Structure, energy storage and heat preservation integrated multifunctional building board and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and discloses a structure, energy storage and heat preservation integrated multifunctional building board and a preparation method thereof.The building board comprises a structure frame G, an interface function layer D, an internal filling layer M and an upper boundary layer S. The structure frame G has the stress bearing function and is divided into grids by vertical partition plates, and the upper boundary layer S is arranged in the middle of the structure frame G; each grid is an energy storage unit, and energy transmission between the internal energy storage unit and the outside is carried out through the T / L-shaped metal embedded part; the interface function layer D has an energy storage function; the internal filling layer M has heat preservation and energy storage functions; the upper boundary layer S is used as a packaging and protecting layer of the multifunctional building board; through the structural design of four parts of the building board and the design of material components of different layers, the multifunctional building board integrating structure, energy storage and heat preservation is formed, the assembly type construction requirement is met, and a building-structure super capacitor is formed and has the energy storage function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and in particular relates to a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation, and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cement-based composites (cement concrete) are the most widely used building materials today. Engineers and technicians are constantly experimenting with transforming the cement matrix to create structurally integrated, intelligent cement-based composites that not only possess excellent structural load-bearing capacity and durability, but also possess additional functions such as thermal insulation, sound insulation, electrical conductivity, sensory properties, electromagnetic wave shielding and absorption, and energy storage. However, the material composition requirements and preparation processes for these new multifunctional cement-based composites far exceed those currently used in ordinary concrete. These complex and challenging applications pose significant challenges, severely hindering their industrial application.

[0003] Integrated structural-insulation-decorative panels are composed of a structural layer, an insulating and decorative layer, anchors, and sealing materials. They evolved from traditional concrete structure pouring and exterior wall insulation with thin plastering. Because these panels integrate both the insulation and decorative layers, they transform the layer-by-layer construction of walls and thin plastering into a single application, reducing wet work on the construction site, improving installation efficiency, and shortening construction schedules. This has led to their rapid growth in the prefabricated building industry.

[0004] The current manufacturing process for integrated structure-insulation-decoration panels involves sequentially manufacturing the wall structure, insulation layer, and decorative layer. This shifts on-site construction to the factory, improving the automation and production efficiency of construction, and meeting the demand for efficient and green prefabricated buildings. Wall structures are typically reinforced concrete, and a variety of insulation materials are used, including expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PU), rock wool board, and slag wool board. The appropriate material and thickness are selected based on the building's thermal conductivity requirements. The decorative layer is determined by the architectural design style.

[0005] Regarding the use of cement-based materials or wall panels as building structure energy storage technologies, there are currently only some relevant explorations. For example, patent document CN202411058752.3 discloses a preparation method for a cement-based energy storage device, a power supply system, and an energy storage building. It mainly explores the effects of changes in electrolyte solution ions and concentrations, current collector materials, and electrode spacing on energy storage performance, but does not provide a specific application solution. Patent document CN119560644B discloses a high-conductivity rechargeable cement-based battery and its preparation method. It uses a particle dispersion method to prepare positive and negative electrodes; iron particles dispersed in a cement matrix serve as the negative electrode, and manganese dioxide particles dispersed in a cement matrix serve as the positive electrode. It does not address the problem of low energy density and does not provide a specific application solution.

[0006] The structural, thermal insulation, and energy storage integrated building board provided by this invention is currently unreported. By designing the structure of this most commonly used building component, the board combines structural support with thermal insulation, power generation, and decorative functions. Furthermore, the board's internal volume is utilized for energy storage, enabling the storage and regulation of new energy without increasing space requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation, and a preparation method thereof. In response to the development needs of smart cities for multifunctional, green and assembled buildings, combined with the functional characteristics of the building board, the building board structure is integrated into a structural design. Through multi-level functional arrangement, while meeting the basic mechanical properties of the structure, it is given the function of integrating structure, energy storage and thermal insulation, thereby optimizing the building structure and construction technology and improving the level of building assembly and intelligence.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and heat preservation, including a structural frame G, an interface functional layer D, an internal filling layer M, and an upper surface layer S. The structural frame G is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building board and has a high load-bearing function; the structural frame G is composed of a bottom plate and a vertical partition plate, and the vertical partition plate divides the structural frame G into grids, each grid is an energy storage unit, and T-shaped metal embedded parts and The L-shaped metal embedded parts transmit energy between the internal energy storage unit and the outside world through the T-shaped metal embedded parts and the L-shaped metal embedded parts. The interface functional layer D is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G and has a high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical stability, providing energy storage function. The internal filling layer M is located above the interface functional layer D and is lightweight and porous. It has good thermal insulation capabilities and also has an energy storage function. The upper surface layer S is applied to the internal filling layer M and serves as an encapsulation and protective layer for the multifunctional building board. Each layer of the board is produced and prepared in steps using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components, forming a multifunctional building board that integrates structure, energy storage and thermal insulation. Its key performance indicators are: bulk density ≤ 2000kg / m 3 , compressive strength ≥15MPa, thermal conductivity ≤0.12W / m·K; under the environmental conditions of temperature -20~45℃ and relative humidity 0~90%, the volume and function of the multifunctional building board are stable, no cracking, volume change rate ≤0.5%, and storage energy density ≥15kW·h / m 2 ; The bottom plate thickness of the structural frame G is 20~30mm; the vertical partition plate thickness is 8~10mm; the spacing is 200~400mm; the interface functional layer D thickness is 2~3mm; the internal filling layer M thickness is 80~100mm; the upper surface layer S thickness is 20±2mm; the size of the plate is designed in combination with specific requirements such as the building form and installation location. During the production process, it can also be combined with application scenarios, prefabricated construction and installation requirements to embed bolts and connectors in suitable positions of the plate, which are used as connections for external energy storage functional devices and installation carriers for external decorative layers / photovoltaic panels.

[0009] The structural frame G comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of cementitious material, 10-15 parts of composite admixture, 40-50 parts of aggregate, 2-3 parts of toughening fiber, and 2-5 parts of chemical admixture; the mixing water dosage is 10-13 parts; the cementitious material is 52.5 grade silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement; the composite admixture is silica fume, Grade I fly ash with good sphericity, and high-strength vitrified microspheres, and the mass ratio of the three is 1: (0.3-0.6): 1, wherein the silica fume is densified silica fume with SiO2 content ≥ 95% and a bulk density ≥ 0.85 kg / m 3 High-strength vitrified microspheres have a cylindrical compressive strength of ≥80MPa. The aggregate is quartz sand that has been screened and matched by particle grading, with a fineness modulus of 2.8. The toughening fiber is carbon fiber. The chemical admixture is a compound of a polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, a viscosity-reducing agent, and an air-entraining agent. The viscosity-reducing agent is an alcohol with a molecular weight of less than 80, and the air-entraining agent is an alkyl sulfonate. After compounding, the chemical admixture has a solid content of ≥45% and a water reduction rate of ≥40%. The components and dosage are determined through testing based on the working performance of the mixture slurry to ensure an initial fluidity of ≥210mm and a 1-hour fluidity of ≥200mm.

[0010] Furthermore, in order to satisfy the energy storage function, the interface functional layer D acts as the electrode material of the capacitor, and its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: structural thickness 2~3mm; bonding strength ≥1MPa; area specific capacitance 500~800F / m 2 .

[0011] The interface functional layer D comprises a carbon fiber mesh and a composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry are calculated by weight as follows: 40-50 parts of cementitious material; 35-40 parts of porous ceramsite; 100-120 parts of mixing water; 2-3 parts of graphene nanosheets; and 100-150 parts of dispersion liquid. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement; the porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size of ≤2 mm and a bulk density of ≤0.85 g / cm 3 The graphene nanosheet particles should have a particle size D50 of ≤3 μm, a thickness of 5-50 nm, and a specific surface area of ​​≥600 m 2 / g, thermal conductivity ≥3500w / m·K, electrical conductivity ≥100S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content of ≥35%; the carbon fiber mesh cloth should have a thickness of ≤200μm and a mesh size of 0.3~0.8mm.

[0012] The internal filling layer M has the requirements of light weight, heat preservation and energy storage. It acts as an internal filler and thermal insulation layer in terms of heat preservation function, and acts as an electrolyte component of the supercapacitor in terms of energy storage function. Its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: volume density 300~350kg / m 3; Thermal conductivity 0.07~0.08W / m·K; Ionic conductivity ≥0.03mS / cm; Resistivity ≤50Ω·cm.

[0013] The raw materials used for the inner filling layer M are, by weight, 80 parts red mud, 15 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sodium silicate, 2-3 parts aluminum powder, 3-5 parts foaming stabilizer, 1-2 parts potassium hydroxide, 1-2 parts potassium chloride, 2-5 parts iron oxide powder, and 55-60 parts mixing water. The red mud is virgin red mud discharged from the Bayer process electrolytic aluminum industry; the metakaolin is kaolin powder calcined at 750-850°C; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is 100-150 mesh size foaming aluminum powder with an active aluminum content of ≥98%; the foaming stabilizer is a mixture of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 1:(0.4-0.45):(0.2-0.3). The solids content of the foaming stabilizer after compounding is ≥40%.

[0014] The upper surface layer S has good bonding performance, and its upper part is the external decorative layer / functional layer serving as the installation interface; its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: compressive strength ≥30MPa; flexural strength ≥8MPa; water permeability ≥5MPa; bonding strength ≥1MPa; tensile failure limit strain ≥8%; in order to achieve the above technical goals, the raw material components selected are calculated by weight: 50 parts of ordinary Portland cement, 15-20 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 30-40 parts of quartz sand, 15-20 parts of polymer emulsion, 5-10 parts of silica fume, defoaming agent The invention discloses a novel polymer emulsion comprising 0.1-0.2 parts of a dispersant, 1-1.5 parts of a thickener, 0.05-0.1 parts of a hydrophobic agent, and 50-60 parts of mixing water; the polymer emulsion is a water-soluble carboxyl styrene-butadiene rubber latex; the calcium carbonate powder is a 400-600 mesh heavy calcium powder; the quartz sand is a continuously graded quartz sand with a fineness of 10-60 mesh; the defoaming agent is a polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoaming agent; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is a methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10-20W; and the hydrophobic agent is a stearic acid hydrophobic agent.

[0015] A method for preparing a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation. The production and assembly process of the building board includes the following steps: (1) forming a structural frame G; (2) installing T-shaped metal embedded parts and L-shaped metal embedded parts; (3) constructing an interface functional layer D; (4) pouring an internal filling layer M; and (5) pouring an upper surface layer S.

[0016] The exterior of the upper surface layer S of the building board of the present invention is provided with external structural layers such as a surface functional layer and an energy storage control device according to the use requirements of the building. Typical scenarios are decorative panels / glass, photovoltaic panels, etc. on the exterior surface of the building. The surface functional layer needs to be selected with corresponding materials in combination with the design requirements of the building's facade function, color, and material. According to the actual situation of the project, it can be combined and installed in the factory using pre-embedded T-shaped metal embedded parts and L-shaped metal embedded parts, or it can be installed on the construction site. The energy storage control device is a control and regulation unit for the power storage of the board, and the corresponding circuit design and installation need to be carried out according to the overall design of the building and the application scenario. The present invention only relates to the testing of materials, process and performance of building boards, and is not targeted at the application design of the surface functional layer of a specific building form.

[0017] The molding process of the structural frame G includes: (1) weighing the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates, composite admixtures and other powder materials according to the designed raw material ratio, adding an appropriate amount of moistening water, and placing them in a stirring device for stirring; (2) dissolving the water-reducing additive component in the remaining mixing water, adding the stirring device and continuing to stir; (3) evenly screening the weighed toughening fibers into the mixing bin, and after all the toughening fibers are screened in and evenly dispersed, closing the sealing door of the mixing bin and continuing to stir for 5 minutes; (4) after the stirring is completed, pouring into the assembled mold, and then coating and sealing the upper surface, curing at 60±5℃ for 24 hours, and removing the mold after the curing is completed. The amount of each raw material used in the structural frame G needs to be adjusted and determined according to the quality of the raw materials and test data; the key performance indicators of the material preparation process should meet the following requirements: fresh slurry fluidity ≥200mm; 1d compressive strength ≥60MPa; 28d compressive strength ≥90MPa, flexural strength ≥26Mpa, and tensile strength ≥8Mpa.

[0018] The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: adding graphene nanosheets to 50 times the weight of the dispersion, ultrasonically dispersing for 2 hours, and obtaining the graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) conductive aggregate treatment: using porous ceramsite as a carrier, immersing the ceramsite in the graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then transferring the dispersion to a stainless steel reactor, and performing hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 12 hours; after the treatment, the ceramsite is filtered and dried in a 60°C forced air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain a conductive aggregate; (3) composite slurry preparation: adding half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to moisten it, putting it into a blender, stirring at a speed of 100 r / min, and slowly adding the cementitious material during the stirring process; after the addition of the cementitious material is completed, stirring is continued for 3 minutes; adding the remaining half of the mixing water, stirring at 300 r / min on the blender. Stir at a speed of n for 3 minutes to obtain a composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and pasting of carbon fiber mesh cloth: arrange the cut carbon fiber mesh in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4, and heat treat it at 60℃ for 2 hours; after treatment, rinse it repeatedly with deionized water until it is neutral; apply the prepared composite slurry on the inner surface of the formed structural frame G, and control the coating thickness to be 2~3mm, and then stick the corrosion-treated carbon fiber mesh cloth cut according to the size of the inner surface of the structural frame G; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: place the structural frame G with the carbon fiber mesh cloth pasted in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for curing for 48 hours. During the curing process, continuously spray the graphene nanosheet dispersion on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh cloth for 8~10 times, and the time interval between two sprayings should be greater than 3 hours.

[0019] The pouring process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) drying: drying the original red mud at a temperature of 80°C for a time of 0.5-1h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to be less than 2%; (2) grinding: grinding and dispersing the dried red mud with a ball mill for a time of 5-10min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to be 45μm with a sieve residue of ≤3%; (3) mixing ingredients: weighing red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder in proportion, adding 70% mixing water, mixing and stirring them, and mixing them on a mixer at a speed of 300rpm / min for 5min to form a slurry mixture; then mixing sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, and iron oxide powder with 30% mixing water and adding the slurry, and continuing to stir at a speed of 150-200rpm / min for 3min to form a foaming slurry; (4) pouring and foaming: pouring the stirred slurry into the space G of the formed structural frame grid, with a pouring slurry mass of 30-35kg / m 2After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off excess material along the upper surface.

[0020] The pouring process of the upper surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) dispersion of liquid material: add thickener to mixing water, place it in a mixer, stir at a speed of 500r / min for 5-8min, then add dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent, polymer emulsion, and stir at 150r / min for 3min; (2) powder mixing: add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder, and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3min, and rotate at 200r / min; (3) slurry mixing: keep the powder stirring at a speed of 100r / min, and slowly add the dispersed liquid material; after the addition is completed, increase the speed to 300r / min and continue stirring for 3min; (4) pouring and curing: pour the mixed slurry onto the upper part of the filling layer M inside the board where the mold has been installed, and the pouring thickness is controlled to 20±2mm; after pouring, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for curing for 24h.

[0021] Basic principles of the present invention: The present invention integrates structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation into a multifunctional building board. Its structural load-bearing function is primarily achieved through a structural frame G, which serves as the board's primary structural load-bearing function. It possesses high mechanical properties, high durability, a certain degree of electrochemical stability, and electrical conductivity, providing the board with a high load-bearing capacity while also balancing its other functions. Within the board's structural frame G, energy transfer between the external and internal energy storage units is achieved by pre-embedding T-shaped and L-shaped metal pre-embedded components within the vertical partitions. These pre-embedded components also enhance the connection reliability between the structural frame G and the upper boundary layer S, serving as mounting supports for the structural functional layer and providing pre-embedded bolting for structural load-bearing. The interface functional layer D is a functional component attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G, located between the internal sash and the internal filling layer M. It possesses a high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and electrochemical stability, meeting the board's energy storage requirements. The internal filler layer M is a lightweight, porous component that fills the board's interior. This reduces the overall weight of the board, while also providing excellent thermal insulation. Its porous structure stores ions and provides pathways for ion transport, meeting the board's energy storage needs. The insulation function is primarily achieved through the low thermal conductivity of the internal filler layer M, while the energy storage function is achieved through the supercapacitor formed by the combination of the interface functional layer D and the internal filler layer M. The upper surface layer S acts as an encapsulation and protective layer for the board, ensuring that it meets the functional requirements of a building structure.

[0022] The structural frame G primarily bears the structural loads of the panel while also ensuring the proper functioning of its other functions. Therefore, it requires high mechanical properties and dimensional stability. To meet these functional requirements, the structural frame G utilizes a carbon fiber-reinforced composite cementitious material with a low water-binder ratio. Low-water-binder cementitious materials, such as ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), offer excellent mechanical and durability properties, achieving compressive strengths of 130-200 MPa and flexural tensile strengths exceeding 10 MPa, representing a 3-5 times improvement over traditional concrete. This superior mechanical performance allows for a gridded hollow construction design, reducing the material consumption and volume of the structural frame G while ensuring superior load-bearing capacity and stability for the wall panels. This provides space for the panel's other functional components, which work together to achieve structural-functional integration.

[0023] During the preparation of Structural Frame G, a low water-binder ratio component design is employed to achieve a dense packing of cementitious materials and aggregates, resulting in an optimal raw material gradation. This minimizes internal through-pores and provides excellent durability, including resistance to external erosion and penetration. This not only protects the panels from harmful environmental media during use, but also prevents corrosion and escape of ions / media from other functional layers within, ensuring the thermal insulation and energy storage functions. To enhance the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of the low-water-binder ratio cementitious composite material used in Structural Frame G, carbon fiber is used as a reinforcing component. Compared to the steel fibers commonly used in UHPC, carbon fiber offers high tensile strength, lightweight, and a reasonable degree of electrical conductivity and storage capacity. This effectively reduces the weight of multifunctional building panels, meeting the requirements of prefabricated construction. It also provides improved compatibility and bonding reliability with the interface functional layer D, sharing the electrode function of the structural capacitor with the interface functional layer D.

[0024] The electrodes of supercapacitors store charge in the form of electrostatic adsorption. Carbon materials such as graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, and graphene have long-term cyclic stability and are commonly used in the preparation of electrode materials. The present invention uses multilayer graphene oxide nanosheets as the electrode active material. Graphene is a nanomaterial with excellent performance. Its particles are small and its specific surface area is large, which leads to small size effect, surface effect, quantum effect, and interface effect. The electron mobility of graphene exceeds 15,000 cm 2 / (V•S), while the resistivity is only about 10 -6Ω·cm, with low resistivity; Graphene also possesses excellent thermal conductivity, reaching up to 5300 W / m·K, making it an ideal electrode active material. This invention utilizes graphene nanosheets with a thickness of 5nm to 50nm, whose performance more closely resembles that of single-layer graphene oxide. To overcome graphene nanosheet agglomeration and improve their electrical properties, the invention utilizes a polycarboxylic acid solution for dispersion. Through the adsorption of carboxylic acid molecules and steric hindrance, the hydrophobic graphene nanosheets are rendered hydrophilic. This improves the compatibility and dispersibility of the graphene nanosheets with cement-based materials, making them suitable as electrode active materials in cement-based composites.

[0025] To increase the effective density of the electrode material in the interface functional layer D, the present invention adds graphene nanosheets to the transition interface slurry through a secondary support method. First, porous ceramsite is used as the primary support for the graphene nanosheets. Porous ceramsite is a lightweight, high-strength, porous functional material widely used in construction, environmental protection, agriculture and other fields. Its low density and porous structure have good adsorption properties and are also commonly used as aggregate for lightweight insulating concrete. The present invention uses a vacuum hydrothermal method to prepare conductive aggregate, and the graphene nanosheets are supported in the porous interior of the aggregate. During the hardening process of the adhesive slurry prepared from the conductive aggregate, the secondary support of the graphene nanosheets in the transition interface slurry is achieved by spraying under moist heat curing conditions. Cement-based slurry is prepared using cement as the gelling material and expanded clay carrying graphene nanosheets as the aggregate, with a high water-cement ratio (>1). As water is lost during the hydration and hardening process, a large number of pore defects will continue to form in the space occupied by water. Continuously spraying the graphene nanosheet dispersion multiple times during this process can effectively increase the graphene nanosheet content at the electrode transition interface and improve the electrical properties of the electrode material.

[0026] The present invention utilizes a corroded carbon fiber mesh as a current collector for loading active materials. Carbon fiber is an excellent electrode current collector material, boasting excellent mechanical properties, chemical / electrochemical stability, and good electrical conductivity. However, due to its low specific surface area and surface activity, the electrochemical storage capacity of carbon fiber electrodes is very low. The carbon fiber mesh requires a pre-corrosion treatment to reduce surface defects and improve its loading capacity for conductive media.

[0027] Red mud is a byproduct of the alumina production process. my country's electrolytic aluminum industry is massive, with annual emissions exceeding 100 million tons. This massive stockpile not only occupies land but also severely impacts the environment and the sustainable development of the industry. Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste, primarily composed of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, and K. Its pH generally ranges from 10 to 13, with an Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃ content exceeding 50%. Its primary mineral composition includes hematite, cancrinite, calcite, boehmite, and gibbsite. Red mud has a relatively loose microstructure, primarily composed of irregularly shaped aggregates of red mud particles. Raw red mud aggregates possess a rich pore structure with pore diameters ranging from approximately 0.2 to 0.5 μm. These particles possess a large surface area, high water absorption, and strong water retention, providing storage and transport pathways for Fe and Al ions, making them an ideal matrix material for solid electrolytes. Combining chemical foaming technology can further improve its porosity and pore structure, so that the internal material can maintain a porous and stable physical structure. Metakaolin is the product of kaolin activated at high temperature. It is a highly active aluminum silicate raw material. Under alkaline conditions, it can form a silicon aluminum salt cementing material with an amorphous to semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure through polymerization. The present invention uses sodium silicate as an active stimulant and metakaolin as a polymerization agent to achieve a certain mechanical strength of the internal filling material. Aluminum powder is used as a foaming agent to achieve foaming of the internal filling material. When aluminum powder reacts with water and alkaline substances, it releases hydrogen and can form pores inside the material. It is a good chemical foaming agent. At the same time, the addition of aluminum powder increases the concentration of iron and aluminum ions in the internal filling component, thereby improving the conductivity of the internal filling material. A homemade foaming stabilizer is used to improve the stability of the foamed structure. The foaming stabilizer is compounded by polycarboxylic acid mother liquor with polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and polyethylene glycol type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether. As a macromolecular surfactant, polycarboxylic acid molecules are adsorbed on the surface of powder materials through carboxyl groups, improving the dispersion ability of particles in the slurry state. Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble high molecular polymer that can increase the viscosity of foam and reduce foam fluidity, thus having a certain foam stabilizing effect. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is an anionic surfactant that has both foaming and foam stabilizing effects. Polyethylene glycol type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether makes the compounded material more stable and provides a certain air entraining effect, increasing the content of small bubbles in the material. In order to ensure that the material has sufficient ions and pH value, potassium hydroxide and potassium chloride are added to increase K + Content, control the slurry pH value ≥13 by potassium hydroxide content; add iron oxide powder to increase Fe 3+ content, improving electrical properties.

[0028] Foamed concrete is a widely used lightweight thermal insulation building material, and commonly used materials include cement, fly ash, mineral powder, lime and other materials. The composition of red mud is complex and the physical state is highly random, so there is less mature experience in foaming technology. The present invention combines the physical and chemical properties of red mud, and through experimental means, determines the foaming preparation technology with red mud as the main raw material, and explores the relationship between foaming ratio, material strength and components and preparation process. Original red mud mostly exists in the form of irregular agglomerates, and its dispersion degree can be improved by mechanical grinding and adding surfactants. In the batching process, the separate materials such as red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder are first stirred and dispersed at high speed, and then other components and remaining mixing water are added, and stirring is continued at a lower speed to prevent the bubbles that have been generated from being broken up, and then pouring and curing are carried out.

[0029] The upper boundary layer S needs to exhibit excellent durability and sealing properties, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional cement-based materials, such as poor deformation resistance and insufficient adhesion. Polymer emulsions are commonly used as waterproofing components in cement-based materials. They polymerize to form films, enhancing the toughness and permeation resistance of cement-based materials. The present invention utilizes carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex, which has a high glass transition temperature and excellent hydrophilicity. This latex not only provides excellent deformation resistance and permeation resistance for the upper surface layer, but also provides a certain degree of rigidity to meet the requirements of board use. To ensure the excellent mechanical properties and permeation resistance of the upper boundary layer, three functional fillers with different particle size distributions—silica fume (nm-level), calcium powder (μm-level), and quartz sand (mm-level)—are selected to enhance the material's density and mechanical strength. In the preparation of organic-inorganic composite materials, effective dispersion of the two is a key factor in achieving the desired performance. In order to achieve effective dispersion and polymerization of the emulsion and cement-based powder, the present invention uses a defoaming agent to reduce bubbles introduced by slurry mixing, a dispersant to improve the dispersion between powder particles, a thickener to prevent the compatibility between powder and liquid, and to prevent water exudation and stratification, and a hydrophobic agent to reduce the agglomeration between powder particles, while improving the water-resistant performance of the material after molding. The key technical goals of the upper surface layer S are jointly achieved through the above technical means.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention forms a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage and thermal insulation through the four-part structural design of the structural frame G, the interface functional layer D, the internal filling layer M and the upper surface layer S and the material component design of different layers. It not only has the structural bearing and thermal insulation functions of the building wall, meeting the needs of prefabricated construction, but also forms a building-structure supercapacitor with energy storage function. The interface functional layer D on the inner surface of the structural frame G acts as an electrode, and the internal filling layer M acts as an electrolyte. It can realize the storage of new energy electricity such as light energy and wind energy generated by the building, and meet the daily electricity consumption of the building through the release of electricity, which contributes to the realization of "zero-carbon building". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multifunctional building board of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation layout of the functional components of the multifunctional building board of the present invention.

[0032] Markings in the figure: 1. Structural frame G; 2. Interface functional layer D; 3. Internal filling layer M; 4. Upper surface layer S; 5. T-shaped metal embedded parts; 6. L-shaped metal embedded parts; 7. Decorative layer / photovoltaic panel; 8. Energy storage control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation comprises a structural frame G1, an interface functional layer D2, an internal filling layer M3 and an upper surface layer S4. The structural frame G1 is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building board and has a high load-bearing capacity. The structural frame G1 is composed of a bottom plate and vertical partitions. The vertical partitions divide the structural frame G1 into grids, each of which is an energy storage unit. T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6 are embedded in the vertical partitions of the structural frame G1. Energy is transmitted between the internal energy storage unit and the outside world through the T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and the L-shaped metal embedded parts 6; the interface functional layer D2 is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G1, has a high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical stability, and provides energy storage function; the internal filling layer M3 is located above the interface functional layer D2, has the characteristics of lightness and porosity, has good thermal insulation capabilities, and has energy storage function; the upper surface layer S4 is applied on the internal filling layer M3 as a packaging and protective layer of the multifunctional building board.

[0036] A method for preparing a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation, comprising the following steps: (1) forming a structural frame G1; (2) installing a T-shaped metal embedded part 5 and an L-shaped metal embedded part 6; (3) constructing an interface functional layer D2; (4) pouring an internal filling layer M3; and (5) pouring an upper boundary layer S4.

[0037] The bottom plate thickness of the structural frame G1 is 20 mm; the vertical partition plate thickness is 8 mm; the spacing is 200 mm; the interface functional layer D2 thickness is 2.23 mm; the internal filling layer M3 thickness is 80 mm; the upper surface layer S4 thickness is 18 mm; the size of the plate is designed in combination with specific requirements such as the building form and installation location. During the production process, the application scenario, prefabricated construction and installation requirements can be combined to pre-embed T / L-shaped metal connectors in the appropriate position of the plate, which are used as connections for external energy storage functional devices and installation carriers for external decorative layers / photovoltaic panels.

[0038] The structural frame G includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35 parts of cementitious material, 12 parts of composite admixture, 45 parts of aggregate, 2 parts of toughening fiber, and 2.5 parts of chemical admixture; 10 parts of mixing water; the cementitious material is 52.5 grade silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement; the composite admixture is silica fume, Class I fly ash with good sphericity and high-strength vitrified microspheres, and the amount of the three is based on the particle size distribution of the raw materials, and the mass ratio of the three is 1:0.3:1; the aggregate is quartz sand that has been screened and matched by particle grading, with a fineness modulus of 2.8; the toughening fiber is carbon fiber; the chemical admixture is compounded by polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, alcohols with a molecular weight of less than 80, and alkyl sulfonates. After compounding, the solid content of the chemical admixture is ≥45%, and the water reduction rate is ≥40%.

[0039] The forming process of the structural frame G includes: (1) weighing the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates, composite admixtures and other powder materials according to the designed raw material ratio, adding appropriate amount of moistening water, and placing them in a stirring device for stirring; (2) dissolving the water-reducing additional components in the remaining mixing water, adding them into the stirring device and continuing to stir; (3) evenly screening the weighed toughening fibers into the mixing bin, and after all the toughening fibers are screened in and evenly dispersed, closing the sealing door of the mixing bin and continuing to stir for 5 minutes; (4) after the stirring is completed, pouring into the assembled mold, and then coating and sealing the upper surface, and curing at 60±5℃ for 24 hours. After the curing is completed, the mold is removed; at the same time, after the slurry is poured, the T-shaped metal embedded parts and the L-shaped metal embedded parts need to be installed before the slurry hardens.

[0040] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the structural frame G slurry in this embodiment are: fresh slurry fluidity 215mm; 1d compressive strength 63MPa; 28d compressive strength 107MPa, flexural strength 29Mpa, and tensile strength 8.6Mpa.

[0041] The raw materials used for the interface functional layer D include carbon fiber mesh and composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry are calculated by weight as follows: 40 parts of cementitious material; 35 parts of porous ceramsite; 100 parts of mixing water; 2 parts of graphene nanosheets; and 100 parts of dispersion liquid. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement; the porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size of ≤2 mm and a bulk density of 0.82 g / cm 3 The physical properties of the graphene nanosheets are as follows: particle size D502.77 μm, specific surface area 650 m 2 / g, thermal conductivity 4100w / m·K, electrical conductivity 185S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content of 38.5%; the carbon fiber mesh cloth has a thickness of 183μm and a mesh size of 0.6mm.

[0042] The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: adding graphene nanosheets to 50 times the weight of the dispersion, ultrasonically dispersing for 2 hours, and obtaining the graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) treatment of conductive aggregate: using porous ceramsite as a carrier, immersing the ceramsite in the graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then transferring the dispersion to a stainless steel reactor, and performing hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 12 hours; after the treatment, the ceramsite is filtered and dried in a 60°C forced air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain a conductive aggregate; (3) preparation of composite slurry: adding half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to moisten it, putting it into a mixer, stirring at a speed of 100 r / min, and slowly adding the cementitious material during the stirring process; after the addition of the cementitious material is completed, stirring is continued for 3 minutes; adding the remaining half of the mixing water, and stirring at 300 r / min on the mixer. Stir at a speed of 3 minutes to obtain a composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and pasting of carbon fiber mesh cloth: arrange the cut carbon fiber mesh in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4, and heat treat it at 60℃ for 2 hours; after treatment, rinse it repeatedly with deionized water until it is neutral; apply the prepared composite slurry on the inner surface of the formed structural frame G, and control the coating thickness to 2~3mm, and then stick the carbon fiber mesh cloth that has been corroded and cut according to the size of the inner surface of the structural frame G; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: place the structural frame G with the carbon fiber mesh cloth pasted in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for curing for 48 hours. During the curing process, continuously spray the graphene nanosheet dispersion on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh cloth for 8~10 times, and the time interval between two sprayings should be 3.5 hours.

[0043] The interface functional layer D acts as the electrode material of the capacitor. Its key performance indicators are as follows: structural thickness 2.23mm; bonding strength 2.3MPa; area specific capacitance 616F / m 2 .

[0044] The raw materials used for the inner filling layer M are, by weight, 80 parts red mud, 15 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sodium silicate, 2 parts aluminum powder, 3 parts foaming stabilizer; 1 part potassium hydroxide, 1 part potassium chloride, 2 parts iron oxide powder, and 55 parts mixing water. The red mud is undisturbed red mud discharged from the Bayer process electrolytic aluminum industry; the metakaolin is kaolin powder calcined at 750-850°C; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is a foaming aluminum powder with a mesh size of 100-150 and an active aluminum content of ≥98%. The foaming stabilizer is a compound of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.3. The solids content of the compounded foaming stabilizer is ≥40%.

[0045] The pouring process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) drying: drying the original red mud at a temperature of 80°C for a time of 0.5-1h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to be less than 2%; (2) grinding: grinding and dispersing the dried red mud with a ball mill for a time of 5-10min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to be 45μm with a sieve residue of ≤3%; (3) mixing ingredients: weighing red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder in proportion, adding 70% mixing water, mixing and stirring them, and mixing them on a mixer at a speed of 300rpm / min for 5min to form a slurry mixture; then mixing sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, and iron oxide powder with 30% mixing water and adding the slurry, and continuing to stir at a speed of 150-200rpm / min for 3min to form a foaming slurry; (4) pouring and foaming: pouring the stirred slurry into the space G of the formed structural frame grid, with a pouring slurry mass of 30-35kg / m 2 After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off excess material along the upper surface.

[0046] The measured value of the key performance index of the internal filling layer M is: volume density 337kg / m 3 The thermal conductivity is 0.0723 W / m·K, the ionic conductivity is 0.034 mS / cm, and the resistivity is 32.3 Ω·cm. It meets the requirements of lightweight, heat preservation, and energy storage, serving as an internal filler and thermal insulation layer for heat preservation and as the electrolyte component of supercapacitors for energy storage.

[0047] The raw material components selected for the upper surface layer S are, by weight, 50 parts of ordinary Portland cement, 15 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 30 parts of quartz sand, 15 parts of polymer emulsion, 5 parts of silica fume, 0.1 parts of defoaming agent, 1 part of dispersant, 0.05 parts of thickener, 0.3 parts of hydrophobic agent, and 50 parts of mixing water; the polymer emulsion is water-soluble carboxyl styrene-butadiene latex; the calcium carbonate powder is 400-600 mesh heavy calcium powder; the quartz sand is continuously graded quartz sand with a fineness of 10-60 mesh; the defoaming agent is a polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoaming agent; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid-based high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is a methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10-20W; and the hydrophobic agent is a stearic acid-based hydrophobic agent.

[0048] The pouring process of the upper surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) dispersion of liquid material: add thickener to mixing water, place it in a mixer, stir at a speed of 500r / min for 5-8min, then add dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent, polymer emulsion, and stir at 150r / min for 3min; (2) powder mixing: add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder, and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3min, and rotate at 200r / min; (3) slurry mixing: keep the powder stirring at a speed of 100r / min, and slowly add the dispersed liquid material; after the addition is completed, increase the speed to 300r / min and continue stirring for 3min; (4) pouring and curing: pour the mixed slurry onto the upper part of the filling layer M inside the board where the mold has been installed, and the pouring thickness is controlled to 20±2mm; after pouring, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for curing for 24h.

[0049] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the upper surface layer S are: compressive strength 34.3 MPa; flexural strength 8.9 MPa; water seepage resistance pressure 6.3 MPa; bonding strength 1.9 MPa; and tensile failure limit strain 11.5%.

[0050] In this embodiment, the various layers of the board are produced and prepared using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components according to the above steps, forming a multifunctional building board integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. The key performance indicators are measured as follows: bulk density 1890kg / m 3 , compressive strength 18.7MPa, thermal conductivity 0.115W / m·K; under the environmental conditions of temperature -20~45℃ and relative humidity 0~90%, the volume and function of the multifunctional building board are stable, no cracking, the volume change rate is no more than 0.4%, and the stored energy density is 16.7W·h / m 2 .

[0051] Example 2

[0052] like Figure 1-2As shown, a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation comprises a structural frame G1, an interface functional layer D2, an internal filling layer M3 and an upper surface layer S4. The structural frame G1 is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building board and has a high load-bearing capacity. The structural frame G1 is composed of a bottom plate and vertical partitions. The vertical partitions divide the structural frame G1 into grids, each of which is an energy storage unit. T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6 are embedded in the vertical partitions of the structural frame G1. Energy is transmitted between the internal energy storage unit and the outside world through the T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and the L-shaped metal embedded parts 6; the interface functional layer D2 is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G1, has a high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical stability, and provides energy storage function; the internal filling layer M3 is located above the interface functional layer D2, has the characteristics of lightness and porosity, has good thermal insulation capabilities, and has energy storage function; the upper surface layer S4 is applied on the internal filling layer M3 as a packaging and protective layer of the multifunctional building board.

[0053] A method for preparing a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation, wherein the production and assembly process of the building board comprises the following steps: (1) forming a structural frame G1; (2) installing a T-shaped metal embedded part 5 and an L-shaped metal embedded part 6; (3) constructing an interface functional layer D2; (4) pouring an internal filling layer M3; and (5) pouring an upper boundary layer S4.

[0054] The bottom plate thickness of the structural frame G1 is 25 mm; the vertical partition plate thickness is 9 mm; the spacing is 300 mm; the thickness of the interface functional layer D2 is 2.65 mm; the thickness of the internal filling layer M3 is 90 mm; the thickness of the upper surface layer S4 is 20 mm; the size of the plate is designed in combination with specific requirements such as the building form and installation location. During the production process, it can also be combined with application scenarios, prefabricated construction and installation requirements to embed bolts and connectors in suitable positions on the plate, which are used as connections for external energy storage functional devices and installation carriers for external decorative layers / photovoltaic panels.

[0055] The structural frame G includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 37 parts of cementitious material, 15 parts of composite admixture, 50 parts of aggregate, 2.5 parts of toughening fiber, and 5 parts of chemical admixture; 11 parts of mixing water; the cementitious material is 52.5 grade silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement; the composite admixture is silica fume, Class I fly ash with good sphericity, and high-strength vitrified microspheres, and the three are used in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1 based on the particle size distribution of the raw materials; the aggregate is quartz sand that has been screened and matched by particle grading, with a fineness modulus of 2.8; the toughening fiber is carbon fiber; the chemical admixture is compounded by polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, alcohols with a molecular weight of less than 80, and alkyl sulfonates. After compounding, the solid content of the chemical admixture is ≥45%, and the water reduction rate is ≥40%.

[0056] The forming process of the structural frame G includes: (1) weighing the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates, composite admixtures and other powder materials according to the designed raw material ratio, adding appropriate amount of moistening water, and placing them in a stirring device for stirring; (2) dissolving the water-reducing additional components in the remaining mixing water, adding them into the stirring device and continuing to stir; (3) evenly screening the weighed toughening fibers into the mixing bin, and after all the toughening fibers are screened in and evenly dispersed, closing the sealing door of the mixing bin and continuing to stir for 5 minutes; (4) after the stirring is completed, pouring into the assembled mold, and then coating and sealing the upper surface, and curing at 60±5℃ for 24 hours. After the curing is completed, the mold is removed; at the same time, after the slurry is poured, the T-shaped metal embedded parts and the L-shaped metal embedded parts need to be installed before the slurry hardens.

[0057] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the structural frame G slurry in this embodiment are: fresh slurry fluidity 220mm; 1d compressive strength 67MPa; 28d compressive strength 113MPa, flexural strength 31Mpa, and tensile strength 8.8Mpa.

[0058] The interface functional layer includes carbon fiber mesh and composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry are calculated by weight as follows: 45 parts of cementitious material; 37 parts of porous ceramsite; 110 parts of mixing water; 2.5 parts of graphene nanosheets; and 120 parts of dispersion liquid. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement; the porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size of ≤2 mm and a bulk density of 0.82 g / cm 3 The physical properties of the graphene nanosheets are as follows: particle size D502.77 μm, specific surface area 650 m 2 / g, thermal conductivity 4100w / m·K, electrical conductivity 185S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content of 38.5%; the carbon fiber mesh cloth has a thickness of 185μm and a mesh size of 0.8mm.

[0059] The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: adding graphene nanosheets to 50 times the weight of the dispersion, ultrasonically dispersing for 2 hours, and obtaining the graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) conductive aggregate treatment: using porous ceramsite as a carrier, immersing the ceramsite in the graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then transferring the dispersion to a stainless steel reactor, and performing hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 12 hours; after the treatment, the ceramsite is filtered and dried in a 60°C forced air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain a conductive aggregate; (3) composite slurry preparation: adding half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to moisten it, putting it into a blender, stirring at a speed of 100 r / min, and slowly adding the cementitious material during the stirring process; after the addition of the cementitious material is completed, stirring is continued for 3 minutes; adding the remaining half of the mixing water, stirring at 300 r / min on the blender. Stir at a speed of n for 3 minutes to obtain a composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and pasting of carbon fiber mesh cloth: The cut carbon fiber mesh is arranged in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4, and heat treated at 60℃ for 2 hours; after treatment, it is repeatedly rinsed with deionized water until it is neutral; the prepared composite slurry is brushed on the inner surface of the formed structural frame G, and the brushing thickness is controlled at 2~3mm, and then the carbon fiber mesh cloth cut according to the size of the inner surface of the structural frame G after corrosion treatment is pasted; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: The structural frame G with the carbon fiber mesh cloth pasted is placed in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for curing for 48 hours. During the curing process, the graphene nanosheet dispersion is continuously sprayed on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh cloth 8~10 times, with an interval of 3 hours between two sprayings.

[0060] The interface functional layer D acts as the electrode material of the capacitor. Its key performance indicators are as follows: structural thickness 2.65mm; bonding strength 2.3MPa; area specific capacitance 634F / m 2 .

[0061] The raw materials used for the inner filling layer M are, by weight, 80 parts red mud, 15 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sodium silicate, 2.5 parts aluminum powder, 4 parts foaming stabilizer; 1.5 parts potassium hydroxide, 1.5 parts potassium chloride, 3 parts iron oxide powder, and 58 parts mixing water. The red mud is undisturbed red mud discharged from the Bayer process electrolytic aluminum industry; the metakaolin is kaolin powder calcined at 750-850°C; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is foaming aluminum powder with a mesh size of 100-150 and an active aluminum content of ≥98%. The foaming stabilizer is a compound of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether, with a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.2. The solids content of the compounded foaming stabilizer is ≥40%.

[0062] The pouring process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) drying: drying the original red mud at a temperature of 80°C for a time of 0.5-1h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to be less than 2%; (2) grinding: grinding and dispersing the dried red mud with a ball mill for a time of 5-10min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to be 45μm with a sieve residue of ≤3%; (3) mixing ingredients: weighing red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder in proportion, adding 70% mixing water, mixing and stirring them, and mixing them on a mixer at a speed of 300rpm / min for 5min to form a slurry mixture; then mixing sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, and iron oxide powder with 30% mixing water and adding the slurry, and continuing to stir at a speed of 150-200rpm / min for 3min to form a foaming slurry; (4) pouring and foaming: pouring the stirred slurry into the space G of the formed structural frame grid, with a pouring slurry mass of 30-35kg / m 2 After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off excess material along the upper surface.

[0063] The measured value of the key performance index of the internal filling layer M is: volume density 323kg / m 3 The thermal conductivity is 0.0731 W / m·K, the ionic conductivity is 0.041 mS / cm, and the resistivity is 29.5 Ω·cm. It meets the requirements of lightweight, heat preservation, and energy storage, serving as an internal filler and thermal insulation layer for heat preservation and as the electrolyte component of supercapacitors for energy storage.

[0064] The raw material components selected for the upper surface layer S are, by weight, 50 parts of ordinary Portland cement, 18 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 35 parts of quartz sand, 18 parts of polymer emulsion, 8 parts of silica fume, 0.15 parts of defoaming agent, 1.2 parts of dispersant, 0.08 parts of thickener, 0.4 parts of hydrophobic agent, and 55 parts of mixing water; the polymer emulsion is water-soluble carboxyl styrene-butadiene latex; the calcium carbonate powder is 400-600 mesh heavy calcium powder; the quartz sand is continuously graded quartz sand with a fineness of 10-60 mesh; the defoaming agent is a polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoaming agent; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid-based high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is a methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10-20W; and the hydrophobic agent is a stearic acid-based hydrophobic agent.

[0065] The pouring process of the upper surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) dispersion of liquid material: add thickener to mixing water, place it in a mixer, stir at a speed of 500r / min for 5-8min, then add dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent, polymer emulsion, and stir at 150r / min for 3min; (2) powder mixing: add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder, and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3min, and rotate at 200r / min; (3) slurry mixing: keep the powder stirring at a speed of 100r / min, and slowly add the dispersed liquid material; after the addition is completed, increase the speed to 300r / min and continue stirring for 3min; (4) pouring and curing: pour the mixed slurry onto the upper part of the filling layer M inside the board where the mold has been installed, and the pouring thickness is controlled to 20±2mm; after pouring, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for curing for 24h.

[0066] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the upper surface layer S are: compressive strength 32.1 MPa; flexural strength 8.5 MPa; water seepage resistance pressure 7.1 MPa; bonding strength 2.4 MPa; and tensile failure limit strain 12.7%.

[0067] In this embodiment, the various layers of the board are produced and prepared using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components according to the above steps, forming a multifunctional building board integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. The key performance indicators are measured as follows: bulk density 1873kg / m 3 , compressive strength 19.3MPa, thermal conductivity 0.108W / m·K; under the environmental conditions of temperature -20~45℃ and relative humidity 0~90%, the volume and function of the multifunctional building board are stable, no cracking, the volume change rate is no more than 0.4%, and the stored energy density is 16.9W·h / m 2 .

[0068] Example 3

[0069] like Figure 1-2As shown, a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation comprises a structural frame G1, an interface functional layer D2, an internal filling layer M3 and an upper surface layer S4. The structural frame G1 is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building board and has a high load-bearing capacity. The structural frame G1 is composed of a bottom plate and vertical partitions. The vertical partitions divide the structural frame G1 into grids, each of which is an energy storage unit. T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6 are embedded in the vertical partitions of the structural frame G1. Energy is transmitted between the internal energy storage unit and the outside world through the T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and the L-shaped metal embedded parts 6; the interface functional layer D2 is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G1, has a high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical stability, and provides energy storage function; the internal filling layer M3 is located above the interface functional layer D2, has the characteristics of lightness and porosity, has good thermal insulation capabilities, and has energy storage function; the upper surface layer S4 is applied on the internal filling layer M3 as a packaging and protective layer of the multifunctional building board.

[0070] A method for preparing a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation, wherein the production and assembly process of the building board comprises the following steps: (1) forming a structural frame G1; (2) installing a T-shaped metal embedded part 5 and an L-shaped metal embedded part 6; (3) constructing an interface functional layer D2; (4) pouring an internal filling layer M3; and (5) pouring an upper boundary layer S4.

[0071] The bottom plate thickness of the structural frame G1 is 30 mm; the vertical partition plate thickness is 10 mm; the spacing is 400 mm; the thickness of the interface functional layer D2 is 2.88 mm; the thickness of the internal filling layer M3 is 100 mm; the thickness of the upper surface layer S4 is 22 mm; the size of the plate is designed in combination with specific requirements such as the building form and installation location. During the production process, it can also be combined with application scenarios, prefabricated construction and installation requirements to embed bolts and connectors in suitable positions on the plate, which are used as connections for external energy storage functional devices and installation carriers for external decorative layers / photovoltaic panels.

[0072] The structural frame G includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40 parts of cementitious material, 10 parts of composite admixture, 40 parts of aggregate, 3 parts of toughening fiber, and 4 parts of chemical admixture; 13 parts of mixing water; the cementitious material is 52.5 grade silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement; the composite admixture is silica fume, Class I fly ash with good sphericity and high-strength vitrified microspheres, and the amount of the three is calculated based on the particle size distribution of the raw materials and the close-packed distribution curve, and is compounded in a ratio of 1:0.6:1; the aggregate is quartz sand that has been screened and matched by particle grading, with a fineness modulus of 2.8; the toughening fiber is carbon fiber; the chemical admixture is compounded by polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, alcohols with a molecular weight of less than 80, and alkyl sulfonates. After compounding, the solid content of the chemical admixture is ≥45%, and the water reduction rate is ≥40%.

[0073] The forming process of the structural frame G includes: (1) weighing the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates, composite admixtures and other powder materials according to the designed raw material ratio, adding appropriate amount of moistening water, and placing them in a stirring device for stirring; (2) dissolving the water-reducing additional components in the remaining mixing water, adding them into the stirring device and continuing to stir; (3) evenly screening the weighed toughening fibers into the mixing bin, and after all the toughening fibers are screened in and evenly dispersed, closing the sealing door of the mixing bin and continuing to stir for 5 minutes; (4) after the stirring is completed, pouring into the assembled mold, and then coating and sealing the upper surface, and curing at 60±5℃ for 24 hours. After the curing is completed, the mold is removed; at the same time, after the slurry is poured, the T-shaped metal embedded parts and the L-shaped metal embedded parts need to be installed before the slurry hardens.

[0074] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the structural frame G slurry in this embodiment are: fresh slurry fluidity 210mm; 1d compressive strength 61MPa; 28d compressive strength 98MPa, flexural strength 28Mpa, and tensile strength 8.1Mpa.

[0075] The interface functional layer D comprises a carbon fiber mesh and a composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry are calculated by weight as follows: 50 parts of cementitious material; 40 parts of porous ceramsite; 120 parts of mixing water; 3 parts of graphene nanosheets; and 150 parts of dispersion liquid. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement; the porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size of ≤2 mm and a bulk density of 0.82 g / cm 3 The physical properties of the graphene nanosheets are as follows: particle size D502.77 μm, specific surface area 650 m 2 / g, thermal conductivity 4100w / m·K, electrical conductivity 185S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content of 38.5%; the carbon fiber mesh cloth has a thickness of 190μm and a mesh size of 0.3mm.

[0076] The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: adding graphene nanosheets to 50 times the weight of the dispersion, ultrasonically dispersing for 2 hours, and obtaining the graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) conductive aggregate treatment: using porous ceramsite as a carrier, immersing the ceramsite in the graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then transferring the dispersion to a stainless steel reactor, and performing hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 12 hours; after the treatment, the ceramsite is filtered and dried in a 60°C forced air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain a conductive aggregate; (3) composite slurry preparation: adding half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to moisten it, putting it into a blender, stirring at a speed of 100 r / min, and slowly adding the cementitious material during the stirring process; after the addition of the cementitious material is completed, stirring is continued for 3 minutes; adding the remaining half of the mixing water, stirring at 300 r / min on the blender. Stir at a speed of n for 3 minutes to obtain a composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and pasting of carbon fiber mesh cloth: arrange the cut carbon fiber mesh in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4, and heat treat it at 60℃ for 2 hours; after treatment, rinse it repeatedly with deionized water until it is neutral; apply the prepared composite slurry on the inner surface of the formed structural frame G, and control the coating thickness to be 2~3mm, and then stick the carbon fiber mesh cloth that has been corroded and cut according to the size of the inner surface of the structural frame G; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: place the structural frame G with the carbon fiber mesh cloth pasted in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for curing for 48 hours. During the curing process, continuously spray the graphene nanosheet dispersion on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh cloth for 8~10 times, and the time interval between two sprayings should be 4 hours.

[0077] The interface functional layer D acts as the electrode material of the capacitor. Its key performance indicators are as follows: structural thickness 2.58mm; bonding strength 1.9MPa; area specific capacitance 762F / m 2 .

[0078] The raw materials used for the inner filling layer M are, by weight, 80 parts red mud, 15 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sodium silicate, 3 parts aluminum powder, 5 parts foaming stabilizer; 2 parts potassium hydroxide, 2 parts potassium chloride, 5 parts iron oxide powder, and 60 parts mixing water. The red mud is undisturbed red mud discharged from the Bayer process electrolytic aluminum industry; the metakaolin is kaolin powder calcined at 750-850°C; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is foaming aluminum powder with a mesh size of 100-150 and an active aluminum content of ≥98%. The foaming stabilizer is a mixture of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 1:0.45:0.3. The solids content of the foaming stabilizer after compounding is ≥40%.

[0079] The pouring process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) drying: drying the original red mud at a temperature of 80°C for a time of 0.5-1h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to be less than 2%; (2) grinding: grinding and dispersing the dried red mud with a ball mill for a time of 5-10min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to be 45μm with a sieve residue of ≤3%; (3) mixing ingredients: weighing red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder in proportion, adding 70% mixing water, mixing and stirring them, and mixing them on a mixer at a speed of 300rpm / min for 5min to form a slurry mixture; then mixing sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, and iron oxide powder with 30% mixing water and adding the slurry, and continuing to stir at a speed of 150-200rpm / min for 3min to form a foaming slurry; (4) pouring and foaming: pouring the stirred slurry into the space G of the formed structural frame grid, with a pouring slurry mass of 30-35kg / m 2 After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off excess material along the upper surface.

[0080] The measured value of the key performance index of the internal filling layer M is: volume density 315kg / m 3 The thermal conductivity is 0.0717 W / m·K, the ionic conductivity is 0.046 mS / cm, and the resistivity is 28.3 Ω·cm. It meets the requirements of lightweight, heat preservation, and energy storage, serving as an internal filler and thermal insulation layer for heat preservation and as the electrolyte component of supercapacitors for energy storage.

[0081] The raw material components selected for the upper surface layer S are, by weight, 50 parts of ordinary Portland cement, 20 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 40 parts of quartz sand, 20 parts of polymer emulsion, 10 parts of silica fume, 0.2 parts of defoaming agent, 1.5 parts of dispersant, 0.1 parts of thickener, 0.5 parts of hydrophobic agent, and 60 parts of mixing water; the polymer emulsion is water-soluble carboxyl styrene-butadiene latex; the calcium carbonate powder is 400-600 mesh heavy calcium powder; the quartz sand is continuously graded quartz sand with a fineness of 10-60 mesh; the defoaming agent is a polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoaming agent; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid-based high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is a methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10-20W; and the hydrophobic agent is a stearic acid-based hydrophobic agent.

[0082] The pouring process of the upper surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) dispersion of liquid material: add thickener to mixing water, place it in a mixer, stir at a speed of 500r / min for 5-8min, then add dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent, polymer emulsion, and stir at 150r / min for 3min; (2) powder mixing: add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder, and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3min, and rotate at 200r / min; (3) slurry mixing: keep the powder stirring at a speed of 100r / min, and slowly add the dispersed liquid material; after the addition is completed, increase the speed to 300r / min and continue stirring for 3min; (4) pouring and curing: pour the mixed slurry onto the upper part of the filling layer M inside the board where the mold has been installed, and the pouring thickness is controlled to 20±2mm; after pouring, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for curing for 24h.

[0083] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the upper surface layer S are: compressive strength 31.3 MPa; flexural strength 8.3 MPa; water seepage resistance pressure 5.7 MPa; bonding strength 2.7 MPa; and tensile failure limit strain 11.9%.

[0084] In this embodiment, the various layers of the board are produced and prepared using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components according to the above steps, forming a multifunctional building board integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. The key performance indicators are measured as follows: bulk density 1950kg / m 3 , compressive strength 20.6MPa, thermal conductivity 0.116W / m·K; under the environmental conditions of temperature -20~45℃ and relative humidity 0~90%, the volume and function of the multifunctional building board are stable, no cracking, volume change rate is 0.3%, and the stored energy density is 18.3kW·h / m 2 .

[0085] On the outside of the upper surface layer S4 of the multifunctional building board of the present invention, a surface functional layer, an energy storage control device 8 and other external structural layers are set according to the needs of building use. The typical scenario of the surface functional layer is the decorative layer / photovoltaic panel 7 on the outer surface of the building. The energy storage control device 8 is the control and adjustment unit of the board's power storage, and the corresponding circuit design and installation need to be carried out according to the overall design of the building and the application scenario. According to the actual situation of the project, the T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6 that have been pre-buried can be used in the factory for combined installation, or they can be installed on the construction site. The present invention only relates to the design of the materials, process and performance of the building board, and does not involve the application design of the external structural layer such as the surface functional layer for a specific building form.

[0086] The above embodiments are merely examples of the explanation, specific embodiments, and implementation effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the present disclosure, some modifications or improvements without creative contributions may be made thereto, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to fall within the scope of protection claimed in the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation, characterized by: The structure includes four parts: structural frame G, interface functional layer D, internal filling layer M, and upper surface layer S. The structural frame G is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building board and has a load-bearing function. The structural frame G is composed of a bottom plate and a vertical partition plate. The vertical partition plate divides the structural frame G into squares, each square is an energy storage unit, and T-shaped metal embedded parts and L-shaped metal embedded parts are embedded in the vertical partition plates of the structural frame G. Energy is transmitted between the internal energy storage unit and the outside world through the T-shaped metal embedded parts and the L-shaped metal embedded parts. The interface functional layer D is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G, has a high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical stability, and provides energy storage function. The internal filling layer M is located on the interface functional layer D, has the characteristics of lightness and porosity, has good thermal insulation capacity, and has both energy storage function. The upper surface layer S is applied on the internal filling layer M as a packaging and protective layer for the multifunctional building board. Each layer of the board is produced and prepared in steps using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components, forming a multifunctional building board that integrates structure, energy storage and thermal insulation. Its key performance indicators are: bulk density ≤ 2000kg / m 3 , compressive strength ≥15MPa, thermal conductivity ≤0.12W / m·K; under the environmental conditions of temperature -20~45℃ and relative humidity 0~90%, the volume and function of the multifunctional building board are stable, no cracking, volume change rate ≤0.5%, and storage energy density ≥15W·h / m 2 ; The bottom plate thickness of the structural frame G is 20~30mm; the vertical partition plate thickness is 8~10mm; the spacing is 200~400mm; the thickness of the interface functional layer D is 2~3mm; the thickness of the internal filling layer M is 80~100mm; the thickness of the upper surface layer S is 20±2mm.

2. The multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structural frame G includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of cementitious material, 10-15 parts of composite admixture, 40-50 parts of aggregate, 2-3 parts of toughening fiber, 2-5 parts of chemical admixture, and 10-13 parts of mixing water; the cementitious material is 52.5 grade silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement; the composite admixture is silica fume, Class I fly ash with good sphericity, and high-strength vitrified microspheres. The amount of the three is calculated based on the particle size distribution of the raw materials and the close-packed distribution curve, with a mass ratio of 1: (0.3-0.6):

1. The silica fume is dense silica fume with a SiO2 content of ≥95% and a bulk density of ≥0.85 kg / m 3 , high-strength glass beads have a cylindrical compressive strength of ≥80MPa; the aggregate is quartz sand that has been screened and matched with particle grading, with a fineness modulus of 2.8; the toughening fiber is carbon fiber; the chemical admixture is a compound of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, viscosity reducing and air entraining. The viscosity reducing component uses an alcohol substance with a molecular weight of <80, and the air entraining component uses an alkyl sulfonate. After compounding, the solid content of the chemical admixture is ≥45%, and the water reduction rate is ≥40%. Its components and dosage are determined through experiments based on the working performance of the mixture slurry to ensure that the initial fluidity of the mixture is ≥210mm and the 1h fluidity is ≥200mm.

3. The multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interface functional layer D acts as the electrode material of the capacitor, and its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: structural thickness 2~3mm; bonding strength ≥1MPa; area specific capacitance 500~800F / m 2 ; The interface functional layer D includes a carbon fiber mesh and a composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry are calculated by weight as follows: 40-50 parts of cementitious material; 35-40 parts of porous ceramsite; 100-120 parts of mixing water; 2-3 parts of graphene nanosheets; and 100-150 parts of dispersion liquid. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement; the porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size of ≤2 mm and a bulk density of ≤0.85 g / cm3. 3 The graphene nanosheet particles should have a particle size D50 of ≤3 μm, a thickness of 5 to 50 nm, and a specific surface area of ​​≥600 m 2 / g, thermal conductivity ≥3500w / m·K, electrical conductivity ≥100S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content of ≥35%; the carbon fiber mesh cloth should have a thickness of ≤200μm and a mesh size of 0.3~0.8mm.

4. The multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The internal filling layer M has the requirements of light weight, heat preservation and energy storage. It acts as an internal filler and thermal insulation layer in terms of heat preservation function, and acts as the electrolyte component of the supercapacitor in terms of energy storage function. Its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: volume density 300~350kg / m 3 ; Thermal conductivity 0.07~0.08W / m·K; ionic conductivity ≥0.03mS / cm; resistivity ≤50Ω·cm; The raw material components selected for the internal filling layer M are, by weight, 80 parts of red mud, 15 parts of metakaolin, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 2-3 parts of aluminum powder, 3-5 parts of foaming stabilizer; 1-2 parts of potassium hydroxide, 1-2 parts of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of iron oxide powder, and 55-60 parts of mixing water; the red mud is undisturbed red mud discharged from the Bayer process electrolytic aluminum industry; the metakaolin is a powder obtained by calcining kaolin powder at 750-850° C.; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is aluminum powder for foaming with a mesh size of 100-150 and an active aluminum content of ≥98%; the foaming stabilizer is compounded by polycarboxylic acid mother liquor with polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether, with the mass ratio of the three being 1:(0.4-0.45):(0.2-0.3), and the solid content of the compounded foaming stabilizer is ≥40%.

5. The multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface layer S has good bonding properties, and its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: compressive strength ≥30 MPa; flexural strength ≥8 MPa; water permeability ≥5 MPa; bonding strength ≥1 MPa; and tensile failure limit strain ≥8%. The raw material components selected are, by weight: 50 parts of ordinary Portland cement, 15-20 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 30-40 parts of quartz sand, 15-20 parts of polymer emulsion, 5-10 parts of silica fume, 0.1-0.2 parts of defoaming agent, 1-1.5 parts of dispersant, 0.05-0.1 parts of thickener, 0.3-0.5 parts of hydrophobic agent, and 50-60 parts of mixing water. The polymer emulsion is water-soluble carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex. The calcium carbonate powder is 400~600 mesh heavy calcium powder; the quartz sand is 10~60 mesh continuously graded quartz sand; the defoaming agent is polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoaming agent; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10~20W; the hydrophobic agent is a stearic acid hydrophobic agent.

6. A method for preparing a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The production and assembly process of building panels includes the following steps: (1) forming the structural frame G; (2) installing T-shaped metal embedded parts and L-shaped metal embedded parts; (3) constructing the interface functional layer D; (4) pouring the internal filling layer M; and (5) pouring the upper surface layer S.

7. The method for preparing a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The forming process of structural frame G includes: (1) according to the designed raw material mix ratio, weigh the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates, and composite admixtures, add appropriate amount of moistening water at the same time, and put them into the stirring device for stirring; (2) dissolve the water-reducing admixture in the remaining mixing water, add the stirring device and continue stirring; (3) evenly sieve the weighed toughening fibers into the mixing bin, and after all the toughening fibers are sieved in and evenly dispersed, close the sealing door of the mixing bin and continue stirring for 5 minutes; (4) after the stirring is completed, pour into the assembled mold, and then coat the upper surface with a film to seal it, and cure it at 60±5℃ for 24 hours. After the curing is completed, remove the mold; the amount of each raw material used in the structural frame G needs to be adjusted and determined according to the quality of the raw materials and test data. The key performance indicators of the material preparation process should meet the following requirements: fluidity of the fresh slurry ≥190mm; 1d compressive strength ≥60MPa; 28d compressive strength ≥90MPa, flexural strength ≥26Mpa, and tensile strength ≥8Mpa.

8. The method for preparing a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: adding graphene nanosheets to 50 times the weight of the dispersion, ultrasonically dispersing for 2 hours, and obtaining the graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) treatment of conductive aggregate: using porous ceramsite as a carrier, immersing the ceramsite in the graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then transferring the dispersion to a stainless steel reactor for hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 12 hours; after treatment, filtering the ceramsite, and drying it in a 60°C forced air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain conductive aggregate; (3) preparation of composite slurry: adding half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to moisten it, putting it into a mixer, stirring at a speed of 100 r / min, and slowly adding the cementitious material during the stirring process; after the addition of the cementitious material is completed, continue stirring for 3 minutes; add the remaining half of the mixing water, and stir at a speed of 300 r / min on the mixer. Stir at a high speed for 3 minutes to obtain a composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and pasting of carbon fiber mesh cloth: The cut carbon fiber mesh is arranged in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4, and heat treated at 60℃ for 2 hours; after treatment, it is repeatedly rinsed with deionized water until it is neutral; the prepared composite slurry is brushed on the inner surface of the formed structural frame G, and the brushing thickness is controlled at 2~3mm, and then the carbon fiber mesh cloth cut according to the size of the inner surface of the structural frame G after corrosion treatment is pasted; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: The structural frame G with the carbon fiber mesh cloth pasted is placed in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for curing for 48 hours. During the curing process, the graphene nanosheet dispersion is continuously sprayed on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh cloth for 8~10 times, and the time interval between two sprayings should be greater than 3 hours.

9. The method for preparing a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pouring process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) drying: drying the original red mud at 80 ° C for 0.5 to 1 h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to <2%; (2) grinding: grinding and dispersing the dried red mud with a ball mill for 5 to 10 min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to 45 μm with a sieve residue of ≤3%; (3) mixing ingredients: weighing red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder in proportion, adding 70% mixing water, mixing and stirring them, and mixing them on a mixer at a speed of 300 rpm / min for 5 min to form a slurry mixture; then, sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, and iron oxide powder are mixed with 30% mixing water and added to the slurry, and stirring is continued at a speed of 150 to 200 rpm / min for 3 min to form a foamed slurry; (4) pouring and foaming: pouring the stirred slurry into the space G of the formed structural frame grid, with a pouring slurry mass of 30 to 35 kg / m 2 After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off excess material along the upper surface.

10. The method for preparing a multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pouring process of the upper surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) Dispersion of liquid material: Add the thickener to the mixing water, place it in a mixer, and stir at a speed of 500r / min for 5~8min, then add the dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent, and polymer emulsion, and stir at 150r / min for 3min; (2) Powder mixing: Add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder, and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3min, and rotate at 200r / min; (3) Slurry mixing: Keep the powder stirring at a speed of 100r / min and slowly add the dispersed liquid material; after the addition is completed, increase the speed to 300r / min and continue stirring for 3min; (4) Pouring and curing: Pour the mixed slurry onto the upper part of the filling layer M inside the board where the mold has been installed, and the pouring thickness is controlled to 20±2mm; after pouring, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for curing for 24h.

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