Hydraulic oscillation tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic oscillation tool which comprises an oscillation system (1) and a turbine power system (2), and the turbine power system (2) comprises a turbine set and a pulse throttling mechanism; the turbine set drives the pulse throttling mechanism to generate periodic square wave pressure pulses, and the periodic square wave pressure pulses are transmitted to the vibration system (1) to drive an underground drill column to vibrate in the axial direction. The rated rotating speed of the tool turbine can be configured to be 1600-2000 revolutions, the corresponding pressure pulse and the tool vibration frequency are 4-5 Hz, the tool vibration frequency is greatly reduced, the tool vibration impact force is increased, and the problem that the vibration impact force is insufficient due to the fact that an existing turbine structure hydraulic oscillator is high in frequency is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of oil and natural gas drilling, and in particular to a hydraulic oscillation tool. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread application of extended reach wells and horizontal wells, during the drilling process, the friction generated by the contact between the drill bit and the well wall increases with the increase of well inclination angle and horizontal section length, resulting in the inability to apply drilling pressure to the drill bit, affecting the mechanical drilling speed and downhole safety.

[0003] Hydraulic oscillators are currently an effective means to solve the problems of high friction and support pressure in horizontal wells. This type of tool converts the liquid energy of the drilling fluid into vibration mechanical energy, driving the axial vibration of the downhole drill string, thereby reducing the friction between the drill string and the well wall.

[0004] Existing hydraulic oscillators are primarily classified into two types: a screw-powered structure, which utilizes a single-head screw motor to drive a rotary valve. This shift in flow between the rotary valve and the fixed valve creates periodic pressure fluctuations. A turbine-powered structure, on the other hand, utilizes a turbine assembly to drive the rotary valve, causing relative rotation between the rotary valve and the fixed valve, generating periodic pressure fluctuations. These pressure fluctuations are then transmitted to an upper vibration mechanism, driving the drill string to produce axial vibrations of a certain frequency and vibration, thereby reducing friction between the wellbore wall and the drill string and preventing the occurrence of pressure buildup. Both types of tools have achieved certain results in field applications, but the screw-powered structure has high pressure loss and internal rubber components, making it unsuitable for long horizontal sections, oil-based drilling fluids, and high temperatures. Turbine-powered structures, on the other hand, feature high rotational speeds, high pressure pulse frequencies, short pressure fluctuation durations, and low vibration impact, resulting in less pronounced vibration drag reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a hydraulic oscillation tool to solve the problem of insufficient vibration impact force caused by high frequency of existing turbine structure hydraulic oscillators.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a technical solution: the hydraulic oscillation tool comprises a vibration system and a turbine power system, wherein the turbine power system comprises: Turbine group and pulse throttling mechanism; The turbine group drives the pulse throttling mechanism to generate periodic square wave pressure pulses, and the periodic square wave pressure pulses are transmitted to the vibration system to drive the downhole drill string to vibrate axially.

[0007] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the pulse throttling mechanism includes: Slider, screw shaft and throttling pulse head; The spiral shaft is provided with two spiral grooves with the same pitch and opposite rotation directions; the throttling pulse head is provided with an axial guide groove; The slider is connected to the throttling pulse head, and the turbine group drives the screw shaft to rotate. Under the constraint of the axial guide groove, the screw shaft pushes the slider placed in the spiral groove to drive the throttling pulse head to perform axial reciprocating motion in the drilling fluid flow channel; A throttling structure is arranged in the drilling fluid flow channel. The axial reciprocating motion of the throttling pulse head, combined with the throttling structure, forms a periodic change in the flow area of ​​the drilling fluid, thereby generating the periodic square wave pressure pulse.

[0008] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the turbine assembly and the pulse throttling mechanism are installed in a power housing, and a guide sleeve is further configured in the power housing; The guide sleeve is provided with a drilling fluid channel, and the drilling fluid channel and the through-path channel of the power housing form the drilling fluid flow channel; The guide sleeve is connected to a guide pin, and the guide pin and the axial guide groove constrain the circumferential rotation of the throttling pulse head.

[0009] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the turbine assembly includes: The power shaft, the centering bearing, the turbine stator and rotor, and the thrust bearing are sequentially sleeved onto the power shaft in order of quantity. The spiral shaft is threadedly connected to the power shaft, and the shoulder of the spiral shaft presses the lower end surface of the thrust bearing.

[0010] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, under a certain condition of the turbine stator and rotor speed, the pressure pulse frequency of the throttling pulse head is adjusted by controlling the pitch and number of turns of the spiral groove of the spiral shaft; The size of the pressure pulse is adjusted by controlling the gap between the throttling pulse head and the throttling structure to be small.

[0011] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the power housing is composed of a power upper housing and a power lower housing threadedly connected.

[0012] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the vibration system includes: A vibration shaft is provided with a piston mechanism and a spring. The periodic square wave pressure pulse acts on the piston mechanism, and the piston mechanism compresses the spring to drive the vibration shaft to extend and retract periodically, thereby driving the downhole drill string to vibrate axially.

[0013] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the piston mechanism is a sealing assembly.

[0014] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the spring is mounted on the vibration shaft, the lower end of the vibration shaft is threadedly connected to the connecting shaft, and the above assembly is installed in a vibration housing, and the vibration housing is connected to the vibration shaft through a spline structure; The sealing assembly is installed from the lower end of the vibration housing and fixed to the lower end of the connecting shaft through a locking nut. The vibration housing is threadedly connected to the power housing.

[0015] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the spring is a disc spring, a groove is provided on the vibration shaft, an anti-drop ring is installed on the vibration shaft through the groove, and the disc spring is fixed by the anti-drop ring.

[0016] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects: The turbine hydraulic oscillation tool disclosed in the present invention converts the circumferential rotation of the turbine group into axial reciprocating motion through a special pulse throttling mechanism. The pulse throttling mechanism includes a spiral shaft and a throttling pulse head. The spiral groove of the spiral shaft is configured as two double helical structures with the same pitch and opposite rotation direction. Each pitch is equal to 2 leads. When the turbine rotates 4 times, the throttling pulse head moves back and forth once, forming a pressure pulse with a square wave waveform. Under the action of the square wave pressure pulse, the vibration mechanism of the tool is further driven to drive the downhole drill string to vibrate axially. The rated speed of the turbine of the tool disclosed in the present invention can be configured to 1600-2000 rpm, and the corresponding pressure pulse and tool vibration frequency are 4-5Hz, which greatly reduces the vibration frequency of the tool, thereby increasing the vibration impact force of the tool, effectively solving the problem of insufficient vibration impact force caused by the high frequency of the hydraulic oscillator of the existing turbine structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic oscillation tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a turbine power system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure principle of the pulse throttling mechanism according to the embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the spiral shaft structure of the embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide sleeve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a throttling pulse head according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 8is a square wave pressure pulse generated by the pulse throttling mechanism of the disclosed embodiment; In the figure: 1-vibration system, 2-turbine power system, 3-vibration shaft, 4-spline joint, 5-anti-drop ring, 6-vibration housing, 7-spring, 8-connecting shaft, 9-seal assembly, 10-locking nut, 11-power upper housing, 12-centering bearing, 13-power shaft, 14-turbine stator and rotor, 15-thrust bearing, 16-guide slider, 17-screw shaft, 18-guide sleeve, 19-guide pin, 20-throttle pulse head, 21-power lower housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present disclosure is described below based on embodiments, but it is worth noting that the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. In the detailed description of the present disclosure below, some specific details are described in detail. However, for the parts not described in detail, those skilled in the art can also fully understand the present disclosure.

[0019] In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings provided are only for the purpose of illustrating the purpose, features and advantages of the present disclosure and are not drawn to scale. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting this application.

[0020] At the same time, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, words such as "include", "comprising" and the like throughout the specification and claims should be interpreted as inclusive rather than exclusive or exhaustive; that is, as "including but not limited to".

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic oscillation tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 1 As shown: the hydraulic oscillation tool consists of a vibration system 1 and a turbine power system 2.

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the vibration system structure of the embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 As shown, the vibration system 1 includes a vibration shaft 3, a spline joint 4, an anti-drop ring 5, a vibration shell 6, a spring 7, a connecting shaft 8, a sealing assembly 9 and a locking nut 10.

[0023] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the assembly process of the components in the vibration system 1 is as follows: Insert the spline joint 4 onto the vibration shaft 3, fit the male spline on the vibration shaft 3 into the female spline of the spline joint 4, install the anti-drop ring 5 into the groove of the vibration shaft 3, and fix it on the outside of the anti-drop ring 5 with wire, install the disc-shaped spring 7 into the vibration shaft 3 in a combined arrangement, screw the connecting shaft 8 into the threaded connection at the lower end of the vibration shaft 3, install the assembled part into the vibration housing 6, and then install the sealing assembly 9 from the lower end of the vibration housing 6, and connect the locking nut 10 to the thread at the lower end of the connecting shaft 8 through a thread.

[0024] In the vibration system 1 of this embodiment, the sealing assembly 9 is equivalent to a piston. Under the action of periodic pulse pressure, the piston cooperates with the disc-shaped spring 7 to drive the vibration shaft 3 to perform periodic reciprocating motion, further driving the downhole drill string to perform axial vibration.

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a turbine power system 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 As shown, the turbine power system 2 includes a power upper casing 11, a centering bearing 12, a power shaft 13, a turbine stator and rotor 14, a thrust bearing 15, a guide slider 16, a screw shaft 17, a guide sleeve 18, a guide pin 19, a throttling pulse head 20 and a power lower casing 21.

[0026] The assembly process of assembling the above components into the turbine power system 2 is as follows: Insert the straightening bearing 12, turbine stator and rotor 14, and thrust bearing 15 into the power shaft 13 in order according to quantity, thread the spiral shaft 17 to the power shaft 13, and press the shoulder of the spiral shaft 17 against the lower end face of the thrust bearing 15. Insert the guide slider 16 into the spiral groove of the spiral shaft 17, insert the throttling pulse head 20 into the inner hole of the guide sleeve 18, exposing the guide threaded hole of the throttling pulse head 20, insert the throttling pulse head 20 into the spiral shaft 17, and connect and fix the guide slider 16 and the corresponding threaded holes of the throttling pulse head 20 with screws. Rotate the throttling pulse head 20 to match its axial guide groove with the threaded hole of the guide sleeve 18, screw in the guide pin 19, and install the upper part of the assembled components into the power upper casing 11, and install the lower part of the assembled components into the power lower casing 21. The guide sleeve 18 sits in the power lower casing 21, and the power upper casing 11 is threadedly connected to the power lower casing 21.

[0027] The assembled vibration system 1 and turbine power system 2 are connected by threading the vibration housing 6 and the power upper housing 11 to assemble the hydraulic oscillation tool described in this embodiment.

[0028] In the turbine power system 2 described in this embodiment, the guide slider 16, the screw shaft 17 and the throttling pulse head 20 constitute a pulse throttling mechanism, through which the circumferential rotation of the turbine group is converted into axial reciprocating motion, forming periodic square wave pressure fluctuations, and then the periodic square wave pressure fluctuations are transmitted to the vibration system 1 above, driving the drill string to generate axial vibration of a certain frequency and vibration.

[0029] In the pulse throttling mechanism, Figure 6 As shown, the flow guide sleeve 18 is provided with a drilling fluid channel; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a spiral shaft according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a throttling pulse head according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 Combine Figure 7 As shown, the spiral shaft 17 is configured with a double spiral groove, specifically a first spiral groove and a second spiral groove with the same pitch and opposite rotation direction. The pitch of each of the first spiral groove and the second spiral groove is equal to 2 leads. During operation, under the driving action of the drilling fluid, the spiral shaft 17 rotates 4 circles, and the throttling pulse head 20 moves back and forth once, forming a pressure pulse with a square wave waveform.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the pulse throttling mechanism of the embodiment of the present disclosure, combined with Figure 4 As shown: The working principle of the pulse throttling mechanism structure is: Driven by the drilling fluid, the spiral shaft 17 is driven to rotate at high speed. Since the guide slider 16 and the throttling pulse head 20 are fixed by screws, when the spiral shaft 17 rotates at high speed, the guide slider 16 slides along the double helical grooves with the same pitch and opposite rotation direction on the spiral shaft 17, while driving the throttling pulse head 20 to synchronously perform axial reciprocating movement. A necking structure is provided in the path channel of the power lower housing 21. The necking structure constitutes a throttling structure, so that the path channel of the power lower housing 21 is divided into an upper path flow channel and a necking structure. The lower channel of the drilling fluid is circulated. When the throttling pulse head 20 reciprocates axially between the upper and lower channels, the drilling fluid flow area undergoes periodic changes, thereby periodically switching the drilling fluid flow path and generating a square pressure pulse waveform. This square pressure pulse acts on the sealing assembly 9 of the vibration system 1, and together with the butterfly spring 7, drives the vibration shaft 3 to axially vibrate the downhole drill string, thereby reducing friction during horizontal well drilling and increasing the mechanical penetration rate. By designing the axial movement distance of the throttling pulse head 20 and controlling the period of the pressure pulse, the vibration frequency of the oscillation tool can be adjusted.

[0031] Furthermore, the working process of the hydraulic oscillation tool described in this embodiment is described in detail to further illustrate and reflect the beneficial effects of the tool of the present invention: The hydraulic oscillation tool described in this embodiment is lowered into the designated position as designed. When the pump is turned on for circulation, the drilling fluid flows through the tool turbine power system 2, and the turbine stator and rotor 14 drive the screw shaft 17 to rotate. During the rotation of the screw shaft 17, the guide slider 16 moves along the first spiral groove and the second spiral groove on the screw shaft 17 with the same pitch and opposite rotation direction, that is, the first spiral groove and the second spiral groove form a double spiral groove with a pitch of 2 leads. Since the guide slider 16 and the throttling pulse head 20 are fixed by screws, the guide slider 16 further drives the throttling pulse head 20 to perform a linear reciprocating motion along the axial guide groove; when the throttling pulse head 20 moves to the uppermost position, the lower end of the throttling pulse head 20 The pulse head leaves the lower path flow channel of the power lower housing 21, the circulation channel is opened, and the drilling fluid flows from the space between the throttling pulse head 20 and the upper path flow channel of the power lower housing 21 into the lower path flow channel of the power lower housing 21. At this time, the guide slider 16 enters another spiral groove of the screw shaft 17. As the screw shaft 17 rotates, the guide slider 16 drives the throttling pulse head 20 to move downward. When it moves to the lowest point, the pulse head at the lower end of the throttling pulse head 20 enters the lower path flow channel of the power lower housing 21, and the drilling fluid flows out from the gap between the throttling pulse head 20 and the lower channel of the power lower housing 21. Due to the small gap, pressure is formed, and the pressure rises to the maximum and remains unchanged for a period of time. Figure 4 shown.

[0032] The periodic reciprocating linear motion of the throttling pulse head 20 forms a periodic change in the drilling fluid flow channel, generating a pressure pulse that is approximately a square wave, such as Figure 8 The size of the pressure pulse can be controlled by the size of the gap between the throttle pulse head 20 and the lower channel of the power lower housing 21.

[0033] Under constant turbine rotor and stator speed conditions, the frequency of pressure pulses generated by the throttle pulse head 20 can be controlled by designing different pitches and turns of the spiral shaft 17. These pressure pulses act on the upper vibration system 1, compressing the spring 7 through the seal assembly 9, causing the vibration shaft 3 to extend and retract, generating axial vibration. This in turn drives axial vibration of the downhole drill string, reducing friction between the drill string and the wellbore wall and increasing the mechanical penetration rate.

[0034] The turbine hydraulic oscillation tool of the disclosed embodiment is innovatively designed, and the circumferential rotation of the turbine group is converted into axial reciprocating motion through the pulse throttling mechanism in the tool. The spiral shaft 17 has a double spiral groove with the same pitch and opposite rotation direction, and each pitch has 2 leads. The turbine rotates 4 times, and the throttling pulse head 20 moves back and forth once to form a square wave pressure pulse. By designing the corresponding pitch and spiral length, and the size of the gap between the throttling pulse head 20 and the lower channel of the power lower shell 21, it has been measured that the rated speed of the turbine of the disclosed embodiment is 1600-2000 rpm, and the pressure pulse and tool vibration frequency are 4-5Hz, which greatly reduces the tool vibration frequency, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the vibration impact force of the tool, and effectively solving the problem of insufficient vibration impact force of the current turbine structure hydraulic oscillator due to high frequency.

[0035] The above-described embodiments are merely examples of implementation methods of the present disclosure, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art may make various modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, and these modifications are all within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydraulic oscillation tool comprising a vibration system (1) and a turbine power system (2), characterized in that: The turbine power system (2) comprises: Turbine group and pulse throttling mechanism; The turbine group drives the pulse throttling mechanism to generate periodic square wave pressure pulses, and the periodic square wave pressure pulses are transmitted to the vibration system (1), driving the downhole drill string to vibrate axially.

2. The hydraulic oscillation tool according to claim 1, wherein: The pulse throttling mechanism comprises: A guide slider (16), a spiral shaft (17) and a throttling pulse head (20); The spiral shaft (17) is provided with two spiral grooves with the same pitch and opposite rotation directions; the throttling pulse head (20) is provided with an axial guide groove; The guide slider (16) is connected to the throttling pulse head (20), and the turbine group drives the spiral shaft (17) to rotate. Under the constraint of the axial guide groove, the spiral shaft (17) pushes the guide slider (16) placed in the spiral groove to drive the throttling pulse head (20) to perform axial reciprocating motion in the drilling fluid flow channel; A throttling structure is arranged in the drilling fluid flow channel, and through the axial reciprocating motion of the throttling pulse head (20), combined with the throttling structure, a periodic change in the flow area of ​​the drilling fluid is formed, thereby generating the periodic square wave pressure pulse.

3. The hydraulic oscillation tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The turbine group and the pulse throttling mechanism are installed in a power housing, and a guide sleeve (18) is also arranged in the power housing; The guide sleeve (18) is provided with a drilling fluid channel, and the drilling fluid channel and the through-path channel of the power housing form the drilling fluid flow channel; The guide sleeve (18) is connected to a guide pin (19), and the guide pin (19) and the axial guide groove constrain the circumferential rotation of the throttling pulse head (20).

4. The hydraulic oscillation tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The turbine group comprises: The power shaft (13), the centering bearing (12), the turbine stator and rotor (14) and the thrust bearing (15) are sequentially sleeved onto the power shaft (13) in accordance with the number of the components. The screw shaft (17) is threadedly connected to the power shaft (13), and the shoulder of the screw shaft (17) presses the lower end surface of the thrust bearing (15).

5. The hydraulic oscillation tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: Under a constant rotational speed condition of the turbine stator and rotor (14), the pressure pulse frequency of the throttling pulse head (20) is adjusted by controlling the pitch and number of turns of the spiral groove of the spiral shaft (17); The size of the pressure pulse is adjusted by controlling the gap between the throttling pulse head (20) and the throttling structure.

6. The hydraulic oscillation tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power housing is composed of a power upper housing (11) and a power lower housing (21) which are threadedly connected.

7. The hydraulic oscillation tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 or 6, characterized in that: The vibration system (1) comprises: A vibration shaft (3) is provided with a piston mechanism and a spring (7), wherein the periodic square wave pressure pulse acts on the piston mechanism, and the piston mechanism compresses the spring (7) to drive the vibration shaft (3) to periodically extend and retract, thereby driving the downhole drill string to perform axial vibration.

8. The hydraulic oscillation tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The piston mechanism is a sealing assembly (9).

9. The hydraulic oscillation tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The spring (7) is mounted on the vibration shaft (3), the lower end of the vibration shaft (3) is threadedly connected to the connecting shaft (8), and the above assembly is installed in the vibration housing (6), and the vibration housing (6) is connected to the vibration shaft (3) through a spline structure; The sealing assembly (9) is installed from the lower end of the vibration housing (6) and fixed to the lower end of the connecting shaft (8) via a locking nut (10). The vibration housing (6) is threadedly connected to the power housing.

10. The hydraulic oscillation tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: The spring (7) is a disc spring; A groove is provided on the vibration shaft (3), and an anti-drop ring (5) is mounted on the vibration shaft (3) through the groove, and the disc spring is fixed by the anti-drop ring (5).

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