the air inlet of the central cavity, gathers at the central axis to form a gas core, and flows downward;

[0024] S3, after the absorption liquid jet flows into the central cavity, it collides with the core rod to form smaller and more uniform droplets. After rebounding, it collides with the high-speed rotating exhaust gas at the central axis, causing shearing and crushing;

[0025] S4, the crushed absorption liquid fully contacts the exhaust gas at the central axis, rotates downward, and enters the cyclone inlet through the pre-sorting outlet;

[0026] S5. As the gas-liquid mixture enters the cyclone, new absorption liquid enters through the second liquid inlet on the second jacket of the cyclone and collides with the cone spikes on the wall of the overflow pipe, enhancing the lateral diffusion of the droplets. This causes the droplets to be stretched into thin films or filaments, which are then broken into smaller liquid mists under the action of surface tension, thereby enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer.

[0027] S6. Liquid mist and gas rotate downward on the central axis of the cyclone. Part of the liquid mist flows out from the bottom flow port under the action of gravity, and part of the liquid mist splashes around the cyclone under the action of the cyclone field, and finally gathers at the bottom flow port and flows out. The purified gas enters through the inlet at the lower end of the overflow pipe and is discharged upward from the outlet of the overflow pipe.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The liquid swirl shearing and crushing device of the present invention allows the liquid to pass through several small-diameter jet holes and then collide with cone thorns, small pits or polygonal structures at a certain angle. Different spray angles can enhance the impact crushing of droplets and make the liquid phase distribution more uniform. Different core rod structures can enhance the droplet crushing effect, causing the droplets to undergo shear crushing and tensile crushing, thereby improving the gas-liquid absorption efficiency.

[0030] 2. Compared with traditional cyclones, the present invention enhances the droplet breakup effect and improves the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency; compared with other gas-liquid absorption technologies, it has lower energy consumption, occupies a small area, and is easy to put into large-scale use.

[0031] 3. Compared with ordinary liquid crushing devices, the present invention has better shearing and crushing effects and can reach the atomization level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device of Example 1.

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the pre-sorting absorber.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Structural cross-sectional view of a pre-sorting absorber (the first jacket is not shown).

[0035] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cyclone.

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Structural cross-sectional view of the cyclone (the second jacket is not shown).

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing that a jet tube is further provided inside the injection hole on the central cavity or cylindrical segment.

[0038] Figure 7 Figures AF show schematic diagrams of six mandrels with different structural forms.

[0039] Description of the figure number:

[0040] 10-pre-sorting absorber; 11-central cavity; 12-air inlet; 13-pre-sorting outlet; 14-core rod; 15-first jacket; 16-first liquid inlet;

[0041] 20-cyclone; 21-cyclone body; 22-cylindrical section; 23-conical section; 24-cyclone inlet; 25-overflow pipe; 26-second jacket; 27-second liquid inlet; 28-bottom flow outlet;

[0042] 30- jet hole; 31- jet tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0044] In the context of the present invention, the "atomization efficiency" refers to the ratio of the mass of the atomized droplets to the mass of the original droplets.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device of this embodiment includes a pre-sorting absorber 10 and a cyclone 20 connected to each other, wherein:

[0047] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the pre-sorting absorber 10 includes a cylindrical central cavity 11, the top and bottom of which are respectively provided with a tangential air inlet 12 and a pre-sorting outlet 13, a core rod 14 is vertically arranged inside, a first jacket 15 is provided below the air inlet 12 on the outer wall, a first liquid inlet 16 is provided on the first jacket 15, and a plurality of jet holes 30 are provided on the side wall of the central cavity 11 in the area where the first jacket 15 is provided.

[0048] Combine Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the cyclone 20 includes a cyclone body 21, which includes an upper cylindrical section 22 and a lower conical section 23. The top of the cylindrical section 22 is provided with a tangential cyclone inlet 24, an overflow pipe 25 is provided inside, and a second jacket 26 is provided outside. The second jacket 26 is provided with a second liquid inlet 27. The side wall of the cylindrical section 22 in the area where the second jacket 26 is provided is also provided with a plurality of jet holes 30; the bottom of the conical section 23 is a bottom flow port 28.

[0049] The pre-sorting outlet 13 of the pre-sorting absorber 10 is connected to the cyclone inlet 24 of the cyclone 20 , preferably via a flange plate, so that the two are connected in series.

[0050] Preferably, Figure 6 As shown, a jet tube 31 is further provided inside the jet hole 30 provided in the first jacket 15 region of the central cavity 11 and the second jacket 26 region of the conical section 22, so that the liquid material injected into the interior of the central cavity 11 or the cylindrical section 22 has a certain incident angle (the angle between the jet tube 31 and the inner wall of the central cavity 11 or the cylindrical section 22). Preferably, the jet tube 31 is arranged horizontally or obliquely upward. More preferably, the angle between the jet tube 31 and the inner wall of the central cavity 11 or the cylindrical section 22, i.e., the incident angle, is 45° to 90°.

[0051] Furthermore, the aperture of the jet hole 30 provided in the central cavity 11 and the tapered section 22 and the inner diameter of the jet tube 31 are preferably 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and the insertion depth of the jet tube 31 into the central cavity 11 and the tapered section 22 is 3 mm to 5 mm.

[0052] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the core rod 14 disposed within the central cavity 11 of the pre-sorting absorber 10 is preferably 10 mm to 20 mm. The core rod 14 may be a smooth rod, or may have a plurality of pits, thorns, or a combination thereof on its outer surface, or may have a polygonal cross-section. Figure 7AF respectively show the structures of the core rod 14 with a smooth outer surface, a plurality of cone thorns on the outer surface, a plurality of pits on the outer surface, a five-pointed star cross section, a six-pointed star cross section, and a seven-pointed star cross section.

[0053] In this embodiment, the overflow pipe 25 of the cyclone 20 is inserted to a depth of 130 to 150 cm. Preferably, the outer surface of the inserted portion of the overflow pipe 30 is provided with a plurality of cone thorns, the cone bottom diameter of which is 1 mm to 2 mm.

[0054] The liquid cyclone shearing and crushing method using the above-mentioned liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1, the absorption liquid enters the first liquid inlet 16 of the first jacket 15 through the booster pump, and under the action of the booster pump, enters the central cavity 11 at a certain angle through the jet hole 30 of the central cavity 11;

[0056] S2, the exhaust gas enters the central cavity 11 through the air inlet 12 of the central cavity 11, gathers at the central axis to form a gas core, and flows downward;

[0057] S3, after the absorption liquid jet flows into the central cavity 11, it collides with the core rod 14, forming smaller and more uniform droplets, which then rebound and collide with the high-speed rotating exhaust gas at the central axis, causing shearing and crushing;

[0058] S4, the crushed absorption liquid fully contacts the exhaust gas at the central axis, rotates downward, and enters the cyclone inlet 24 of the cyclone 20 through the pre-sorting outlet 13;

[0059] S5. As the gas-liquid mixture enters the cyclone 20, new absorption liquid enters through the second liquid inlet 27 on the second jacket 26 of the cyclone 20 and collides with the cone spikes on the wall of the overflow pipe 25, enhancing the lateral diffusion of the droplets. The droplets are stretched into thin films or filaments, and then break into smaller liquid mists under the action of surface tension, thereby enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer.

[0060] S6. The liquid mist and gas rotate downward on the central axis of the cyclone 20. Part of the liquid mist flows out from the bottom flow port 28 under the action of gravity, and part of the liquid mist splashes around the cyclone 20 under the action of the cyclonic field, and finally converges at the bottom flow port 28 and flows out. The purified gas enters through the inlet at the lower end of the overflow pipe 25 and is discharged upward from the outlet of the overflow pipe 25.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] This example uses the liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device composed of a pre-sorter and a cyclone in Example 1 to conduct an experiment on amine liquid absorption of CO2 to explore the liquid crushing effect and CO2 absorption efficiency.

[0063] 1. Experimental conditions

[0064] This experiment uses 3 mol / L MEA, 9% CO2 by volume, and a temperature control range of 293-313 K. Two schemes are used to explore the effect of different incident angles and different core rod structures on the liquid fragmentation. The two schemes are:

[0065] Solution 1: A, 90° incident angle + smooth mandrel; B, vertical upward 45° incident angle + smooth mandrel; C, vertical downward 45° incident angle + smooth mandrel; D, horizontal clockwise 45° incident angle + smooth mandrel; E, horizontal counterclockwise 45° incident angle + smooth mandrel;

[0066] Option 2: F, vertical oblique upward angle of 45° + core rod with cone thorns; G, vertical oblique upward angle of 45° + core rod with pits; H, vertical oblique upward angle of 45° + five-pointed star-shaped core rod; I, vertical oblique upward angle of 45° + six-pointed star-shaped core rod; J, vertical oblique upward angle of 45° + seven-pointed star-shaped core rod; K, vertical oblique upward angle of 45° + smooth core rod.

[0067] The CO2 concentration was measured using a carbon dioxide detector, and the droplet size distribution was analyzed using a laser particle size analyzer.

[0068] 2. Experimental process

[0069] MEA enters the liquid inlet 16 of the first jacket 15 through the booster pump, and under the action of the booster pump, passes through the jet hole 30 of the central cavity 11 at a liquid speed of 10m / s and enters the central cavity 11 at a certain angle; 9% CO2 is blown by a fan at a speed of 80m 3 / h of gas enters the central cavity 11 through the air inlet 12 of the central cavity 11, gathers at the central axis to form a gas core, and moves downward; after the MEA jet flows into the central cavity 11, it collides with the core rod 14 to form droplets, which rebound and collide with the high-speed rotating CO2 at the central axis, causing shearing and crushing; the crushed absorption liquid fully contacts the exhaust gas at the central axis, rotates downward, and enters the cyclone inlet 24 through the pre-sorting outlet 13; at the same time as the gas-liquid mixture enters the cyclone 20, the new MEA passes through the liquid inlet on the second jacket 26 of the cyclone 20 The liquid mist and CO2 enter the cyclone through the outlet 27 and collide with the cone spikes on the wall of the overflow pipe 25, which enhances the lateral diffusion of the droplets, causing the droplets to be stretched into thin films or filaments. Subsequently, they break into smaller liquid mists under the action of surface tension, thereby enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer. The liquid mist and CO2 rotate downward on the central axis of the cyclone. Part of the liquid mist flows out from the bottom flow outlet 28 under the action of gravity, and the other part of the liquid mist splashes around the cyclone 20 under the action of the cyclonic field, and finally converges at the bottom flow outlet 28 and flows out. The purified CO2 enters through the lower inlet of the overflow pipe 25 and is discharged upward from the outlet of the overflow pipe 25.

[0070] The CO2 concentration is measured at the outlet of the overflow pipe 25 by a carbon dioxide detector to calculate the removal efficiency; the laser particle size analyzer monitors the median particle size of the droplets in real time to evaluate the crushing effect.

[0071] 3. Experimental results

[0072] The following Tables 1 and 2 show the test results.

[0073] Table 1

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Table 2

[0077] Combination Type Droplet initial size (μm) After crushing (μm) Atomization efficiency Carbon capture efficiency F 500 50 90％ 96％ G 500 175 63％ 81％ H 500 125 73％ 87％ I 500 123 75％ 88％ J 500 115 80％ 90％ K 500 196 61％ 72％

[0078] From the results in Tables 1 and 2 above, it can be seen that compared with the 90° incidence, when the vertical oblique upward incidence is 45°, the droplets are significantly stretched and torn. After rebounding, the droplets collide with the downward exhaust gas in the opposite direction, and the probability of secondary breakage is high; both the horizontal clockwise 45° and the horizontal counterclockwise 45° incidence can superimpose the centrifugal force of the swirling flow field, so that the circumferential shear effect on the droplets is enhanced, but the horizontal counterclockwise direction is opposite to the flow field direction, which is more conducive to droplet breakage; the vertical oblique downward 45° incidence makes the liquid phase distribution close to the lower end of the core rod, reducing the breakage time, which is not conducive to the atomization effect.

[0079] Compared with a smooth core rod, the geometric discontinuity of the thorn-like structure will intensify the turbulent disturbance on the droplet surface, causing the droplet to quickly split into smaller sub-droplets after impact; the pit structure physically blocks the liquid film retraction path, prolongs the droplet spreading time, promotes secondary fracture and refines the droplet particle size; a high-speed shear layer is formed near each corner of the five-pointed, hexagonal and seven-pointed star structures, which causes the droplet to break up through the competition between inertial force and surface tension.

[0080] It should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. The technical features or combinations of technical features described in the embodiments of the present invention should not be considered in isolation; they can be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. Technologies, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the relevant art will not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such technologies, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pre-sorting absorber (10) and a cyclone (20) connected to each other, wherein: The pre-sorting absorber (10) comprises a cylindrical central cavity (11), an air inlet (12) and a pre-sorting outlet (13) are respectively arranged tangentially at the top and bottom of the central cavity (11), a core rod (14) is arranged vertically inside, a first jacket (15) is arranged below the air inlet (12) on the outer wall, a first liquid inlet (16) is provided on the first jacket (15), and a plurality of jet holes (30) are provided on the side wall of the central cavity (11) in the area where the first jacket (15) is provided; The cyclone (20) comprises a cyclone body (21), the cyclone body (21) comprising an upper cylindrical section (22) and a lower conical section (23); a cyclone inlet (24) is tangentially provided at the top of the cylindrical section (22), an overflow pipe (25) is provided inside, and a second jacket (26) is provided outside; the second jacket (26) is provided with a second liquid inlet (27); and a plurality of jet holes (30) are also provided on the side wall of the cylindrical section (22) in the area where the second jacket (26) is provided; and the bottom of the conical section (23) is a bottom flow outlet (28); A jet tube (31) is further provided inside the jet hole (30) provided in the first jacket (15) area of ​​the central cavity (11) and the second jacket (26) area of ​​the conical section (22), so that the liquid material injected into the central cavity (11) or the cylindrical section (22) has a certain incident angle; The pre-sorting outlet (13) of the pre-sorting absorber (10) is connected to the cyclone inlet (24) of the cyclone (20), thereby connecting the two in series.

2. The liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The injection pipe (31) is arranged horizontally or obliquely upward.

3. The liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The included angle between the injection pipe (31) and the inner wall of the central cavity (11) or the cylindrical section (22) is 45° to 90°.

4. The liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The aperture of the jet hole (30) provided in the central cavity (11) or the cylindrical section (22) and the inner diameter of the jet tube (31) are 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and the insertion depth of the jet tube (31) into the central cavity (11) or the cylindrical section (22) is 3 mm to 5 mm.

5. The liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the core rod (14) provided inside the central cavity (11) of the pre-sorting absorber (10) is 10 mm to 20 mm.

6. The liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the core rod (14) is selected from: (1) Smooth rod; (2) A plurality of pits, spikes, or a combination of the two are provided on the outer surface of the rod; or (3) The cross section of the rod body is arranged in a polygonal structure.

7. The liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overflow pipe (25) of the cyclone (20) has an insertion depth of 130 to 150 cm.

8. The liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the deep insertion portion of the overflow pipe (30) is provided with a plurality of cone thorns.

9. The liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cone bottom diameter of the cone thorn is 1mm to 2mm.

10. A liquid cyclone shearing and crushing method, using the liquid cyclone shearing and crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1, the absorption liquid enters the first liquid inlet of the first jacket through the booster pump, and under the action of the booster pump, enters the central cavity through the jet hole of the central cavity at a certain angle; S2, exhaust gas enters the central cavity through the air inlet of the central cavity, gathers at the central axis to form a gas core, and flows downward; S3, after the absorption liquid jet flows into the central cavity, it collides with the core rod to form smaller and more uniform droplets. After rebounding, it collides with the high-speed rotating exhaust gas at the central axis, causing shearing and crushing; S4, the crushed absorption liquid fully contacts the exhaust gas at the central axis, rotates downward, and enters the cyclone inlet through the pre-sorting outlet; S5. As the gas-liquid mixture enters the cyclone, new absorption liquid enters through the second liquid inlet on the second jacket of the cyclone and collides with the cone spikes on the wall of the overflow pipe, enhancing the lateral diffusion of the droplets. This causes the droplets to be stretched into thin films or filaments, which are then broken into smaller liquid mists under the action of surface tension, thereby enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer. S6. Liquid mist and gas rotate downward on the central axis of the cyclone. Part of the liquid mist flows out from the bottom flow port under the action of gravity, and part of the liquid mist splashes around the cyclone under the action of the cyclone field, and finally gathers at the bottom flow port and flows out. The purified gas enters through the inlet at the lower end of the overflow pipe and is discharged upward from the outlet of the overflow pipe.

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