Modular multi-cartridge structural frame with water management and integrated heating for adsorbent articles in direct air capture systems

Abstract

A direct air capture (DAC) device includes a plurality of DAC cartridges forming a stacked configuration. Each DAC cartridge includes a frame structure having a plurality of perforations that facilitate passage of fluid therethrough; a plurality of sorbent articles disposed in and supported by the frame structure; and a plurality of conduits, the conduits having a plurality of perforations that facilitate passage of fluid therethrough.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 433,968, filed on December 20, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 611,451, filed on December 18, 2023, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to composite articles of adsorbent materials and structures for supporting composite articles of adsorbent materials during adsorption and desorption processes (processes) of direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide (CO2). Background Art

[0003] Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels associated with greenhouse gas emissions have been shown to be harmful to the environment. As reported in the Climate.gov article "Climate Change: Atomspheric Carbon Dioxide," the average atmospheric CO2 level in 2019 was 409.8 parts per million (ppm), the highest level observed in the past 800,000 years. The report also indicates that the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 is significantly higher than in previous decades.

[0004] To limit climate change to acceptable levels, it is necessary not only to reduce CO2 emissions to zero in the near future, but also to achieve negative CO2 emissions. To achieve negative emissions, there are several possibilities, such as burning biomass for power generation, combined with CO2 capture from combustion flue gases and subsequent storage (BECCS), or with direct air capture (DAC) of CO2.

[0005] Direct capture of CO₂ from the atmosphere, known as "DAC," is one of several means of reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and holds attractive economic promise as a non-fossil, location-independent source of CO₂ for commodity markets and synthetic fuel production. Specific advantages of capturing CO₂ from the atmosphere include: a) DAC can address decentralized emission sources (e.g., vehicles...land, marine, and airborne), which contribute to a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions and cannot currently be captured at the point of emission in an economically viable manner; b) DAC can address legacy emissions and, therefore, can result in true negative emissions; c) DAC systems do not need to be attached to emission sources but can be location-independent and can be located at the point where the CO₂ is further processed or used.

[0006] There is a growing drive to develop and improve structures for facilitating the adsorption and desorption cycles of adsorbent materials so that these processes can be performed more efficiently. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Disclosed herein is a direct air capture (DAC) device and a control method thereof. In one example ("Example 1"), the DAC device includes a plurality of cartridges arranged in a stacked configuration. Each cartridge comprises a frame structure having a plurality of first perforations that facilitate passage of fluid therethrough in a first direction; a plurality of adsorbent articles disposed within and supported by the frame structure; and a plurality of conduits having a plurality of second perforations that facilitate passage of fluid therethrough in a second direction.

[0008] In another example ("Example 2") that is further developed relative to Example 1, the first perforations facilitate air flow therethrough, and the second perforations facilitate desorption medium flow therethrough.

[0009] In another example ("Example 3") further than Example 2, a plurality of cassettes are provided with gaps between adjacent cassettes to facilitate the flow of the desorption medium into the cassettes from each gap.

[0010] In another example (“Example 4”) that is further developed than Example 3, the gap facilitates mixing of the airflow to provide mixing or flow disturbance to the airflow.

[0011] In another example ("Example 5") further than Example 4, air mixing or flow disturbance between a first adsorbent article and a second adsorbent article in a plurality of adsorbent articles increases the amount of CO2 captured by the second adsorbent article compared to the first adsorbent article.

[0012] In another example ("Example 6") that is a step further than Example 3, the gap provides a location that facilitates the escape of water from within the sorbent article disposed in the cartridge.

[0013] In another example ("Example 7") that is further from any of the preceding examples, the box is tilted at an angle of 1 to 45 degrees relative to the horizontal axis.

[0014] In another example ("Example 8") further to any of the preceding examples, the DAC device further includes a perforation control mechanism operably coupled to the perforation of the cartridge and configured to control opening and closing of the perforation.

[0015] In another example ("Example 9") further to any of the preceding examples, the DAC device further includes a plurality of integrated flexible resistive heaters disposed between the frame structure of the cartridge and the sorbent article.

[0016] In another example ("Example 10") that is further relative to any of the foregoing examples, the plurality of boxes include at least a first type of box and a second type of box, and the first type of box includes a first type of adsorbent product, and the second type of box includes a second type of adsorbent product different from the first type.

[0017] In another example ("Example 11") further to any of the preceding examples, the plurality of boxes are compartmentalized along a plane.

[0018] In another example ("Example 12") further than any of Examples 1-11, the plurality of boxes are separated along two planes.

[0019] In one example ("Example 13"), a direct air capture (DAC) device includes a plurality of cartridges positioned adjacent to one another and further configured to receive an inlet flow having a first flow at a first flow rate and a second flow at a second flow rate less than the first flow rate. The plurality of cartridges includes a first type of cartridge having a first type of adsorbent suitable for the first flow rate and a second type of cartridge having a second type of adsorbent suitable for the second flow rate. The first type of cartridge is positioned within the plurality of cartridges to engage the first flow, and the second type of cartridge is positioned within the plurality of cartridges to engage the second flow.

[0020] In another example ("Example 14") further than Example 13, the second type of box is arranged at a peripheral edge of the plurality of boxes as viewed from the direction of the incoming flow.

[0021] In one example (“Example 15”), a direct air capture (DAC) device includes a plurality of cartridges, including an upstream cartridge and a downstream cartridge, wherein the upstream cartridge is configured to receive an incoming flow and is interposed between the incoming flow and the downstream cartridge. The upstream cartridge has a first type of adsorbent adapted to engage the incoming flow, and the downstream cartridge has a second type of adsorbent adapted to engage the incoming flow after the flow passes through the upstream cartridge.

[0022] In another example (“Example 16”) further related to Example 15, the plurality of cassettes further includes a midstream cassette disposed between the upstream cassette and the downstream cassette.

[0023] In another example ("Example 17") further than Example 16, the second type of sorbent is further adapted to join the incoming flow after the flow passes through the midstream box.

[0024] In one example (“Example 18”), a direct air capture (DAC) device includes a plurality of cartridges having an upstream surface for receiving an incoming flow and a downstream surface through which the incoming flow exits the plurality of cartridges, the plurality of cartridges further defining a flow path extending between the upstream surface and the downstream surface, the flow path configured to receive the incoming flow and direct the incoming flow to the downstream surface. The plurality of cartridges further define at least one gap disposed between the upstream surface and the downstream surface, the at least one gap defining a cross flow between the plurality of cartridges.

[0025] In another example ("Example 19") further than Example 18, at least one gap interrupts the flow path using surface(s) that disrupt the laminar nature of the lateral flow.

[0026] In another example ("Example 20") further than Example 18, at least one gap temporarily interrupts the flow path using surface(s) that cause the cross flow to travel in a direction away from the downstream surface.

[0027] In another example ("Example 21") further than Example 18, at least one gap interrupts the flow path by introducing an additional incoming flow that merges with the cross flow.

[0028] In another example ("Example 22") further than Example 18, at least one gap defines a drain for removing water from the plurality of cassettes.

[0029] In another example ("Example 23") further relative to Example 22, at least one gap is provided between an upstream box of a plurality of boxes and a downstream box of a plurality of boxes, and the drainage portion is configured to balance the upstream water volume contained in the upstream box and the downstream water volume contained in the downstream box.

[0030] In another example ("Example 24") further than Example 22 or 23, the plurality of boxes are arranged at a certain angle to promote water pooling in at least one box of the plurality of boxes.

[0031] In one example (“Example 25”), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving information about dispersing a first amount of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; initiating a method for separating a second amount of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location, the second amount being at least a portion of the first amount, wherein the separation method includes using an apparatus as described in any one of Examples 1-24; and initiating reporting of data about the second amount.

[0032] In one example ("Example 26"), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving information about a first amount of gaseous carbon dioxide; separating a second amount of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the second amount being at least a portion of the first amount, wherein the separation method includes using an apparatus as described in any one of Examples 1-24; and reporting data about the second amount.

[0033] In one example ("Example 27"), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: transmitting information about dispersing a first amount of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; requesting initiation of a method for separating a second amount of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location, the second amount being at least a portion of the first amount, wherein the separation method includes using an apparatus as described in any one of Examples 1-24; and receiving a report of data regarding the second amount.

[0034] In one example (“Example 28”), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving a first electronic communication from a computing device, the first electronic communication including information about dispersing a first amount of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; initiating separation of a second amount of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location by a carbon capture device, the second amount being at least a portion of the first amount, wherein the carbon capture device is a device described in any one of Examples 1-24; and initiating reporting of data associated with the carbon capture device regarding the second amount, wherein the data forms part of a second electronic communication.

[0035] In another example ("Example 29") further than Example 28, the second electronic communication is configured to be transmitted to a computing device.

[0036] In another example ("Example 30") further than Example 28 or 29, the second electronic communication is configured to be transmitted to an additional computing device.

[0037] In one example (“Example 31”), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving a first electronic communication from a computing device, the first electronic communication including information about a first amount of gaseous carbon dioxide; separating a second amount of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by a carbon capture device, the second amount being at least a portion of the first amount, wherein the carbon capture device is the device described in any one of Examples 1-24; and reporting data about the second amount associated with the carbon capture device as a second electronic communication.

[0038] In another example ("Example 32") further than Example 31, the second electronic communication is configured to be transmitted to a computing device.

[0039] In another example ("Example 33") further than Example 31 or 32, the second electronic communication is configured to be transmitted to an additional computing device.

[0040] In one example (“Example 34”), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: transmitting a first electronic communication to a computing device, the first electronic communication including information about dispersing a first amount of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; requesting separation of a second amount of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location by a carbon capture device, the second amount being at least a portion of the first amount, wherein the carbon capture device is the device described in any one of Examples 1-24; and receiving a second electronic communication including an indication of a report of data associated with the carbon capture device regarding the second amount.

[0041] In another example ("Example 35") further than Example 34, a second electronic communication is received from the computing device.

[0042] In another example ("Example 36") further than Example 34 or 35, the second electronic communication is received in response to transmitting the first electronic communication.

[0043] In one example ("Example 37"), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving information about dispersing a first amount of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; initiating separation of a second amount of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location, the second amount being at least a portion of the first amount, wherein the separation includes using an apparatus as described in any one of Examples 1-24; and initiating reporting of data about the second amount.

[0044] In one example ("Example 38"), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: transmitting information about dispersing a first amount of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; requesting separation of a second amount of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location, the second amount being at least a portion of the first amount, wherein the separation includes using an apparatus as described in any one of Examples 1-24; and receiving a report of data regarding the second amount.

[0045] The foregoing examples are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting or otherwise narrowing the scope of any inventive concept otherwise provided in this disclosure. Although a number of examples are disclosed, still other examples will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative examples. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description should be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive in nature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0047] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of a direct air capture (DAC) device having a plurality of cartridges in a stacked configuration, viewed from an angle, with an adsorbent article disposed therein, according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0048] Figure 1B is during one cycle in an adsorption / desorption cycle according to embodiments disclosed herein Figure 1A Schematic side view of the DAC device.

[0049] Figure 1C yes Figure 1B An enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 shows the connections formed between adjacent boxes according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0050] Figure 1D is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage process for adsorption and desorption, with the direction of fluid transport shown relative to the adsorbent assembly, according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0051] Figure 2A is a schematic side view of a DAC device during one of the adsorption / desorption processes according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0052] Figure 2B is a schematic side view of a DAC device during another one of the adsorption / desorption sequences according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0053] Figure 2C is a partial view of a portion of a conduit implemented with a perforation control mechanism according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0054] Figure 3 is a schematic side view of a DAC device having a resistive heating element implemented therein according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0055] Figure 4 is a schematic isometric view of a DAC device with different types of adsorbent materials implemented in a multi-cassette configuration according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0056] Figure 5 is a schematic isometric view of a DAC device having a plurality of cartridges in a stacked configuration with sorbent articles disposed therein according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0057] Figure 6Ais a schematic side view of a DAC device according to embodiments disclosed herein, illustrating the flow of air and desorption medium through the DAC device.

[0058] Figure 6B is a schematic side view of a DAC device according to embodiments disclosed herein, illustrating the flow of air and desorption medium through the DAC device.

[0059] Figure 6C According to the embodiments disclosed herein Figure 6B Schematic side view of the DAC apparatus, showing the flow of air during the desorption phase.

[0060] Figure 6D According to the embodiments disclosed herein Figure 6B Schematic side view of the DAC apparatus, showing the flow of the desorption medium during the desorption phase.

[0061] Figure 7A According to the embodiments disclosed herein Figure 6A Schematic side view of a DAC device showing water levels or water concentrations at different parts of the DAC device.

[0062] Figure 7B According to the embodiments disclosed herein Figure 6B Schematic side view of a DAC device showing water levels or water concentrations at different parts of the DAC device.

[0063] Figure 8A According to the embodiments disclosed herein Figure 6A Schematic side view of a DAC device, which is further tilted and shows the water level or water concentration at different parts of the DAC device.

[0064] Figure 8B According to the embodiments disclosed herein Figure 6B Schematic side view of a DAC device, which is further tilted and shows the water level or water concentration at different parts of the DAC device.

[0065] Figure 9A is a schematic diagram of a DAC device with multiple cartridges stacked along the length of the device, viewed from an angle during an adsorption phase, according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0066] Figure 9B is a schematic diagram of a DAC device having multiple cartridges stacked along the length of the device, viewed from an angle during a desorption phase, according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0067] Figures 10A to 10C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a DAC box showing the gas flow and CO2 molecules therein during operation.

[0068] Figure 11A is a schematic diagram of a DAC device with a desorption medium manifold according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0069] Figure 11B is a schematic diagram of a desorption media manifold according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0070] Figures 12A to 12D is an oblique view of tubing used to form desorption medium manifolds of different shapes and configurations according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0071] Figures 13A to 13D They are Figures 12A to 12D Cross-section of the pipe shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions and Terminology

[0072] This disclosure is not intended to be read in a limiting manner.For example, the terms used in this application should be read broadly in the context of the meaning that one skilled in the art would attribute to such terms.

[0073] Regarding imprecise terms, the terms "about" and "approximately" are used interchangeably to refer to a measurement value including the stated measurement value and also any measurement value that is reasonably (fairly) close to the stated measurement value. As understood and readily determined by a person skilled in the relevant art, a measurement value that is reasonably (fairly) close to the stated measurement value deviates from the stated measurement value by a reasonably small amount. Such deviations may be due to, for example, measurement errors, differences in calibration of the measurement value and / or manufacturing apparatus, human error in reading and / or setting the measurement value, fine-tuning performed to optimize performance and / or structural parameters taking into account differences in the measurement value associated with other components, specific implementation scenarios, imprecise adjustment and / or manipulation of the object by a person or machine, and / or the like. Where it is determined that a person skilled in the relevant art would not easily determine a value for such a reasonably small difference, the terms "about" and "approximately" may be understood to be the stated value plus or minus 10%.

[0074] Additionally, the term "direct air capture (DAC) device" is defined to include examples having a single DAC cartridge and multiple DAC cartridges (e.g., in a stacked configuration, as further described herein). The term "DAC cartridge" is defined as comprising a single frame structure (having any suitable framework for defining the shape and dimensions of the structure, as further described herein) at least partially filled with (one or more) adsorbent material composite articles, and can be used to capture CO2 directly from the atmosphere. As defined herein, a DAC device is also referred to as a carbon capture device that performs any method of separating gaseous CO2 from a gas mixture in the form of ambient air. Description of various embodiments

[0075] The present disclosure relates to devices for direct air capture (DAC) for adsorbing and separating one or more desired species from a source stream, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) from a dilute feed stream such as air. Such DAC devices may also be used in other adsorption methods and applications. These methods include, but are not limited to, adsorbing species from various inputs, including other gaseous feed streams (e.g., combustion exhaust) and liquid feed streams (e.g., seawater). The adsorbed species is not limited to CO2. Other adsorbed species may include, but are not limited to, other gas molecules (e.g., N2, CH4, and CO), liquid molecules, and solutes. In some embodiments, the input may be dilute, containing on the order of parts per million (ppm) of the adsorbed species.

[0076] Examples of articles and techniques for DAC include the use of articles comprising a substrate, such as a monomer, that can support or be coated with an adsorbent material. Various variations can be created by varying the type of substrate and the adsorbent used. However, these previously established articles and methods have limitations in their ability to efficiently cycle between adsorption and desorption states. They also have limitations with respect to the energy required to perform the process.

[0077] Swing adsorption is often a very energy-intensive process. Whether it is pressure swings, temperature swings or humidity swings, energy is required during many operating phases.

[0078] As an example, in temperature-vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) for direct air capture (DAC) of CO₂, the adsorption step may require a fan to force large volumes of air through an air contactor, such as a ceramic monolith or a plate pack having a series of adjacent plates with spaces between them. When the operator deems it useful to begin desorption (typically when the contactor has adsorbed a certain amount of CO₂), the fan can be turned off or deactivated to terminate the adsorption phase.

[0079] Once the adsorption phase is complete, the module's inlet and outlet are closed, providing a seal for negative pressure. Next, a vacuum can be applied to evacuate the air within the module, and steam can be applied to raise the temperature to a point where the adsorbent releases CO2. This CO2 is then pumped out of the module space and further processed to remove humidity. In the above process, the desorption step requires a large amount of energy to heat and then cool the module. During desorption, the temperature in the entire module volume must be raised from ambient (temperature) (which can be very low depending on the geographic location) to a temperature that is conducive to removing CO2 from the adsorbent. In many cases, steam is used for this temperature increase because it is efficient at transferring heat to the substance. The present invention aims to improve the efficiency of DAC systems by providing modules that can have variable volumes. For example, during the adsorption step, the air contactor or module can have a volume that allows air to flow through at very low pressure, thereby promoting the adsorption of CO2, and during the desorption step, the air contactor or module can have at least a second, reduced volume, which saves energy by reducing the amount of volume required to increase the temperature. Reducing the volume will also reduce the energy required to apply the negative pressure, although in some cases the negative pressure may be the force causing the volume reduction.

[0080] Similarly, in both wet swing adsorption and pressure swing adsorption processes, the desorption step is typically the most energy-intensive. In wet swing adsorption, energy is used to move moisture (water vapor) to the contactor, and once the CO2 is desorbed from the contactor, energy is used to dry the contactor. In pressure swing adsorption, energy is used to apply pressure to the adsorbent to cause the CO2 to be released from the adsorbent. In both cases, it may also be beneficial to provide an air contactor or module capable of a variable volume configuration. Current air contactors and modules are deficient in this regard.

[0081] Figure 1A and 1BA DAC device 100 according to examples disclosed herein is shown. DAC device 100 is a carbon capture device that includes a plurality of adsorbent material composite articles 106 capable of facilitating adsorption and desorption of one or more components of a feed stream 108 during each adsorption and desorption cycle. For example, feed stream 108 may be air flowing through DAC device 100, and the one or more components may include CO2 or any other aforementioned gas molecules. In some examples, desorbing article 106 may include immersing article 106 in a desorption source, such as water (or alternatively, in some examples, using steam or heat as a desorption source), to facilitate desorption of the CO2. Feed stream 108 can then escape from a plurality of DAC cartridges 101 as gas or vapor 110. The DAC cartridge 101 described herein may be those disclosed in co-pending International Application No. PCT / US2023 / 084791 (WL Gore & Associates, Inc.), filed December 19, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. The DAC cartridge 101 may also include adsorbent articles such as those disclosed in International Publication Nos. WO 2022 / 187730 (WL Gore & Associates, Inc.) and WO 2022 / 187733 (WL Gore & Associates, Inc.), the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0082] The article 106 can be held in place within the DAC device 100 (also referred to herein as a "DAC assembly") using a frame, support structure, or frame structure 102 that includes a plurality of holes or perforations 104 through which a fluid, such as a desorption medium (in some examples, the desorption medium can be one or more of: a hot liquid, steam, saturated steam, a superheated liquid, or any heat transfer material), is allowed to flow during the adsorption / desorption process described above. The "desorption medium" described herein may include those disclosed in U.S. Application No. 18 / 234,014 (WL Gore & Associates, Inc.), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. The DAC device 100 includes a plurality of DAC cassettes 101 in a stacked configuration. The article 106 can be inserted or disposed within and supported by the frame structure 102 to form a DAC cassette 101, which can be installed in a DAC reactor in any suitable configuration as further described herein. The DAC device 100 and its components, support structure, and frame structure 102 may be those disclosed in co-pending International Application No. PCT / US2023 / 084791 (WL Gore & Associates, Inc.), filed December 19, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. The DAC reactors described herein may include those further disclosed in International Publication Nos. WO 2021 / 239747 (Climeworks AG) and WO 2023 / 104656 (Climeworks AG), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0083] When multiple DAC cartridges 101 are stacked in a stacked configuration to form a multi-cartridge DAC device 100, each DAC cartridge 101 has a frame structure 102 and an adsorbent article 106 mounted therein, and each cartridge 101 can be stacked on top of or alongside another cartridge 101 of the same or similar size, shape, and / or form (e.g., similar size), thereby forming a multi-cartridge structure or assembly for the DAC device 100 that can be placed within a DAC reactor. When constructing the multi-cartridge structure, the DAC device 100 uses connectable tubing to form fluid connections between adjacent or neighboring DAC cartridges 101, as further disclosed herein.

[0084] Figure 1C1 shows an example of how a fluid connection can be achieved. Four adjacent DAC cassettes 101A, 101B, 101C, and 101D surround a fluid connection that is achieved using a male connection end "M" and a female connection end "F" of a tubular structure or conduit 112. For simplicity, the adsorbent article 106 contained within the cassette is not shown. Each cassette 101 includes a plurality of conduits 112 extending along the top portion of the frame structure 102 of the cassette 101, wherein the conduits 112 have a male connection end M at one end and a female connection end F at the opposite end.

[0085] The conduit 112 includes a plurality of holes or perforations 114 extending through the wall of the conduit 112, thereby allowing fluid to pass through the conduit 112 and into the surrounding environment. Although not shown, the frame structure 102 also has holes or perforations 104 as described above, so that any fluid passing through the perforations 114 of the conduit 112 also passes through the perforations 104 of the frame structure 102 to reach the adsorbent article 106 disposed therein. The conduit 112C of the cartridge 101C includes a female end F, while the conduit 112D of the cartridge 101D includes a male end M. The flow of fluid through the conduits 112C and 112D is shown by dashed arrows. Fluid flowing from the right (although in some examples, fluid can flow from the left or from both sides as desired) can pass through the conduits 112C and 112D and through the holes or perforations 114C and 114D to escape to the surrounding cartridges 101A to 101D.

[0086] The coupling ends M and F can be any suitable type of interference fit components that can form a fluid coupling and attach or secure the two components together when the DAC box 101 is formed into a stacked configuration as shown. The stacked configuration can be temporary, that is, the stacked boxes can be separated or disassembled after assembly, for example, to remove or replace one or more boxes. The interference fit can include, but is not limited to, a press fit or a friction fit. In some examples, the coupling end M can be threaded, pressed, inserted, or otherwise advanced into the receiving end or coupling end F to facilitate fluid connection. In other examples, the connection of the mating end may not be male or female, but instead can be a plug-in coupling for connecting one end to the other end to achieve fluid communication.

[0087] like Figure 1DAs shown, the cross flow of the DAC device 100 is defined by two stages. In the first adsorption stage (stage 1), air flows into a box filled with an adsorbent article (adsorbent assembly), which is shown as a cube in the figure, in a first direction indicated by the horizontal arrows. During stage 1, carbon dioxide from the incoming air is captured inside the adsorbent assembly. In the second desorption stage (stage 2) following stage 1, the desorption medium flows into the box in a second direction indicated by the vertical arrows. The vertical and horizontal directions are interchangeable. The box or adsorbent assembly can be cycled between stage 1 and stage 2 so that stage 1 after stage 2 can promote drying of the adsorbent assembly, which may become damp or wet due to the application of the desorption medium (e.g., steam) during stage 2. Advantageously, the cross flow promotes efficient drying of the adsorbent article, thereby improving the efficiency of the adsorption / desorption cycle.

[0088] Figure 2A and 2B In some examples, a DAC device 100 is shown comprising a plurality of stacked DAC cartridges 101 containing adsorbent 106. For example, the cartridges 101 may comprise a plurality of rods or tubes having internally threaded ends, as described in the aforementioned International Application No. PCT / US2023 / 084791. Each rod or tube is hollow and defines an internal passageway, which serves as a conduit 112 for use during the adsorption and desorption processes. In some examples, cold water may flow through an active thermal insulation mechanism 200 attached to the exterior of the frame structure 102 of the DAC cartridge 101. The active thermal insulation mechanism may include one or more passageways operable to cool the frame structure, thereby cooling the desorption medium and forming condensate. Additionally, hot steam may flow through the rods or tubes to heat the frame structure, thereby heating the condensate and providing water vapor within the frame structure. The water vapor may then be provided back into the adsorbent article through pores or openings in the rods or tubes, continuing the adsorption and desorption cycles. In some examples, these openings 114 may be controllably closed or opened at various stages during the adsorption and desorption processes as needed.

[0089] Advantageously, switching the steam supply circuit to a chilled water circuit can reduce cycle time. Running the steam supply through the wall provides active insulation and reduces condensation. Cooling water is prevented from escaping through the steam vents. A cassette can be snapped into the wall, joining the circuit while also providing structural support and assisting with cassette positioning.

[0090] Figure 2CA perforation control mechanism 202 is shown, according to some examples disclosed herein, which can be implemented with or coupled to a pipe 112. The pipe 112 has a plurality of openings or perforations 114 that can be opened or closed using the mechanism 202. For simplicity, the figure only shows a portion of the pipe 112 and the mechanism 202 surrounding the associated perforations 114. In some examples, the mechanism 202 can be a small tube that is inserted into and disposed within the pipe 112, or can be, for example, a metal sheet whose curvature aligns with the inner curvature of the pipe 112. The mechanism 202 also includes a plurality of openings or perforations 204 that align with the locations of the perforations 114 of the pipe 112.

[0091] Thus, when aligned in a first configuration so that the perforations 114 and 204 are in line with each other, fluid can be allowed to flow through the perforations and out of the conduit 112 into the surrounding environment. In a second configuration, the perforations 114 and 204 are in a staggered configuration, the walls of the conduit 112 can block the perforations 204, and the walls of the mechanism 202 can block the perforations 114, thereby preventing fluid from flowing therethrough. A user or device that controls the opening and closing of the perforations can, for example, twist and / or slide the mechanism 202 relative to the conduit 112 to switch between the first (open) configuration and the second (closed) configuration. Alternatively, the mechanism 202 can include tabs or fins that can be activated to open or close corresponding perforations 114 in the conduit 112 to switch between the first configuration and the second configuration.

[0092] Figure 3 An integrated flexible resistive heater 300 is shown that can be implemented into the DAC cassette 101. For example, the resistive heater 300 can be disposed between the frame structure 102 and the adsorbent article 106 of the DAC cassette 101. The resistive heater 300 can have a plurality of holes for fluid passage and can be implemented into each DAC cassette 101 to act as an active thermal insulation layer, thereby reducing the need to heat the various chambers defined within the frame structure 102. The resistive heater 300 can be implemented as a jacket component that can be configured to be disposed around all or a portion of the cassette assembly. Preheating can also reduce condensation. Other water management features and / or integrated heating features are those disclosed in co-pending International Application No. PCT / US2023 / 084795 (WL Gore), filed December 19, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0093] Figure 4An example of a DAC device 100 is shown, in which some DAC cartridges 101 contain a different type of adsorbent material (in adsorbent articles 106) than one or more other cartridges 101. In some examples, the cartridges 101 are positioned adjacent to each other to receive an incoming stream 404 and further contain adsorbent articles 106 that can be replaced at different times during the adsorption and desorption processes. The incoming stream 404 can include at least a first stream 404A (thicker white arrows) having a first flow rate and a second stream 404B (thinner white arrows) having a second flow rate less than the first flow rate. The cartridges 101 are modular and configurable so that they can be removed and replaced individually. In some examples, an outer cartridge or cartridge 101B positioned along the periphery of the DAC reactor housing 400 can contain an adsorbent article (labeled "106B") that is different from the adsorbent article (labeled "106A") contained within the inner cartridge or cartridge 101A, with the cartridge 101A positioned at an interior section relative to the outer cartridge 101B. The cartridge 101A (first type cartridge) may include a first type of adsorbent (e.g., 106A) suitable for a first flow rate, and the cartridge 101B (second type cartridge) may include a second type of adsorbent (e.g., 106B) suitable for a second flow rate. Thus, the first type cartridge (101A) is disposed within a plurality of cartridges to engage (adsorb) the first stream 404A; and the second type cartridge (101B) is disposed within a plurality of cartridges to engage the second stream 404B. In some examples, the incoming stream 404 (including at least the first stream 404A and the second stream 404B) may be provided via a fan 402 (it will be understood that the dotted circle represents the output area from the fan 402, which is the inflow into the cartridge 101 as the case may be) such that cartridges closer to the center of the circle receive a flow having a greater flow rate than cartridges closer to the perimeter of the circle. In some examples, the second type cartridge 101B is disposed at the edge of the perimeter of the plurality of cartridges as viewed from the direction of the incoming stream 404.

[0094] In some examples, the adsorbent articles 106A and 106B may differ in the adsorbent material used, the adsorbent coating coverage of the articles, and / or the spacing or gaps between the individual adsorbent material sheets or layers. This example can be implemented when the shape of the electric fan (not shown) used to promote airflow through the DAC reactor is different from the shape of the DAC reactor housing 400, for example, when the fan is circular and the DAC reactor housing 400 is square. It will be appreciated that selectively placing different types of adsorbent materials in the adsorbent articles 106 present in the cartridge assembly allows for a configuration that compensates for flow non-uniformity, for example, when the inlet flow driven by the circular fan engages the square reactor housing. To compensate for variations in the fluid flow through the inlet reactor, adsorbent articles located at the low flow edge of the reactor can be selected to perform better when the flow rate is low, and adsorbent articles located in the center of the reactor can be selected to perform better when the flow rate is relatively high, thereby providing overall consistent adsorbent performance and avoiding the formation of areas in the adsorbent assembly where the drive cycle time is excessively long or insufficient.

[0095] In some examples, the adsorbent article 106 may be formed into a sheet or sheet or shape of adsorbent material, which may be flexible or rigid, and may be inserted into the frame structure 102 to form a DAC cassette 101. In some examples, each cassette 101 may have such adsorbent sheets arranged differently from one or more other cassettes 101. In some examples, the spacing between adjacent adsorbent articles 106 may be different for one or more cassettes 101, for example, to accommodate different air flow patterns within the DAC reactor. In some examples, different numbers and stacking configurations of multiple cassettes 101 may be implemented depending on the size or internal dimensions of the DAC reactor. In another example, adsorbent articles located at low flow locations in the DAC reactor may be configured with larger spacing to allow a larger flow rate therethrough, while adsorbent articles located at high flow locations in the same DAC reactor may be configured with relatively smaller spacing to provide a smaller flow rate therethrough, in summary, presenting an overall flow profile that achieves a shorter or more efficient cycle time.

[0096] In some examples, such as when replacing old adsorbent material(s) contained within a DAC cartridge 101 with new adsorbent material(s), each individual DAC cartridge 101 can be removed from the multi-cartridge DAC device 100 and replaced with another cartridge 101. The removal and replacement of the DAC cartridge 101 can be performed without removing the entire DAC device 100 from the DAC reactor, such that if only one cartridge needs to be removed, it can be removed (and subsequently replaced) without affecting one or more other cartridges forming the multi-cartridge DAC device 100. In the example shown, the overall height of the DAC device 100 can be 360 ​​mm so as to be sized for a 36 cm reactor, but the DAC device can alternatively be scaled to accommodate larger or smaller reactors known in the art. It will be understood that any number of cartridges can be installed or implemented as appropriate for the DAC reactor.

[0097] Figure 5 A DAC device 100 is shown populated with a plurality of DAC cartridges 101 according to some embodiments. For example, the DAC device 100 may include a plurality of DAC cartridges 101 arranged along the length (L), width (W), and / or height (H) of the DAC device. In the figure, DAC cartridges 101A, 101B, and 101C are arranged side by side along the length (L) of the DAC device 100. Different shading may represent different types of DAC cartridges being used. For example, a first type of DAC cartridge 101A may include an adsorbent article 106A disposed therein, which is different from a second type of DAC cartridge 101B having an adsorbent article 106B, which is different from a third type of DAC cartridge 101C having an adsorbent article 106C, and so on, such that each type of DAC cartridge may include a different type or configuration of adsorbent article (e.g., having a different adsorbent material and / or having a different size) as desired. Thus, in one example, partitioning (separation) of the DAC device 100 may occur in one or two planes, where the x-axis may be located along the width (W), the y-axis along the height (H), and the z-axis along the length (L). Figure 1A The illustrated embodiment may represent an example of a DAC device 100 that is partitioned in one plane, which may be the plane defined by the x-axis / width (W) and the y-axis / height (H), with no partitioning along the z-axis / length (L). Figure 5The illustrated embodiment may represent an example of a DAC device 100 that is partitioned in two planes, as the partitioning also occurs along the z-axis / length (L). It will be appreciated that selectively placing different types of adsorbent materials within the adsorbent articles 106 along the L direction may allow for a configuration that, for example, compensates for changes in the mass of the fluid flowing through the cartridges as an incoming stream having a high concentration of a particular property (e.g., CO2) decreases in that property as it flows through earlier cartridges in a series of cartridges. To compensate for changes in the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the reactor, adsorbent articles located at upstream and downstream locations may be selected to have properties that perform better at different locations within the receiving fluid, thereby providing overall consistent adsorbent performance that avoids the formation of regions within the adsorbent assembly that result in excessive or insufficient cycle times.

[0098] In some examples, the cartridge 101 includes an upstream cartridge and a downstream cartridge relative to the incoming flow 404. For example, Figure 5 In the example shown, the group of cartridges 101A may be defined as upstream cartridges, while the group of cartridges 101C may be defined as downstream cartridges. The group of cartridges 101B located between the upstream and downstream cartridges may be referred to as midstream cartridges. The upstream cartridge 101A is positioned to receive the incoming flow 404 and is positioned between the incoming flow 404 and the downstream cartridge 101C. The upstream cartridge 101A may have a first type of adsorbent (e.g., Figure 4 106A) which is adapted to engage with the incoming stream 404; the downstream cartridge 101C may have a second type of adsorbent (e.g., Figure 4 106B), which is adapted to join (adsorb) the incoming flow 404 after it passes through the upstream cartridge 101A. In some examples, the second type of adsorbent may also be adapted to join the incoming flow 404 after it passes through the midstream cartridge 101B.

[0099] Advantageously, the implementation of multiple smaller units (cassettes) in a DAC device may include, but is not limited to, the ability to use different types or sizes of contactors / adsorbents within the same DAC reactor. In some examples, the multi-cassette embodiment facilitates the implementation of alternating flow profiles, pressure drops, or alternating air gaps in the design of the DAC device. In addition, the multi-cassette embodiment may be beneficial in facilitating the repair of damaged or defective units / cassettes and damaged components (portions) of the units by replacing only the damaged or defective component(s), without having to replace the entire device. Since the DAC device can be manufactured and / or shipped in smaller sizes and assembled in the reactor, the multi-cassette embodiment can provide ergonomic and logistical benefits of the DAC device.

[0100] Figure 6A and 6B Different concepts are shown along Figure 51A, 101B, and 101C are viewed in the z-axis direction (eg, longitudinally along length L) in FIG. In these figures, air flow occurs during the adsorption phase of the adsorption-desorption cycle, and desorption medium flow occurs during the desorption phase of the adsorption-desorption cycle.

[0101] exist Figure 6A In the embodiment, the boxes are arranged adjacent to each other without any gaps or spacing between the boxes (no gap), so that the desorption medium flow and the air flow enter the box from the opening of the first box 101A, and the flow continues from the first box 101A to the second box 101B and then to the third box 101C.

[0102] exist Figure 6B In the embodiment of the present invention, there is a gap "G" between adjacent boxes (for example, the gap between boxes 101A and 101B and the gap between boxes 101B and 101C), so that each gap G provides an additional inlet for desorption medium as shown by the shaded arrows, while allowing air flow through the box as shown by the white arrows. The gap G can be maintained by placing solid (solid) components such as spacers between adjacent boxes. In examples where gaps are implemented, the gaps can beneficially allow desorption medium to flow from multiple areas throughout the box into the adsorbent article stored in the box, thereby reducing the time required to heat the adsorbent article to a predetermined temperature. The gap G can have a width or distance of from 1 mm to 5 mm, from 5 mm to 10 mm, from 10 mm to 15 mm, from 15 mm to 20 mm, from 20 mm to 25 mm, from 25 mm to 30 mm, from 30 mm to 35 mm, from 35 mm to 40 mm, from 40 mm to 45 mm, or from 1 mm to 45 mm.

[0103] For example, reference Figure 6B , cassettes 101A, 101B, and 101C (collectively referred to herein as "cassettes 101") may have an upstream surface 600 that receives an incoming flow 404 and a downstream surface 602 through which the incoming flow 404 exits the cassette 101. The cassette 101 may further define a flow path 604 (shown using dashed arrows) extending between the upstream surface 600 and the downstream surface 602. The flow path 604 may receive the incoming flow 404 and direct the incoming flow 404 to the downstream surface 602, thereby defining a general direction along which the incoming flow 404 is to flow through the cassette 101. In some examples, the cassette 101 may further define at least one gap G disposed between the upstream surface 600 and the downstream surface 602, wherein the gap G defines a cross flow 606 between the cassettes 101, such as between adjacent or neighboring cassettes.

[0104] Figure 6C Shown Figure 6BThe adsorption stage in an example embodiment with a gap. As air flows into the first DAC cartridge 101A and passes through it, the airflow becomes laminar, as indicated by the three straight arrows shown within the cartridge. As the airflow flows from the first DAC cartridge 101A to the second DAC cartridge 101B, the gap G promotes mixing of the airflow, thereby increasing mixing or flow disturbance in the airflow, as indicated by the vortex arrows within the white arrows. The increased mixing or flow disturbance makes it easier and more likely that any CO2 remaining in the airflow will be captured by the adsorbent article 106B in the second DAC cartridge 101B. Similarly, the gap G between the second DAC cartridge 101B and the third DAC cartridge 101C can similarly operate to promote mixing and increase mixing or flow disturbance in the airflow as the airflow travels from the second DAC cartridge 101B to the third DAC cartridge 101C.

[0105] In some examples, reference Figure 6B and 6C The gap G may interrupt the flow path 604 through the surface 610, which destroys the laminar flow characteristics of the cross flow 606, such as Figure 6C 6, which represents such an interruption 612 at the gap G. In some examples, the gap G can temporarily interrupt the flow path 604 using the surface 610, which causes the cross flow 606 to flow in a direction away from the downstream surface 602. In some examples, the gap G can interrupt the flow path 604 by introducing an additional inlet flow 608 that merges with the cross flow 606, as shown in FIG. Figure 6B shown.

[0106] Figure 6D Shown Figure 6B The desorption stage in the embodiment with a gap is shown. The desorption medium flows into the second DAC cartridges 101B and 101C through the gap G, thereby allowing the desorption medium to more easily enter the adsorbent articles 106B and 106C located therein, thereby improving the desorption capacity of the device.

[0107] Figure 7A yes Figure 6A A visual representation of the amount or level of water within each section of the DAC cartridges 101A, 101B, and 101C in the illustrated no-gap concept. Any water contained within the cartridge is allowed to escape or leave the ends of the device, as indicated by droplets. However, as more desorption medium is directed in a predetermined direction (e.g., Figure 7A As water accumulates inside the DAC device (flowing from left to right in the center), the water level rises from one end to the other during the adsorption and desorption process. To control the amount of water, the end section of the last DAC cartridge 101C remains open to allow water inside the DAC cartridge to escape, thereby lowering the water level within the device.

[0108] Figure 7B yes Figure 6BA visual representation of the amount or level of water within each section of the DAC boxes 101A, 101B, and 101C in an example embodiment with a gap. Figure 7A In contrast, since water is allowed to leave through each gap (G) between the cartridges, the water level does not rise to the same level, thereby allowing more water to leave the device to maintain a low water level throughout the cartridge during the adsorption and desorption processes. Figure 7B The amount of water (or water level) in Figure 7A , so the water leaves Figure 7B The rate of each box in is less than Figure 7A ,like Figure 7B The drop ratio shown in Figure 7A The smaller ones shown are indicated.

[0109] exist Figure 8A and 8B In one embodiment, each box is positioned or configured to tilted structure with a predetermined angle (θ). This angle can be from 1 to 5 degree, from 5 to 10 degree, from 10 to 15 degree, from 15 to 20 degree, from 20 to 25 degree, from 35 to 40 degree, from 40 to 45 degree, from 1 to 45 degree, or any other suitable scope or value therebetween with respect to the horizontal axis that may be parallel to ground. As shown in the figure, steeper angle can promote water to lead to another box from one box faster. It will be appreciated that although the box in the diagram is illustrated as having a parallelogram structure, any other suitable shape can be used to form the tilted structure.

[0110] Figure 8A yes Figure 6AA visual illustration of the amount of water or water level within each section of DAC cartridges 101A, 101B, and 101C in the gapless concept of the DAC cartridges. The inclined configuration allows the water level (indicated by the number of water drop symbols shown on each section of the cartridge) to vary throughout the cartridges before the water exits the device through the end of the last cartridge (e.g., the third DAC cartridge 101C). For example, the leftmost section, which serves as the inlet for the flow of air and desorption medium into the first DAC cartridge 101A, has the lowest water level or hydraulic enrichment (water concentration) because it is the inlet and vented to the atmosphere, and because the inclined configuration allows the retained water to move in one direction, e.g., toward the right in the diagram. Thus, the water level or hydrodynamic enrichment on the right side of the first DAC cartridge 101A is higher than the left side of the first DAC cartridge 101A, the water level or hydrodynamic enrichment on the left side of the second DAC cartridge 101B is higher than the right side of the first DAC cartridge 101A, the water level or hydrodynamic enrichment on the right side of the second DAC cartridge 101B is higher than the left side of the second DAC cartridge 101B, the water level or hydrodynamic enrichment on the left side of the third DAC cartridge 101C is higher than the right side of the second DAC cartridge 101B, and the water level or hydrodynamic enrichment on the right side of the third DAC cartridge 101C is higher than the left side of the third DAC cartridge 101C. It will be appreciated that higher hydrodynamic enrichment (water concentration) will inhibit gas flow through the cartridge because the water will block gas flow. It will also be appreciated that the presence of a water blockage at the downstream end of the cartridge will restrict gas flow through the cartridge and create an elevated pressure gradient because the gas flow exiting the cartridge has a restricted path compared to the entry point of the gas flow into the cartridge.

[0111] Figure 8B yes Figure 6B A visual representation of the amount or level of water within each section of DAC cartridges 101A, 101B, and 101C in an example embodiment with gaps is shown. In each gap G, water is allowed to exit the cartridge, thereby facilitating faster drying of the adsorbent article disposed within the cartridge. Thus, the water level or hydrodynamic enrichment in the right portion of the first DAC cartridge 101A is higher than the left portion of the first DAC cartridge 101A, but the water level or hydrodynamic enrichment in the left portion of the second DAC cartridge 101B is lower than the right portion of the first DAC cartridge 101A. Similarly, the water level or hydrodynamic enrichment in the left portion of the third DAC cartridge 101C is lower than the right portion of the second DAC cartridge 101B, as indicated by the water droplets shown in the figure, where more water droplets indicate a higher water level or hydrodynamic enrichment within that section.

[0112] In some examples, if there is no gap concept (e.g., Figure 6A ) requires X minutes to reach a predetermined temperature, then the gap concept is implemented (e.g., as Figure 6B) may require X / Y minutes to reach the same predetermined temperature, where the value of Y may vary depending on the number of inlets present for the desorption medium. Figure 6B Three inlets are shown, one of which is an open portion or open face of the first box 101A, and the other two inlets are two gaps G provided between adjacent boxes. Figure 6A Compared with the X minutes of the no-gap concept, Figure 6B The predicted time required to reach the predetermined temperature by implementing the gap concept in the embodiment can be estimated as X / 3 minutes. Thus, by separating the cartridges, in addition to the main inlet to the open face of the first cartridge 101A, the desorption medium can be applied in one or more locations, thereby allowing for faster heating of the DAC device.

[0113] Figure 9A and 9B Shown respectively Figure 5 The example of the DAC device 100 shown further shows that during the adsorption phase ( Figure 9A ) or desorption stage ( Figure 9B ) during the adsorption phase, as further discussed herein. For example, the DAC cartridges 101A, 101B, and 101C can be aligned along the length (L) of the DAC device 100 such that the first DAC cartridge 101A defines the front face 900A and the last DAC cartridge 101C defines the back face 900B. During phase 1, or the adsorption phase, the air flow enters the front face 900A and travels along the length (L) toward the back face 900B, from which the air flow can exit the DAC device 100, as indicated by the arrows extending through the DAC device 100. During phase 2, or the desorption phase, the desorption medium enters the DAC device 100 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the air flow in phase 1, as indicated by the arrows. The desorption medium can enter each DAC cartridge 101A, 101B, and 101C directly, as indicated by the thicker arrows (A); or enter the gap (G) formed between adjacent cartridges, as indicated by the thinner arrows (B), after which the adsorption medium will enter the adsorbent article within the corresponding cartridge. In some examples, the desorption medium may enter through conduits (not shown) disposed in the gap (G), through which the desorption medium may be transported to the adsorbent article.

[0114] In some examples, a manifold (not shown) may be disposed in gap G and / or define gap G such that the manifold may include at least one conduit through which the desorption medium may be supplied. Gap G may be any length sufficient to disrupt laminar flow through the adsorbent article, as described below, or to promote sufficient mixing of airflow between DAC cartridges, thereby causing CO molecules exiting one DAC cartridge to enter a subsequent DAC cartridge in a more uniform mixture than would result from traveling through a previous DAC cartridge. The length of gap G may be defined by a component, such as a manifold, disposed between the DAC cartridges.

[0115] Figure 9C Another example is shown, where during stage 2, the inflow of desorption medium may occur only at gap G, where the desorption medium may be provided from multiple directions, such as indicated by arrow B (from the top) and arrow C (from the side). In some examples, different arrows represent different pipes or channels through which the desorption medium may be provided to gap G, after which the desorption medium is absorbed into the adsorbent article stored in cartridge 101.

[0116] Figures 10A to 10C A cross-sectional view of the space or channel between two separate sheets or layers of adsorbent material is shown as air including CO2 molecules flows through the channel in the adsorbent article 106 including multiple sheets of adsorbent material. For example, a channel 1004 is formed between the first sheet 1000A and the second sheet 1000B, through which air is allowed to pass along the Figure 10A The flow is in the direction indicated by the arrows labeled "Theoretical Laminar Flow." Within channel 1004, the boundary layers 1002A and 1002B are located proximal to sheets 1000A and 1000B, respectively.

[0117] When air flows from the first end 1001A to the second end 1001B of the channel 1004, CO2 molecules 1006 in the air are absorbed by the sheet 1000 on both sides through the boundary layer 1002, thereby becoming absorbed CO2 molecules 1007. However, as the air passes through the channel 1004, fewer CO2 molecules 1006 will be located at the boundary layer 1002 of the channel 1004, so that the CO2 molecules 1006 farther from the boundary layer 1002 remain in the air flow and are not absorbed by the sheet 1000, as shown in FIG. Figure 10B Thus, the saturation of the absorbed CO2 molecules 1007 decreases from the first end 1001A to the second end 1001B of the adsorbent article 106, as shown in FIG. Figure 10B As shown, the CO2 molecules that are not absorbed will leave from the second end 1001B and return to the atmosphere.

[0118] In order to reduce the amount of unabsorbed CO2 molecules in the air leaving the system, a first adsorbent article 106A and a subsequent second adsorbent article 106B belonging to different cartridges 101 are introduced. Figure 10C The second adsorbent article 106B is positioned so that the channel 1004 formed between the adsorbent sheets 1000C and 1000D is substantially aligned with the channel 1004 between the adsorbent sheets 1000A and 1000B. The gap G causes unabsorbed CO2 molecules exiting the second end 1001B of the first adsorbent article 106A to undergo mixing or flow disturbance 1008 within the gap G, so that when air including unabsorbed CO2 molecules enters the channel 1004 of the second adsorbent article 106B through the first end 1001C, the CO2 molecules 1006 are subsequently absorbed on both sides by the sheets 1000C and 1000D through the boundary layers 1002C and 1002D as shown, thereby becoming absorbed CO2 molecules 1007. Therefore, when air exits the second adsorbent article 106B through the second end 1001D, far fewer unabsorbed CO2 molecules enter the atmosphere than would be the case without the gap G. Thus, the mixing or flow disturbance 1008 induced at the gap G advantageously results in more CO 2 molecules being absorbed by the sorbent article.

[0119] Figure 11A An example of a DAC device 100 according to embodiments disclosed herein is shown, wherein a desorption medium manifold 1100 is implemented with cartridges 101. For example, manifold 1100A is coupled to cartridge 101A, manifold 1100B is coupled to cartridge 101B, and manifold 1100C is coupled to cartridge 101C. In some examples, manifold 1100 can be positioned in front of the respective cartridges 101 along the direction of air flow shown, such that air flows through manifold 1100 before flowing into cartridges 101. For example, air can flow through manifold 1100A, cartridge 101A, manifold 1100B, cartridge 101B, manifold 1100C, and cartridge 101C in sequence. In some examples, manifold 1100 determines the distance or length of a gap G between two cartridges 101. In some examples, each gap G can have one or more manifolds positioned therein.

[0120] Figure 11B An example of a manifold 1100 is shown. The manifold 1100 includes a plurality of openings or holes at various locations thereof, through which a desorption medium, such as steam, can flow, such as in the directions indicated by the arrows. In some examples, the desorption medium can enter the manifold 1100 through one or more points, such as openings or holes, and can be distributed over a wide area through the manifold 1100's internal passageway(s) before exiting through the nozzles. In some examples, the manifold 1100 can apply uniform heat to the cartridge 101 to which it is coupled.

[0121] The manifold 1100 can be composed of a single component (e.g., a unitary or monolithic structure) or multiple components that are attached or coupled together. If the manifold 1100 is composed of multiple components, each component can be a conduit 1200 having a channel 1204 extending through the outer structure 1202, so that the manifold can have a series of interconnected channels or conduits through which the desorption medium can travel and then exit at the appropriate location and direction. Examples of such conduits 1200 are shown in FIG. Figures 12A to 12D The corresponding cross-sectional views are shown in Figures 13A to 13D .exist Figure 12A and 13A In FIG, the pipe 1200 has a substantially tubular or cylindrical outer structure 1202 having a circular cross-section. Figure 12B and 13B In FIG, the shape of the pipe 1200 is similar to a cuboid, and its cross section is square or rectangular. Figure 12C and 13C In FIG, the pipe 1200 has a substantially tubular or cylindrical outer structure 1202 that is oval in cross-section. Figure 12D and 13D In the pipeline 1200 and Figure 12B and 13B The conduits in are similar, but have different orientations, such as when viewed from the openings or apertures extending through the outer structure 1202, as will be further explained herein.

[0122] exist Figures 13A to 13D In the cross-sectional view of the pipe 1200, a plurality of openings or holes 1206 (some of which are in the Figures 12A to 12C 101 ), these openings or holes 1206 extend through the wall of the outer structure 1202 to allow fluid within the channel 1204 to flow outwardly in the direction indicated by the dashed arrows in the figure. One or more holes 1206 can be present in each tube 1200, and in some examples, these holes can be shaped to control the flow of the desorption medium to direct it generally toward the cartridge 101 to be heated. The manifold 1100 and the tubes 1200 can be made of thin-walled metal material, and the profile of the tubes 1200 can allow for a sufficient amount of desorption medium while not significantly impeding the flow of air into the cartridge 101.

[0123] As used herein, "adsorbent material" may include any suitable carbon dioxide adsorbent material, which may include, but is not limited to, ion exchange resins (e.g., strongly basic anion exchange resins such as Dowex available from The Dow Chemical Company). TM Marathon TMA resin), zeolite, activated carbon, alumina, metal organic framework, polyethyleneimine (PEI), or other suitable carbon dioxide adsorbent materials such as desiccants, carbon molecular sieves, carbon adsorbents, graphite, activated alumina, molecular sieves, aluminum phosphates, silicoaluminophosphates, zeolite adsorbents, ion exchange zeolites, hydrophilic zeolites, hydrophobic zeolites, modified zeolites, natural zeolites, faujasite, clinoptilolite, mordenite, metal exchanged silicoaluminophosphates, monopolar resins, bipolar resins, aromatic cross-linked polystyrene substrates, brominated aromatic substrates, methacrylate copolymers, graphite adsorbents, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, nanomaterials, metal salt adsorbents, perchlorates, oxalates, alkaline earth metal particles, ETS, CTS, metal oxides, chemical adsorbents, amines, organometallic reactants, hydrotalcites, silicalite, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks and metal organic framework (MOF) adsorbent compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0124] Beneficially, a multi-box structural frame formed using a plurality of stacked boxes can allow for discrete storage of adsorbent articles. For example, each individual box can be individually removed or replaced without affecting the operation of the remaining boxes. In some examples, the male / female connector can be unplugged before sliding. In some examples, each individual box can be similar to "building blocks" in that the resulting multi-box structural frame is a modular structure that can be constructed or rearranged to accommodate the shape and size of the DAC reactor in which the structural frame is installed. In addition, beneficially, the multi-box structural frame disclosed herein can include water management features that can facilitate the collection and reuse of water as steam (e.g., heated via an external heating device) to achieve a more self-sufficient DAC system, and / or for more efficient drainage, for example, using a tilted or angled configuration of the structural frame. In some examples, the multi-box structural frame disclosed herein can beneficially include integrated heating / cooling features, such as Figure 2A and 2B As shown, cooling the steam inside the structural frame beneficially promotes efficient formation of water to be used in subsequent adsorption / desorption cycles, and heating the collected water beneficially promotes efficient use of the desorption medium of the self-sufficient DAC system. Carbon dioxide removal service provider

[0125] Also disclosed herein are methods for removing gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere using any of the means, methods, processes, or apparatus disclosed herein suitable for atmospheric CO2 removal. In some examples, a carbon dioxide removal service provider can be a person, apparatus, atmospheric processing facility, carbon dioxide removal plant, software, an internet website, an electronic interface, an organization, or a corporate agent or entity (which can include a control center, a headquarters, a data management center, an intermediary data collection or processing center, or an auxiliary organization that provides information and / or control functions or services to the provider) or an electronic device or display associated with or accessible to the provider that can receive and / or learn information about the diffusion of a first amount of gaseous CO2 in the atmosphere at a first location. The information may be complete, partial, derived, or summarized, and may be received in the form of an electronic display, electronic alert, notification, or other electronic communication (e.g., email, telephone, or video call), and may include digital data representing the amount of gaseous CO2 dispersed at the first location (e.g., in tons of CO2) and / or the rate of dispersion (e.g., in tons of CO2 per minute, hour, day, etc.), as well as data related to the first location, such as the name of the city and / or country, GPS location, weather information, etc. In some examples, the information may be in the form of an electronic communication (e.g., a first electronic communication) that includes information about the first amount of gaseous CO2 dispersed into the atmosphere at the first location, which may be received from and / or provided to a computing and / or electronic display device.

[0126] The carbon dioxide removal service provider may initiate immediate or subsequent separation or use of a method to separate a second amount of gaseous CO2 at a second location that may be different from the first location. The second location may be located remote from the first location, for example, when the first location is located in a densely populated commercial area, the second location is close to a geothermal energy source or other hazardous energy source that powers the separation process at the second location. The second amount may be at least a fraction of the first amount, for example, from 0% to 10%, from 10% to 20%, from 20% to 30%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 70%, from 70% to 80%, from 80% to 90%, from 90% to 100%, or any other suitable value, combination, or range therebetween. The second amount may be a portion or all of the first amount, and the second amount may be associated with a partial delivery of carbon removal services involving multiple separation cycles. The separation may include any suitable method or process disclosed herein, or use any suitable apparatus disclosed herein. In some examples, separation can be initiated by sending or transmitting an instruction or confirmation to a location having the capability to perform such separation. In some examples, separation can be performed by a carbon capture device capable of performing any of the methods disclosed herein for separating gaseous CO2 from a gas mixture in the form of ambient air. In some examples, the distance from the first location to the second location can be from 100 kilometers to 200 kilometers, from 200 kilometers to 500 kilometers, from 500 kilometers to 800 kilometers, from 800 kilometers to 1000 kilometers, from 1000 kilometers to 2000 kilometers, from 2000 kilometers to 3000 kilometers, from 3000 kilometers to 4000 kilometers, from 4000 kilometers to 5000 kilometers, from 5000 kilometers to 6000 kilometers, from 6000 kilometers to 7000 kilometers, from 7000 kilometers to 8000 kilometers, from 8000 kilometers to 9000 kilometers, from 9000 kilometers to 10000 kilometers, from 10000 kilometers to 15000 kilometers, from 15000 kilometers to 20000 kilometers, or any other suitable value or range in between.

[0127] A carbon dioxide removal service provider may initiate reporting of data regarding a second amount to be, in progress, or already removed from the atmosphere. Initiating reporting may be a preliminary step taken to begin immediate or subsequent reporting of the data, which may be performed via any suitable means of electronic communication or data transmission, which may be wired or wireless. In some examples, reporting may involve preparing information to be included in such report or subsequent reports, and subsequently sending or transmitting instructions or confirmation to another entity or device that has the ability to initiate or fully execute such reporting. With respect to the second amount, the reported data may be associated with a carbon capture device disclosed herein. For example, the carbon capture device may generate or provide data related to the separation of the second amount of gaseous CO2, which data may be obtained from the carbon capture device directly or indirectly (e.g., via an intermediary entity or device). In some examples, at least a portion of the data generated by the carbon capture device is provided in the form of an electronic communication. As another example, the data may be aggregated or otherwise processed so that an indication of the data is provided in an electronic communication (e.g., a second electronic communication). In some examples, the second electronic communication may be transmitted to a computing or display device. In some examples, the second electronic communication may be transmitted to an additional computing or display device, which may be separate or distinct from the aforementioned computing or display device.

[0128] In some examples, a method for removing gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere may involve a carbon dioxide removal service provider (as described above), which may receive and / or be informed of information regarding a first amount of gaseous CO2, which may include the dispersion of the gaseous CO2. The information may be complete, partial, derived, or summarized, and may be received in the form of an electronic display, electronic alert, notification, or other electronic communication (e.g., email, phone, or video call), and may include digital data representing the amount (e.g., tons of CO2) and / or the dispersion rate (e.g., tons of CO2 per minute, hour, day, etc.) of gaseous CO2 dispersed at a first location, as well as data related to the first location, such as the name of a city and / or country, a GPS location, weather information, etc. Such amounts may represent the amount (e.g., tons of CO2) and / or the dispersion rate (e.g., tons of CO2 per minute, hour, day, etc.) of gaseous CO2 dispersed at a certain location. In some examples, the information can be received as an electronic communication from another entity or device that sends or transmits instructions regarding gaseous CO2 removal, as disclosed herein. In some examples, the electronic communication (e.g., a first electronic communication) includes information regarding the dispersion of a first amount of gaseous CO2, which can be received from and / or provided to a computing and / or electronic display device.

[0129] The carbon dioxide removal service provider may separate or begin separating a second amount of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere, wherein the second amount is at least a portion of the first amount, for example, from 0% to 10%, from 10% to 20%, from 20% to 30%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 70%, from 70% to 80%, from 80% to 90%, from 90% to 100%, or any other suitable value, combination, or range therebetween. The second amount may be a portion or all of the first amount, and the second amount may be associated with a partial delivery of carbon removal services involving multiple separation cycles. The separation may include any suitable method or process disclosed herein or use any suitable apparatus disclosed herein. In some examples, the separation may be performed by a carbon capture device capable of performing any of the methods disclosed herein for separating gaseous CO2 from a gas mixture in the form of ambient air.

[0130] A carbon dioxide removal service provider may report data regarding a second amount that will be removed from the atmosphere, is being removed from the atmosphere, or has been removed from the atmosphere. The reporting of the data may be performed via any suitable electronic communication or data transmission means, which may be wired or wireless. In some examples, the reporting may be in response to receiving an instruction or confirmation from another entity or device that is capable of initiating or fully performing such reporting. Regarding the second amount, the reported data may be related to a carbon capture device disclosed herein. For example, the carbon capture device may generate or provide data related to separating the second amount of gaseous CO2, which may be obtained from the carbon capture device directly or indirectly (e.g., via an intermediate entity or device). In various examples, at least a portion of the data generated by the carbon capture device is provided in an electronic communication. As another example, the data may be aggregated or otherwise processed so that an indication of the data is provided in an electronic communication (e.g., a second electronic communication). In some examples, the second electronic communication may be transmitted to a computing or display device. In some examples, the second electronic communication may be transmitted to an additional computing or display device, which may be separate from or distinct from the aforementioned computing or display device.

[0131] In some examples, a method for removing gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere may involve a carbon dioxide removal service provider (as described above) that may transmit, send, or send information regarding the dispersion of a first amount of gaseous CO2 into the atmosphere at a first location. The information may be complete, partial, derived, or summarized, and may be received in the form of an electronic display, electronic alert, notification, or other electronic communication (e.g., email, phone, or video call), and may include digital data representing the amount of gaseous CO2 dispersed at the first location (e.g., in tons of CO2) and / or the dispersion rate (e.g., in tons of CO2 per minute, hour, day, etc.), as well as data related to the first location, such as the name of a city and / or country, a GPS location, weather information, etc. The transmission may be an emission and / or sending by any suitable electronic communication or data transmission means, which may be wired or wireless, and may not be received by the intended recipient or any recipients. In some examples, the information may be in the form of an electronic communication (e.g., a first electronic communication) that includes information about dispersing a first amount of gaseous CO2 into the atmosphere at a first location, which may be transmitted, emitted, and / or sent to a computing device, without such transmission, emission, and / or sending necessarily being received by any recipient.

[0132] A carbon dioxide removal service provider may request immediate or subsequent separation of a second amount of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere at a second location, or a method for separating a second amount of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere at a second location. The second location may be remote from the first location, for example, when the first location is located in a densely populated commercial or industrial area, the second location may be located near a geothermal energy source or other hazardous energy source that powers the separation process at the second location. The second amount may be at least a fraction of the first amount, for example, from 0% to 10%, from 10% to 20%, from 20% to 30%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 70%, from 70% to 80%, from 80% to 90%, from 90% to 100%, or any other suitable value, combination, or range therebetween. The second amount may be a portion or all of the first amount, and the second amount may be associated with a partial delivery of carbon removal services involving multiple separation cycles. The separation may include any suitable method or process disclosed herein, or use any suitable apparatus disclosed herein. The request for separation or initiation of separation can be made via any suitable electronic communication or data transmission means, which can be wired or wireless. In some examples, the request can be made by sending, issuing, or transmitting an instruction to initiate a separation to a location capable of initiating or fully performing such separation. In some examples, the separation can be performed by a carbon capture device capable of performing any of the methods disclosed herein for separating gaseous CO2 from a gas mixture in the form of ambient air. In some examples, the distance from the first location to the second location can be from 100 kilometers to 200 kilometers, from 200 kilometers to 500 kilometers, from 500 kilometers to 800 kilometers, from 800 kilometers to 1000 kilometers, from 1000 kilometers to 2000 kilometers, from 2000 kilometers to 3000 kilometers, from 3000 kilometers to 4000 kilometers, from 4000 kilometers to 5000 kilometers, from 5000 kilometers to 6000 kilometers, from 6000 kilometers to 7000 kilometers, from 7000 kilometers to 8000 kilometers, from 8000 kilometers to 9000 kilometers, from 9000 kilometers to 10000 kilometers, from 10000 kilometers to 15000 kilometers, from 15000 kilometers to 20000 kilometers, or any other suitable value or range in between.

[0133] A carbon dioxide removal service provider may receive a report, an indication of such a report, and / or an indication of the availability of data regarding a second amount to be removed from the atmosphere, is being removed from the atmosphere, or has been removed from the atmosphere. Receiving the report does not require manual review or audit, but merely requires making the report accessible, even if it is never subsequently reviewed or confirmed, and / or may occur via any suitable electronic communication or data transmission means, which may be wired or wireless. In some examples, receiving the report may relate to a second amount, such as how much gaseous CO2 was separated within a predetermined time period, such as a day, a week, a month, etc. The reported data regarding the second amount may be related to a carbon capture device disclosed herein. For example, the carbon capture device may generate or provide data related to the separation of the second amount of gaseous CO2, which data may be obtained directly or indirectly (e.g., via an intermediary entity or device) from the carbon capture device. In some examples, at least a portion of the data generated by the carbon capture device is provided in an electronic communication. As another example, the data may be aggregated or otherwise processed such that an indication of the data is provided in an electronic communication (e.g., a second electronic communication). In some examples, the second electronic communication is received from a computing device. In some examples, the second electronic communication is received in response to the first electronic communication. In some examples, the second electronic communication is received from the computing or display device in response to sending the first electronic communication to the computing or display device.

[0134] In this document, "receiving" information should be understood as requiring only one party (or entity, device, etc.) to perform the "receiving" behavior, and thus requiring no separate (different) party to perform the "sending" behavior.

[0135] As used herein, "initiating" a separation (or separation method) is understood to mean an "initiating" act, including the preliminary or complete act of preparing or issuing instructions to another party or device with the intent to perform or begin a separation process, or to associate an already-initiated separation process with an initiating step. For example, the act of "initiating" the separation of gaseous CO2 may result in the carbon capture device subsequently receiving instructions, either directly or indirectly (e.g., via an intermediate entity or device), to initiate the separation, and the carbon capture device operating accordingly. In another example, the act of "initiating" the separation of gaseous CO2 (or separation method) may include the carbon dioxide removal service provider associating CO2 that has been removed from the atmosphere (or is currently in the process of being actively removed) with the subsequent initiation of the separation. It will be understood that the instructions received by the carbon capture device need not be provided as part of such "initiating" operations. Furthermore, for example, the act of "separating" CO2 is not necessarily part of the "initiating" act of such separation, such as when the "initiation" of the separation is performed by a first party, and the subsequent "separation" itself is performed by a second party different from the first party. Furthermore, the "separation" act need not be performed or fully completed by either the first party or the second party. It will also be understood that the commencement act may be performed entirely within a jurisdiction or State even if the confirmation of commencement or conduct following or related to commencement occurs in different jurisdictions or States.

[0136] For purposes of this document, “initiating” a report (e.g., the reporting of data) is understood to mean an act of “initiating” the reporting of data, including the act of preparatory or completing instructions or sending instructions to another party to prepare, begin, or complete the reporting at a later time. Thus, for example, when the act of “initiating” the reporting is performed by a first party (the initiating party), and the “reporting” itself is performed by a second party (the reporting party) that is different from the first party (the initiating party), the act of “reporting” any data is not necessarily part of the act of “initiating” such reporting. Furthermore, the act of “reporting” need not be completed or fully accomplished by either the first party or the second party. It will be understood that the act of initiating the reporting may be performed entirely in one jurisdiction or country even if confirmation of the initiation or acts related to or subsequent to the initiation occur in different jurisdictions or countries.

[0137] For the purposes of this document, "reporting" data should be understood as the act of "reporting," which may only require one party (the reporting party) to perform. Furthermore, the act of "reporting" does not require the other party (the receiving party) to receive (or acknowledge receipt of) such a report. Reporting can be the storage of data or the display of data in a location accessible to the intended recipient; even if the intended recipient does not access or view the data, it still constitutes a report.

[0138] In this document, "transmitting" information should be understood as the act of "transmitting," which may only require one party (the transmitter) to perform. Furthermore, the act of "transmitting" does not require a recipient (e.g., a receiver) or confirmation of receipt (e.g., acknowledgement of receipt) of the transmitted information.

[0139] In this document, "requesting" separation (or initiating a separation method) should be understood as a "request" act that may only need to be performed by one party (the requesting party). Similarly, the "separation" act required by the "request" act may be performed by the other party (the separating party). In addition, the "request" act may only be intended or initiated, and does not need to be completed or fully realized (for example, when the act of "requesting" such separation does not produce any separation results). In one example, the act of "requesting" separation (or initiating a separation method) of gaseous CO2 may include the carbon dioxide removal service provider associating carbon dioxide that has been removed from the atmosphere (or is currently in the process of being actively removed) with a subsequent separation request. It should be understood that even if the confirmation of the request or the actions after the request or the actions related to the request occur in different jurisdictions or countries, the request act may still be fully executed in one jurisdiction or country.

[0140] As used herein, "receiving" a report or an indication of a report is understood to be an act of "receiving" without requiring a sender (e.g., a sender). Receipt may be the storage of data or the display of data in a location accessible to the intended recipient, and may be considered receipt even when the intended recipient does not access or view the data.

[0141] It will be understood that the first amount, the second amount, and a portion of the first amount may be estimates or predictions. It will be further understood that the carbon dioxide gas released or dispersed at the first location may not necessarily include the same CO2 molecules separated or collected at the second location or may not necessarily be the same CO2 molecules, and that the second amount may be an equivalent amount of the released or dispersed CO2. The CO2 in a portion of the first amount may be in a non-gaseous form. A portion of the first amount or the second amount may refer to carbon dioxide captured in an adsorbent as disclosed herein, or carbon dioxide that has been stored or otherwise converted to another form. A portion of the first amount or the second amount may also include gases other than carbon dioxide. For example, the second amount may be in a non-gaseous form or combined with other materials.

[0142] As used herein, "carbon capture device" refers to any one or more devices disclosed herein that are capable of separating gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere at the location where the device is installed or placed. A carbon capture device can refer to a single device or a plurality of devices, or to a facility in which one or more such devices or component devices working in conjunction are included. The device can include, for example, (one or more) desorption medium sources and (one or more) adsorber structures disclosed herein. The device can be operated by a user or operator using an electronic device. The device can generate data related to its operation, for example, primarily data that can be detected by one or more sensors and / or can include log data, etc.

[0143] As used herein, an “electronic device” is capable of performing one or more electronic operations, such as a computer, a smartphone, a smart tablet, and the like. An electronic device may include, for example, a display device and / or one or more processing units and one or more storage units. The processing unit may include a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a system on a chip (SoC), or any other processor capable of performing such operations. A storage unit may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having one or more programs or instructions stored thereon, which, when run on the processing unit, cause the processing unit or electronic device to perform one or more methods disclosed herein. A storage unit may include one or more memory chips capable of storing data and allowing access to a storage location by (one or more) processing units, such as volatile or non-volatile memory, static or dynamic random access memory, or any variant thereof. In some examples, an electronic device may be referred to as a computing device.

[0144] The technical advantages of using the methods or processes disclosed herein to remove gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere include, but are not limited to: facilitating networking between entities and / or devices that can communicate with other entities and / or devices to remotely provide instructions or facilitate separation and removal of gaseous CO2 without requiring on-site operation. In addition, the methods and processes disclosed herein provide a robust cross-organizational communication network that enables each entity (which can be an organization associated with a physical location) to simultaneously direct (instruct) or initiate separation and removal of gaseous CO2 at multiple locations, and to flexibly change the location at which the separation and removal of gaseous CO2 is determined to be removed. The change of location can be performed in real time or near real time, for example, with minimal time lag between the issuance of instructions and the performance of gaseous CO2 separation at the specified location. In some examples, the methods or processes disclosed herein provide a flexible communication network in which the entity or device performing separation and removal of gaseous CO2 at a specified location can provide timely reports (e.g., a summary of operations and / or an invoice for services provided) related to the amount of gaseous CO2 removed within a predetermined time period. Such reports may, for example, be generated automatically or manually, may be generated at predetermined time intervals (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly, etc.), may be generated more flexibly in a manually determined manner (e.g., each time a user or entity requests it), or may be generated in response to reaching or exceeding predetermined thresholds, including but not limited to the amount of gaseous CO2 separated and removed from the atmosphere (e.g., for every 1 ton, 5 tons, 10 tons, etc. of gaseous CO2 removed from the atmosphere) and any other suitable conditions determined and agreed upon by the relevant entities.

[0145] Various modifications and additions may be made to the exemplary embodiments discussed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, while the embodiments described above refer to specific features, the scope of the present disclosure also includes embodiments having different combinations of features and embodiments that do not include all of the described features. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the claims, as well as all their equivalents.

Claims

1. A direct air capture (DAC) device comprising: a plurality of cassettes disposed adjacent to one another and further configured to receive an incoming flow having a first flow at a first flow rate and a second flow at a second flow rate less than the first flow rate, wherein the plurality of cartridges includes a first type of cartridge having a first type of sorbent suitable for the first flow rate and a second type of cartridge having a second type of sorbent suitable for the second flow rate, wherein the first type of cassette is disposed within the plurality of cassettes to engage the first stream, and wherein the second type of cassette is disposed within the plurality of cassettes to engage the second stream.

2. The DAC device according to claim 1, wherein The second type of cassettes is arranged at a peripheral edge of the plurality of cassettes as viewed from the direction of the incoming flow.

3. The DAC device according to claim 1, wherein Each of the plurality of cartridges has: a frame structure having a plurality of first through-holes to facilitate passage of a first-directional fluid therethrough; a plurality of sorbent articles disposed in the cartridge and supported by the frame structure; as well as A plurality of pipes are provided, each having a plurality of second perforations to facilitate passage of a second-directional fluid therethrough.

4. The DAC device according to claim 3, wherein The first perforations facilitate air flow therethrough, and the second perforations facilitate desorption medium flow therethrough.

5. The DAC device according to claim 4, wherein The plurality of cartridges are provided with gaps between adjacent cartridges to facilitate the flow of desorption medium into the cartridges from each of the gaps.

6. The DAC device according to claim 5, wherein The gaps aid in mixing of the air flow to provide mixing or flow disturbances to the air flow.

7. The DAC device according to claim 5, wherein The gap provides a location that facilitates the escape of water from within the sorbent article disposed in the cartridge.

8. The DAC device according to claim 3, wherein The box is tilted at an angle of 1 to 45 degrees relative to the horizontal axis.

9. The DAC device according to claim 3, wherein Also included is a perforation control mechanism operably coupled to the perforation of the cartridge and configured to control the opening and closing of the perforation.

10. The DAC device according to claim 3, wherein Also included is a plurality of integrated flexible resistive heaters disposed between the frame structure of the cartridge and the sorbent article.

11. A direct air capture (DAC) device comprising: a plurality of cassettes, including an upstream cassette and a downstream cassette, the upstream cassette being arranged to receive an incoming flow and being interposed between the incoming flow and the downstream cassette, wherein the upstream cartridge has a first type of sorbent adapted to engage the incoming flow, and wherein the downstream cartridge has a second type of sorbent adapted to engage the incoming flow after the flow passes through the upstream cartridge.

12. The DAC device according to claim 11, wherein The plurality of cassettes further includes a midstream cassette disposed between the upstream cassette and the downstream cassette.

13. The DAC device according to claim 12, wherein: The second type of sorbent is further adapted to join the incoming flow after the flow passes through the midstream box.

14. A direct air capture (DAC) device comprising: a plurality of cartridges having an upstream surface for receiving an incoming flow and a downstream surface through which the incoming flow exits the plurality of cartridges, the plurality of cartridges further defining a flow path extending between the upstream surface and the downstream surface, the flow path being configured to receive the incoming flow and direct the incoming flow to the downstream surface, Wherein, the plurality of cartridges further define at least one gap disposed between the upstream surface and the downstream surface, the at least one gap defining a cross flow between the plurality of cartridges.

15. The DAC device according to claim 14, wherein The at least one gap interrupts the flow path with a surface that disrupts the laminar nature of the cross flow.

16. The DAC device according to claim 14, wherein The at least one gap temporarily interrupts the flow path with a surface that causes the cross flow to travel in a direction away from the downstream surface.

17. The DAC device according to claim 14, wherein The at least one gap interrupts the flow path by introducing an additional incoming flow that merges with the cross flow.

18. The DAC device according to claim 14, wherein The at least one gap defines a drain that removes water from the plurality of cassettes.

19. The DAC device according to claim 18, wherein The at least one gap is provided between an upstream box of the plurality of boxes and a downstream box of the plurality of boxes, and the drainage portion is configured to balance an upstream amount of water contained in the upstream box and a downstream amount of water contained in the downstream box.

20. The DAC device according to claim 18, wherein The plurality of boxes are disposed at an angle to promote pooling of water in at least one of the plurality of boxes.

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