Apparatus for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and method for recovering valuable components

Abstract

The application provides a device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recycling valuable components. It relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and comprises a bottom plate, a pedestal, an extraction tank, a treatment tank and an extraction mechanism. The pedestal is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the outer wall of the extraction tank is installed on the inner wall of the pedestal, a water tank is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate and located on one side of the pedestal, and the treatment tank is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the water tank. A first top plate is bolted to the top of the extraction tank. Through the system integration of hydrothermal acid leaching, multi-stage solid-liquid separation and leaching liquid refining technology, the deep extraction and efficient utilization of valuable elements such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum are realized, the resource recovery rate is significantly improved, the high-temperature energy consumption mode of traditional pyrometallurgical treatment is broken, and the convex plate continuously rotates to control the guide wheel, so that the lifting rod reciprocally moves up and down in the extraction tank. Such design can break the liquid surface vortex phenomenon caused by traditional rotation, so as to ensure that the top liquid surface of the extraction tank is more stable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and in particular to a device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recycling valuable components. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the prior art, the pyrometallurgical treatment has the problem of high-temperature fluorine volatilization corrosion of equipment, and the hydrometallurgical treatment faces the challenge of difficult treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater, and in the process of treating the waste carbon cathode in the tank, the media needed are not easy to fully mix, which easily affects the treatment effect of the waste carbon cathode, and in addition, the surface stability of the solution is poor under the condition of acid leaching, which leads to poor overall safety during the work process.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recycling valuable components to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recycling valuable components, which solves the technical problems of poor treatment effect of waste carbon cathode and unstable working environment in the tank in the related art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste provided by the present application comprises a bottom plate, a pedestal, an extraction tank, a treatment tank and an extraction mechanism.

[0006] The pedestal is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the outer wall of the extraction tank is installed on the inner wall of the pedestal, a water tank is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate and located on one side of the pedestal, and the treatment tank is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the water tank.

[0007] A first top plate is installed on the top of the extraction tank by bolts, a feed pipe is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the extraction tank, an extraction motor is installed on the top of the first top plate, a first inlet pipe and a second inlet pipe are installed on the upper surface of the first top plate and located on the front and rear of the extraction motor respectively, and a discharge pipe is installed on the bottom of the extraction tank.

[0008] The extraction mechanism comprises a fixing ring fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the extraction tank, four sleeves are fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the fixing ring, a sliding rod is slidingly connected to the upper surface of each of the four sleeves, a lifting rod is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the sliding rod, a lifting ring is fixedly arranged on the top of the sliding rod, two guide wheels are installed on the upper surface of the lifting ring, a key rod is connected to the output shaft key groove of the extraction motor, a rotating ring is connected to the outer wall key groove of the key rod, two protruding plates are installed on the bottom of the rotating ring by bolts, a stirring rod is fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the key rod and located in the interior of the extraction tank, and a reset spring is installed in the interior of each of the four sleeves.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom port of the first and second inlet pipes penetrates the interior of the first top plate and extends to the interior of the extraction tank, and the upper portion of the key rod is rotatably connected to the shaft of the first top plate through a bearing.

[0010] Preferably, the four sleeves are equidistantly and annularly arranged about the shaft of the fixing ring, and the bottom end of the sliding rod is in contact with the upper surface of the return spring.

[0011] Preferably, the outer wall of the lifting ring slides up and down about the inner wall of the extraction tank, and the two guide wheels are in continuous contact with the lower surface of the rotating ring.

[0012] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism is further included.

[0013] A second top plate is mounted on the top of the treatment tank, a treatment motor is mounted on the top of the second top plate, a treatment pump is mounted on the upper surface of the bottom plate and located at one side of the water tank, a water pipe is mounted on the outlet end of the treatment pump, two positioning frames are mounted on the inner wall of the treatment tank, a spraying pipe is arranged on the upper surface of each positioning frame, an inspection pipe is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the treatment tank and located at one side of the spraying pipe, a circulating pump is mounted on the upper surface of the bottom plate and located at one side of the treatment pump, and an auxiliary pipe is mounted on the outlet end of the circulating pump.

[0014] The adjusting mechanism includes a rotating rod, a first filler plate and a second filler plate, the rotating rod is splinedly connected to the output shaft of the treatment motor, the first and second filler plates are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the treatment tank and located below the spraying pipes, a first rotating disc and a second rotating disc are splinedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod and located below the first and second filler plates, and the same notches are formed in the interiors of the first and second filler plates, the first rotating disc and the second rotating disc.

[0015] Preferably, the water pipe and the spraying pipe are sealingly and communicatively installed, the inlet end of the treatment pump and the water tank are sealingly installed, the outlet end of the auxiliary pipe and the second inlet pipe are sealingly and communicatively installed, the inlet end of the circulating pump and the back of the water tank are sealingly and communicatively installed, the outer walls of the first and second rotating discs are in contact with the inner wall of the treatment tank, the notches are of arc-shaped structure, and the rotating rod penetrates the shaft of the first and second filler plates.

[0016] Preferably, the engaging mechanism and the air intake mechanism are further included.

[0017] An exhaust pipe is mounted on the side wall of the extraction tank, the engaging mechanism includes a mounting plate and a ratchet wheel, the mounting plate is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the extraction tank, the ratchet wheel is splinedly connected to the outer wall of the key rod and located above the mounting plate, a ratchet gear is meshingly connected to the outer wall of the ratchet wheel, a drive pulley is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate and located at one side of the ratchet gear, and a belt is sleeved on the outer walls of the ratchet gear and the drive pulley.

[0018] The air inlet mechanism comprises a negative pressure cover fixed on the exhaust pipe outlet end and above the mounting plate, and a shell fixed on the outer wall of the negative pressure cover, an air inlet is formed in the shell, a rotating plate is connected to the key groove in the shell at the center of the drive belt wheel, the outer wall of the rotating plate is rotatably connected with a first flap, a second flap and a third flap, and a ring groove is formed in the inner bottom of the shell.

[0019] Preferably, the cross section of the rotating plate is hexagonal, the center of the rotating plate is eccentric to the center of the shell, the first flap, the second flap and the third flap are respectively connected with the ring groove in sliding mode, and the bottom end of the exhaust pipe is sealingly connected with the treatment tank.

[0020] The method for recovering valuable components comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1: weigh the waste carbon cathode, water and hydrochloric acid, mix them according to the proportion, react at a certain temperature for a period of time, filter to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and a fluorine-containing filtrate A;

[0022] S2: add calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide to the fluorine-containing filtrate A according to the proportion, adjust the pH to 12-13 at a certain temperature and react for a period of time, then perform solid-liquid separation to obtain a calcium fluoride crude product and a filtrate B;

[0023] S3: mix the calcium fluoride crude product with hydrochloric acid of a certain concentration to perform acid pickling, then perform water washing after filtering to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride;

[0024] S4: add hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5 at a certain temperature and react for a period of time, then filter to obtain cryolite and a filtrate C;

[0025] S5: evaporate and crystallize the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water;

[0026] S6: the volatile gas generated in S1 is absorbed by lye, after saturation, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution, and the oxidized lye can be used for pH adjustment in S2.

[0027] Compared with the related art, the device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and the method for recovering valuable components have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] Through the system integration of hydrothermal acid leaching, multi-stage solid-liquid separation and leaching liquid refining technology, the deep extraction and efficient utilization of valuable elements such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum are realized, the resource recovery rate is significantly improved, the high-temperature energy consumption mode of traditional pyrometallurgical treatment is broken, the whole process is operated at room temperature, the emission of waste gas, waste water and waste residue is greatly reduced, and a green and low-carbon closed cycle system is constructed by cooperating with waste water gradient reuse;

[0029] In terms of economic benefits, the value of waste carbon resources is improved through the directional conversion of high-value-added chemicals, and the disposal cost of waste residues is reduced, forming a sustainable industrial model that is resource-saving, environmentally friendly and cost-controllable, and providing both technical and economic benefits and environmental benefits for the treatment of solid waste in the electrolytic aluminum industry.

[0030] And when the iron-rich aluminum electrolyte is in the process of rotating acid leaching in the extraction tank, the lifting rod reciprocatingly moves in the extraction tank by increasing two convex plates to continuously rotate the guide wheel on the basis of the traditional stirring technology, the design can break the liquid vortex phenomenon caused by the traditional rotation, so as to ensure that the top liquid surface of the extraction tank is more stable, realize that the working environment in the extraction tank is safer, and the medium is mixed by acid leaching from the middle position of the extraction tank by the lifting mode, and then the acid leaching effect is maximized in combination with the bottom rotation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from the structures shown in the drawings without creative labor.

[0032] Figure 1 The best structure schematic diagram provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0033] Figure 2 The back structure schematic diagram provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0034] Figure 3 The Figure 1 The extraction tank cross-section structure schematic diagram is shown in the figure;

[0035] Figure 4 The Figure 3 The initial working state schematic diagram of the extraction mechanism is shown in the figure;

[0036] Figure 5 The Figure 4 The rotating working state schematic diagram of the extraction mechanism is shown in the figure;

[0037] Figure 6 The Figure 4 The sleeve cross-section structure schematic diagram is shown in the figure;

[0038] Figure 7 The Figure 1 The processing tank cross-section structure schematic diagram is shown in the figure;

[0039] Figure 8 The Figure 7 The initial working state schematic diagram of the adjusting mechanism is shown in the figure;

[0040] Figure 9 For Figure 8 The first rotary disc and the second rotary disc are shown in the rotary opening slot working state schematic view.

[0041] Figure 10 For Figure 8 The first rotary disc and the second rotary disc are shown in the rotary fully open slot working state schematic view.

[0042] Figure 11 For Figure 1 The connection structure schematic view of the connection mechanism and the air inlet mechanism is shown.

[0043] Figure 12 For Figure 11 The initial working state schematic view of the air inlet mechanism is shown.

[0044] Figure 13 For Figure 12 The rotary working state schematic view of the air inlet mechanism is shown.

[0045] Figure 14 The overall flow schematic view of the method for recycling valuable components provided by the application is shown.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0047] 1, base plate; 2, pedestal; 3, extraction tank; 4, water tank; 5, treatment tank;

[0048] 6, extraction mechanism; 61, fixed ring; 62, sleeve; 63, sliding rod; 64, lifting rod; 65, lifting ring; 66, guide wheel; 67, key rod; 68, rotating ring; 69, convex plate; 610, stirring rod; 611, return spring;

[0049] 7, adjustment mechanism; 71, rotating rod; 72, first rotary disc; 73, second rotary disc; 74, first filler plate; 75, second filler plate; 76, slot;

[0050] 8, connection mechanism; 81, mounting plate; 82, ratchet gear; 83, drive pulley; 84, belt; 85, ratchet wheel;

[0051] 9, air inlet mechanism; 91, negative pressure cover; 92, air inlet; 93, rotating plate; 94, first flap; 95, second flap; 96, third flap; 97, ring groove; 98, outer shell;

[0052] 10, first top plate; 11, extraction motor; 12, first inlet pipe; 13, second inlet pipe; 14, treatment pump; 15, maintenance pipe; 16, second top plate; 17, circulating pump; 18, auxiliary pipe; 19, water pipe; 20, treatment motor; 21, feed pipe; 22, exhaust pipe; 23, discharge pipe; 24, positioning frame; 25, spray pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0054] The present application provides a device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recovering valuable components.

[0055] First embodiment:

[0056] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 , the device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste comprises a bottom plate 1, a pedestal 2, an extraction tank 3, a treatment tank 5 and an extraction mechanism 6;

[0057] The pedestal 2 is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 1, the outer wall of the extraction tank 3 is installed on the inner wall of the pedestal 2, the upper surface of the bottom plate 1 and located on one side of the pedestal 2 is provided with a water tank 4, and the treatment tank 5 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the water tank 4;

[0058] The top of the extraction tank 3 is provided with a first top plate 10 through bolts, the side wall of the extraction tank 3 is fixedly provided with a feed pipe 21, the top of the first top plate 10 is provided with an extraction motor 11, the upper surface of the first top plate 10 and located on the front and rear of the extraction motor 11 is respectively provided with a first inlet pipe 12 and a second inlet pipe 13, and the bottom of the extraction tank 3 is provided with a discharge pipe 23;

[0059] The extraction mechanism 6 comprises a fixed ring 61 fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the extraction tank 3, four sleeves 62 fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the fixed ring 61, a sliding rod 63 slidingly connected to the upper surface of each of the four sleeves 62, a lifting rod 64 fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the sliding rod 63, a lifting ring 65 fixedly arranged on the top of the sliding rod 63, two guide wheels 66 fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the lifting ring 65, a key rod 67 in key groove connection with the output shaft of the extraction motor 11, a rotating ring 68 in key groove connection with the outer wall of the key rod 67, two protruding plates 69 fixedly arranged on the bottom of the rotating ring 68, a stirring rod 610 fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the key rod 67 and located in the extraction tank 3, and a reset spring 611 arranged in each of the four sleeves 62.

[0060] Preferably, the convex plate 69 is designed in a configuration of two sides inclined and middle high.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 : When the initial working state, the slide rod 63 is located at the top of the sleeve 62, and the guide wheel 66 continuously adheres to the lower surface of the rotating ring 68.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 : When the extraction motor 11 control key rod 67 counterclockwise rotation, when the key rod 67 counterclockwise rotation can drive the rotating ring 68 rotation, rotating ring 68 rotation linkage convex plate 69 rotation, when the rotating ring 68 rotation in the process of guide wheel 66 will continue to roll on the lower surface of the rotating ring 68, when the two convex plate 69 rotation to the guide wheel 66 position;

[0063] The slope of the convex plate 69 will force control guide wheel 66, when the guide wheel 66 is subjected to the force of the slope direction, the guide wheel 66 will move down to control the lifting ring 65, so that the four slide rods 63 in the sleeve 62 inside the decline, when the bottom of the convex plate 69 rotates to the guide wheel 66 position, the slide rod 63 at this time the position of the decline is the lowest;

[0064] With the continuous rotation of the convex plate 69, when the other side of the convex plate 69 rotates to the guide wheel 66 position, the guide wheel 66 will follow the slope from the lowest point to adapt to the initial state, at this time the guide wheel 66 and the bottom of the rotating ring 68 contact, and when the key rod 67 rotates in the process, the key rod 67 will linkage control the bottom of the stirring rod 610 linkage rotation.

[0065] The bottom port of the first and second inlet pipe 12 and 13 through the inside of the first top plate 10 and extends to the inside of the extraction tank 3, the upper of the key rod 67 through the bearing and the shaft center of the first top plate 10 rotation connection.

[0066] Four of the sleeve 62 about the fixed ring 61 equidistant annular distribution of the shaft center, the bottom of the slide rod 63 and the upper surface of the reset spring 611 contact.

[0067] The outer wall of the lifting ring 65 about the inner wall of the extraction tank 3 up and down sliding, two of the guide wheel 66 and the lower surface of the rotating ring 68 contact each other.

[0068] It can be understood that: combined with Figure 6 It can be seen that the bottom of the sleeve 62 is connected by setting the reset spring 611 and the slide rod 63, so that when the slide rod 63 drives the lifting rod 64 to descend, it can be automatically reset to the initial state with the linkage of the convex plate 69, combined with the actual working condition, the user can freely replace the convex plate 69 of different shapes;

[0069] In order to ensure the sealing, the first entering pipe 12, the second entering pipe 13 and the feeding pipe 21 need to be externally provided with a one-way valve for sealing installation.

[0070] The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:

[0071] S1: first, water and the waste carbon cathode are added into the extraction tank 3 through the feeding pipe 21, and then hydrochloric acid is added into the extraction tank 3 through the first entering pipe 12 and the first top plate 10, at this time, the medium in the extraction tank 3 is an iron-rich aluminum electrolyte;

[0072] S2: acid leaching;

[0073] The extraction motor 11 is started to control the key rod 67 to rotate counterclockwise, and the iron-rich aluminum electrolyte in the extraction tank 3 is mixed and stirred during the rotation of the key rod 67, so as to realize the acid leaching function. When the key rod 67 rotates counterclockwise, the rotating ring 68 can be synchronously driven to rotate, the linkage lug plate 69 is rotated when the rotating ring 68 rotates, and the guide wheel 66 can be controlled to drive the sliding rod 63 to move up and down through the continuously rotating lug plate 69, so as to realize the lifting movement of the lifting rod 64 controlled by the sliding rod 63, and the bottom stirring rod 610 is matched to realize the full mixing of the medium in the extraction tank 3 to realize acid leaching;

[0074] S3: after a period of reaction, a fluorine-containing filtrate A is obtained, the user adds calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide solution into the extraction tank 3 through the second entering pipe 13, adjusts the pH to 12-13, and reacts for a period of time, then discharges the medium in the extraction tank 3 through the discharge pipe 23, and finally solid-liquid separation is carried out to obtain calcium fluoride crude product and filtrate B;

[0075] S4: the calcium fluoride crude product is mixed with hydrochloric acid of a certain concentration for pickling, and after pickling, filtration and water washing, high-purity calcium fluoride is obtained, which can be used to obtain metal calcium element;

[0076] S5: hydrochloric acid is added to the filtrate B, the pH is adjusted to 5.5-6.5 at a certain temperature, and after a period of reaction, ice crystal and filtrate C are obtained by filtration, and sodium chloride and distilled water are obtained by evaporation and crystallization of the filtrate C. Finally, sodium chloride can obtain metal sodium element.

[0077] The embodiment:

[0078] Through the system integration of hydrothermal acid leaching, multi-stage solid-liquid separation and leaching liquid refining technology, the deep extraction and efficient utilization of valuable elements such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum are realized, the resource recovery rate is significantly improved, the high-temperature energy consumption mode of traditional pyrometallurgical treatment is broken, the whole process is operated at room temperature, the emission of waste gas, waste water and waste residue is greatly reduced, and the waste water is reused in stages to build a green and low-carbon closed cycle system;

[0079] In terms of economic benefits, the value of waste carbon resources is improved through the directional conversion of high-value-added chemicals, and the disposal cost of waste residues is simultaneously reduced, forming a sustainable industrial model that is resource-saving, environmentally friendly, and cost-controllable, providing both technical and economic benefits and environmental benefits for the treatment of solid waste in the electrolytic aluminum industry.

[0080] And when the iron-rich aluminum electrolyte is rotating acid leaching in the extraction tank 3, the lifting rod 64 reciprocatingly moves up and down in the extraction tank 3 by increasing two convex plates 69 to continuously rotate the guide wheel 66 on the basis of the traditional stirring technology, which can break the liquid vortex phenomenon caused by the traditional rotation, thereby ensuring that the top liquid level of the extraction tank 3 is more stable, realizing a safer working environment in the extraction tank 3, and at the same time, the medium is mixed by acid leaching in a lifting manner from the middle position of the extraction tank 3, and then the acid leaching effect is maximized in combination with the bottom rotation to achieve the best extraction effect.

[0081] Second embodiment:

[0082] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 7 and Figure 10 , also including an adjusting mechanism 7;

[0083] A second top plate 16 is installed on the top of the treatment tank 5, a treatment motor 20 is installed on the top of the second top plate 16, a treatment pump 14 is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 1 and located on one side of the water tank 4, a water pipe 19 is installed at the outlet end of the treatment pump 14, two positioning racks 24 are installed on the inner wall of the treatment tank 5, spray pipes 25 are erected on the upper surfaces of the two positioning racks 24, an inspection pipe 15 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the treatment tank 5 and located on one side of the spray pipe 25, a circulating pump 17 is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 1 and located on one side of the treatment pump 14, and an auxiliary pipe 18 is installed at the outlet end of the circulating pump 17;

[0084] The adjusting mechanism 7 includes a rotating rod 71, a first filler plate 74 and a second filler plate 75, the rotating rod 71 is spline-connected to the output shaft of the treatment motor 20, the first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75 are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the treatment tank 5 and located below the spray pipes 25, the outer wall of the rotating rod 71 and located below the first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75 spline-connects a first rotating disc 72 and a second rotating disc 73, and the interiors of the first filler plate 74, the second filler plate 75, the first rotating disc 72 and the second rotating disc 73 are all provided with the same notches 76.

[0085] Please refer to Figure 1 : The volatile gas generated during the working process of the first embodiment enters the treatment tank 5 through the waste gas pipe 22, and it should be noted that the waste gas pipe 22 needs to be externally provided with a negative pressure machine to ensure that the exhaust space above the extraction tank 3 is in a negative pressure environment;

[0086] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 : the upper part of the first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75 is used to place the filler medium for waste gas treatment;

[0087] Please refer to Figure 8 : in the initial state, the first rotating disc 72 and the second rotating disc 73 close the first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75, and at this time the slot 76 is completely closed;

[0088] Please refer to Figure 9 : the user starts the treatment motor 20 to control the rotation of the rotating rod 71, and in the process of rotating the rotating rod 71, the first rotating disc 72 and the second rotating disc 73 are linked to rotate, and in the process of rotating, the slot 76 on the first rotating disc 72 and the second rotating disc 73 and the slot 76 on the first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75 form staggered opening;

[0089] Please refer to Figure 10 : after the first rotating disc 72 and the second rotating disc 73 continuously rotate to drive the slot 76 and the slot 76 on the first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75 to completely coincide, at this time the slot 76 is completely open.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 7 : the volatile gas entering the treatment tank 5 moves upward, passes through the second filler plate 75 and the first filler plate 74, and the user starts the treatment pump 14 to spray the lye in the water tank 4 on the volatile gas for alkali absorption, so that the volatile gas can be treated.

[0091] The water pipe 19 is in sealed communication with the spray pipe 25, the inlet end of the treatment pump 14 is in sealed installation with the water tank 4, the outlet end of the auxiliary pipe 18 is in sealed communication with the second inlet pipe 13, the inlet end of the circulating pump 17 is in sealed communication with the back of the water tank 4, the outer wall of the first rotating disc 72 and the second rotating disc 73 is in contact with the inner wall of the treatment tank 5, the slot 76 is in arc structure, and the rotating rod 71 penetrates the shaft center of the first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75.

[0092] It can be understood that: in the actual working process, the user can maintain or clean and replace the filler medium on the first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75 through the maintenance pipe 15, and secondly, the first rotating disc 72 and the second rotating disc 73 are installed below the first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75, and in the process of rotating the first rotating disc 72 and the second rotating disc 73, the filler medium is not affected;

[0093] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2When the alkali solution is saturated, it will be recycled into the water tank 4, and the user can add sodium hypochlorite to the saturated solution to oxidize cyanide. The user starts the circulating pump 17 to insert the saturated alkali solution in the water tank 4 into the auxiliary pipe 18, and through the auxiliary pipe 18 into the second inlet pipe 13, which can be used for adjusting the PH function in the first embodiment.

[0094] This embodiment:

[0095] Compared with the traditional design, the first filler plate 74 and the first rotating disc 72 are attached, and the second filler plate 75 and the second rotating disc 73 are attached. The first filler plate 74, the first rotating disc 72, the second filler plate 75 and the second rotating disc 73 are internally provided with grooves 76 of the same structure. By rotating the first rotating disc 72 and the second rotating disc 73, the grooves 76 can be closed and opened, and the overlapping area between the grooves 76 can be controlled during rotation to change the size of the grooves 76. The size of the volatile gas passing through can be realized. If the volatile gas is large, the passing area of the grooves 76 can be increased, and if the volatile gas is small, it can be reduced. The user can freely adjust and control.

[0096] Secondly, the volatile gas is treated by alkali absorption, and finally the alkali solution will also enter the water tank 4 and be recycled into the second inlet pipe 13 to assist in adjusting the pH value in the extraction tank 3. This design can reuse the alkali solution in the water tank 4.

[0097] Third embodiment:

[0098] Please refer to Figure 11 and Figure 13 It also includes a connection mechanism 8 and an air inlet mechanism 9.

[0099] The side wall of the extraction tank 3 is provided with a waste gas pipe 22. The connection mechanism 8 includes a mounting plate 81 and a ratchet wheel 85. The mounting plate 81 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the extraction tank 3. The ratchet wheel 85 is connected to the outer wall of the key rod 67 and located above the mounting plate 81. The outer wall of the ratchet wheel 85 is engaged with a ratchet gear 82. The upper surface of the mounting plate 81 and located on one side of the ratchet gear 82 is rotatably connected with a drive pulley 83. The outer walls of the ratchet gear 82 and the drive pulley 83 are sleeved with a belt 84.

[0100] Please refer to Figure 11 : During the working process of the first embodiment, the key rod 67 rotates counterclockwise, which synchronously drives the ratchet wheel 85 to rotate counterclockwise. The counterclockwise rotating ratchet wheel 85 does not affect the working of the ratchet gear 82, so the air inlet mechanism 9 does not work during the working process of the first embodiment.

[0101] The air intake mechanism 9 includes a negative pressure hood 91 and a housing 98. The negative pressure hood 91 is fixed to the exhaust end of the exhaust pipe 22 and located above the mounting plate 81. The housing 98 is fixed to the outer wall of the negative pressure hood 91. An air inlet 92 is provided inside the housing 98. A rotating plate 93 is connected to the shaft of the drive pulley 83 and located inside the housing 98 via a keyway. A first flap 94, a second flap 95, and a third flap 96 are rotatably connected to the outer wall of the rotating plate 93. An annular groove 97 is provided at the inner bottom of the housing 98.

[0102] Please see Figure 11 and Figure 12 When switching from the first embodiment to the second embodiment, it is necessary to discharge the volatile gas in the extraction tank 3 into the processing tank 5. At this time, the user needs to control the key lever 67 to rotate clockwise. During the clockwise rotation, the ratchet 85 rotates clockwise, driving the ratchet gear 82 to rotate. The transmission belt 84 controls the drive pulley 83 to rotate clockwise.

[0103] As the drive pulley 83 rotates clockwise, it will drive the rotating plate 93 to rotate inside the outer shell 98. The volatile gas in the extraction tank 3 enters the space of the first flap 94 and the third flap 96 through the air inlet 92. At this time, there is already volatile gas inside the first flap 94 and the second flap 95.

[0104] Please see Figure 13 As the rotating plate 93 continues to rotate, the gas in the first flap 94 and the third flap 96 will exist in a space. At the same time, the volatile gas in the first flap 94 and the second flap 95 will form a space compression, and the compressed volatile gas will be rotated and discharged into the negative pressure hood 91. Through the negative pressure hood 91, it will be drawn into the exhaust pipe 22. The gas in the first flap 94 and the third flap 96 will be compressed again, and the third flap 96 and the second flap 95 will rotate to the air inlet 92 position to allow air to enter again.

[0105] The rotating plate 93 has a hexagonal cross-section. The center of the rotating plate 93 is eccentrically positioned relative to the axis of the outer shell 98. The first flap 94, the second flap 95, and the third flap 96 are slidably connected to the annular groove 97. The bottom end of the exhaust pipe 22 is sealed and connected to the treatment tank 5.

[0106] Understandably: Because the rotating plate 93 and the outer casing 98 are eccentrically rotated, the rotating plate 93 is eccentric during rotation. In actual operation, the user can use a coil spring to connect the first flap 94, the second flap 95 and the third flap 96 to the rotating plate 93, and restrict the annular groove 97 to ensure that the first flap 94, the second flap 95 and the third flap 96 can be stably and regularly transmitted.

[0107] This embodiment:

[0108] Compared with the traditional exhaust design, the first flap 94, the second flap 95 and the third flap 96 form a space between each other, when each space rotates to the air inlet 92, the space is maximized, when rotating to the position of the negative pressure cover 91, due to the influence of eccentric rotation, the volume in the space will change, such design can divide the volatile gas into three spaces for transportation, and also form separate compression while transporting;

[0109] Thus, it is ensured that the volatile gas can be stably and quickly transported into the treatment tank 5, and when the rotating plate 93 stops, the first flap 94, the second flap 95 and the third flap 96 can close and block the air inlet 92 regardless of the position, so that even if overflow occurs in the extraction tank 3, the air inlet mechanism 9 can automatically block the treatment tank 5 and the extraction tank 3, ensuring that the work does not affect each other.

[0110] Fourth embodiment:

[0111] The method for recovering valuable components comprises the following steps:

[0112] S1: weigh the waste carbon cathode, water and hydrochloric acid and mix them according to the proportion, react at a certain temperature for a period of time, and filter to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and a fluorine-containing filtrate A;

[0113] S2: add calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide to the fluorine-containing filtrate A according to the proportion, adjust the pH to 12-13 at a certain temperature and react for a period of time, and then perform solid-liquid separation to obtain calcium fluoride crude and a filtrate B;

[0114] S3: mix the calcium fluoride crude with hydrochloric acid of a certain concentration for pickling, filter and wash with water after pickling to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride;

[0115] S4: add hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5 at a certain temperature and react for a period of time, and then filter to obtain cryolite and a filtrate C;

[0116] S5: evaporate and crystallize the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water;

[0117] S6: the volatile gas generated in S1 is absorbed by lye, after saturation, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution, and the oxidized lye can be used for pH adjustment in S2.

[0118] The following effects are a plurality of different effects obtained by combining the experimental method:

[0119] The first kind:

[0120] S1: weigh 100g of waste carbon cathode and mix with hydrochloric acid of a concentration of 3mol / L according to a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1, react at 68℃ for 5 hours, and filter to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and a fluorine-containing filtrate A;

[0121] S2: After adding calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide to the fluorine-containing filtrate A, adjusting the pH to 12 at 68°C and reacting for 5 hours, solid-liquid separation was performed to obtain calcium fluoride crude and filtrate B;

[0122] S3: The calcium fluoride crude was mixed with hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 1 mol / L at a liquid-solid ratio of 4:1 for acid washing. After acid washing, water washing was performed at a liquid-solid ratio of 4:1, and high-purity calcium fluoride was obtained by filtration;

[0123] S4: Hydrochloric acid was added to the filtrate B, the pH was adjusted to 6.5 at 68°C, and after reacting for 3 hours, ice crystals and filtrate C were obtained by filtration;

[0124] S5: Filtrate C was evaporated and crystallized to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water, and the distilled water could be used in step S1;

[0125] S6: The volatile gas generated in step S1 was absorbed by lye, and after saturation, sodium hypochlorite was added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution. The oxidized lye was used for pH adjustment in step S2.

[0126] The second method combined with the above method

[0127] The second method combined with the above method

[0128] S1: 500g of waste carbon cathode was mixed with hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 4 mol / L at a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1, reacted at 68°C for 4 hours, and high-purity carbon blocks and fluorine-containing filtrate A were obtained by filtration;

[0129] S2: After adding calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide to the fluorine-containing filtrate A, adjusting the pH to 13 at 68°C and reacting for 4 hours, solid-liquid separation was performed to obtain calcium fluoride crude and filtrate B;

[0130] S3: The calcium fluoride crude was mixed with hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 1 mol / L at a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1 for acid washing. After acid washing, water washing was performed at a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1, and high-purity calcium fluoride was obtained by filtration;

[0131] S4: Hydrochloric acid was added to the filtrate B, the pH was adjusted to 6.0 at 68°C, and after reacting for 2.5 hours, ice crystals and filtrate C were obtained by filtration;

[0132] S5: Filtrate C was evaporated and crystallized to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water, and the distilled water could be used in step S1;

[0133] S6: The volatile gas generated in step S1 was absorbed by lye, and after saturation, sodium hypochlorite was added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution. The oxidized lye was used for pH adjustment in step S2.

[0134] The third method combined with the above method

[0135] S1: take 1000g waste carbon cathode and hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 4mol / L according to liquid-solid ratio 6:1, react at 68℃ for 3 hours, filter to obtain high-purity carbon block and fluorine-containing filtrate A;

[0136] S2: add calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide to the fluorine-containing filtrate A, adjust the pH to 12.5 at 68℃ and react for 4 hours, then solid-liquid separation to obtain calcium fluoride crude and filtrate B;

[0137] S3: mix the calcium fluoride crude with hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 1mol / L according to liquid-solid ratio 6:1 for acid pickling, then water washing according to liquid-solid ratio 6:1 after acid pickling, filter to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride;

[0138] S4: add hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjust the pH to 5.5 at 68℃ and react for 2.5 hours, then filter to obtain cryolite and filtrate C;

[0139] S5: evaporate and crystallize the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water, and the distilled water can be used in step S1;

[0140] S6: the volatile gas generated in step S1 is absorbed by lye, after saturation, add sodium hypochlorite to oxidize cyanide in the saturated solution, and the oxidized lye is used for pH adjustment in step S2.

[0141] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application, any equivalent structural transformation made under the concept of the present application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An apparatus for extracting aluminium and calcium from solid waste material, characterised in that, It includes a base plate, a pedestal, an extraction tank, a processing tank and an extraction mechanism; The pedestal is installed on the upper surface of the base plate, the outer wall of the extraction tank is installed on the inner wall of the pedestal, and the upper surface of the base plate and on one side of the pedestal is provided with a water tank, and the processing tank is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the water tank; The top of the extraction tank is provided with a first top plate through bolts, the side wall of the extraction tank is provided with a feeding pipe, the top of the first top plate is provided with an extraction motor, the upper surface of the first top plate and on the front and rear sides of the extraction motor are respectively provided with a first inlet pipe and a second inlet pipe, and the bottom of the extraction tank is provided with a discharging pipe; The extraction mechanism comprises a fixing ring fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the extraction tank, four sleeves fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the fixing ring, four sliding rods in sliding connection with the upper surfaces of the four sleeves, a lifting rod fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the sliding rod, a lifting ring fixedly arranged on the top of the sliding rod, two guide wheels fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the lifting ring, a key rod in key groove connection with the output shaft of the extraction motor, a rotating ring in key groove connection with the outer wall of the key rod, two protruding plates in bolt connection with the bottom of the rotating ring, a stirring rod fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the key rod and in the extraction tank, and four reset springs arranged in the four sleeves. It also comprises a connecting mechanism and an air inlet mechanism. The side wall of the extraction tank is provided with a waste gas pipe, the connecting mechanism comprises a mounting plate and a ratchet wheel, the mounting plate is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the extraction tank, the ratchet wheel is in key groove connection with the outer wall of the key rod and above the mounting plate, the outer wall of the ratchet wheel is in meshing connection with a ratchet gear, a driving pulley is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate and on one side of the ratchet gear, and the outer walls of the ratchet gear and the driving pulley are sleeved with a belt. The air inlet mechanism comprises a negative pressure cover and a shell, the negative pressure cover is fixedly arranged on the gas outlet end of the waste gas pipe and above the mounting plate, the shell is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the negative pressure cover, an air inlet is formed in the shell, a rotating plate is in key groove connection with the shaft center of the driving pulley and in the shell, the outer wall of the rotating plate is rotatably connected with a first flap, a second flap and a third flap, and an annular groove is formed in the inner bottom of the shell. The cross section of the rotating plate is in hexagonal structure, the center of the rotating plate and the shaft center of the shell are eccentrically arranged, the first flap, the second flap and the third flap are respectively in sliding connection with the annular groove, and the bottom end of the waste gas pipe is in sealing communication with the processing tank.

2. The apparatus for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 1, wherein The bottom ports of the first inlet pipe and the second inlet pipe penetrate into the interior of the first top plate and extend to the interior of the extraction tank, and the upper portion of the key rod is rotatably connected with the shaft center of the first top plate through a bearing.

3. The apparatus for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 1, wherein The four sleeves are equidistantly and annularly distributed about the shaft center of the fixing ring, and the bottom end of the sliding rod is in contact with the upper surface of the reset spring.

4. The apparatus for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 1, wherein The outer wall of the lifting ring slides up and down about the inner wall of the extraction tank, and the two guide wheels are in continuous contact with the lower surface of the rotating ring.

5. The apparatus for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 1, wherein It also comprises an adjusting mechanism. The top of the processing tank is provided with a second top plate, the top of the second top plate is provided with a processing motor, the upper surface of the bottom plate and on one side of the water tank is provided with a processing pump, the outlet end of the processing pump is provided with a water pipe, the inner wall of the processing tank is provided with two positioning racks, the upper surfaces of the two positioning racks are each provided with a spray pipe, the outer wall of the processing tank and on one side of the spray pipe is fixedly provided with an inspection pipe, the upper surface of the bottom plate and on one side of the processing pump is provided with a circulating pump, and the outlet end of the circulating pump is provided with an auxiliary pipe. The adjusting mechanism comprises a rotating rod, a first filler plate and a second filler plate, the rotating rod is connected to the output shaft of the processing motor in a key groove manner, the first filler plate and the second filler plate are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the processing tank and below the spray pipes, the outer wall of the rotating rod and below the first filler plate and the second filler plate is connected to a first rotating disc and a second rotating disc in a key groove manner, and the interiors of the first filler plate, the second filler plate, the first rotating disc and the second rotating disc are each provided with the same notch.

6. The apparatus for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 5, wherein The water pipe and the spray pipe are in sealed communication, the inlet end of the processing pump and the water tank are in sealed installation, the outlet end of the auxiliary pipe and the second inlet pipe are in sealed communication, the inlet end of the circulating pump and the back of the water tank are in sealed communication, the outer walls of the first rotating disc and the second rotating disc are in contact with the inner wall of the processing tank, the notch is in an arc structure, and the rotating rod penetrates the shaft centers of the first filler plate and the second filler plate.

7. A method of recovering valuable components, characterized by The method for recovering valuable components comprises the equipment for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to any one of claims 1-6, and comprises the following steps. S1: weighing waste carbon cathode, water and hydrochloric acid, mixing them according to a proportion, reacting at 68 DEG C for 5 hours, and filtering to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and a fluorine-containing filtrate A; S2: adding calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide to the fluorine-containing filtrate A according to a proportion, adjusting the pH to 12 at 68 DEG C, and reacting for 5 hours, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain calcium fluoride crude and a filtrate B; S3: mixing the calcium fluoride crude with hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 1 mol / L according to a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1 to perform pickling, filtering after pickling, and then performing water washing to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride; S4: adding hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5 at 68 DEG C, and reacting for a period of time, and then filtering to obtain cryolite and a filtrate C; S5: evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water; S6: the volatile gas generated in S1 is absorbed by lye, after saturation, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize cyanide in the saturated solution, and the oxidized lye is used for pH adjustment in S2.

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