Pneumatic separation equipment

Abstract

The pneumatic separation equipment comprises a machine body, a separation channel is formed in the machine body, a fan and a discharging channel are arranged on the two sides of the machine body, a vibration screening mechanism is arranged at the top end of the machine body, the vibration screening mechanism comprises a vibration base, a vibration motor and a screening groove, and a screen is rotationally arranged in the screening groove; a first driving motor is arranged on the outer wall of the screening groove; an overturning platform is rotationally arranged in the machine body, a second driving motor is arranged on the outer wall of the machine body, and an infrared detection device is arranged in the side wall of the machine body; a discharging door plate is rotationally embedded in the side wall of one side of the machine body, and the outer wall of the discharging door plate is hinged to the top face of the discharging channel through an air cylinder. Physical separation technologies such as vibration screening, wind power sorting and precipitation filtering are combined, particle materials are separated into four materials with different properties, the four materials are respectively and automatically collected, powder with different particle sizes and properties is effectively sorted out, and the sorting efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of powder screening equipment, in particular to a pneumatic sorting equipment. Background Art

[0002] Conventional technology typically uses physical methods to crush photovoltaic modules into particles and powders, which are then screened and recycled. However, the resulting crushed products contain a mixture of different structural components, resulting in low purity and difficulty in reuse. Furthermore, the crushing process can break down separated glass particles into smaller powders, which then mix with powders from other materials, making them difficult to separate. This complicates material recovery, reduces purity, and increases energy consumption.

[0003] Currently, methods for recycling and sorting scrapped photovoltaic cell materials can be broadly categorized into two types: mechanical and chemical. Mechanical methods utilize the different physical properties of the materials being sorted to separate them, such as eddy current separation, high-voltage electrostatic separation, and flotation. These methods are low-cost, low-pollution, and highly adaptable. However, they suffer from low material recovery rates. Furthermore, since each method can only sort based on a single physical property, only two or three materials are targeted at each run, failing to sort all the scraped material. This results in low sorting efficiency and increases material transportation costs. Chemical methods, on the other hand, utilize chemicals to induce a chemical reaction with the materials, separating the target material from the scraped material mixture. While this method offers high sorting efficiency and a high final material recovery rate, it also suffers from issues such as the high cost of chemical equipment and chemicals, a narrow scope of application, the generation of wastewater and exhaust gases from the chemical reaction, and the need for further processing before the final material can be used in the next recycling process. These methods offer only partial advantages for sorting scrapped photovoltaic cells and fail to fully realize their potential. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem of low sorting efficiency of the existing single powder screening method, the patent of this invention provides a pneumatic sorting equipment that combines vibration screening, wind sorting and sedimentation filtration technologies to effectively sort out powders of different particle sizes and properties to improve the sorting efficiency; at the same time, it has status monitoring capabilities and self-cleaning functions, and can automatically discharge separated materials of different properties. It has a high degree of intelligence, and the equipment has a compact structure, small size and low cost.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A pneumatic sorting device comprises a body, a sorting channel is provided inside the body, a fan connected to the inlet end of the sorting channel is provided on one side of the body, and a discharge channel connected to the outlet end of the sorting channel is provided on the other side of the body, a vibration screening mechanism is provided on the top of the body, the vibration screening mechanism comprises a vibration base fastened to the top of the body, a vibration motor fixedly provided at the edge of the vibration base, and a screening trough movably provided in the top of the vibration base, a screen mesh is rotatably provided in the screening trough, and a first drive motor for driving the screen mesh to rotate is provided on the outer wall of the screening trough;

[0007] A turning platform located at the bottom of the sorting channel is provided inside the machine body for rotation. A second driving motor for driving the turning platform is provided on the outer wall of the machine body. An infrared detection device located above the top surface of the turning platform is provided in the side wall of the machine body.

[0008] A discharge door panel is rotatably embedded in one side wall of the machine body, and an outer wall of the discharge door panel is hinged to the top surface of the discharge channel through a cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the vibration screening mechanism also includes a guide rod arranged at the corner of the top surface of the vibration base, and a vibration spring movably mounted on the outside of the guide rod. The output shaft end of the vibration motor is transmission-connected to the top edge of the screening trough, and the top edge of the screening trough is movably mounted on the outside of the guide rod and located on the top of the vibration spring.

[0010] Furthermore, both side edges of the screen are fixedly connected with screen clamps respectively, and one end of the screen clamp away from the screen is rotatably connected to the side wall of the screening trough.

[0011] Furthermore, the two screen clamps are coaxially arranged, and the axis of the screen clamp is located on a side of the screening trough away from the discharge channel.

[0012] Furthermore, an electromagnetic lock is embedded in the side wall of the screening trough away from the discharge channel, and the lock tongue of the electromagnetic lock is movably engaged with the edge of the screen.

[0013] Furthermore, when the output rod of the cylinder is extended, the unloading door panel tilts toward the inside of the machine body and the top end is located below the screen. After the first drive motor drives the screen to rotate, the end of the screen close to the unloading door panel swings downward and is located above the surface of the unloading door panel.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer surface of the unloading door panel is a vertically arranged concave arc surface.

[0015] Furthermore, a discharge chute located outside the machine body is provided at the bottom end of the discharge door panel.

[0016] Furthermore, the discharge channel is provided with an upwardly inclined section, a dust filter is embedded in the bottom wall of the upwardly inclined section, and a dust collection box is provided below the dust filter.

[0017] Furthermore, a controller and a control panel are provided on the outer wall of the body, and the control panel, the first drive motor, the second drive motor, the vibration motor, the cylinder, the fan and the infrared detection device are respectively connected to the controller.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. The present invention uses a vibrating screening mechanism to screen the material into large-size particles and small-size particles according to the particle size properties of the particles. The screened small-size particles are then sorted into light-density, small-mass particles and heavy-density, large-mass particles according to density and mass properties through an air separation channel. Finally, the dust in the light-density, small-mass particles is separated through a discharge channel with an upwardly inclined section and a dust filter. By combining physical separation technologies such as vibrating screening, wind separation, and sedimentation filtration, the particulate material is separated into four materials with different properties and automatically collected separately, so that powders of different particle sizes and properties can be effectively sorted out, thereby improving the sorting efficiency.

[0020] 2. The present invention sets an infrared detection device to judge the operating status of the equipment by monitoring the falling and accumulation status of the particles, and realizes automatic processing through the control system, which can automatically realize the automatic discharge of separated materials with different properties, with a high degree of intelligence;

[0021] 3. The present invention adopts a rotatable flip platform and a rotatable screen, as well as a flip discharge door panel, which can realize the automatic discharge of materials separated in each structure, realize the self-cleaning function, avoid manual cleaning, improve the sorting efficiency, and reduce the use cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural diagrams of the pneumatic sorting equipment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the pneumatic sorting equipment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the pneumatic sorting equipment of the present invention in a sorting working state;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the pneumatic sorting equipment of the present invention in the screen unloading state;

[0026] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the vibration screening mechanism;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the unloading door panel.

[0028] In the figure: 1. Machine body; 2. Fan; 201. Air inlet pipe; 3. Discharge channel; 4. Vibration screening mechanism; 401. Vibration base; 402. Vibration motor; 403. Screen trough; 404. Guide rod; 405. Vibration spring; 406. Screen; 407. First drive motor; 408. Screen clamp; 409. Electromagnetic lock; 5. Turning platform; 6. Infrared detection device; 7. Unloading door panel; 8. Cylinder; 9. Unloading chute; 10. Dust filter; 11. Dust collection box; 12. Control panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more precise definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "fixed to" another component, it may be directly fixed to the other component or there may be a central component.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] See attached Figures 1 to 6A pneumatic sorting device includes a body 1, a sorting channel is provided inside the body 1, a fan 2 connected to the inlet end of the sorting channel is provided on one side of the body 1, and a discharge channel 3 connected to the outlet end of the sorting channel is provided on the other side of the body 1. The body 1 is a square shell structure, and the vertical cavity inside it serves as a drop channel for the sorted granular material. The granular material is dispersed during the process of free falling in the drop channel; the sorting channel is provided at the bottom end of the drop channel, and the fan 2 continuously sends an airflow of a preset flow rate and wind speed into the sorting channel through the air inlet pipe 201, thereby blowing the falling granular material. Light-density, small-mass particles enter the discharge channel 3 along with the airflow and are then discharged and collected, while heavy-density, large-mass particles are retained at the bottom end of the drop channel and the sorting channel. Because this device involves the start-stop logic control of motors and cylinders, as well as the reception and analysis of infrared detection signals, an existing programmable logic device is configured on the outer wall of body 1 as a controller, which can be modified by modifying the corresponding control program. Furthermore, to facilitate the setting and adjustment of the operating parameters of each functional component, a control panel 12 is also provided on the outer wall of body 1, connected to the controller for parameter setting and operating status display, enabling human-machine interaction. The connection between the motor, cylinder, and infrared detection device and the controller, the controller's logical control method, and the operating principles of each functional component are all prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0033] The structural composition and working principle of the innovative design part of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0034] A vibrating screening mechanism 4 is provided at the top of the machine body 1, which is used for the initial screening of the granular material, that is, screening according to the volume of the granular material, so that the granular material within the particle size range that meets the requirements of the sorting process passes through and enters the drop channel to continue to complete the subsequent air separation, while the granular material with a large particle size is intercepted and needs to be further mechanically crushed before feeding and screening.

[0035] Specifically, the vibration screening mechanism 4 includes a vibration base 401 that is fastened to the top of the body 1, a vibration motor 402 that is fixedly arranged at the edge of the vibration base 401, and a screening trough 403 that is movably arranged in the top of the vibration base 401. The vibration base 401 is a square frame structure that is through-through from top to bottom, and its bottom end is fastened to the top of the body 1 and can be fastened by a locking screw. The screening trough 403 is a square shell structure that is through-through from top to bottom, and its outer wall is slidably fitted with the inner wall of the blanking channel, so that the interior of the screening trough 403 is through-through with the blanking channel, and the screening trough 403 can move freely up and down in the blanking channel, while preventing dust generated by the screening material from overflowing from the joint. A vibration motor 402 is provided at the center position of the top surface of the left and right frames of the vibration base 401. The top of the screening trough 403 is provided with an outward-turned edge. The top wall of the output shaft end of the vibration motor 402 is abutted against the bottom surface of the top edge of the screening trough 403, thereby applying high-frequency vibration force to the screening trough 403.

[0036] The vibrating screening mechanism 4 also includes a guide rod 404 positioned at a corner of the top surface of the vibration base 401 and a vibration spring 405 that flexibly fits around the guide rod 404. The top edge of the screening trough 403 flexibly fits around the guide rod 404 and rests on top of the vibration spring 405. The guide rod 404 is a polished bolt, the end of which engages a nut, allowing the top edges of the vibration base 401 and the screening trough 404 to flexibly fit around the guide rod 404, keeping the vibration spring 405 in a properly compressed and preloaded state. The vibration spring 405, in conjunction with the vibration motor 402, drives the screening trough 403 to vibrate at a high frequency within the top of the material delivery channel.

[0037] A screen 406 is rotatably mounted within the screening trough 403, and a first drive motor 407 is mounted on the outer wall of the screening trough 403 to drive the screen 406. Specifically, screen clamps 408 are fixedly mounted on the left and right edges of the screen 406. The edges of the screen 406 are located within the two clips of the screen clamps 408 and are secured by locking screws. The end of the screen clamps 408, which is away from the screen 406, is rotatably mounted within the side wall of the screening trough 403. That is, the outer end of the screen clamps 408 is a cylindrical structure. A plurality of bearing mounting holes are provided on the left and right side walls of the screening trough 403. Bearings are embedded in the bearing mounting holes. Bearing caps are mounted on the outer side of the bearings. The bearing caps are fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the screening trough 403 by screws, allowing the two screen clamps 408 to rotate within the screening trough 403, thereby allowing the screen 406 to switch between a horizontal position corresponding to the screening state and an inclined position corresponding to the unloading state. Since the screen 406 switches positions back and forth and swings within a range of less than 90 degrees, the first drive motor 407 can be a steering gear, a stepping motor or a servo motor.

[0038] Preferably, an electromagnetic lock 409 is embedded in the side wall (front side wall) of the screening trough 403 away from the discharge channel, and the lock tongue of the electromagnetic lock 409 is movably engaged with the edge of the screen 406. When the screen 406 is in the screening state, its position is set horizontally, and the first drive motor 407 can lock the rotating shaft of the screen 406 (corresponding to the end of the screen clamp 408) to keep it in a horizontal state. The lock tongue of the electromagnetic lock 409 is also set in the clamp structure and is set horizontally. When the lock tongue is extended, it clamps the front edge of the screen 406, limiting the rotational freedom of the screen 406. In conjunction with the first drive motor 407, it can further ensure that the screen 406 is stably in a horizontal state. When unloading is required, the lock tongue of the electromagnetic lock 409 is first retracted, and then the first drive motor 407 can drive the two screen clamps 408 and the screen 406 to rotate, so that the screen 406 is switched to an inclined state, and the large particles retained on its surface can naturally roll down along the inclined surface; after the large particles are cleaned up, the first drive motor 407 drives the screen 406 to return to a horizontal state, and the lock tongue of the electromagnetic lock 409 is extended again, and the front edge of the screen 406 is clamped again.

[0039] The body 1 is internally provided with a turning platform 5 at the bottom of the sorting channel, and the outer wall of the body 1 is provided with a second drive motor (not shown in the figure) that drives the turning platform 5 to rotate. The side wall of the body 1 is provided with an infrared detection device 6 located above the top surface of the turning platform 5. The particulate material sieved by the screen 406 is evenly dispersed and naturally falls, and is further sorted in the sorting channel. Under the action of the airflow sent in by the fan 2, light-density, small-mass particles enter the discharge channel 3 with the airflow, while heavy-density, large-mass particles are evenly scattered on the top surface of the turning platform 5. When the particulate matter accumulated on the turning platform 5 reaches a certain height, it will have an adverse effect on the airflow in the sorting channel, and therefore needs to be cleaned up in time. The infrared detection device 6 monitors the scattered light in real time and sends a detection signal to the controller in real time. When a certain threshold is reached (i.e., the material accumulated on the surface of the turning platform 5 reaches a preset height), the controller automatically controls the fan 2 to stop working and starts the second drive motor to work, causing the turning platform 5 to turn 180 degrees, so that the material accumulated on its surface naturally falls into the material storage box located below it. After turning for a preset time (such as 5 seconds), the second drive motor automatically drives the turning platform 5 to turn 180 degrees again to restore it to the working state, and simultaneously starts the fan 2 to resume working state.

[0040] A discharge door panel 7 is rotatably embedded in one side wall (the rear side wall) of the machine body 1. The outer wall of the discharge door panel 7 is hinged to the top surface of the discharge channel via a cylinder 8. Specifically, a square discharge port located above the discharge channel 3 is provided in the rear side wall of the machine body 1. The discharge door panel 7 is a square plate that matches the square discharge port, and its bottom end is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the square discharge port via a rotating shaft. During the normal material sorting process, the output rod of the cylinder 8 is in a retracted state, applying a tensioning force to the top of the discharge door panel 7, causing the top of the discharge door panel 7 to overlap the top of the inner wall of the square discharge port, thereby keeping the discharge door panel 7 in a vertical position. The inner wall of the discharge door panel 7 is connected to the inner wall of the machine body 1 to form a single wall surface, that is, the discharge door panel 7 blocks the square discharge port.

[0041] Infrared detection device 6 monitors the light scattering of falling particles in real time and is used to determine whether the granular material in screening trough 403 has been screened. When the granular material is screened, no more particles fall from below screen 406. At this time, the large-sized particles on screen 406 need to be cleaned. Infrared detection device 6 monitors the light scattering in real time and sends a detection signal to the controller in real time. When the material in screen 406 is screened, the controller automatically controls fan 2 to stop working and starts cylinder 8. The output rod of cylinder 8 extends and pushes the top of discharge door panel 7 to swing inward from the machine body 1, causing discharge door panel 7 to tilt and position the top of discharge door panel 7 below screen 406. Then, the controller starts first drive motor 407, driving screen 406 to tilt downward. At this time, the end of screen 406 near the discharge door panel (i.e., the lower rear end) is located above the surface of discharge door panel 7. In this way, the large particles above the screen 406 naturally roll down onto the discharge door plate 7, and then slide down along the surface of the discharge door plate 7 to the outside of the bottom end of the square discharge opening. After the discharge is completed, the controller controls the first drive motor 407 to turn the screen 406 to a horizontal position, and then activates the cylinder 8 to reverse, causing the discharge door plate 7 to block the square discharge opening again, and simultaneously starts the fan 2 to resume operation.

[0042] Preferably, the two screen clamps 408 are coaxially arranged, with their axes located on the side of the sieve trough 403 facing away from the discharge channel 2, i.e., on the front half of the left and right sidewalls of the sieve trough 403. This allows the rear end of the screen 406 to achieve a large swing at a small swing angle, facilitating the connection between the rear end of the tilted screen 406 and the top of the tilted discharge door 7. Simultaneously, the reciprocating impact of the screen 406 against the top surface of the discharge door 7 vibrates particles trapped within the meshes of the screen 406, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the screen 406. Furthermore, a discharge chute 9 is provided at the bottom end of the discharge door 7, located outside the machine body 1. In this embodiment, the discharge chute 9 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the discharge channel 3, allowing large particles that slip from the discharge door 7 to fall into the discharge chute 9 for centralized collection. The outer surface of the discharge door 7 is a vertically disposed concave arc surface. In this way, when the discharge door panel 7 is in an inclined state and serves as a sliding channel for the granular materials, the granular materials will fall down in a concentrated manner through the center position of the discharge door panel 7, which is convenient for the automatic collection of the materials in the discharge chute 9.

[0043] The discharge channel 3 is equipped with an upwardly inclined section, the bottom wall of which is embedded with a dust filter 10. A dust collection box 11 is located below the dust filter 10. The lower particulate material falling into the sorting channel undergoes secondary sorting under the influence of the airflow. Lightweight and lightweight particulate material enters the discharge channel 3 with the airflow. As it rises along the upwardly inclined section, dust mixed with the particulate material is hindered by the slope of the inclined section and settles. It then slides down the wall of the inclined section and enters the dust collection box 11 through the dust filter 10 for centralized collection. This method separates the dust from the small particulate material.

[0044] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0045] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic sorting device, comprising a body, a sorting channel disposed inside the body, a blower connected to the inlet end of the sorting channel disposed on one side of the body, and a discharge channel connected to the outlet end of the sorting channel disposed on the other side of the body, characterized in that: The top of the machine body is provided with a vibrating screening mechanism, which includes a vibrating base buckled on the top of the machine body, a vibrating motor fixedly arranged at the edge of the vibrating base, and a screening trough movably arranged in the top of the vibrating base. The output shaft end of the vibrating motor is in transmission connection with the top edge of the screening trough. A screen is rotatably arranged in the screening trough, and a first driving motor for driving the screen to rotate is provided on the outer wall of the screening trough; A turning platform located at the bottom of the sorting channel is provided inside the machine body for rotation. A second driving motor for driving the turning platform is provided on the outer wall of the machine body. An infrared detection device located above the top surface of the turning platform is provided in the side wall of the machine body. A discharge door panel is rotatably embedded in one side wall of the machine body, and an outer wall of the discharge door panel is hinged to the top surface of the discharge channel through a cylinder.

2. The pneumatic sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration screening mechanism also includes a guide rod arranged at the corner of the top surface of the vibration base, and a vibration spring movably sleeved on the outside of the guide rod. The top edge of the screening trough is movably sleeved on the outside of the guide rod and located on the top of the vibration spring.

3. The pneumatic sorting equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two side edges of the screen are respectively fixedly connected with screen clamps, and one end of the screen clamp away from the screen is rotatably connected to the side wall of the screening trough.

4. The pneumatic sorting equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two screen clamps are coaxially arranged, and the axes of the screen clamps are located on a side of the screening trough away from the discharge channel.

5. The pneumatic sorting equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: An electromagnetic lock is embedded in the side wall of the screening trough away from the discharging channel, and a lock tongue of the electromagnetic lock is movably engaged with the edge of the screen.

6. The pneumatic sorting equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: When the output rod of the cylinder is extended, the discharge door panel tilts toward the inside of the machine body and the top end is located below the screen. After the first drive motor drives the screen to rotate, the end of the screen close to the discharge door panel swings downward and is located above the surface of the discharge door panel.

7. The pneumatic sorting equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer surface of the unloading door plate is a vertically arranged concave arc surface.

8. The pneumatic sorting equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom end of the unloading door panel is provided with a unloading chute located outside the machine body.

9. The pneumatic sorting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 7 or 8, characterized in that: The discharging channel is provided with an upward inclined section, a dust filter is embedded in the bottom wall of the upward inclined section, and a dust collection box is provided below the dust filter.

10. The pneumatic sorting equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 7 or 8, characterized in that: A controller and a control panel are also provided on the outer wall of the machine body. The control panel, the first drive motor, the second drive motor, the vibration motor, the cylinder, the fan and the infrared detection device are respectively connected to the controller.

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