Multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for top-charging coal car and using method of multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device

Abstract

The invention provides a multistage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top coal charging car and a using method, and relates to the field of metallurgical coking, the device comprises a fixed sleeve, an upper guide sleeve, a first sealing part, a lower guide sleeve assembly, a lower guide sleeve driving part, a second sealing part and a third sealing part. The upper part of the fixed sleeve is connected with a spiral feeder of the coal charging car; the liftable upper guide sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the fixed sleeve and dynamically seals a gap between the fixed sleeve and the upper guide sleeve through a first sealing part; the lower guide sleeve can adjust the swing angle in a self-adaptive mode, and the swing amplitude is limited through the blocking frame. The oil cylinder controls the piston stroke through the displacement sensor to drive the lifting arm to drive the lower guide sleeve to lift; the second sealing part is arranged between the upper guide sleeve and the lower guide sleeve and comprises a sealing ring structure with a spherical surface matched with a conical surface and a compacted flexible sealing ring, and double sealing is formed. And the third sealing part is arranged between the lower guide sleeve and the furnace hole. The fire blast risk caused by sealing failure, unorganized emission, environment pollution and overflow of high-temperature flue gas during coal charging is effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of metallurgy and coking, and in particular to a multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car and a use method thereof, which is applied to a top-loading coke oven smokeless coal car. Background Art

[0002] Coal loading cars operate atop top-loading coke ovens, collecting coal from the coal tower and loading it into the carbonization chamber, generating large amounts of raw gas and smoke. The guide sleeve is a core component of the dust-removing coal loading car, connecting the coal hopper to the carbonization chamber. Coal loading produces a large amount of flue gas, which contains harmful components such as benzopyrene, necessitating collection and treatment of the smoke. Currently, top-loading coke oven coal loading processes typically utilize negative pressure from the furnace to direct the smoke generated during the loading process into the gas collection pipe. Therefore, the coal loading guide sleeve must be fully sealed during loading operations.

[0003] The existing technology has the following disadvantages: smoke, fire, and coal spraying during actual use, which poses safety hazards, low dust removal efficiency, environmental pollution, and high labor intensity.

[0004] 1) The upper guide sleeve is sealed with flexible materials. In a high-temperature open flame environment, its life is short and it needs to be replaced regularly, which is labor-intensive and has high maintenance costs. If it is not replaced in time, smoke and coal will be sprayed.

[0005] 2) Only hard seals are used between the upper and lower guide sleeves. Sometimes the seal is not tight and gaps occur, which will cause smoke and coal spraying.

[0006] 3) The lower guide sleeve adopts spherical sealing, which requires high precision. When the furnace hole is deformed or displaced, the seal is not tight and gaps will appear, causing smoke and coal spraying.

[0007] 4) The lower guide sleeve adopts flexible sealing. In high temperature and open flame environment, its life is short and needs to be replaced regularly, which is labor-intensive and has high maintenance cost. If it is not replaced in time, smoke and coal will be sprayed.

[0008] 5) The coal loading furnace hole is exposed to high temperature of about 1000℃ for a long time, which may cause deformation or displacement. When the height deviation or horizontal deviation exceeds ±20mm, the seal will not be tight and smoke will be emitted.

[0009] 6) The lower guide sleeve shakes when it is raised or lowered. In severe cases, it may tilt, causing jamming or poor sealing and smoke.

[0010] In order to solve the above shortcomings, we propose to develop a multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for top-loading coal cars and a method of use. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In response to the aforementioned industry-wide technical bottlenecks in top-loading coal cars during coal loading operations, including environmental pollution from unorganized emissions due to seal failure, explosion risks caused by high-temperature flue gas spillage, the need for manual cleaning of pulverized coal, and frequent maintenance and replacement, a multi-stage composite seal guide sleeve device and method for use for top-loading coal cars is provided. The present invention utilizes new technologies, including an upper guide sleeve bellows seal, upper and lower guide sleeve spherical and flexible composite seals, a lower guide sleeve knife-edge and flexible composite seal, and dynamic adaptation to furnace roof deviations, to effectively address the issues of environmental pollution from unorganized emissions due to seal failure, explosion risks caused by high-temperature flue gas spillage, the need for manual cleaning of pulverized coal, and frequent maintenance and replacement during coal loading.

[0012] The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0013] A multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car comprises a fixed sleeve, an upper guide sleeve, a first sealing portion, a lower guide sleeve assembly, a lower guide sleeve driving portion, a second sealing portion and a third sealing portion;

[0014] The upper portion of the fixed sleeve is connected to the spiral feeder of the coal charging car. The liftable upper guide sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the fixed sleeve and dynamically seals the gap between the fixed sleeve and the upper guide sleeve through the first sealing portion. The lower guide sleeve is hinged to the ring hanger through a swing connection structure. The swing connection structure includes multiple joint bearings and bearing seats, so that the lower guide sleeve can adaptively adjust the swing angle and limit the swing amplitude through a stop frame.

[0015] The lower guide sleeve drive part includes a track frame, a cylinder and a lifting arm. The cylinder controls the piston stroke through a displacement sensor to drive the lifting arm to drive the lower guide sleeve to rise and fall; the second sealing part is arranged between the upper guide sleeve and the lower guide sleeve, including a sealing ring structure with a spherical surface and a conical surface and a compacted flexible sealing ring to form a double seal; the third sealing part is arranged between the lower guide sleeve and the furnace hole, including an adjustable spring buffer assembly, a multi-layer flexible sealing ring and a chain ring. The spring buffer assembly adjusts the elastic force and locks it by adjusting the nut. The flexible sealing ring fits the surface of the furnace ring, and the chain ring forms a curtain-type seal.

[0016] Furthermore, the first sealing part includes a bellows compensator, a pin shaft 1, and a spring 1. The upper part of the bellows compensator is connected to the fixed sleeve, and the lower part is connected to the outer side of the upper guide sleeve. The bellows compensator seals the dynamic gap between the fixed sleeve and the upper guide sleeve. The spring 1 is installed in the cylindrical cavity on the upper guide sleeve through the pin shaft 1. When the upper guide sleeve descends, the spring 1 is compressed, thereby providing an upward reaction force for the upper guide sleeve.

[0017] Furthermore, the lower guide sleeve assembly includes a lower guide sleeve, a connecting shaft one, a spherical bearing, a ring hanger, a bearing seat, a connecting shaft two and a retaining frame; the spherical bearing is installed in the bearing seat, and there are four spherical bearings and bearing seats, which are respectively arranged at the four equal points of the ring hanger; the lower guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the ring hanger through the connecting shaft one, the spherical bearing and the bearing seat, so that the lower guide sleeve can swing and dynamically adapt to the deviation of the furnace top; the retaining frame is engaged with the lower guide sleeve drive part and maintains a certain distance from the ring hanger to limit the swing amplitude of the lower guide sleeve.

[0018] Furthermore, the lower guide sleeve drive unit includes a track frame, a cylinder, a mobile trolley and a lifting arm; the left side of the lifting arm is connected to the ring hanger through a bearing seat, a joint bearing, and a second connecting shaft, and the right side of the lifting arm is connected to the mobile trolley. The track frame is hung under the steel structure, and the mobile trolley is arranged in the track frame. It can move in the track frame through rollers under the traction of the cylinder; and the cylinder has a built-in displacement sensor.

[0019] Furthermore, the second sealing part includes sealing ring 1, sealing ring 2, a flexible sealing ring and a pressure ring; sealing ring 1 is fixed below the upper guide sleeve, and the outer side of sealing ring 1 is a spherical surface; sealing ring 2 is fixed above the lower guide sleeve 41 and the inner surface of sealing ring 2 is a conical surface, and the flexible sealing ring is fixed above sealing ring 2 by compacting it with a pressure ring. When the second sealing part is sealed, a double seal of spherical cone and flexibility is formed.

[0020] Furthermore, the third sealing part includes a port, an adjusting nut, a second spring, a spring rod, a sealing spring plate, a sealing knife edge ring, a flexible sealing ring, a chain ring, a double nut, a loosening nut and a furnace ring; the upper part of the port is connected to the lower guide sleeve through a flange, and a plurality of cylindrical cylinders are evenly arranged on the outside of the port, and the upper part of the cylindrical cylinder is threaded, and the adjusting nut is connected with the thread of the cylindrical cylinder; the spring rod, the adjusting nut, the second spring and the double nut constitute a spring buffer as a whole, and the spring buffer as a whole can adjust the elastic force by controlling the spring length through the adjusting nut.

[0021] Furthermore, the spring rod includes an upper spring rod and a lower spring rod, and the diameter of the lower spring rod is larger than that of the upper spring rod. The upper spring rod is provided with a thread on the outside, and the second spring is sleeved on the upper spring rod, and the second spring is supported by the lower spring rod. The upper spring rod of the spring rod passes through the hole in the middle of the adjusting nut and is fixed by a double nut.

[0022] Furthermore, the flexible sealing ring is fixed to the outside of the sealing knife edge ring, the inner side of the sealing spring plate is fixed to the port, and the outer side of the sealing spring plate is fixed to the sealing knife edge ring; the chain ring is fixed to the lower end of the port and is evenly arranged to form a curtain shape, the furnace ring is installed on the outside of the furnace hole, and the upper surface is processed and ensured to be flush with the furnace hole.

[0023] Furthermore, the flexible sealing ring is provided with multiple layers and is made of high temperature resistant and wear resistant materials.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for using a multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car, comprising:

[0025] The coal loading car moves to the coal loading chamber so that the port is concentric with the furnace hole;

[0026] The piston rod of the oil cylinder extends, pushing the mobile trolley to move vertically downward in the track frame. The lifting arm moves downward with the mobile trolley, and the lifting arm drives the lower guide sleeve, and the lower guide sleeve drives the third sealing part to move downward at the same time.

[0027] The flexible sealing ring of the third sealing part first contacts the compression furnace ring, and the sealing knife edge ring then contacts the furnace ring and compresses the spring rod until the second spring and the sealing spring plate generate elastic force to press the sealing knife edge ring;

[0028] The bellows compensator of the first sealing part stretches as the upper guide sleeve moves, and the spring is compressed and provides reverse tension;

[0029] The second conical surface of the sealing ring of the second sealing part and the first spherical surface of the sealing ring are tightly fitted under the tension of the spring, and the flexible sealing ring compensates for the fitting gap;

[0030] The chain ring extends into the furnace hole to compensate for horizontal alignment errors, and the buffer structure composed of the spring rod and the adjusting nut compensates for vertical deflection;

[0031] After the coal is loaded, the oil cylinder is reset and enters the next working cycle.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] 1. A stainless steel bellows compensator is used to seal the fixed sleeve and the upper guide sleeve. It is resistant to high temperature and corrosion, maintains dynamic gap sealing for a long time, and reduces maintenance frequency. The internal regulating valves of the No. 1 and No. 2 flues can balance the suction of the two flues.

[0034] 2. A rigid and flexible composite seal is used between the upper and lower guide sleeves and tension is applied to ensure sufficient sealing force to solve the problem of smoke;

[0035] 3. The lower guide sleeve drive adopts a swingable structure, which can dynamically adapt to the deviation of the furnace top and solve the problems of smoke and coal spraying;

[0036] 4. Set up a stop frame to prevent the lower guide sleeve from swinging severely, causing tilting, blocking, or poor sealing and smoking;

[0037] 5. The sealing knife edge ring and the flexible sealing ring are double-layer sealed inside and outside the furnace ring respectively. The composite seal improves the sealing effect and solves the problems of smoke and coal spraying;

[0038] 6. The sealing knife edge ring and the flexible sealing ring are double-sealed inside and outside the furnace ring respectively. The inner sealing knife edge ring is made of high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel to isolate the heat source and prevent damage to the flexible sealing ring, thereby greatly extending the service life, solving the problems of smoke and coal spraying, and reducing maintenance frequency;

[0039] 7. Set the anti-loosening nut on the adjusting nut to prevent loosening and affect the seal, thus reducing the maintenance frequency;

[0040] 8. The chain rings are tightly arranged at the lower end of the port, which can be extended into the furnace hole. The flexible seal reduces the gap between the port and the furnace hole, which can block coal and smoke. The material is resistant to high temperature and corrosion and has a long service life.

[0041] To sum up, the present invention adopts new technologies such as upper guide sleeve bellows seal, upper and lower guide sleeve spherical and flexible composite seal, lower guide sleeve knife edge and flexible composite seal, dynamic adaptation to furnace top deviation, etc., which effectively solve the problems of unorganized emission pollution caused by seal failure during coal loading, explosion risk caused by high-temperature flue gas overflow, manual cleaning of coal powder spraying, frequent maintenance and replacement, etc.; eliminate safety hazards, improve dust removal efficiency, improve the environment, and reduce the labor intensity of operators. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the guide sleeve device of the present invention in the initial state;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the guide sleeve device of the present invention in working state;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a top view of the lower guide sleeve assembly of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a side view of the lower guide sleeve assembly of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the third sealing portion of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the third sealing part of the present invention.

[0049] 8. Grinding wheel; 9. Grinding wheel; 10. Grinding wheel; 11. Grinding wheel; 12. Grinding wheel; 13. Grinding wheel; 14. Grinding wheel; 15. Grinding wheel; 16. Grinding wheel; 17. Grinding wheel; 18. Grinding wheel; 19. Grinding wheel; 20. Grinding wheel; 21. Grinding wheel; 22. Grinding wheel; 23. Grinding wheel; 24. Grinding wheel; 25. Grinding wheel; 26. Grinding wheel; 27. Grinding wheel; 28. Grinding wheel; 29. ​​Grinding wheel; 30. Grinding wheel; 31. Grinding wheel; 32. Grinding wheel; 33. Grinding wheel; 34. Grinding wheel; 35. Grinding wheel; 36. Grinding wheel; 37. Grinding wheel; 38. Grinding wheel; 39. Grinding wheel; 40. Grinding wheel; 41. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual proportional relationships. The technology, methods and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments can have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0055] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below their position devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0056] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] like Figure 1-6As shown, a multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car mainly includes a fixed sleeve 1, an upper guide sleeve 2, a first sealing part 3, a lower guide sleeve assembly 4, a lower guide sleeve driving part 5, a second sealing part 6 and a third sealing part 7.

[0058] The upper portion of the fixed sleeve 1 is connected to the screw feeder 8 of the coal charging car and remains in a fixed position during the coal loading operation.

[0059] The first sealing portion 3 comprises a bellows compensator 31, a pin 32, and a spring 33. The bellows compensator 31 is connected to the fixed sleeve 1 at its top and to the outer side of the upper guide sleeve 2 at its bottom. The bellows compensator 31 seals the dynamic clearance between the fixed sleeve 1 and the upper guide sleeve 2, preventing smoke. Spring 33 is installed in the cylindrical cavity of the upper guide sleeve 2 via pin 32. When the upper guide sleeve 2 descends, it compresses spring 33, providing an upward reaction force for the upper guide sleeve 2.

[0060] The lower guide sleeve assembly 4 comprises a lower guide sleeve 41, connecting shaft 1 42, spherical bearing 43, annular hanger 44, a bearing seat 45, connecting shaft 2 46, and a retaining bracket 47. The spherical bearing 43 is mounted within the bearing seat 45. Four spherical bearings 43 and four bearing seats 45 are arranged at four equal points on the annular hanger 44. The lower guide sleeve 41 is secured to the annular hanger 44 via connecting shaft 1 42, spherical bearing 43, and bearing seat 45, allowing the lower guide sleeve 41 to swing and dynamically adapt to furnace roof deviations. The retaining bracket 47, which engages the lifting arm 54 and maintains a certain distance from the annular hanger 44, limits the swing range of the lower guide sleeve 41, enabling dynamic adaptation to furnace roof deviations while preventing excessive shaking that could cause tilting, jamming, or poor sealing and smoke generation.

[0061] The lower guide sleeve drive unit 5 includes a track frame 51, a cylinder 52, a trolley 53, and a lifting arm 54. The cylinder 52 has a built-in displacement sensor that intelligently detects and memorizes the stroke the piston rod of each carbonization chamber should extend. The left side of the lifting arm 54 is connected to the ring hanger 44 via a bearing seat 45, a spherical bearing 43, and a connecting shaft 46, and the right side is connected to the trolley 53. The track frame 51 is suspended below the steel structure 9. The trolley 53 is set within the track frame 51 and can move within the track frame 51 via rollers under the traction of the cylinder 52.

[0062] The second sealing portion 6 includes a sealing ring 1 61, a sealing ring 2 62, a flexible sealing ring 63 and a pressure ring 64. The sealing ring 1 61 is fixed below the upper guide sleeve 2.

[0063] Furthermore, the outer side of the sealing ring 1 61 is a spherical surface, the sealing ring 2 62 is fixed above the lower guide sleeve 41, the inner surface of the sealing ring 2 62 is a conical surface, and the flexible sealing ring 63 is compacted and fixed above the sealing ring 2 62 by the pressure ring 64. When the second sealing part 6 is sealed, a spherical cone and flexible double seal is formed.

[0064] The third sealing portion 7 comprises a port 71, an adjusting nut 72, a second spring 73, a spring rod 74, a sealing spring plate 75, a sealing knife edge ring 76, a flexible sealing ring 77, a chain ring 78, a double nut 79, a loosening nut 710, and a furnace ring 711. The upper portion of the port 71 is flange-connected to the lower guide sleeve 41, and multiple cylindrical tubes are evenly arranged on the outer side. The upper portions of the cylindrical tubes are threaded, and the adjusting nut 72 engages with the inner threads of the cylindrical tubes, allowing for position adjustment within a certain range. Spring rod 74 consists of two parts: the lower part has a larger diameter, while the upper part is smaller and threaded. Spring 2 73 fits over the upper part of spring rod 74. The lower part supports spring 2 73. The upper part of spring rod 74 passes through the hole in the center of adjusting nut 72 and is secured by double nut 79. Together, spring rod 74, adjusting nut 72, spring 2 73, and double nut 79 form a spring buffer. Adjusting nut 72 controls the spring length and elasticity of the buffer. Once the adjusting nut 72 is properly adjusted, locknut 710 tightens to prevent the adjusting nut 72 from loosening. A flexible sealing ring 77 is secured to the outside of sealing blade ring 76. The sealing spring plate 75 is secured to port 71 on the inside and to sealing blade ring 76 on the outside. Flexible sealing ring 77 can be configured in multiple layers as needed and is made of high-temperature and wear-resistant material. The height of the flexible sealing ring 77 can be adjusted as needed. Chain rings 78 are secured to the lower end of port 71 and are evenly arranged to form a curtain-like structure. The furnace ring 711 is installed on the outside of the furnace hole 10, and the upper surface is processed and ensured to be flush with the furnace hole 10.

[0065] like Figure 1 、 5 As shown, in the initial state, the piston rod of cylinder 52 is not extended, bellows compensator 31 is in a pre-compressed state, spring 1 32 is in a compressed state, sealing spring plate 75 is in a naturally horizontal state, and flexible sealing ring 77 is uncompressed. Adjusting nut 72 is adjusted to ensure a certain preload force on spring 2 73, locking locknut 710, and adjusting double nut 79 to ensure that the upper portion of sealing knife edge ring 76 is in contact with the lower portion of spring rod 74. During installation, the fixed sleeve 1, bellows compensator 31, upper guide sleeve 2, lower guide sleeve 41, port 71, and sealing knife edge ring 76 must be aligned concentrically within the design requirements. The concentricity of furnace ring 711 and furnace hole 10 must also be within the design requirements.

[0066] A method for using a multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car can realize full automatic operation, unit step operation and manual operation. The specific operation method is:

[0067] like Figure 1 、 5As shown, the coal-charging car moves to the coalification chamber where it is about to be loaded, and the port 71 is concentric with the furnace hole 10. A multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-charging coal car starts to work, and the piston rod of the cylinder 52 extends, pushing the mobile trolley 53 to move vertically downward in the track frame 51. The lifting arm 54 moves downward with the mobile trolley 53, and the lifting arm 54 drives the lower guide sleeve 41, and the lower guide sleeve 41 drives the third sealing part 7 to move downward at the same time. The cylinder 52 has a built-in displacement sensor and stops until the required stroke is reached.

[0068] The first sealing portion 3, bellows compensator 31, is made of stainless steel, which is heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant. It provides a long-term seal for the dynamic gap between the fixed sleeve 1 and the upper guide sleeve 2, preventing smoke during coal loading. As the oil cylinder 52 operates, the bellows compensator 31 stretches, further compressing spring 1 32, which, through reaction force, provides upward tension for the upper guide sleeve 2.

[0069] As the lower guide sleeve 41 descends, the conical surface of the second sealing ring 62 of the second sealing portion 6 aligns with the spherical surface of the first sealing ring 61. The flexible sealing ring 63 compensates for any loose seal between the conical surface of the second sealing ring 62 and the spherical surface of the first sealing ring 61. The reaction force of the first spring 32 creates an upward pull on the upper guide sleeve 2, further tightening the second sealing ring 62 and the first sealing ring 61. The combination of soft and hard seals, combined with the tension, ensures sufficient sealing force to withstand the positive pressure impact of smoke and dust.

[0070] The third sealing part 7, first the flexible sealing ring 77 contacts and is compressed with the furnace ring 711 to form a soft seal on the outer ring; then the lower part of the sealing knife edge ring 76 contacts with the furnace ring 711, and continues to be compressed, and the lower end face of the spring rod 74 contacts with the upper part of the sealing knife edge ring 76 until the lower part of the spring rod 74 is completely retracted into the cylindrical tube of the port 71, and the deformation of the spring 2 73 and the sealing spring plate 75 generates elastic force to press the lower part of the sealing knife edge ring 76 against the furnace ring 711, and the flexible sealing ring 77 and the sealing knife edge ring 76 are pressed against the furnace ring 711 at the same time, and the soft and hard combination seal prevents smoke and coal spraying.

[0071] The lower end of port 71 extends into furnace hole 10, while chain ring 78 simultaneously extends into furnace hole 10, flexibly blocking the gap between port 71 and furnace hole 10. This not only compensates for a certain amount of horizontal alignment error and furnace deformation, but also prevents smoke and coal spraying from the gap. The multiple spring buffers, consisting of spring rod 74, adjustment nut 72, spring 2 73, and release nut 710, are evenly distributed in a circular pattern. Each spring buffer is independently adjustable, and together with the coal loading guide sleeve, they can compensate for a certain amount of furnace deformation and grate deflection in the vertical direction. At this point, the coal loading operation begins and ends, and cylinder 52 returns to its initial position, entering the next working cycle.

[0072] Preferably, a stainless steel corrugated compensator is used to seal between the fixed sleeve 1 and the upper guide sleeve 2, which is resistant to high temperature and corrosion, maintains dynamic gap sealing for a long time, and reduces maintenance frequency;

[0073] Preferably, a rigid and flexible composite seal is used between the upper and lower guide sleeves and a tensioning force is added to ensure sufficient sealing force to solve the problem of smoke;

[0074] Preferably, the lower guide sleeve driving part 5 adopts a swingable structure, which can dynamically adapt to the deviation of the furnace top and solve the problems of smoke and coal spraying;

[0075] Preferably, a retaining frame 47 is provided to prevent the lower guide sleeve 41 from swinging severely and causing tilting, blocking or poor sealing and smoking;

[0076] Preferably, the elastic forces of the spring rod 74 and the sealing spring plate 75 act together on the sealing knife edge ring 76, thereby ensuring a sufficiently large sealing force to resist the positive pressure impact of smoke and dust.

[0077] Preferably, the sealing knife edge ring 76 and the flexible sealing ring 77 are double-sealed inside and outside the furnace ring 711 respectively, and the composite seal improves the sealing effect. The inner sealing knife edge ring 76 is made of high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel to isolate the heat source and prevent damage to the flexible sealing ring, thereby greatly extending the service life, solving the problems of smoke and coal spraying, and reducing the maintenance frequency;

[0078] Preferably, the adjusting nut 72 is provided with a locking nut 710 to prevent loosening from affecting the seal and reducing the maintenance frequency;

[0079] Preferably, a chain ring 78 is provided at the lower end of the port 71, which can be extended into the furnace hole. The flexible seal reduces the gap between the port 71 and the furnace hole, which can block coal and smoke. In addition, the material is resistant to high temperature and corrosion and has a long service life.

[0080] It is used in the Yongfeng 7.6-meter coal loading car and Xinyu Steel 6-meter coal loading car renovation projects, and will be extended to new smokeless coal loading car projects and existing market renovation projects in the future.

[0081] Applied in the Yongfeng 7.6-meter coal-loading car and Xinyu Steel 6-meter coal-loading car renovation projects, a multi-stage composite seal guide sleeve and its use method for top-loading coal-loading cars utilizes new technologies, including an upper guide sleeve bellows seal, upper and lower guide sleeve spherical and flexible composite seals, a lower guide sleeve knife-edge and flexible composite seal, and dynamic adaptation to furnace roof deviations. This effectively addresses issues such as seal failure and unorganized emissions during coal loading, explosion risks caused by high-temperature flue gas overflow, the need for manual cleaning of pulverized coal, and frequent maintenance and replacement. This eliminates safety hazards, improves dust removal efficiency, improves the environment, and reduces operator workload. This enhances the company's product competitiveness amidst increasingly stringent environmental requirements.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car, characterized in that: It comprises a fixed sleeve (1), an upper guide sleeve (2), a first sealing portion (3), a lower guide sleeve assembly (4), a lower guide sleeve driving portion (5), a second sealing portion (6) and a third sealing portion (7); The upper portion of the fixed sleeve (1) is connected to the screw feeder (8) of the coal loading car, and the upper guide sleeve (2) that can be lifted and lowered is sleeved on the outer side of the fixed sleeve (1) and dynamically seals the gap between the fixed sleeve (1) and the upper guide sleeve (2) through the first sealing portion (3); the lower guide sleeve assembly (4) is hinged to the ring hanger (44) through a swing connection structure, and the swing connection structure includes a plurality of joint bearings (43) and bearing seats (45), so that the lower guide sleeve (41) can adaptively adjust the swing angle, and the swing amplitude is limited by the stop frame (47); The lower guide sleeve driving part (5) comprises a track frame (51), an oil cylinder (52) and a lifting arm (54). The oil cylinder (52) controls the piston stroke through a displacement sensor to drive the lifting arm (54) to drive the lower guide sleeve (41) to move up and down. The second sealing part (6) is arranged between the upper guide sleeve (2) and the lower guide sleeve (41), and comprises a sealing ring structure with a spherical surface and a conical surface matched and a compacted flexible sealing ring (63) to form a double seal. The third sealing part (7) is arranged between the lower guide sleeve (41) and the furnace hole, and comprises an adjustable spring buffer component, a multi-layer flexible sealing ring (77) and a chain ring (78). The spring buffer component is adjusted in elastic force and locked by an adjusting nut (72). The flexible sealing ring (77) is attached to the surface of the furnace ring (711), and the chain ring (78) forms a curtain-type seal.

2. The multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first sealing portion (3) includes a bellows compensator (31), a pin shaft (32), and a spring (33). The upper portion of the bellows compensator (31) is connected to the fixed sleeve (1), and the lower portion is connected to the outer side of the upper guide sleeve (2). The bellows compensator (31) seals the dynamic gap between the fixed sleeve (1) and the upper guide sleeve (2). The spring (33) is installed in the columnar cavity on the upper guide sleeve (2) through the pin shaft (32). When the upper guide sleeve (2) descends, the spring (33) is compressed, thereby providing an upward reaction force for the upper guide sleeve (2).

3. The multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower guide sleeve assembly (4) comprises a lower guide sleeve (41), a connecting shaft (42), a joint bearing (43), a ring hanger (44), a bearing seat (45), a connecting shaft (46) and a retaining frame (47); the joint bearing (43) is installed in the bearing seat (45), and there are four joint bearings (43) and bearing seats (45), which are respectively arranged at the four equal points of the ring hanger (44); the lower guide sleeve (41) is fixedly connected to the ring hanger (44) through the connecting shaft (42), the joint bearing (43) and the bearing seat (45), so that the lower guide sleeve (41) swings and dynamically adapts to the furnace top deviation; the retaining frame (47) is engaged with the lower guide sleeve driving part (5) and keeps a distance from the ring hanger (44) to limit the swing amplitude of the lower guide sleeve (41).

4. The multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The lower guide sleeve driving part (5) comprises a track frame (51), an oil cylinder (52), a mobile trolley (53) and a lifting arm (54); the left side of the lifting arm (54) is connected to the ring hanger (44) through a bearing seat (45), a joint bearing (43) and a second connecting shaft (46); the right side of the lifting arm (54) is connected to the mobile trolley (53); the track frame (51) is hung below the steel structure, and the mobile trolley (53) is arranged in the track frame (51) and can move in the track frame (51) through rollers under the traction of the oil cylinder (52); and the oil cylinder (52) has a built-in displacement sensor.

5. The multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The second sealing portion (6) comprises a sealing ring 1 (61), a sealing ring 2 (62), a flexible sealing ring (63) and a pressure ring (64); the sealing ring 1 (61) is fixed below the upper guide sleeve (2), and the outer side of the sealing ring 1 (61) is a spherical surface; the sealing ring 2 (62) is fixed above the lower guide sleeve (41), and the inner side of the sealing ring 2 (62) is a conical surface; the flexible sealing ring (63) is fixed above the sealing ring 2 (62) by being compacted by the pressure ring (64); when the second sealing portion (6) is sealed, a spherical-conical and flexible double seal is formed.

6. The multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The third sealing part (7) comprises a port (71), an adjusting nut (72), a second spring (73), a spring rod (74), a sealing spring plate (75), a sealing knife edge ring (76), a flexible sealing ring (77), a chain ring (78), a double nut (79), a loosening nut (710) and a furnace ring (711); the upper part of the port (71) is connected to the lower guide sleeve (41) through a flange, a plurality of columnar tubes are evenly arranged on the outer side of the port (71), and the upper part of the columnar tube is threaded, and the adjusting nut (72) is connected to the thread of the columnar tube; the spring rod (74), the adjusting nut (72), the second spring (73) and the double nut (79) constitute a spring buffer whole, and the spring buffer whole can adjust the elastic force by controlling the spring length through the adjusting nut (72).

7. The multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spring rod (74) includes an upper spring rod (74) and a lower spring rod (74), and the diameter of the lower spring rod (74) is larger than that of the upper spring rod (74). The upper spring rod (74) is provided with a thread. The second spring (73) is sleeved on the upper spring rod (74) and the second spring (73) is supported by the lower spring rod (74). The upper spring rod (74) of the spring rod (74) passes through the hole in the middle of the adjusting nut (72) and is fixed by a double nut (79).

8. The multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flexible sealing ring (77) is fixed on the outside of the sealing knife edge ring (76), the inner side of the sealing spring plate (75) is fixed to the port (71), and the outer side of the sealing spring plate (75) is fixed to the sealing knife edge ring (76); the chain ring (78) is fixed to the lower end of the port (71) and is evenly arranged to form a curtain shape. The furnace ring (711) is installed on the outside of the furnace hole, and the upper surface is processed and ensured to be flush with the furnace hole.

9. The multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car according to claim 8, characterized in that: The flexible sealing ring (77) is provided with multiple layers and is made of high temperature resistant and wear resistant material.

10. A method for using a multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car, which is implemented based on the multi-stage composite sealing guide sleeve device for a top-loading coal car according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized in that: include: The coal loading car moves to the coal loading chamber so that the port (71) is concentric with the furnace hole; The piston rod of the oil cylinder (52) extends, pushing the moving trolley (53) to move vertically downward in the track frame (51), and the lifting arm (54) moves downward along with the moving trolley (53). The lifting arm (54) drives the lower guide sleeve (41), and the lower guide sleeve (41) drives the third sealing part (7) to move downward at the same time. The flexible sealing ring (77) of the third sealing part (7) first contacts the compression furnace ring (711), and the sealing knife edge ring (76) then contacts the furnace ring (711) and compresses the spring rod (74) until the second spring (73) and the sealing spring plate (75) generate elastic force to press the sealing knife edge ring (76); The corrugated compensator (31) of the first sealing part (3) is displaced and stretched along with the upper guide sleeve (2), and the spring 1 (33) is compressed and provides reverse tension; The conical surface of the sealing ring 2 (62) of the second sealing portion (6) and the spherical surface of the sealing ring 1 (61) are tightly fitted under the tension of the spring 1 (33), and the flexible sealing ring (63) compensates for the fitting gap; The chain ring (78) extends into the furnace hole to compensate for the horizontal alignment error, and the buffer structure composed of the spring rod (74) and the adjustment nut (72) compensates for the vertical deflection; After the coal loading is completed, the oil cylinder (52) is reset and enters the next working cycle.

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