Construction system and construction method for vertical tunnel

Abstract

The invention provides a construction method and a construction system for tunneling from bottom to top to form a vertical tunnel. The vertical tunnel is provided with a pipe joint formed by splicing at least two pipe pieces in the circumferential direction. The construction system comprises a tunneling unit and a pushing unit. The pushing unit is arranged under a pipe piece of the vertical tunnel, supports the tunneling unit or a combination of the tunneling unit and a pipe joint in the vertical direction and provides upward pushing force, the pushing unit comprises a plurality of sets of subunits distributed in the axial direction of the vertical tunnel, and each set of subunits can stretch out and draw back independently in the vertical direction. Each segment is supported by at least one group of subunits. When a new pipe joint is assembled, at least one set of subunits retract, meanwhile, vertical supporting and retaining of the at least one set of subunits on the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe joint are kept, and the direction of supporting force applied by the subunits coincides with the direction of the pipe piece. According to the scheme, it can be ensured that at least one set of subunits provide vertical supporting and retaining at any time of tunneling, and better stability and safety are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the field of underground engineering technology, and in particular to a construction system and a construction method for a vertical tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels for underground rail transit, such as subways, are usually equipped with vertical tunnels (also called shafts) leading to the ground to meet requirements such as ventilation and smoke exhaust. The traditional method of vertical tunnel construction is to dig downward from the ground and reinforce it with brickwork. With the widespread use of concrete, the caisson method has emerged, that is, a wellbore is prefabricated at the designed location of the underground structure, and under the cover of the prefabricated wellbore, the wellbore is sunk to the designed elevation by relying on its own gravity and the excavation of the well to overcome the friction resistance of the well wall and the resistance of the blade foot, and finally the bottom is sealed. These traditional construction methods have the disadvantages of low efficiency and high cost. In addition, they are less suitable for strata with high water content.

[0003] In recent years, construction methods using shield or jacking equipment to excavate from the bottom up in an already formed tunnel have emerged to address the problems existing in traditional construction methods. For example, Chinese patent document CN113216973A discloses "a vertical shaft excavation device that pushes from the bottom up." Chinese patent document CN114293992A discloses "an upward construction vertical shaft device and its construction method." In the disclosed scheme, the pipe segments or pipe sections of the vertical tunnel are installed in place synchronously with the shield or jacking equipment. In order to overcome the influence of gravity, CN113216973A uses the anti-retraction hook 90 of the anti-retraction bracket 9 to hook the convex ring 140 on the outer wall of the pipe section from the side to achieve anti-retraction. CN114293992A is provided with a reaction frame 8, and the anti-retraction support mechanism 9 extending laterally from the reaction frame 8 is inserted into the grouting hole of the pipe segment to achieve anti-retraction. During the initial stages of tunneling, when the shield or pipe jacking equipment and the number of pipe segments are relatively small, the weight of the structure requiring withdrawal is relatively small, and the two aforementioned solutions are somewhat effective. However, as tunneling progresses, the number of pipe segments gradually increases, and the weight of the structure requiring withdrawal increases dramatically, potentially reaching hundreds of tons. In practice, these two solutions struggle to support such heavy structures and may even risk withdrawal failure.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a construction system and a construction method for a vertical tunnel to at least partially solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a construction method for excavating a vertical tunnel from bottom to top, wherein the vertical tunnel has a tunnel segment formed by circumferentially assembling at least two segments, the construction method comprising:

[0006] Step A: Using a pushing unit to vertically support the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment, the pushing unit is arranged below the tunneling unit and includes multiple groups of subunits distributed around the central axis of the vertical tunnel, each group of subunits can independently extend and retract vertically;

[0007] Step B: The pushing unit as a whole applies a pushing force to cause the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe section to move upward by a predetermined distance;

[0008] Step C: adding a new pipe segment below the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment, comprising:

[0009] Step C1: at least one group of subunits is retracted while maintaining the vertical support of at least one group of subunits on the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment, wherein:

[0010] The direction of the supporting force exerted by the subunit for vertically supporting and preventing retreat coincides with the pipe segment;

[0011] Step C2: placing a new segment on the retracted subunit;

[0012] Step C3: the retracted sub-unit is extended again to push the new segment upward and support the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the tunnel segment through the new segment;

[0013] Step C4: Repeat steps C1 to C3 to complete the setting of a new ring of segments.

[0014] To form the new tube segment;

[0015] Step D: The pushing unit applies a pushing force as a whole, so that the tunneling unit and all pipe sections move upward by a predetermined distance;

[0016] Step E: Repeat steps C and D to complete the assembly and upward pushing of the subsequent new pipe segments.

[0017] In some embodiments, in step C1, the number of subunits that maintain the vertical support to prevent retreat is no less than one half of the total number of subunits.

[0018] In some embodiments, the construction method is used to construct in an already formed transverse tunnel to form the vertical tunnel, and the construction method further includes, before step A:

[0019] A sleeve is installed on the top of the formed transverse tunnel, and the excavation unit is arranged in the sleeve.

[0020] In some embodiments, the sleeve is provided with an auxiliary stop device, the auxiliary stop device having a stop pin capable of transverse extension and contraction, and the tunneling unit or the segment is provided with a prefabricated hole.

[0021] Wherein, step C1 further includes: making the retaining pin extend laterally and enter the corresponding prefabricated hole, and

[0022] Before step D, the method further includes: retracting the retaining pin laterally and withdrawing it from the corresponding prefabricated hole.

[0023] In some embodiments, the vertical position of the auxiliary back-stop device is adjustable.

[0024] Wherein, step C1 further includes: adjusting the vertical position of the auxiliary anti-recoil device so that the anti-recoil pin is horizontally aligned with the corresponding prefabricated hole.

[0025] In some embodiments, in step C, the joint of the new pipe section is staggered with the joint of the adjacent previous pipe section.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a construction system for excavating a vertical tunnel from bottom to top, wherein the vertical tunnel has a pipe segment formed by circumferentially assembling at least two segments, the construction system comprising:

[0027] tunneling units; and

[0028] A pushing unit is arranged directly below the pipe segment of the vertical tunnel, vertically supporting the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment and providing an upward pushing force. The pushing unit includes a plurality of groups of subunits distributed axially around the vertical tunnel, each group of subunits can independently expand and contract vertically relative to other subunits, each pipe segment is supported by at least one group of subunits, and the pushing unit is constructed to be able to perform the construction method as described above.

[0029] In some embodiments, the plurality of sub-units are configured to support the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment at different levels.

[0030] In some embodiments, at any moment during the process from the initial excavation to the end of the excavation, the number of sub-units that maintain vertical support to prevent retreat is not less than one-half of the total number of the sub-units.

[0031] In some embodiments, each group of the subunits includes at least one hydraulic cylinder.

[0032] In some embodiments, the construction system is configured to construct within an already formed transverse tunnel to form the vertical tunnel, wherein the construction system further comprises a sleeve fixed to a segment or pipe section of the transverse tunnel, and the excavation unit is located within the sleeve during initial excavation.

[0033] In some embodiments, the sleeve is provided with an auxiliary stop device, which has a stop pin, and the stop pin is configured to be able to extend and retract laterally to extend into and exit from the prefabricated hole on the tunneling unit or the segment.

[0034] In some embodiments, the vertical position of the auxiliary back-stop device is adjustable.

[0035] According to the present invention, the construction system's thrusting units simultaneously provide upward thrust and support to prevent retreat. Therefore, there's no need for specialized restraint devices, reducing the number of components in the construction system and lowering costs. Furthermore, the thrusting units ensure that at all times, from the initial excavation to the final excavation, at least one subunit provides vertical support directly below the excavation unit or pipe segment. Compared to lateral support, vertical support provides greater stability and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to better understand the above and other objects, features, advantages and functions of the present invention, reference may be made to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings refer to the same components. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the accompanying drawings are intended to schematically illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention and have no limiting effect on the scope of the present invention. The various components in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2A-2B is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3A-3B is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4A-4B is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5A-5B is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6A-6Bis a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7A-7B is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8A-8B is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9A-9B is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figures 10A-10B is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figures 11A-11B is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 12 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Now referring to the accompanying drawings, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. What is described here is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can think of other ways to implement the present invention based on the preferred embodiment, and the other ways also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0050] The present invention provides a construction system and corresponding construction method for excavating a vertical tunnel from bottom to top. For example, construction can begin within an existing transverse tunnel or within a construction space excavated underground or in a mountain. The vertical tunnel can be constructed from pipe segments. Each segment can be assembled from at least two segments. The resulting vertical tunnel can be used for smoke exhaust, ventilation, and other purposes, and can also be referred to as a vertical shaft. This is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] like Figure 1As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the construction system 1 according to the present invention may include a tunneling unit 10 and a jacking unit 20. The tunneling unit 10 may be, for example, a pipe jacking machine having a tunneling unit body 11. A cutterhead 12 is provided at the front end of the tunneling unit body 11 for cutting the soil or pipe segments above. A slag discharge pipe 13 is also provided within the tunneling unit body 11, which can be extended as the tunneling unit 10 tunnels upward. This discharge pipe 13 is used to discharge dirt, gravel, and other debris produced by the cutterhead 12. For example, the slag discharge pipe 13 may be positioned approximately at the center of the tunneling unit body 11. For example, in the case of tunneling from bottom to top in an already formed transverse tunnel, the tunneling unit 20 is positioned at a predetermined tunneling position within the transverse tunnel before excavation begins. The predetermined tunneling position within the transverse tunnel may be the location of a designed smoke exhaust shaft or ventilation shaft. To reduce the difficulty of cutting and prevent the structural strength of the entire ring of segments in transverse tunnel 101 from being adversely affected by cutting, special segments 102 suitable for cutting by tunneling unit 10 can be installed at predetermined excavation locations during the construction of transverse tunnel 101. A thrust unit 20 is located below tunneling unit 10 to support tunneling unit 10 and provide vertical support and a stop during upward excavation.

[0052] refer to Figure 2B According to the solution of the present invention, the jacking unit 20 includes a plurality of groups of subunits 21 (21a-21h) arranged around the central axis of the vertical tunnel to be excavated. Each group of subunits 21a-21h is constructed to be able to independently extend and retract vertically relative to other subunits. In the illustrated embodiment, each group of subunits 21a-21h each includes a hydraulic cylinder. It will be understood that in other embodiments, each group of subunits may each include more than one hydraulic cylinder, and the number of hydraulic cylinders in different groups of subunits may be the same or different, wherein the hydraulic cylinders in the same group of subunits extend and retract synchronously, while the hydraulic cylinders in different groups of subunits extend and retract relatively independently.

[0053] The jacking unit 20 also includes a reaction seat 22, which is used to provide a foundation for the installation of subunits 21a-21h. During operation, the reaction seat 22 is supported on the pipe segments of the transverse tunnel 101, and supports the excavation unit 10 located above and the subsequently assembled pipe sections and other structures through the subunits 21a-21h. Preferably, a avoidance hole 221 is provided in the middle of the reaction seat 22. Structures such as the slag discharge pipe 13 can extend into the avoidance hole 221, and turn to extend to other positions below the reaction seat 22. In this way, interference between structures such as the slag discharge pipe 13 and the pipe sections assembled on the jacking unit 20 during the upward excavation process can be avoided.

[0054] The following combination Figures 1 to 11B The working process of the construction system according to the present invention is introduced.

[0055] During the preparation work before the start of excavation, the tunneling unit 10 and the jacking unit 20 of the construction system are transported to a predetermined position in the transverse tunnel 101, for example, below the special segment 102, by means of a transport trolley or other equipment. The jacking unit 20 is mounted and supported on the segment of the transverse tunnel 101, and the tunneling unit 10 is supported on the jacking unit 20. Preferably, the construction system 1 may further include a starting sleeve 30, which is fixedly connected to the segment of the transverse tunnel 101 by welding and / or bolting. The tunneling unit 10 is supported on the jacking unit 20 and is at least partially disposed in the starting sleeve 30. The starting sleeve 30 may provide functions such as positioning, sealing and water stopping.

[0056] After preparations are complete, tunneling operations begin. The hydraulic cylinder of the thrust unit 20 extends, applying an upward thrust force to push the tunneling unit 10 upward. Simultaneously, the cutterhead 12 of the tunneling unit 10 cuts through the special segment 102 and continues to cut the soil beyond it after the segment 102 penetrates. After the tunneling unit 20 has advanced a predetermined distance (e.g., approximately the axial width of a pipe section), the cutterhead 12 stops cutting, and the thrust unit 20 ceases its upward thrust, remaining only as a supporting force.

[0057] The pipe segment assembly operation can then be performed. Specifically, at least one group of subunits of the jacking unit 20 is retracted, while at least one group of subunits still maintains vertical support for the tunneling unit 10. For example Figure 2A and Figure 2B As shown, subunits 21a, 21b and 21c are retracted to provide space for arranging segments, while subunits 21d-21h remain extended to provide vertical support for the tunneling unit 10. In other words, subunits 21d-21h actually also play a role of stopping retreat. Figure 3A and Figure 3B As shown, a segment 201a can be placed on the retracted subunits 21a, 21b and 21c, which forms part of a new segment of the vertical tunnel. Figure 4A and Figure 4B As shown, the retracted subunits 21a, 21b, and 21c extend upward, pushing the new segment 201a upward and ultimately supporting it at the bottom of the tunneling unit 10. In other words, the re-extended subunits 21a, 21b, and 21c indirectly support the tunneling unit 10 via the new segment 201a. At this point, the tunneling unit 10 is once again fully supported. Furthermore, subunits 21a-21h support the tunneling unit and segment (or segment) combination at different levels.

[0058] After the sub-units 21a, 21b and 21c support the new segment 201a and the tunneling unit 10 stably, Figure 5A and Figure 5BAs shown, subunits 21d, 21e, and 21f are retracted to provide space for installing another segment. Subunits 21a-21c and 21g-21h remain extended to provide vertical support for the tunneling unit 10. Subunits 21a-21c indirectly support the tunneling unit 10 through the new segment 201a, while subunits 21g-21h directly support the tunneling unit 10. Figure 6A and Figure 6B As shown, a segment 201b can be placed on the retracted subunits 21d, 21e and 21f, which forms part of a new segment of the vertical tunnel. Figure 7A and Figure 7B As shown, the retracted subunits 21d, 21e, and 21f extend upward, pushing the new segment 201b upward and ultimately supporting it at the bottom of the tunneling unit 10. In other words, the re-extended subunits 21d, 21e, and 21f indirectly support the tunneling unit 10 via the new segment 201b. At this point, the tunneling unit 10 is once again fully supported. Furthermore, subunits 21a-21h support the tunneling unit and segment (or segment) combination at different levels.

[0059] After the subunits 21d, 21e and 21f support the new segment 201b and the tunneling unit 10 stably, Figure 8A and Figure 8B As shown, subunits 21g and 21h are retracted to provide space for setting up a new segment. Subunits 21a-21f remain extended to indirectly provide vertical support to the tunneling unit 10 through the new segments 201a and 201b. Figure 9A and Figure 9B As shown, a segment 201c can be placed on the retracted subunits 21g and 21h, which forms part of a new segment of the vertical tunnel. Figure 10A and Figure 10B As shown, the retracted subunits 21g and 21h extend upward, pushing the new segment 201c upward and ultimately supporting it at the bottom of the tunneling unit 10. In other words, the re-extended subunits 21g and 21h indirectly support the tunneling unit 10 via the new segment 201c. At this point, the tunneling unit 10 is once again fully supported. Furthermore, subunits 21a-21h support the tunneling unit and segments (or pipe segments) on the same horizontal plane.

[0060] In the embodiment shown in the figure, the pipe section of the vertical tunnel is assembled from three pipe segments. Figure 10A and Figure 10BAs shown, after the third pipe segment 201c is installed in place, the pipe segments 201a, 201b, and 201c can be assembled to form an integral structure. For example, adjacent pipe segments can be connected together by bolts passing through prefabricated bolt holes to form a complete ring of new pipe segments 201. In other embodiments, the pipe segment can be provided with a quick plug-in structure (such as a male plug and a female plug that can cooperate with each other, etc.), and the pipe segment can be constructed so that after the pipe segment is pushed upward into place by the sub-unit of the corresponding pushing unit 20, it can be connected to the adjacent pipe segment through the cooperation of the quick plug-in structure. That is, after the last pipe segment is pushed into place, the pipe segment is automatically assembled, thereby saving a special assembly process. After the new pipe segment 201 is assembled, as shown Figure 11A and Figure 11B As shown, the hydraulic cylinder of the thrust unit 20 extends as a whole, applying an upward thrust force to push the tunneling unit 10 and the new pipe segment 201 upward. Simultaneously, the cutterhead 12 of the tunneling unit 10 cuts the soil. After the tunneling unit 20 and the new pipe segment 201 have advanced a predetermined distance (e.g., approximately the axial width of one pipe segment), the cutterhead 12 stops cutting, and the thrust unit 20 ceases its upward thrust force, providing only support.

[0061] You can repeat it next Figures 2A to 10B Steps to assemble and push the subsequent new pipe sections, such as Figure 12 The pipe sections 202-206 shown, etc., are inserted until the excavation of the vertical tunnel is completed. In order to ensure the force balance of the vertical tunnel pipe sections, preferably, the joints of adjacent pipe sections are staggered with each other in the circumferential direction. The last pipe section of the vertical tunnel can be a specially made pipe section, such as a pipe section made of steel or other materials in whole or in part. After the last pipe section is pushed into place, the last pipe section can be connected and fixed to the pipe segments of the transverse tunnel 101 by welding or the like. In addition, grouting operations can also be performed through the grouting holes (not shown) of the various pipe sections of the vertical tunnel to provide a waterproof effect and enhance the adhesion between the pipe sections and the external soil. The excavation unit 10 can be removed from the upper end of the vertical tunnel by hoisting or the like.

[0062] Unlike horizontal tunneling, which requires little to no overcoming of gravity, in bottom-up tunneling, the gravity acting on the tunneling unit and subsequent pipe segments is coaxial with and opposite to the direction of tunneling. Therefore, even during pauses in the upward thrust (for example, when assembling new pipe segments), continuous vertical support is required to overcome the downward pressure generated by the combined effects of gravity and earth pressure, preventing the tunneling unit and pipe segments from sinking or falling (unexpected sinking or falling can lead to serious engineering accidents). Furthermore, as tunneling progresses, the overall weight of the tunneling unit and the subsequent pipe segments increases, typically reaching tens to hundreds of tons. Furthermore, there is hundreds of tons of earth pressure on top of the tunneling unit's cutterhead. Providing this continuous and reliable vertical support is a significant challenge.

[0063] According to the solution of the present invention, the pushing unit 20 that applies the pushing force can be used to provide a continuous vertical support and anti-retreat function to the tunneling unit 10 or the combination of the tunneling unit 10 and the pipe section at any time desired by the operator during the entire tunneling process. At the same time, the needs of pipe section assembly can be taken into account, and there is no need to set up a special anti-retreat structure. It can be understood that the main function of the pushing unit 20 is to provide an upward pushing force during the entire tunneling construction. Even for the tunneling unit 10 in the final stage of construction plus the maximum weight of all the pipe sections, the required pushing force (support force) can be met. Therefore, the vertical support force required to provide the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe section during the suspension of pushing must be within the design specifications of the pushing unit. The present invention uses the pushing unit 20 to provide vertical support and anti-retreat during the suspension of pushing, which can fully meet the requirements for reliability and stability.

[0064] Furthermore, compared to existing technologies, the present invention provides a superior support and force-bearing system. The present invention utilizes a jacking unit located directly below the segment to provide vertical support and prevent retreat. The vertical support force provided is coaxial with the downward force acting on the segment. Therefore, the forces borne internally by the jacking unit are typically no greater than the support required for the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the segment, and these forces are well within the design specifications of the jacking unit. Consequently, there is no risk of structural failure.

[0065] Some existing technologies have specialized anti-retraction mechanisms that provide vertical support and anti-retraction for the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the tunneling segment during pauses in the jacking process for assembling new tunnel segments. These specialized anti-retraction mechanisms are located on the side (inside or outside) of the segment and connected to the tunneling unit or segment via transversely extending transverse members, providing anti-retraction support to the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the tunneling segment. In such a force-bearing system, the end (proximal end) of the transverse member connected to the tunneling unit or segment is subjected to pressure (gravity plus soil pressure) from the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the tunneling segment. The stress level on the anti-retraction mechanism and the surrounding segments will be amplified or even exceed the allowable stress of the material, potentially leading to anti-retraction failure. On the one hand, the locations where the pipe segments connect to the transverse members, such as the grouting holes, are not specifically designed for support and stoppers. Therefore, their structural strength does not take into account the need to cope with the strong stresses required to support and stoppers. When the number of pipe segments increases and the overall pressure becomes excessive, the locations where the pipe segments connect to the transverse members are prone to structural damage due to excessive stress, and thus the stoppers may fail. On the other hand, as the transverse members move laterally away from the pipe segments, the stress within the transverse members gradually increases compared to their proximal ends. In other words, the stress within the transverse members is actually greater than the force required to support and stoppers. Therefore, the stoppers may also fail due to structural damage caused by excessive stress.

[0066] In contrast, the present invention's solution directly utilizes the jacking unit to provide support, requiring only sufficient structural strength. This minimizes the risk of structural failure, thereby improving construction safety. Furthermore, compared to existing technologies, the present invention eliminates the need for a dedicated stop mechanism, simplifying the construction system and reducing construction costs while improving efficiency.

[0067] Preferably, in order to ensure the reliability and stability of the vertical support, according to the solution of the present invention, at any moment during the excavation construction process, the number of sub-units maintaining vertical support in the jacking unit 20 is not less than one-half of the total number of sub-units. Among them, the sub-units maintaining vertical support can be preferably arranged to be symmetrical about the central axis of the pipe section to provide uniform support in the circumferential direction around the central axis. Of course, these preferred features are not necessary as long as the support is reliable. It can be understood that in the actual construction process, the excavation unit, the pipe section and the vertical tunnel formed are roughly coaxial. Therefore, the central axis of the pipe section referred to here can also be understood as the central axis of the excavation unit or the central axis of the vertical tunnel.

[0068] Although the present invention omits a dedicated anti-retraction mechanism, preferably, in some embodiments, an auxiliary anti-retraction device can also be provided to provide an auxiliary anti-retraction function to further improve the stability, reliability and safety of the vertical support anti-retraction. Figure 1As shown, the auxiliary anti-retraction device 31 is mounted on the starting sleeve 30 and includes a laterally retractable anti-retraction pin. When auxiliary anti-retraction is required, the anti-retraction pin extends laterally, for example, into a prefabricated hole in the tunneling unit 10 or a subsequent segment 201. For the tunneling unit 10, the prefabricated hole can be a hole specifically designed for anti-retraction. For the segment 201, the prefabricated hole can be a grouting hole. Preferably, the vertical position of the auxiliary anti-retraction device 31 is adjustable so that the anti-retraction pin can be aligned with the corresponding prefabricated hole. It is understood that in actual construction, during the initial excavation and the early stages of the entire tunneling process, when the number of pipe segments is small and the total weight of the tunneling units and segments is low, the auxiliary anti-retraction device 31 alone can be used for anti-retraction. However, as excavation progresses, the number of pipe segments increases, and the total weight of the tunneling units and segments gradually increases. When the total weight reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold, the anti-retraction device 31 can be switched to the jacking unit 20, or the jacking unit 20 combined with the auxiliary anti-retraction device 31.

[0069] The above description of various embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of description to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art. It is not intended to exclude or limit the present invention to a single disclosed embodiment. As above, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand the various substitutions and variations of the present invention. Therefore, although some alternative embodiments are specifically described, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand or relatively easily develop other embodiments. The present invention is intended to include all substitutions, modifications and variations of the present invention described herein, as well as other embodiments that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention described above.

Claims

1. A construction method for excavating a vertical tunnel from bottom to top, wherein the vertical tunnel has a pipe segment composed of at least two pipe segments assembled along the circumferential direction, characterized in that: The construction method comprises: Step A: Using a pushing unit to vertically support the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment, the pushing unit is arranged below the tunneling unit and includes multiple groups of subunits distributed around the central axis of the vertical tunnel, each group of subunits can independently extend and retract vertically; Step B: The pushing unit as a whole applies a pushing force to cause the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe section to move upward by a predetermined distance; Step C: adding a new pipe segment below the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment, comprising: Step C1: retracting at least one group of subunits while maintaining vertical support and stopping of the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment by at least one group of subunits, wherein the direction of the support force applied by the subunits for vertical support and stopping coincides with the pipe segment; Step C2: placing a new segment on the retracted subunit; Step C3: the retracted sub-unit is extended again to push the new segment upward and support the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the tunnel segment through the new segment; Step C4: repeating steps C1 to C3 to complete the arrangement of a whole ring of new segments to form the new pipe segment; Step D: The pushing unit applies a pushing force as a whole to move the tunneling unit and all pipe segments upward by a predetermined distance. Step E: Repeat steps C and D to complete the subsequent assembly and upward pushing of new pipe segments.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step C1, the number of subunits that maintain vertical support to prevent retreat is not less than one half of the total number of subunits.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction method is used to construct in a formed transverse tunnel to form the vertical tunnel. Before step A, the construction method further comprises: A sleeve is installed on the top of the formed transverse tunnel, and the excavation unit is arranged in the sleeve.

4. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sleeve is provided with an auxiliary anti-retraction device, the auxiliary anti-retraction device has an anti-retraction pin that can be laterally extended and retracted, and the excavation unit or the pipe segment is provided with a prefabricated hole. Wherein, step C1 further includes: making the retaining pin extend laterally and enter the corresponding prefabricated hole, and Before step D, the method further includes: retracting the retaining pin laterally and withdrawing it from the corresponding prefabricated hole.

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertical position of the auxiliary anti-retraction device is adjustable. Wherein, step C1 further includes: adjusting the vertical position of the auxiliary anti-recoil device so that the anti-recoil pin is horizontally aligned with the corresponding prefabricated hole.

6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step C, the joint of the new pipe section is staggered with the joint of the adjacent previous pipe section.

7. A construction system for excavating a vertical tunnel from bottom to top, wherein the vertical tunnel has a pipe segment composed of at least two pipe segments assembled along the circumferential direction, characterized in that: The construction system includes: tunneling units; and A pushing unit is arranged directly below the pipe segment of the vertical tunnel, vertically supporting the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment and providing an upward pushing force, the pushing unit includes a plurality of groups of subunits distributed axially around the vertical tunnel, each group of subunits can independently extend and retract vertically relative to other subunits, each pipe segment is supported by at least one group of subunits, and the pushing unit is constructed to be able to perform the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The construction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of sub-units are configured to support the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe segment at different levels.

9. The construction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: At any moment during the process from the initial excavation to the end of excavation, the number of sub-units that maintain vertical support to prevent retreat is not less than one half of the total number of sub-units.

10. The construction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each group of subunits includes at least one hydraulic cylinder.

11. The construction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The construction system is configured to construct within a formed transverse tunnel to form the vertical tunnel, wherein the construction system further comprises a sleeve fixed to a segment or pipe section of the transverse tunnel, and the excavation unit is located within the sleeve during initial excavation.

12. The construction system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The sleeve is provided with an auxiliary anti-retraction device, which has an anti-retraction pin. The anti-retraction pin is constructed to be able to extend and retract laterally to extend into the prefabricated hole on the excavation unit or the pipe segment and to withdraw from the prefabricated hole.

13. The construction system according to claim 12, characterized in that: The vertical position of the auxiliary anti-retreat device is adjustable.

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