Device and method for separating large-particle materials of broken lithium batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a separation device and method for large-particle materials of broken lithium batteries, and belongs to the field of lithium battery recycling. The separation device comprises a separator body, and a vibration conveying mechanism used for driving the whole separation device to vibrate is arranged at the bottom of the separator body; a low-speed rotary magnetic separation mechanism used for separating iron particle materials and a high-speed rotary eddy current separation mechanism used for separating aluminum particle materials and copper particle materials are sequentially arranged in the separator body from top to bottom. The vibration conveying mechanism comprises a base, the bottom end of the separator body is arranged in the base and connected with the base through a sliding structure, and the two sides of the separator body are connected with the base through spring seats. Crushed lithium battery large-particle materials are subjected to low-speed magnetic separation and high-speed vortex throwing separation, so that iron materials, copper materials and aluminum materials of the large-particle materials are separated in sequence, and the possibility of blockage in the separation process is reduced in cooperation with the vibration conveying mechanism which drives the whole device to vibrate in a reciprocating mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, and in particular to a device and method for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] Due to the rapid development of new energy vehicles in my country, the rapid development of the battery industry has also been derived. With the extensive use of battery facilities and equipment, especially electric vehicles, the harmless treatment and resource recycling of waste lithium batteries are imminent. After the existing waste battery recycling equipment crushes the waste lithium batteries, due to the physical properties of copper, iron and aluminum, some of the copper, iron and aluminum are ground into large particles, spherical or irregular objects. Large particles are not easy to collect with a single negative pressure system, and are easily blocked on the production line, causing the production line to stop and require manual cleaning, causing environmental pollution and personal health harm. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for separating large-particle materials from crushed lithium batteries, which uses low-speed magnetic separation and high-speed eddy current separation to separate the iron, copper and aluminum materials of the large-particle materials in turn, and cooperates with a vibrating feeding mechanism that drives the entire device to vibrate reciprocally to reduce the possibility of blockage during the separation process.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a device for separating large-particle materials from crushed lithium batteries, comprising a separator body, a vibrating feeding mechanism for driving the entire separation device to vibrate is provided at the bottom of the separator body, and a low-speed rotating magnetic separation mechanism for separating iron particle materials and a high-speed rotating eddy current separation mechanism for separating aluminum particle and copper particle materials are sequentially provided inside the separator body from top to bottom; the vibrating feeding mechanism comprises a base, the bottom end of the separator body is arranged in the base, the bottom end of the separator body is connected to the base through a sliding structure, and the two sides of the separator body are connected to the base through spring seats.

[0005] Preferably, the sliding structure includes a slider arranged at the bottom end of the separator body, a sliding groove adapted to the slider is provided on the inner bottom surface of the base, and the slider is arranged in the sliding groove and is slidably connected to the sliding groove.

[0006] Preferably, the direction in which the slider slides along the sliding groove is the same as the direction in which the spring seat expands and contracts.

[0007] Preferably, a telescopic cylinder 1 is provided on one side of the separator body, the telescopic cylinder 1 is installed on the top of the base, and the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 1 is connected to one side of the separator body.

[0008] Preferably, a collecting box 1 for containing iron particle materials is provided between the low-speed rotating magnetic separation mechanism and the high-speed rotating eddy current separation mechanism, a telescopic cylinder 2 is provided on the separator body, the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 2 is connected to one side of the collecting box 1, and an opening 1 for the collecting box to extend out is provided on the other side of the collecting box 1.

[0009] Preferably, the low-speed rotating magnetic separation mechanism includes an inverted frustum-shaped magnetic separation drum, the top and bottom ends of the magnetic separation drum are both open, a number of magnet blocks are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum, the outer surface of the magnetic separation drum is provided with a bevel gear 1, a low-speed motor is provided on the separator body, the output shaft of the low-speed motor is connected to the bevel gear 1 through a bevel gear 2, the bottom end of the magnetic separation drum is provided with a support plate fixed on the separator body, and the bottom end of the magnetic separation drum is rotatably connected to the support plate.

[0010] Preferably, a rubber scraper for scraping off adsorbed iron particles is provided inside the magnetic separation drum. The rubber scraper is provided on the moving rod, and the top and bottom ends of the moving rod are respectively hinged to the telescopic rod of telescopic cylinder three and the telescopic rod of telescopic cylinder four provided on the separator body.

[0011] Preferably, the high-speed rotating eddy current separation mechanism includes a separation box located below the magnetic separation drum, a permanent magnet drum with a high-speed rotation function is provided inside the separation box, the permanent magnet drum is located obliquely below the bottom outlet of the magnetic separation drum, and the separation box is provided with an opening 2 for copper particles to go out on the side away from the permanent magnet drum, a collecting box 2 for collecting copper particles is provided on the outside of the opening 2, a collecting box 3 for collecting aluminum particles is provided on the inside of the opening 2, and an inclined slide is provided on the outside of the opening 2 for copper particles to slide into the collecting box.

[0012] Preferably, a feed port is provided at the top of the separator body, and an inclined surface is connected below the feed port for the material to slide into the magnetic separation drum.

[0013] The present invention provides a separation method for a device for crushing large particles of lithium batteries, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: After checking that the device is operating normally, the telescopic cylinder drives the separator body to move back and forth along the chute. During the reciprocating movement of the separator body, the spring on the spring seat is squeezed and stretched, causing the entire device to vibrate back and forth.

[0015] Step 2: After the large particles and small particles of the waste lithium batteries are screened out, the low-speed motor is started to pour the large particles from the feed port of the separator body, and the large particles slide through the inclined surface into the magnetic separation drum;

[0016] Step 3: The low-speed motor drives the magnetic separation drum to rotate at a low speed on the support plate through the bevel gear 2 and the bevel gear 1. The iron particles in the large particles are adsorbed by the magnet blocks on the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum, and the copper and aluminum particles are discharged from the bottom of the magnetic separation drum.

[0017] Step 4: Copper and aluminum particles fall into the separation box and pass through the side of the high-speed rotating permanent magnet drum. The rotation of the permanent magnet drum drives the internal permanent magnet to generate an alternating magnetic field. The copper particles with strong conductivity sense the strong eddy current and generate a repulsive force. The copper particles are thrown into the collection box 2 outside the second opening of the separation box. The aluminum particles with strong conductivity sense the weak eddy current and generate a repulsive force. The aluminum particles are thrown into the collection box 3 inside the second opening of the separation box.

[0018] Step 5. After the separation of copper and aluminum particle materials is completed, telescopic cylinder 2 drives collection box 1 to move to the bottom of the magnetic separation drum. Telescopic cylinder 2 and telescopic cylinder 3 respectively drive the two ends of the moving rod to move, thereby driving the rubber scraper to move to the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum. Cooperating with the rotating magnetic separation drum, the iron particles are scraped into collection box 1, completing the separation and collection of large particle materials.

[0019] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned device and method for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The present invention drives the entire device to move back and forth by means of a telescopic rod in conjunction with a slider slot, and combines with a telescopic spring seat to improve the shaking of the device during movement, so that the entire device maintains a reciprocating vibration motion during the separation of large particle materials, greatly reducing the possibility of large particle materials being blocked during the separation process, thereby improving the separation efficiency;

[0021] (2) The present invention separates and collects the large particles of crushed lithium batteries through low-speed magnetic separation and high-speed eddy current separation, so that the iron, copper and aluminum materials of the large particles are separated and collected in sequence, thereby improving the separation and collection efficiency of the large particles.

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view of an embodiment of a device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A side view of an embodiment of a device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a vibrating feeding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the rubber scraper structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals

[0028] 1. Separator body; 2. Base; 3. Spring seat; 4. Telescopic cylinder 1; 5. Slider; 6. Chute; 7. Telescopic cylinder 2; 8. Collecting box 1; 9. Opening 1; 10. Magnetic separation drum; 11. Bevel gear 1; 12. Bevel gear 2; 13. Support plate; 14. Telescopic cylinder 3; 15. Telescopic cylinder 4; 16. Moving rod; 17. Rubber scraper; 18. Separation box; 19. Permanent magnet drum; 20. Opening 2; 21. Collecting box 2; 22. Collecting box 3; 23. Feed port; 24. Inclined surface; 25. Inclined slide plate; 26. High-speed motor; 27. Low-speed motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar numbers throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0031] Like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not require further definition or explanation in subsequent drawings.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] Example

[0035] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries, comprising a separator body 1, the bottom of which is provided with a vibrating feeding mechanism for driving the entire separator to vibrate. Figure 3 As shown, the vibrating feeding mechanism includes a base 2, the bottom end of the separator body 1 is arranged in the base 2, the bottom end of the separator body 1 is connected to the base 2 through a sliding structure, and the two sides of the separator body 1 are connected to the base 2 through spring seats 3. The sliding structure includes a slider 5 arranged at the bottom end of the separator body 1, and a chute 6 adapted to the slider 5 is provided on the inner bottom surface of the base 2. The slider 5 is arranged in the chute 6 and is slidably connected to the chute 6. The direction in which the slider 5 slides along the chute 6 is the same as the direction in which the spring seat 3 extends and contracts. A telescopic cylinder 4 is provided on one side of the separator body 1. The telescopic cylinder 4 is installed on the top of the base 2, and the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 4 is connected to one side of the separator body 1. The telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 4 drives the slider 5 of the separator body 1 to slide back and forth in the chute 6, and cooperates with the springs on both sides of the separator body 1 to enhance the vibration, so that the entire device vibrates back and forth, reducing the possibility of large particles of material being blocked during the separation process.

[0036] Inside the separator body 1, arranged from top to bottom, are a low-speed rotary magnetic separation mechanism for separating iron particles and a high-speed rotary eddy current separation mechanism for separating aluminum and copper particles. A collection box 8 for holding the iron particles is located between the low-speed rotary magnetic separation mechanism and the high-speed rotary eddy current separation mechanism. The separator body 1 is equipped with a telescopic cylinder 2 (7), the telescopic rod of which is connected to one side of the collection box 18. The other side of the collection box 8 is provided with an opening 1 (9) for the collection box to extend out. The collection box 8 collects adsorbed iron particles and extends out of the separator body 18 through the opening 1 (9) for easy collection.

[0037] The low-speed rotating magnetic separation mechanism includes an inverted frustum-shaped magnetic separation drum 10, the top and bottom of which are both open. A number of magnet blocks are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum 10. The outer surface of the magnetic separation drum 10 is provided with a bevel gear 11, and a low-speed motor 27 is provided on the separator body 1. The output shaft of the low-speed motor 27 is connected to the bevel gear 11 through a bevel gear 2 12. The bottom end of the magnetic separation drum 10 is provided with a support plate 13 fixed to the separator body 1, and the bottom end of the magnetic separation drum 10 is rotatably connected to the support plate 13. A feed port 23 is provided at the top of the separator body 1, and a slope 24 for the material to slide into the magnetic separation drum 10 is connected below the feed port 23, so that the poured material can enter the magnetic separation drum 10 and is not easily blocked. At the same time, the low-speed rotating magnetic separation drum 10 of the inverted frustum-shaped structure allows large particles to fully contact the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum 10, thereby achieving the adsorption of iron particles.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, a rubber scraper 17 for scraping off adsorbed iron particles is provided inside the magnetic separation drum 10. The rubber scraper 17 is provided on the moving rod 16. The top and bottom ends of the moving rod 16 are respectively hinged to the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder three 14 and the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder four 15 provided on the separator body 1.

[0039] The high-speed rotary eddy current separation mechanism includes a separation box 18 located below the magnetic separation drum 10. Inside the separation box 18 is a permanent magnet drum 19 capable of high-speed rotation. The permanent magnet drum 19 is located diagonally below the bottom outlet of the magnetic separation drum 10. A second opening 20 is provided on the side of the separation box 18 away from the permanent magnet drum 19, through which copper particles exit. A second collection box 21 is located outside the second opening 20, for collecting copper particles. Inside the second opening 20, a third collection box 22 is located, for collecting aluminum particles. An inclined slide 25 is provided outside the second opening 20, allowing copper particles to slide into the collection box.

[0040] The separation method of the device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: After checking that the overall operation of the device is normal, the telescopic cylinder 4 drives the separator body 1 to move back and forth along the direction of the slide 6. During the reciprocating movement of the separator body 1, the spring on the spring seat 3 is squeezed and stretched, so that the entire device can achieve reciprocating vibration.

[0042] Step 2: After the large particles and small particles of the waste lithium batteries are screened out, the low-speed motor 27 is started to pour the large particles from the feed port 23 of the separator body 1 , and the large particles slide through the inclined surface 24 into the magnetic separation drum 10 .

[0043] In step three, the low-speed motor 27 drives the magnetic separation drum 10 to rotate at a low speed on the support plate 13 through the bevel gear 2 12 and the bevel gear 1 11. The iron particles in the large particles are adsorbed by the magnet blocks on the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum 10, and the copper and aluminum particles are discharged from the bottom of the magnetic separation drum 10.

[0044] In step 4, the copper and aluminum particle materials are discharged from the bottom of the magnetic separation drum 10 and fall into the separation box 18, passing through the side of the high-speed rotating permanent magnet drum 19 (the permanent magnet drum 19 adopts the existing structure and is driven by the high-speed motor 26 installed on the separator body 1 to rotate at high speed). The rotation of the permanent magnet drum 19 drives the internal permanent magnet to generate an alternating magnetic field.

[0045] The highly conductive copper particles sense the strong eddy currents, which generate a repulsive force and are thrown into the second collection box 21 outside the second opening 20 of the separation box 18. The highly conductive aluminum particles sense the weak eddy currents, which generate a repulsive force and are thrown into the third collection box 22 inside the second opening 20 of the separation box 18.

[0046] Step 5: After the copper and aluminum particles are separated, telescopic cylinder 2 (7) drives collection box 1 (8) to move directly below the magnetic separation drum 10. Telescopic cylinders 2 (7) and 3 (14) respectively drive the ends of the moving rod 16 to move, thereby driving the scraper to move to the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum 10 (both ends of the moving rod 16 are hinged, and the extension of telescopic cylinders 2 (7) and 3 (14) allows the rubber scraper 17 on the moving rod 16 to tilt and fit the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum 10). The rotating magnetic separation drum 10 scrapes the iron particles into collection box 1 (8), completing the separation and collection of large particles.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries, characterized by: It includes a separator body, the bottom of which is provided with a vibrating feeding mechanism for driving the entire separation device to vibrate, and the interior of the separator body is provided with a low-speed rotating magnetic separation mechanism for separating iron particle materials and a high-speed rotating eddy current separation mechanism for separating aluminum particle materials and copper particle materials from top to bottom; the vibrating feeding mechanism includes a base, the bottom end of the separator body is provided in the base, the bottom end of the separator body is connected to the base through a sliding structure, and the two sides of the separator body are connected to the base through spring seats.

2. The device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding structure includes a slider arranged at the bottom end of the separator body, a sliding groove adapted to the slider is arranged on the bottom surface of the base, and the slider is arranged in the sliding groove and is slidably connected to the sliding groove.

3. The device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The direction in which the slider slides along the slide groove is the same as the direction in which the spring seat expands and contracts.

4. The device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: A telescopic cylinder 1 is provided on one side of the separator body. The telescopic cylinder 1 is installed on the top of the base. The telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 1 is connected to one side of the separator body.

5. The device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: A collecting box 1 for holding iron particle materials is arranged between the low-speed rotating magnetic separation mechanism and the high-speed rotating eddy current separation mechanism. A telescopic cylinder 2 is arranged on the separator body. The telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 2 is connected to one side of the collecting box 1, and an opening 1 for the collecting box to extend is arranged on the other side of the collecting box.

6. The device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-speed rotating magnetic separation mechanism includes an inverted frustum-shaped magnetic separation drum, the top and bottom ends of which are open, a number of magnet blocks are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum, the outer surface of the magnetic separation drum is sleeved with a bevel gear 1, a low-speed motor is provided on the separator body, the output shaft of the low-speed motor is connected to the bevel gear 1 through a bevel gear 2, the bottom end of the magnetic separation drum is provided with a support plate fixed on the separator body, and the bottom end of the magnetic separation drum is rotatably connected to the support plate.

7. The device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rubber scraper is provided inside the magnetic separation drum for scraping off the adsorbed iron particles. The rubber scraper is provided on the moving rod. The top and bottom ends of the moving rod are respectively hinged to the telescopic rod of telescopic cylinder three and the telescopic rod of telescopic cylinder four provided on the separator body.

8. The device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: The high-speed rotary eddy current separation mechanism includes a separation box located below the magnetic separation drum. A permanent magnet drum with a high-speed rotation function is provided inside the separation box. The permanent magnet drum is located obliquely below the bottom outlet of the magnetic separation drum. An opening 2 for copper particles to go out is provided on the side of the separation box away from the permanent magnet drum. A collecting box 2 for collecting copper particles is provided on the outside of the opening 2. A collecting box 3 for collecting aluminum particles is provided on the inside of the opening 2. An inclined slide is provided on the outside of the opening 2 for copper particles to slide into the collecting box.

9. The device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: A feed port is provided at the top of the separator body, and a slope is connected below the feed port for the material to slide into the magnetic separation drum.

10. The separation method of the device for separating large particles of crushed lithium batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: After checking that the device is operating normally, the telescopic cylinder drives the separator body to move back and forth along the chute. During the reciprocating movement of the separator body, the spring on the spring seat is squeezed and stretched, causing the entire device to vibrate back and forth. Step 2: After the large particles and small particles of the waste lithium batteries are screened out, the low-speed motor is started to pour the large particles from the feed port of the separator body, and the large particles slide through the inclined surface into the magnetic separation drum; Step 3: The low-speed motor drives the magnetic separation drum to rotate at a low speed on the support plate through the bevel gear 2 and the bevel gear 1. The iron particles in the large particles are adsorbed by the magnet blocks on the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum, and the copper and aluminum particles are discharged from the bottom of the magnetic separation drum. Step 4: Copper and aluminum particles fall into the separation box and pass through the side of the high-speed rotating permanent magnet drum. The rotation of the permanent magnet drum drives the internal permanent magnet to generate an alternating magnetic field. The copper particles with strong conductivity sense the strong eddy current and generate a repulsive force. The copper particles are thrown into the collection box 2 outside the second opening of the separation box. The aluminum particles with strong conductivity sense the weak eddy current and generate a repulsive force. The aluminum particles are thrown into the collection box 3 inside the second opening of the separation box. Step 5. After the separation of copper and aluminum particle materials is completed, telescopic cylinder 2 drives collection box 1 to move to the bottom of the magnetic separation drum. Telescopic cylinder 2 and telescopic cylinder 3 respectively drive the two ends of the moving rod to move, thereby driving the rubber scraper to move to the inner wall of the magnetic separation drum. Cooperating with the rotating magnetic separation drum, the iron particles are scraped into collection box 1, completing the separation and collection of large particle materials.

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