Engine cylinder cover air tightness detection machine

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of engine cylinder cover detection, and provides an engine cylinder cover airtightness detection machine which comprises a case, a rack is erected at the top end of the case, a feeding mechanism is installed in the middle of the top end of the case, and a limiting mechanism is installed at the position, under the feeding mechanism, of the case. A left clamping mechanism is installed on the side, located on the feeding mechanism, of the machine box, and a right clamping mechanism is installed on the side, located on the feeding mechanism and away from the left clamping mechanism, of the machine box. The cylinder plug mechanism is arranged and used for plugging a piston hole in the cylinder cover to ensure the accuracy of the detection position of the cylinder cover, the airtightness detection mechanism is arranged and used for detecting the airtightness of an air hole in the cylinder cover, and the detection accuracy of the cylinder cover is improved through the coordination work of all the structures. The accurate positioning of the detection position and the sealing of the cylinder cover cavity are ensured, the automatic airtightness detection of the cylinder cover is realized, and the detection efficiency and accuracy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engine cylinder cover detection, in particular to an engine cylinder cover air tightness detection machine. Background Art

[0002] The engine cylinder head is the core component of the internal combustion engine. It is positioned as the sealing cover of the engine and the mechanical part that closes the cylinder. It is usually cast from cast iron or aluminum alloy, installed on the top of the cylinder and forms a combustion chamber with the piston. It integrates structures such as the water jacket, valve guide holes and cooling fins, and has the functions of sealing, installing the valve mechanism and dissipating heat. Some designs cast the camshaft support seat and the cylinder head as an integrated whole.

[0003] Traditional engine cylinder head air tightness detection methods usually rely on manual operation. Existing automated detection equipment is usually inaccurately positioned, prone to deviation during cylinder head detection, low efficiency and difficult to guarantee accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine, which aims to solve the problems that traditional engine cylinder head air tightness testing methods usually rely on manual operation, existing automated testing equipment is usually inaccurate in positioning, easily deviates during cylinder head testing, has low efficiency and is difficult to ensure accuracy.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: an engine cylinder head air tightness detection machine includes a chassis, a frame is mounted on the top of the chassis, a feeding mechanism is installed at the middle position of the top of the chassis, a limiting mechanism is installed on the chassis directly below the feeding mechanism, a left clamping mechanism is installed on the side of the chassis located at the feeding mechanism, a right clamping mechanism is installed on the side of the chassis located away from the left clamping mechanism, a capping mechanism is installed on the chassis directly above the feeding mechanism, several groups of cylinder plug mechanisms are installed on the capping mechanism, a rear clamping mechanism is installed on the side of the chassis located at the feeding mechanism, and an air tightness detection mechanism is installed on the right clamping mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the feeding mechanism includes: slide rails, which are provided with two groups, and the two groups of slide rails are arranged in parallel at the top of the chassis, and each of the two groups of slide rails is provided with a slider, and a supporting plate is mounted on the two groups of sliders, and a cylinder head seat is provided at the top of the supporting plate, and a handle is provided on one side wall of the supporting plate, and the chassis is provided with a surrounding plate on the outer side of the supporting plate, and a groove is provided at the bottom of the supporting plate.

[0007] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that it is used to carry the cylinder cover to feed into the device, making loading and unloading convenient.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting mechanism includes: a limiting cylinder, the limiting cylinder is fixedly mounted on the chassis, the output end of the limiting cylinder is fixedly connected to the limiting top seat, the top of the limiting top seat is provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion is adapted to the groove.

[0009] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that it is used to limit the bearing plate on the feeding mechanism, so as to facilitate the fixing of the cylinder cover detection position.

[0010] Preferably, the left clamping mechanism includes: a left clamping seat, the left clamping seat is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis, a left clamping cylinder is installed on the left clamping seat, and the output end of the left clamping cylinder is fixedly connected to the left top plate.

[0011] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is: by providing a left clamping mechanism for cooperating with the right clamping mechanism, the cylinder cover on the feeding mechanism is clamped and fixed on the left and right sides to ensure that the cylinder cover will not be displaced during detection, thereby improving the accuracy of detection.

[0012] Preferably, the right clamping mechanism includes: a right clamping seat, the right clamping seat is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis, a right clamping cylinder is installed on the right clamping seat, and the output end of the right clamping cylinder is fixedly connected to the right top plate.

[0013] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is: in cooperation with the left clamping mechanism, the cylinder cover on the feeding mechanism is clamped and fixed on the left and right sides, ensuring that the cylinder cover will not be displaced during detection, thereby improving the accuracy of detection.

[0014] Preferably, the capping mechanism includes: support columns, which are provided in four groups. The four groups of support columns are vertically installed on the chassis and are fixedly connected to a mounting plate on the top. A capping cylinder is installed on the top of the mounting plate. The output end of the capping cylinder passes through the mounting plate and extends downward. The output end of the capping cylinder is fixedly connected to a lifting plate. Two groups of guide columns are symmetrically provided at both ends of the lifting plate, and a cylinder cover sleeve is provided at the bottom of the lifting plate.

[0015] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that it is used to press and fix the cylinder head directly below.

[0016] Preferably, the cylinder plug mechanism includes: a cylinder plug cylinder, the cylinder plug cylinder is mounted on the cylinder head sleeve, the output end of the cylinder plug cylinder passes through the cylinder plug cylinder and extends inward, and the output end of the cylinder plug cylinder is fixedly connected to the plug sleeve.

[0017] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that it is used to seal the piston hole on the cylinder cover.

[0018] Preferably, the rear clamping mechanism includes: a rear clamping seat, the rear clamping seat is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis, two groups of rear clamping cylinders are obliquely and symmetrically installed on the rear clamping seat, and the output ends of the rear clamping cylinders are fixedly connected to the rear top plate.

[0019] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that it is used to limit and fix the rear side of the cylinder head, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the detection position of the cylinder head.

[0020] Preferably, the airtightness detection mechanism includes a detection joint, which is fixedly mounted on the right top plate. An air pipe is fixedly connected to the detection joint, and an airtightness detector is mounted on the other end of the air pipe away from the detection joint.

[0021] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that it is used to detect the air tightness of the air holes on the cylinder head.

[0022] Preferably, it also includes a PLC controller, which is installed on the rack and is used to control the operation of the equipment.

[0023] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that it facilitates the normal operation of the device controlled by the PLC controller.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: an engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine of the present invention is provided with a limiting mechanism for limiting the supporting plate on the feeding mechanism, so as to fix the cylinder head testing position; a left clamping mechanism is provided for cooperating with the right clamping mechanism to clamp and fix the cylinder head on the feeding mechanism to the left and right sides, thereby ensuring that the cylinder head will not be displaced during testing, thereby improving the accuracy of testing; a pressing mechanism is provided for pressing and fixing the cylinder head directly below; a cylinder plug mechanism is provided for sealing the piston hole on the cylinder head; a rear clamping mechanism is provided for limiting and fixing the rear side of the cylinder head, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the testing position of the cylinder head; an airtight testing mechanism is provided for testing the air tightness of the air holes on the cylinder head; through the coordinated work of various structures, it is ensured that the testing position is accurately positioned and the cylinder head cavity is sealed, thereby realizing automatic airtight testing of the cylinder head, thereby improving testing efficiency and accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A side structural diagram of

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism structure;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A side structural diagram of

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism structure;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the left clamping mechanism structure;

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure at center A;

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cover mechanism and cylinder plug mechanism structure;

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the rear clamping mechanism structure.

[0034] In the figure: 1, chassis; 2, frame; 3, feeding mechanism; 31, slide rail; 32, slider; 33, load plate; 34, cylinder head seat; 35, handle; 36, enclosure; 4, limit mechanism; 41, limit cylinder; 42, limit top seat; 5, left clamping mechanism; 51, left clamping seat; 52, left clamping cylinder; 53, left top plate; 6, right clamping mechanism; 61, right clamping seat; 62, right clamping cylinder; 63, right top plate; 7 , capping mechanism; 71. Support column; 72. Mounting plate; 73. Capping cylinder; 74. Lifting plate; 75. Guide column; 76. Cylinder head sleeve; 8. Cylinder plug mechanism; 81. Cylinder plug cylinder; 82. Plug sleeve; 9. Rear clamping mechanism; 91. Rear clamping seat; 92. Rear clamping cylinder; 93. Rear top plate; 10. Airtightness detection mechanism; 101. Detection joint; 102. Air pipe; 103. Airtightness detector; 20. PLC controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0036] See also Figure 1-9The present invention provides a technical solution for an engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine: an engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine, comprising a chassis 1, a frame 2 is mounted on the top of the chassis 1, a feeding mechanism 3 is installed at the middle position of the top of the chassis 1, a limiting mechanism 4 is installed on the chassis 1 directly below the feeding mechanism 3, a left clamping mechanism 5 is installed on one side of the chassis 1 located at the feeding mechanism 3, a right clamping mechanism 6 is installed on the side of the chassis 1 located at the feeding mechanism 3 away from the left clamping mechanism 5, a capping mechanism 7 is installed on the chassis 1 directly above the feeding mechanism 3, several groups of cylinder plug mechanisms 8 are installed on the capping mechanism 7, a rear clamping mechanism 9 is installed on one side of the chassis 1 located at the feeding mechanism 3, and an air tightness testing mechanism 10 is installed on the right clamping mechanism 6.

[0037] In this embodiment, a feeding mechanism 3 is provided for carrying the cylinder head to feed into the device, which is convenient for loading and unloading. A limiting mechanism 4 is provided for limiting the carrying plate 33 on the feeding mechanism 3 to facilitate fixing the cylinder head detection position. A left clamping mechanism 5 is provided for cooperating with the right clamping mechanism 6 to clamp and fix the cylinder head on the feeding mechanism 3 to the left and right, ensuring that the cylinder head does not move during detection, thereby improving the accuracy of detection. A pressing mechanism 7 is provided for pressing and fixing the cylinder head directly below. A cylinder plug mechanism 8 is provided for sealing the piston hole on the cylinder head. A rear clamping mechanism 9 is provided for limiting and fixing the rear side of the cylinder head to ensure the accuracy of the detection position of the cylinder head. An airtight detection mechanism 10 is provided for detecting the airtightness of the air holes on the cylinder head. Through the coordinated work of various structures, it is ensured that the detection position is accurately positioned and the cylinder head cavity is sealed, thereby realizing automatic airtight detection of the cylinder head and improving detection efficiency and accuracy.

[0038] Furthermore, the feeding mechanism 3 includes: slide rails 31, there are two groups of slide rails 31, the two groups of slide rails 31 are arranged in parallel at the top of the chassis 1, and a slider 32 is provided on each of the two groups of slide rails 31. A supporting plate 33 is mounted on the two groups of sliders 32, and a cylinder head seat 34 is provided on the top of the supporting plate 33. A handle 35 is provided on one side wall of the supporting plate 33. The chassis 1 is located on the outer side of the supporting plate 33 and is surrounded by a panel 36. A groove is provided at the bottom of the supporting plate 33.

[0039] In this embodiment, a feeding mechanism 3 is provided for carrying the cylinder head to feed into the device, which is convenient for loading and unloading. The feeding mechanism 3 includes a slide rail 31. The slider 32 is connected by sliding on two symmetrical slide rails 31, and the cylinder head seat 34 is fixedly connected to the supporting plate 33, which is convenient for placing the cylinder head on the cylinder head seat 34. The staff pushes the supporting plate 34 to slide on the slide rail 31 through the handle 35, which is convenient for pushing the cylinder head into the device during inspection and pushing the cylinder head out during unloading, which is convenient for loading and unloading the cylinder head. By providing a surrounding plate 36 on the outer side of the slide rail 31, it is convenient to quickly locate the inspection position, thereby improving the inspection efficiency.

[0040] Typically, the limiting mechanism 4 includes: a limiting cylinder 41, the limiting cylinder 41 is fixedly mounted on the chassis 1, the output end of the limiting cylinder 41 is fixedly connected to the limiting top seat 41, the top of the limiting top seat 41 is provided with a bump, the bump and the groove fit together.

[0041] In this embodiment, a limiting mechanism 4 is provided to limit the supporting plate 33 on the feeding mechanism 3, so as to fix the cylinder head detection position. The limiting mechanism 4 includes a limiting cylinder 41. When the upper supporting plate 33 reaches the detection position, the limiting top seat 41 is driven to rise by the limiting cylinder 41, and the protrusion at the top of the limiting top seat 41 is pushed into the groove at the bottom of the supporting plate 33 to prevent the supporting plate 33 from sliding on the slide rail 31, thereby limiting its position and improving the accuracy of the positioning. When unloading, the limiting top seat 41 is driven to descend by the limiting cylinder 41 to release the limit.

[0042] Specifically, the left clamping mechanism 5 includes: a left clamping seat 51, the left clamping seat 51 is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis 1, the left clamping seat 51 is mounted with a left clamping cylinder 52, the output end of the left clamping cylinder 52 is fixedly connected to the left top plate 53.

[0043] In this embodiment, a left clamping mechanism 5 is provided for cooperating with the right clamping mechanism 6 to clamp and fix the cylinder head on the feeding mechanism 3 to the left and right sides, thereby ensuring that the cylinder head does not move during detection and improving the accuracy of detection. The left clamping mechanism 5 includes a left clamping seat 51, and a left clamping cylinder 52 is installed on the clamping seat 51. The left clamping cylinder 52 is driven to drive the left top plate 53 to clamp the cylinder head to the right.

[0044] In addition, the right clamping mechanism 6 includes: a right clamping seat 61, the right clamping seat 61 is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis 1, the right clamping seat 61 is mounted with a right clamping cylinder 62, the output end of the right clamping cylinder 62 is fixedly connected to the right top plate 63.

[0045] In this embodiment, a right clamping mechanism 6 is provided to cooperate with the left clamping mechanism 5 to clamp and fix the cylinder cover on the feeding mechanism 3 to the left and right sides, thereby ensuring that the cylinder cover does not move during detection and improving the accuracy of detection. Its structure and function are basically similar to those of the left clamping mechanism 5 and will not be described in detail here.

[0046] In addition; the capping mechanism 7 includes: support columns 71, and there are four groups of support columns 71. The four groups of support columns 71 are vertically installed on the chassis 1, and the top is fixedly connected to a mounting plate 72. A capping cylinder 73 is installed on the top of the mounting plate 72. The output end of the capping cylinder 73 passes through the mounting plate 72 and extends downward. The output end of the capping cylinder 73 is fixedly connected to a lifting plate 74. Two groups of guide columns 75 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the lifting plate 74, and a cylinder cover sleeve 76 is provided at the bottom of the lifting plate 74.

[0047] In this embodiment, a capping mechanism 7 is provided for capping and fixing the cylinder head directly below. The capping mechanism 7 includes a support column 71. A mounting plate 72 is fixed to the top of the support column 71, so that the capping cylinder 73 can be conveniently installed on the mounting plate 72. The capping cylinder 73 is driven to drive the lifting plate 74 at the bottom to move up and down, and the cylinder head sleeve 76 at the bottom is mounted on the cylinder head to be tested directly below, wherein the cylinder head sleeve 76 is adapted to the cylinder head to be tested, and is used to improve the accuracy of the air tightness test. Guide columns 75 are provided at both ends of the lifting plate 74 to cooperate with the guide sleeves on the mounting plate 72 to ensure the stability of the lifting plate 74 when moving up and down.

[0048] further; the cylinder plug mechanism 8 comprises: a cylinder plug cylinder 81, the cylinder plug cylinder 81 is mounted on the cylinder head sleeve 76, the output end of the cylinder plug cylinder 81 extends inwardly through the cylinder plug cylinder 81, and the output end of the cylinder plug cylinder 81 is fixedly connected to the plug sleeve 82.

[0049] In this embodiment, a cylinder plug mechanism 8 is provided to seal the piston hole on the cylinder head, wherein the cylinder plug mechanism 8 is provided in several groups, and several groups of cylinder plug mechanisms 8 are provided in two rows, which are symmetrically installed on the cylinder head sleeve 76 and adapted to the piston hole of the cylinder head. One group of cylinder plug mechanisms 8 includes a cylinder plug cylinder 81, which drives the cylinder plug cylinder 81 to drive the plug sleeve 82 into the piston hole.

[0050] Further; the rear clamping mechanism 9 includes: a rear clamping seat 91, the rear clamping seat 91 is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis 1, and two sets of rear clamping cylinders 92 are obliquely and symmetrically installed on the rear clamping seat 91, and the output ends of the rear clamping cylinders 92 are fixedly connected to the rear top plate 93.

[0051] In this embodiment, a rear clamping mechanism 9 is provided to limit and fix the rear side of the cylinder head to ensure the accuracy of the detection position of the cylinder head. The rear clamping mechanism 9 includes a rear clamping seat 91, and a rear clamping cylinder 92 is installed on the rear clamping seat 91. The rear clamping cylinder 92 drives the rear top plate 93 to extend and retract to limit and fix the rear side of the cylinder head.

[0052] further; the airtightness detection mechanism 10 includes a detection connector 101, the detection connector 101 is fixedly mounted on the right top plate 63, the detection connector 101 is fixedly connected to the air pipe 102, the air pipe 102 away from the other end of the detection connector 101 is installed with an airtightness detector 103.

[0053] In this embodiment, an airtightness detection mechanism 10 is provided for detecting the air tightness of the air holes on the cylinder head. The airtightness detection mechanism 10 includes a detection joint 10, which is adapted to the air holes on the cylinder head. The detection joint 10 can be provided in one or more groups. Compressed air (or nitrogen) of a certain pressure is filled into the combustion chamber, water channel and oil channel on the cylinder head in sequence or simultaneously. The airtightness is judged by monitoring the pressure drop rate or leakage amount through the airtightness detector 103. The installation position of the detection joint 10 is adapted to the cylinder head. Since the positions of the air holes of different types of cylinder heads are different, they are not described in detail here.

[0054] It should be noted that it also includes a PLC controller 20, which is installed on the rack 2 and is used to control the operation of the device.

[0055] In this embodiment, a PLC controller 20 is provided to control the normal operation of the device, wherein each cylinder and detector in the device is electrically connected to the PLC controller 20, so that the PLC controller 20 can control the normal operation of the device.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An engine cylinder head air tightness tester, characterized by: The invention comprises a chassis (1), a frame (2) is mounted on the top of the chassis (1), a feeding mechanism (3) is mounted at the middle position of the top of the chassis (1), a limiting mechanism (4) is mounted on the chassis (1) directly below the feeding mechanism (3), a left clamping mechanism (5) is mounted on the chassis (1) on one side of the feeding mechanism (3), a right clamping mechanism (6) is mounted on the chassis (1) on the side of the feeding mechanism (3) away from the left clamping mechanism (5), a capping mechanism (7) is mounted on the chassis (1) directly above the feeding mechanism (3), a plurality of cylinder plug mechanisms (8) are mounted on the capping mechanism (7), a rear clamping mechanism (9) is mounted on the chassis (1) on one side of the feeding mechanism (3), and an airtightness detection mechanism (10) is mounted on the right clamping mechanism (6).

2. The engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (3) comprises: a slide rail (31), wherein the slide rail (31) is provided with two groups, and the two groups of slide rails (31) are arranged in parallel at the top of the chassis (1), and a slider (32) is provided on each of the two groups of slide rails (31), and a supporting plate (33) is mounted on the two groups of sliders (32), and a cylinder cover seat (34) is provided at the top of the supporting plate (33), and a handle (35) is provided on one side wall of the supporting plate (33), and the chassis (1) is provided with a surrounding plate (36) on the outer side of the supporting plate (33), and a groove is provided at the bottom of the supporting plate (33).

3. The engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism (4) comprises: a limiting cylinder (41), the limiting cylinder (41) is fixedly mounted on the chassis (1), the output end of the limiting cylinder (41) is fixedly connected to the limiting top seat (41), and the top end of the limiting top seat (41) is provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion is adapted to the groove.

4. The engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left clamping mechanism (5) comprises a left clamping seat (51), the left clamping seat (51) is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis (1), a left clamping cylinder (52) is installed on the left clamping seat (51), and the output end of the left clamping cylinder (52) is fixedly connected to a left top plate (53).

5. The engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right clamping mechanism (6) comprises: a right clamping seat (61), the right clamping seat (61) is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis (1), a right clamping cylinder (62) is installed on the right clamping seat (61), and the output end of the right clamping cylinder (62) is fixedly connected to the right top plate (63).

6. The engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capping mechanism (7) comprises: support columns (71), four groups of support columns (71) are provided, the four groups of support columns (71) are vertically mounted on the chassis (1), and the tops are fixedly connected to a mounting plate (72), a capping cylinder (73) is installed on the top of the mounting plate (72), the output end of the capping cylinder (73) passes through the mounting plate (72) and extends downward, the output end of the capping cylinder (73) is fixedly connected to a lifting plate (74), two groups of guide columns (75) are symmetrically provided at both ends of the lifting plate (74), and a cylinder cover sleeve (76) is provided at the bottom of the lifting plate (74).

7. The engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder plug mechanism (8) comprises: a cylinder plug cylinder (81), the cylinder plug cylinder (81) being mounted on a cylinder head sleeve (76), the output end of the cylinder plug cylinder (81) passing through the cylinder plug cylinder (81) and extending inwardly, and the output end of the cylinder plug cylinder (81) being fixedly connected to a sleeve (82).

8. The engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear clamping mechanism (9) comprises a rear clamping seat (91), the rear clamping seat (91) being fixedly connected to the top end of the chassis (1), two groups of rear clamping cylinders (92) being obliquely and symmetrically mounted on the rear clamping seat (91), and the output ends of the rear clamping cylinders (92) being fixedly connected to a rear top plate (93).

9. The engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The airtightness detection mechanism (10) comprises a detection joint (101), the detection joint (101) is fixedly mounted on the right top plate (63), an air pipe (102) is fixedly connected to the detection joint (101), and an airtightness detector (103) is mounted on the other end of the air pipe (102) away from the detection joint (101).

10. An engine cylinder head air tightness testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It also includes a PLC controller (20), which is installed on the frame (2) and is used to control the operation of the equipment.

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