A flip-type compressed air energy storage and power generation system and method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of energy storage and power generation technology, and particularly relates to a rotating compressed air energy storage and power generation system and method. The energy storage and power generation system includes a compression subsystem, an expansion subsystem, and an energy storage subsystem. The compression subsystem compresses air; the expansion subsystem is used to expand the gas to generate electricity; the energy storage subsystem includes a heat storage and release device, a rotating motor, a storage tank, a storage tank hose, and a second valve. The heat storage and release device includes a housing, a heat storage medium, and a coil. The rotating motor drives the heat storage and release device to rotate. The housing is sealed and hollow internally. The coil is fixedly installed at one end of the hollow cavity inside the housing. The heat storage medium is movably disposed inside the housing. The air inlet of the compression subsystem and the air outlet of the expansion subsystem are both connected to the external atmospheric environment. This invention can quickly respond to the demand for efficient energy storage / release, enhancing the control over the power supply of the power grid system during different power consumption periods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage and power generation technology, and particularly relates to a flip-type compressed air energy storage and power generation system and method. Background Technology

[0002] The mismatch between electricity generation and consumption at different times leads to power shortages and voltage insufficiency during peak hours, while excessive surplus electricity occurs during off-peak hours. Converting renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and biomass into electricity has become a common solution to alleviate power shortages. However, renewable energy generation, especially wind and solar power, is constantly changing due to environmental influences, exhibiting significant volatility, cyclicality, and uncertainty. As the installed capacity of wind and solar power continues to increase, these drawbacks are amplified, and large-scale grid connection poses unprecedented security challenges to the power grid system. Consequently, some regional power grids refuse to connect wind and solar power or restrict their power generation, resulting in the phenomena of "curtailment" of solar and wind power.

[0003] Existing technologies can achieve a stable supply of renewable energy to match load demand through compressed air energy storage and expanded air energy release.

[0004] However, existing technologies for compressed air energy storage and expanded air energy release require not only air storage tanks for storing compressed air, but also high-temperature heat storage tanks for storing high-temperature media and low-temperature heat storage tanks for storing low-temperature media. During the compression and expansion of air, multi-stage heat exchangers are also needed to recover and reuse heat. In complex and large systems, the media needs to flow through complex pipelines for multi-stage heat exchange, resulting in low energy storage / release efficiency of the entire system. Furthermore, it is impossible to respond quickly to high-efficiency energy storage / release, and the control over the power supply of the power grid system during different power consumption periods is also relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a flip-type compressed air energy storage and power generation system that can quickly respond to the demand for efficient energy storage / release and enhance the regulation of power supply during different power consumption periods of the power grid system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A reversible heat storage and release type compressed air energy storage and power generation system includes a compression subsystem, an expansion subsystem, and an energy storage subsystem. The compression subsystem compresses air; the expansion subsystem is used to expand the gas to generate electricity; the energy storage subsystem includes a heat storage and release device, a reversible motor, a storage tank, a storage tank hose, and a second valve. The heat storage and release device includes a housing, a heat storage medium, and a coil. The reversible motor drives the heat storage and release device to rotate. The housing is sealed and hollow inside. The coil is fixedly installed at one end of the hollow cavity inside the housing. The heat storage medium is movably installed inside the housing. The air outlet of the compression subsystem is connected to the first end of the coil through a first air inlet hose, and the second end of the coil is connected to the storage tank through a storage tank hose. The first end of the coil is also connected to the air inlet of the expansion subsystem through a second air outlet hose. A second valve is installed on the storage tank hose. Both the air inlet of the compression subsystem and the air outlet of the expansion subsystem are connected to the external atmospheric environment.

[0008] Preferably, the heat storage and release device further includes an electric valve fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box. The electric valve divides the cavity inside the box into two chambers, namely the first chamber and the second chamber. The coil is fixedly installed in the first chamber. When the electric valve is fully closed, the first chamber and the second chamber are not connected. When the electric valve is open, the first chamber and the second chamber are connected.

[0009] Preferably, the heat storage medium is a sensible heat storage material in granular or powdered form, or granules filled with phase change heat storage material.

[0010] Preferably, the heat storage and release device further includes a first baffle, a second baffle, and two or more connecting channels. The two ends of each connecting channel are respectively connected to the first cavity and the second cavity of the heat storage and release device. The connecting ports at both ends of the connecting channels that are connected to the first cavity and the second cavity of the heat storage and release device are respectively referred to as the first connecting port and the second connecting port. The fixed end of the second baffle is hinged to the inner wall of the second cavity near the second connecting port, and the fixed end of the first baffle is hinged to the inner wall of the first cavity on the side of the first connecting port away from the electric valve. When the first baffle / second baffle covers the first connecting port / second connecting port, the first cavity cannot communicate with the second cavity through the connecting channel.

[0011] Preferably, the first baffle can rotate along the inner wall of the first cavity with its fixed end as the axis, dividing the first cavity into upper and lower chambers. At this time, all the first baffles in the same heat storage and heat release device are in contact, which is recorded as the contact state. When all the first baffles in the same heat storage and heat release device are in the contact state, the angle between the first baffle and the plane where the first connecting port is located is 0≤θ≤90°, and the fixed end of the first baffle is adjacent to the first connecting port.

[0012] Preferably, the storage tank is equipped with a third valve, which connects the inside of the storage tank to the external atmospheric environment when the third valve is opened.

[0013] Preferably, the compression subsystem includes a compressor and a drive motor; the expansion subsystem includes an expander and a generator; the energy storage subsystem also includes a compression outlet valve and an expansion inlet valve. The total number of stages of the compressor equals the total number of stages of the heat storage and release device equals the total number of stages of the expander. The drive motor drives the compressor to compress air, and the expander expands the air to drive the generator to generate electricity. The inlet of the first-stage compressor and the outlet of the first-stage expander are both connected to the external atmospheric environment. When the total number of stages of the compressor, the total number of stages of the heat storage and release device, and the total number of stages of the expander are all one stage, the outlet of the first-stage compressor is connected to the first end of the coil inside the first-stage heat storage and release device through a first inlet hose. The first-stage expander is connected to the first end of the coil inside the first-stage heat storage and release device through a second outlet hose. The second end of the coil inside the first-stage heat storage and release device is connected to the storage tank through a storage tank hose. The compression outlet valve is located on the first inlet hose, and the expansion inlet valve is located on the second outlet hose. Alternatively, when the total number of compressor stages, the total number of heat storage and release devices, and the total number of expander stages exceed one stage, the energy storage subsystem also includes a first outlet hose, a second inlet hose, a compression inlet valve, and an expansion outlet valve. The outlet of each stage compressor is connected to the first end of the coil inside the corresponding stage heat storage and release device via the first inlet hose. Each stage expander is connected to the first end of the coil inside the corresponding stage heat storage and release device via the second outlet hose. The second end of the coil inside the last stage heat storage and release device is connected to the storage tank via a storage tank hose. The second ends of the coils inside the remaining stages of heat storage and release devices are connected to the inlet of the next stage compressor via the first outlet hose. The second ends of the coils inside the remaining stages of heat storage and release devices are connected to the outlet of the next stage expander via the second inlet hose. A compression inlet valve is installed on the first outlet hose. A compression outlet valve is installed on the first inlet hose. An expansion outlet valve is installed on the second inlet hose. An expansion inlet valve is installed on the second outlet hose.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for generating electricity from a reversible heat-releasing compressed air energy storage system, which is applied to a reversible heat-releasing compressed air energy storage system as described above:

[0015] When there is surplus electricity, energy storage begins: the electric valves in each stage of the heat storage and release device are closed, and the heat storage medium is entirely located in the second chamber. The reversing motor drives each stage of the heat storage and release device to a ready state with the second chamber on top and the first chamber on the bottom. All expansion inlet and outlet valves are closed. Each stage of the compressor, the second valve, and all compression outlet, compression inlet, and electric valves are opened. The heat storage medium in each stage of the heat storage and release device falls from the second chamber into the first chamber for heat storage. The air compressed by the previous stage compressor flows through the coils in the corresponding stage of the heat storage and release device, cools down, and enters the next stage compressor. The high-temperature, high-pressure air flowing from the coils of the last stage of the heat storage and release device enters the storage tank. When energy storage ends, the second valve is closed, and simultaneously the driving motor drives each stage of the heat storage and release device to a reversing state with the first chamber on top and the second chamber on the bottom. The heat storage medium falls from the first chamber of the current heat storage and release device into the second chamber. When all the heat storage medium has fallen into the second chamber of the current heat storage and release device, the current heat storage and release device is closed. The thermal device features electric valves. During peak electricity consumption, energy is released for power generation: the electric valves in each stage of the thermal storage and release device are closed, and the entire thermal storage medium is located in the second chamber. The reversing motor drives each stage of the thermal storage and release device to rotate to a release state where the second chamber is on top and the first chamber is below. All compression outlet valves and compression inlet valves are closed. Each stage of the expander, the second valve, and all expansion inlet valves and expansion outlet valves are opened. The thermal storage medium in each stage of the thermal storage and release device falls from the second chamber into the first chamber for heat release. At the same time, high-temperature and high-pressure air flows out of the storage tank, flows through the coil in the last stage of the thermal storage and release device, heats up, enters the corresponding stage of the expander, expands, and then flows into the coil in the next stage of the thermal storage and release device. The expander expands and does work to drive the generator to generate electricity. The low-temperature and low-pressure air flowing out of the first stage expander enters the external atmosphere. When a third valve is installed on the storage tank, the third valve is closed during both energy storage and energy release for power generation. When energy release for power generation ends, the second valve is closed and the third valve is opened, connecting the inside of the storage tank with the external atmosphere.

[0016] Preferably, during energy storage, the power generated by the energy storage power generation system comes from surplus electricity, which includes one or more of the following: electricity generated during off-peak hours of the power grid system, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, and biomass power generation; during energy release power generation, the power generated by the generator in the energy storage power generation system supplies itself while also feeding back into the power grid system.

[0017] Preferably, during energy storage, when all the heat storage medium falls into the first cavity, the flip motor drives the heat storage and heat release device to shake at every interval Δt1; or during energy release and power generation, when all the heat storage medium falls into the first cavity, the flip motor drives the heat storage and heat release device to shake at every interval Δt2.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] (1) The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention utilizes surplus electricity for compressed air energy storage. During the energy storage process, the surplus electricity is converted into the internal energy of the high-pressure gas in the storage tank and the heat in the heat storage medium in each stage of the heat storage and heat release device for storage and backup. During peak electricity demand, the high-pressure gas in the storage tank expands to generate electricity. At the same time, the heat in the heat storage medium in each stage of the heat storage and heat release device increases the temperature of the working gas entering the expander, thereby further increasing the total mechanical work output during the expansion of the high-pressure gas, thus increasing the total power generation of the system. This achieves energy storage during off-peak hours and power generation during peak hours, alleviating power shortages. The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention regulates the power supply of the power grid during different electricity demand periods. On the other hand, the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention can store wind power and photovoltaic power as surplus electricity. During peak electricity demand, it generates electricity through the expansion of high-temperature and high-pressure gas and sends it into the power grid system. This solves the problem of power fluctuation, periodicity and uncertainty that exist during peak electricity demand when directly using wind power and photovoltaic power.

[0020] (2) The heat storage and release device of the present invention collects a portion of the heat generated by compressed air (i.e., the heat of compression) separately during the energy storage stage and stores it in the heat storage medium for later use, thereby reducing the temperature of the compressed gas entering the next stage compressor / storage tank and improving the compression efficiency. During the energy release and power generation stage, the heat storage medium releases the heat of compression stored in the energy storage stage to increase the inlet temperature of each stage expander, thereby improving the overall power generation capacity of the system and preventing the expansioner blades from being damaged by condensate droplets due to excessively low temperature at the expansioner outlet. In other words, the compressed air energy storage and power generation system of the present invention utilizes the heat of compression in the energy storage stage to increase the total power generation in the energy release and power generation stage, while reducing the probability of damage to the compressor, storage tank, and expander in the system, thus improving the overall lifespan of the energy storage and power generation system.

[0021] (3) Unlike the existing system configuration of compressed air energy storage and expanded air energy release, the present invention simplifies the system structure and reduces the number of devices in the system. In each stage of heat storage and heat release device, only one heat exchange coil (i.e., a single coil) is configured to collect and store the heat generated during the compressed air energy storage process. This heat is then used in the energy release and power generation stage to increase the total power generation of the entire system. The system of the present invention does not need to be equipped with a heat exchanger while recovering the heat of compression. Therefore, it does not need to use a liquid medium that works with the heat exchanger. It also reduces the equipment required in the system for liquid medium, such as pumps, high-temperature heat storage tanks for storing high-temperature liquid medium, and low-temperature heat storage tanks for storing low-temperature liquid medium. This avoids the risk of liquid medium leakage in the entire system, making it safer and reducing the initial investment cost and subsequent maintenance cost of the system.

[0022] (4) The heat storage and heat release device in this invention can collect and store (i.e., heat storage) or release the heat of compression simply by flipping and controlling the opening and closing of the electric valve. That is, this invention can recover and reuse the heat of compression in the energy storage process through the simple operation of the heat storage and heat release device, thereby increasing the total amount of energy stored in the energy storage process and the total amount of power generated in the energy release process. Furthermore, since there is no need to equip the device with mechanical power equipment such as pumps to provide power to the liquid medium, and the single coil further reduces the weight of the heat storage and heat release device itself, all of these reasons result in a significant reduction in the power consumption of the system itself and an increase in the total amount of power generated in the energy release process.

[0023] (5) The heat storage medium in this invention is a sensible heat storage material in the form of granules or powder, or a high-temperature resistant particle filled with phase change heat storage material. Compared with the direct use of solid-liquid phase change material, the heat storage medium can quickly respond to energy storage or release by falling under the action of gravity, which avoids the problem that solid-liquid phase change material cannot fall due to wall adhesion or solidification on the inner wall of the heat storage and release device, thereby reducing the heat storage / heat release efficiency.

[0024] (6) In the heat storage and release device, both heat storage and heat release occur simultaneously through multiple pathways, which complement each other, enhancing both the heat storage / release effect and the efficiency. Furthermore, the heat storage and release processes are implemented within the same device, eliminating the need for multi-stage heat exchangers and multiple sets of heat exchange coils in each heat storage and release device to recover and reuse compression heat. Simultaneously, the direct heat recovery and utilization method avoids the use of liquid media as an intermediate medium, reducing intermediate heat exchange links within the system and preventing increased heat loss due to liquid media flowing through long liquid pipelines, pumps, and other equipment. This improves the utilization rate of compression heat and reduces system losses. Combined with the specific requirements for the form of the heat storage medium in this invention, the heat storage medium in the heat storage and release device can quickly respond to heat storage / release requirements while ensuring sufficient and efficient heat storage / release. In other words, the system of this invention can quickly respond to the needs of efficient energy storage / efficient energy release power generation.

[0025] (7) This invention significantly reduces the power consumption of the system itself, recovers and utilizes the compression heat of the energy storage process, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency and round-trip ratio of the system, realizing the effective utilization of surplus power, and enhancing the control of power supply in different periods of the power grid system, especially during peak power consumption periods.

[0026] (8) During the energy storage / energy release power generation process, after all the heat storage medium falls into the first cavity / second cavity, the flip motor drives the heat storage and heat release device to shake at regular intervals to ensure that the heat storage medium will not have a temperature gradient due to the different distances between it and the coil during the heat release process, thereby improving the heat storage / heat release efficiency of the heat storage medium.

[0027] (9) In the compressed air energy storage and power generation system equipped with a connecting channel, a first baffle, and a second baffle, the cooperation between the first baffle, the second baffle, and the connecting channel ensures that the heat storage medium can only enter the second cavity from the first cavity through the opened electric valve, and the heat storage medium can only return to the second cavity from the first cavity through the connecting channel. After heat storage / release, the heat storage medium, under its own gravity, returns to the second cavity of the corresponding heat storage and release device through the smooth inner wall of the connecting channel. The heat storage medium is not obstructed by the coil during the return process to the second cavity, and the speed is faster, enabling the system of the present invention to respond more quickly to the demand for high-efficiency energy storage / high-efficiency energy release power generation.

[0028] (10) In a compressed air energy storage and power generation system with a connecting channel, a first baffle and a second baffle, when the fixed end of the first baffle is close to the first connecting port and all the first baffles in each heat storage and heat release device are in contact, the angle between the first baffle and the plane where the first connecting port is located is 0≤θ≤90°. This allows the first baffle to act as a guide when the second chamber is on top, so that all the heat storage medium can return to the second chamber from the connecting channel under its own gravity. This avoids the formation of a dead angle between the fixed end of the first baffle and the inner wall of the chamber near the first connecting port, and further avoids the situation where some heat storage medium cannot return to the second chamber under its own gravity in the dead angle, thus reducing the total amount of heat storage / release in the heat storage and heat release device. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the air energy storage and power generation system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of a heat storage and release device;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the heat storage and release device in the first state.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the heat storage and release device in the second state.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the heat storage and release device in the third state.

[0034] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the heat storage and release device in the fourth state.

[0035] Figure 7 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point X in the middle;

[0036] Figure 8 for Figure 5 A magnified view of point Y in the middle. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the technical solution of the present invention clearer and more explicit, the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Solutions derived by those skilled in the art through equivalent substitution and conventional reasoning of the technical features of the present invention without creative effort all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] exist Figure 1 In the diagram, lines indicating whether the device is driven by an electric motor or a generator are represented by bold black lines, while other solid lines represent pipe connections.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall structure of a reversible heat storage and release type compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to the present invention. The reversible heat storage and release type compressed air energy storage and power generation system includes a compression subsystem, an expansion subsystem, and an energy storage subsystem. The compression subsystem utilizes surplus electricity to compress air to obtain high-temperature, high-pressure air. The energy storage subsystem stores the high-temperature, high-pressure air while simultaneously converting some of the heat generated during the compression process into heat stored in the heat storage medium HD within the heat storage and release device SRH for later use. During peak electricity demand, the expansion subsystem utilizes the high-temperature, high-pressure air stored in the energy storage subsystem to expand and generate electricity to alleviate power shortages. Simultaneously, the heat storage medium HD in the heat storage and release device SRH within the energy storage subsystem releases heat to increase the heat of the air during expansion, thereby increasing the power generation of the compressed air energy storage and power generation system.

[0041] 1. Compression Subsystem

[0042] The compression subsystem includes a-level compressor unit and b-level drive unit. The drive unit drives the compressor unit to compress the air before discharging it. The a-level compressor unit contains a compressors AC, and the b-level drive unit contains b drive motors M1. a and b are both positive integers, and b ≤ a.

[0043] When b=a, one drive motor M1 drives the corresponding compressor AC to compress the air before discharging it.

[0044] Optionally, when b < a, one drive motor M1 can simultaneously drive two or more compressors AC to compress the air before discharging it.

[0045] The method by which the drive motor M1 drives the compressor AC is not intended to limit the invention.

[0046] When a=b=1, the compressor unit contains only one stage compressor, namely the first stage compressor AC. The intake port of the first stage compressor AC draws in air at normal temperature and pressure from the outside atmosphere. The outlet of the first stage compressor AC is connected to the first stage heat storage and release device SRH in the energy storage subsystem through the first intake hose on the first stage heat storage and release device SRH. The first intake hose on the first stage heat storage and release device SRH is equipped with a compression outlet valve AV2.

[0047] When a≥2, the intake port of the first-stage compressor AC draws in air at normal temperature and pressure from the outside atmosphere. The intake ports of the other compressors AC are connected to the previous-stage heat storage and release device SRH in the energy storage subsystem through the first outlet hose on the previous-stage heat storage and release device SRH. A compression outlet valve AV2 is installed on the first intake hose. The outlet ports of each compressor AC are connected to the corresponding-stage heat storage and release device SRH in the energy storage subsystem through the first intake hose on the corresponding-stage heat storage and release device SRH. A compression inlet valve AV1 is installed on the first outlet hose.

[0048] In this embodiment, the compression subsystem includes a three-stage compressor unit and a single-stage drive unit, with one drive motor M1 simultaneously driving three compressors AC.

[0049] The power for the drive motor M1 comes from surplus electricity, which includes, but is not limited to, electricity generated during off-peak hours of the power grid, wind power, photovoltaic power, biomass power, and other clean energy sources.

[0050] The compression subsystem converts ambient temperature and pressure air into high-temperature and high-pressure air through one or more compression stages, converting surplus electrical energy into the internal energy of the air. When the compressor unit includes two or more compressor ACs, it can increase the overall pressure ratio of the compression subsystem while reducing the performance requirements of each compressor AC. This avoids overheating of the compressor due to excessive pressure ratio of a single compressor, thus extending the compressor's service life. Optionally, the gas compressed in the compression subsystem can be other working gases such as carbon dioxide.

[0051] 2. Energy Storage Subsystem

[0052] The energy storage subsystem includes a storage tank TANK, a second valve CV2, a flip motor M2, a primary and above heat storage and release device SRH, a compression inlet valve AV1, a compression outlet valve AV2, an expansion inlet valve TV1, and an expansion outlet valve TV2.

[0053] The total number of stages of the heat storage and heat release device (SRH) in the energy storage subsystem is the same as the total number of stages of the compressor in the compression subsystem. The number of stages of the heat storage and heat release device (SRH) is the number of individual heat storage and heat release devices (SRH).

[0054] When the compressor in the compression subsystem has only one stage, the heat storage and release device SRH in the energy storage subsystem also has only one stage, namely the first-stage heat storage and release device SRH. The first-stage heat storage and release device SRH is connected to the storage tank TANK via a storage tank hose, and a second valve CV2 is installed on the storage tank hose. When the compressor in the compression subsystem has more than one stage, the last stage heat storage and release device SRH in the energy storage subsystem is connected to the storage tank TANK via a storage tank hose, and a second valve CV2 is installed on the storage tank hose.

[0055] The heat storage and release device SRH is driven to rotate by the rotation motor M2. The number of rotation motors M2 is less than or equal to the number of heat storage and release devices SRH. One rotation motor M2 can simultaneously drive one or more heat storage and release devices SRH to rotate in the same direction and by the same angle.

[0056] The method by which the reversing motor M2 drives the heat storage and release device SRH is not intended to limit the invention.

[0057] In this embodiment, the energy storage subsystem includes a three-stage heat storage and release device SRH and a flip motor M2, which simultaneously drives the three-stage heat storage and release device SRH.

[0058] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic of the first type of heat storage and release device. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heat storage and release device. Each stage of the heat storage and release device (SRH) includes a box (BOX), a coil (HCP), a heat storage medium (HD), an electric valve (MAV), a first inlet hose, and a second outlet hose. When there are more than one stage of heat storage and release devices (SRH) in the system, all SRHs except the last stage also include a first outlet hose, and all SRHs except the first stage also include a second inlet hose.

[0059] The box is sealed and hollow inside. An electric valve (MAV) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the middle section of the box. The electric valve (MAV) divides the hollow interior of the box into two chambers, namely the first chamber and the second chamber. The coil (HCP) is fixedly installed in the first chamber. When the electric valve (MAV) is fully closed, the first chamber and the second chamber are not connected. When the electric valve (MAV) is open, the first chamber and the second chamber are connected. The heat storage medium (HD) is movably installed inside the box.

[0060] The heat storage medium HD of the present invention is a sensible heat storage material in the form of granules or powder (such as sand, gravel, pebbles, copper powder, aluminum powder, etc.), or a high-temperature resistant particle filled with phase change heat storage material.

[0061] In this embodiment, the heat storage medium HD is sand. The coil HCP is a bent and coiled, hollow metal tube. The outer surface of the storage tank TANK and the outer surface of the box of each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH are covered with heat insulation materials, such as rock wool boards.

[0062] For any stage of the heat storage and release device SRH, the two ends of the coil HCP are designated as the first end and the second end, respectively. In this embodiment, the end of the coil HCP furthest from the electric valve MAV is designated as the first end, and the end of the coil HCP closest to the electric valve MAV is designated as the second end. One end of the first intake hose of the current heat storage and release device SRH is connected to the outlet of the compressor AC of the corresponding stage, and the other end is connected to the first end of the coil HCP in the current heat storage and release device SRH. The first intake hose of the current heat storage and release device SRH is equipped with the compression outlet valve AV2 of the current heat storage and release device SRH.

[0063] When there is only one stage of heat storage and release device (SRH) in the energy storage subsystem, or when the energy storage subsystem includes two or more stages of heat storage and release devices (SRH) and the current heat storage and release device (SRH) is the last stage, then the second end of the coil HCP in the current heat storage and release device (SRH) is connected to one end of the storage tank hose, and the other end of the storage tank hose is connected to the storage tank (TANK). A second valve CV2 is installed on the storage tank hose. Conversely, the second end of the coil HCP in the current heat storage and release device (SRH) is connected to the air inlet of the next stage compressor AC through its own first air outlet hose, and a compression air inlet valve AV1 of the current heat storage and release device (SRH) is installed on the first air outlet hose of the current heat storage and release device (SRH).

[0064] The first end of the coil HCP in the heat storage and release device SRH is also connected to the air inlet of the corresponding stage expander TE through its own second air outlet hose. The second air outlet hose is equipped with the expansion air inlet valve TV1 corresponding to the heat storage and release device SRH. That is, the first air inlet hose and the second air outlet hose of the heat storage and release device SRH are connected in parallel to the first end of its own coil HCP.

[0065] When the expansion subsystem of this invention contains only one stage expander, or when the expansion subsystem includes two or more stages of expanders and the current expander TE is the first stage expander TE, the outlet of the current expander TE discharges the expanded air into the external atmosphere. Conversely, the outlet of the current expander TE is connected to the second end of the coil HCP of the previous stage heat storage and release device SRH through the second inlet hose of the previous stage heat storage and release device SRH. The second inlet hose is equipped with the expansion outlet valve TV2 corresponding to the heat storage and release device SRH. That is, the first outlet hose and the second inlet hose of the heat storage and release device SRH are connected in parallel to the second end of its own coil HCP. The coil HCP in this invention is not limited to a bent and coiled spiral structure.

[0066] The storage tank hose, the first air inlet hose, the first air outlet hose, the second air inlet hose, and the second air outlet hose in each stage of the heat storage and release device (SRH) all pass through the box of the corresponding heat storage and release device (SRH) and are connected to the coil (HCP) inside the box. The places in the box where the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe pass through are all sealed.

[0067] If the end of the first or second chamber furthest from the electric valve MAV is defined as the bottom, then when all the heat storage medium HD in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH is located at the bottom of the first or second chamber, the coil HCP or the coil HCP is partially or completely immersed in the heat storage medium HD.

[0068] Optionally, the storage tank is also equipped with a third valve CV3 that connects to the external atmospheric environment.

[0069] 3. Expansion Subsystem

[0070] The expansion subsystem includes a-level expander unit and generator G. The a-level expander unit contains a expanders TE. The total number of compressor AC stages in the compression subsystem is equal to the total number of heat storage and release devices SRH stages in the energy storage subsystem, which is equal to the total number of expander TE stages in the expansion subsystem.

[0071] In this embodiment, each stage of the expander TE is connected to the same generator G, and the work done by the expanded air is used to drive the same generator G to generate electricity.

[0072] Optionally, a generator G can be driven to generate electricity by a corresponding expander TE expanding air. The manner in which the expander TE drives the generator G is not intended to limit the invention.

[0073] Optionally, the electricity generated by generator G can be used to power the flip motor M2, in addition to being fed back to the grid system through the inverter.

[0074] When there is surplus electricity, the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention enters the preparation state and performs energy storage: the preparation state means that the electric valve MAV in each stage of the heat storage and heat release device SRH is closed, and the heat storage medium HD is completely located in the second cavity. The flipping motor M2 drives each stage of the heat storage and heat release device SRH to flip to the state where the second cavity is on top and the first cavity is on the bottom.

[0075] Open all stages of compressor AC, the second valve CV2, and all compression outlet valves AV2 and compression inlet valves AV1. Close all expansion inlet valves TV1 and expansion outlet valves TV2. If the storage tank TANK is equipped with a third valve CV3, close the third valve CV3, meaning the third valve CV3 is not connected to the external atmosphere. Then, open all electric valves MAV of each heat storage and release device SRH. At room temperature and pressure, air enters the first stage compressor AC and is compressed. The air pressure and temperature increase, and it flows out from the outlet of the first stage compressor AC. It then flows sequentially through the first inlet hose of the first stage heat storage and release device SRH, the coil HCP inside the first stage heat storage and release device SRH, and the first outlet hose of the first stage heat storage and release device SRH before cooling down and entering the second stage compressor AC. The first stage heat storage and release device SRH stores heat, so the temperature of the compressed air decreases when it flows out of the coil HCP. During the heat storage process of the first-stage heat storage and release device SRH, compressed air flows through the coil HCP inside the first-stage heat storage and release device SRH. The heat storage medium HD, under the influence of gravity, falls from the second chamber of the first-stage heat storage and release device SRH into the first chamber, and finally settles at the bottom of the first chamber. When all the heat storage medium HD in the first-stage heat storage and release device SRH has settled at the bottom of the first chamber, the coil HCP is partially / completely immersed in the heat storage medium HD. During this process, the heat storage medium HD heats up and the compressed air cools down, specifically through the following pathways (a1) to (a4):

[0076] (a1) When compressed air flows through the coil HCP, it transfers heat to the coil HCP, causing the coil HCP to heat up and the compressed air to cool down.

[0077] (a2) When the heat storage medium HD collides and comes into contact with the coil HCP during its descent, the coil HCP transfers heat to the heat storage medium HD through the contact; at the same time, the heat storage medium HD absorbs the heat generated by friction between itself and the coil HCP during its descent.

[0078] (a3) The coil HCP transfers heat to the air in the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH. After the heat storage medium HD enters the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH, it absorbs the heat of the air in the first chamber.

[0079] (a4) The heat storage medium HD falls entirely into the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH, and the coil HCP is immersed in the heat storage medium HD, transferring heat to the heat storage medium HD through contact.

[0080] As the above analysis shows, after the compressed air flows out of the coil HCP in the first-stage heat storage and release device SRH, its temperature decreases. This heat becomes the heat stored in the heat storage medium HD within the first-stage heat storage and release device SRH, causing the temperature of the heat storage medium HD to rise. Under the influence of gravity, the heat storage medium HD in each heat storage and release device SRH falls from the relatively high second chamber until it settles at the bottom of the first chamber. During this process, it fully absorbs heat from the air and the coil HCP in the first chamber. In other words, during the energy storage process of the invention, the heat storage medium HD in each heat storage and release device SRH fully stores heat.

[0081] After cooling, the compressed air enters the second-stage compressor AC and is compressed again. The increased pressure and temperature cause it to flow out from the outlet of the second-stage compressor AC. It then flows sequentially through the first inlet hose of the second-stage heat storage and release device SRH, the coil HCP within the second-stage heat storage and release device SRH, and the first outlet hose of the second-stage heat storage and release device SRH before cooling down and entering the second-stage compressor AC. Similarly, after cooling, the compressed air enters the third-stage compressor AC and is compressed again. The increased pressure and temperature cause it to flow out from the outlet of the third-stage compressor AC. It then flows sequentially through the first inlet hose of the third-stage heat storage and release device SRH, the coil HCP within the third-stage heat storage and release device SRH, and the storage tank hose before cooling down and entering the storage tank TANK. When compressed air flows through the coil HCP in the second-stage heat storage and release device SRH and the coil HCP in the third-stage heat storage and release device SRH, the temperature of the compressed air decreases and the heat storage medium HD in the heat storage and release device SRH increases in temperature. This process is as described in the pathways (a1) to (a4) above, and will not be repeated here.

[0082] Although the temperature of the compressed air decreases relatively as it flows out of the coils (HCP) within the various stages of the heat storage and release unit (SRH), the temperature of the compressed air entering the tank is still higher than that of the ambient air. As more and more compressed air enters the tank, the gas pressure and temperature within the tank will increase accordingly.

[0083] In this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the heat storage and release device SRH, compressor AC, and expander TE are all three-stage, from right to left, namely the first stage, the second stage, and the third stage.

[0084] It should be noted that during the system's energy storage phase, specifically the heating process of the heat storage medium HD, its temperature can be higher than the temperature of the gas flowing out from the coil HCP in the current heat storage and release device SRH, achieving a significant temperature difference. For example, compressed air at 120°C will cool to 50°C after flowing through the final stage heat storage and release device SRH, while the heat storage medium HD within the final stage SRH can be heated from 30°C to 80°C.

[0085] Optionally, during energy storage, the flow rate and falling velocity of the heat storage medium HD entering the first chamber are controlled by controlling the valve opening of the electric valves MAV within each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH, and / or by controlling the tilt angle of each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH relative to the vertical direction. Reducing the flow rate and falling velocity of the heat storage medium HD entering the first chamber allows for more thorough contact between the heat storage medium HD and the air within the first chamber during its entry, thus enabling more efficient heat absorption from the air in the first chamber. This invention can achieve precise control of the valve opening of each electric valve MAV and the tilt angle of each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH relative to the vertical direction by monitoring the gas temperature flowing out of the coil HCP of each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH, based on negative feedback regulation.

[0086] Optionally, during energy storage, when the heat storage medium HD has completely fallen into the first chamber, the corresponding heat storage and release device SRH is rotated by the flipping motor M2 at intervals of Δt1. When the heat storage medium HD has completely fallen into the first chamber, the coil HCP is partially / completely immersed in the heat storage medium HD. If energy storage is still in progress at this time, i.e., compressed air is still continuously flowing through the coil HCP, the heat storage medium HD may have a temperature gradient during heat absorption due to varying distances from the coil HCP. Specifically, the temperature of the heat storage medium HD closer to the coil HCP is higher, and the temperature of the heat storage medium HD farther from the coil HCP is lower, reducing the heat storage efficiency of the heat storage medium HD. Therefore, periodically rotating / flipping the heat storage and release device SRH can redistribute the heat storage medium HD deposited at the bottom of the first chamber, improving the heat storage efficiency of the heat storage medium HD and transferring more heat from the compressed air into the heat storage medium HD. In this embodiment, Δt1 = 10s.

[0087] During energy storage, the electricity for both the flip motor M2 and the drive motor M1 comes from surplus electricity. This surplus electricity is converted into the internal energy of the high-temperature, high-pressure gas in the storage tank TANK, and the heat of the heat storage medium HD in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH.

[0088] At the end of the energy storage phase, the second valve CV2 is closed, and at the same time, the reversing motor M2 drives the heat storage and release devices SRH of each stage to flip so that the first chamber is on top and the second chamber is on the bottom. The heat storage medium HD falls from the first chamber of the current heat storage and release device SRH into the second chamber under its own gravity. When all the heat storage medium HD has fallen into the second chamber of the current heat storage and release device SRH, the electric valve MAV in the current heat storage and release device SRH is closed.

[0089] During peak electricity consumption, the compressed air energy storage and power generation system of this invention re-enters the preparation state and then releases energy to generate electricity: It opens each stage of the expander TE, the second valve CV2, and all expansion inlet valves TV1 and TV2; it closes all compression outlet valves AV2 and compression inlet valves AV1. When the storage tank TANK is equipped with a third valve CV3, the third valve CV3 is also closed, meaning it is not connected to the external atmospheric environment. Then, the electric valves MAV of each heat storage and release device SRH are opened. High-pressure gas flows out of the storage tank TANK and sequentially passes through the storage tank hose, the coil HCP of the third-stage heat storage and release device SRH, and the second outlet hose of the third-stage heat storage and release device SRH, where it is heated before entering the third-stage expander TE. After the gas undergoes expansion in the third-stage expander TE, its temperature and pressure decrease. It then flows out of the TE outlet and sequentially passes through the second inlet hose of the second-stage heat storage and release device SRH, the coil HCP of the second-stage heat storage and release device SRH, and the second outlet hose of the second-stage heat storage and release device SRH, where it heats up before entering the second-stage expander TE. After further expansion in the second-stage expander TE, its temperature and pressure decrease, and it is then discharged into the external environment from the TE outlet. The expansion work of each stage of the expander TE drives the generator G to generate electricity. During the energy release power generation process, all stages of the heat storage and release device (SRH) release heat. That is, when the gas flows through the coil HCP inside the SRH, the heat storage medium HD, under the action of gravity, falls from the second chamber of the current SRH into the first chamber. When it finally settles at the bottom of the first chamber, the coil HCP is partially or completely immersed in the heat storage medium HD. During this process, the heat storage medium HD releases heat and cools down, while the gas flowing through the coil HCP heats up. Specifically, this includes the following pathways (b1) to (b4):

[0090] (b1) When the heat storage medium HD collides and comes into contact with the coil HCP during its descent, the heat storage medium HD transfers heat to the coil HCP through the contact; at the same time, the coil HCP absorbs the heat generated by friction between itself and the heat storage medium HD during its descent.

[0091] (b2) The heat storage medium HD falls entirely into the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH, and the coil HCP is immersed in the heat storage medium HD. The heat storage medium HD transfers heat to the coil HCP through contact.

[0092] (b3) The heat storage medium HD transfers heat to the air in the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH, and the coil HCP absorbs the heat of the air in the first chamber.

[0093] (b4) When the gas flows through the coil HCP, it absorbs the heat transferred to the coil HCP, and the gas flowing through the coil HCP heats up, while the heat storage medium HD releases heat and cools down.

[0094] Based on the above analysis, the heat storage medium HD in each heat storage and release device SRH falls from the relatively high second cavity under its own gravity until it is deposited at the bottom of the first cavity, during which it fully releases heat to the coil HCP and the air in the first cavity. That is, in the energy release power generation process of this invention, the heat storage medium HD in each heat storage and release device SRH fully releases heat. The gas flowing through the coil HCP indirectly obtains the heat released by the heat storage medium HD into the air in the first cavity and the heat of the heat storage medium HD through the coil HCP.

[0095] The high-pressure gas flowing from the tank absorbs heat and heats up after passing through the thermal storage and release device (SRH) each time it flows into the corresponding stage expander (TE), expands, and then cools down before flowing out. By increasing the inlet temperature of each stage of the expander (TE), the working capacity of the expander (TE) is further improved, allowing it to output more mechanical work, drive the generator (G) to generate more electricity, and increase the total power generation of the entire system. At the same time, increasing the inlet temperature of each stage of the expander (TE) also prevents the formation of condensate droplets at the outlet of each stage of the expander (TE) due to excessively low outlet temperature, which could damage the expander (TE) blades. The heat storage medium (HD) in each stage of the thermal storage and release device (SRH) cools down after releasing heat during the energy release and power generation stage, preparing for the heat storage stage in the next stage.

[0096] Optionally, during energy release and power generation, the flow rate and falling velocity of the heat storage medium HD entering the first chamber can be controlled by adjusting the valve opening of the electric valve MAV within each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH, and / or by controlling the tilt angle of each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH relative to the vertical direction. Reducing the flow rate and falling velocity of the heat storage medium HD entering the first chamber allows for more thorough contact between the heat storage medium HD and the air within the first chamber during its entry, thus resulting in more complete heat release into the air within the first chamber.

[0097] Optionally, during energy release and power generation, when the heat storage medium HD falls entirely into the first cavity, the electric valve MAV inside the corresponding heat storage and release device SRH closes, and every Δt2 time interval, the flipping motor M2 drives the heat storage and release device SRH to shake / flip. When the heat storage medium HD falls entirely into the first chamber, the coil HCP is partially or completely submerged in the heat storage medium HD. If energy is still being released for power generation at this time, i.e., gas is still continuously flowing through the coil HCP, the heat storage medium HD may experience a temperature gradient during heat release due to varying distances from the coil HCP. Specifically, the temperature of the heat storage medium HD closer to the coil HCP is lower, while the temperature of the heat storage medium HD farther from the coil HCP is higher, reducing the heat release efficiency of the heat storage medium HD. Therefore, periodically shaking / tumbling the heat storage and release device SRH can redistribute the heat storage medium HD deposited at the bottom of the first chamber, improving the energy utilization rate stored inside the heat storage medium HD and also increasing the heat release efficiency of the heat storage medium HD, allowing more heat from the heat storage medium HD to be transferred to the gas flowing through the coil HCP. In this embodiment, Δt2 = 8s.

[0098] The heat storage and release device SRH of this invention collects a portion of the heat generated by compressed air (i.e., the heat of compression) during the energy storage stage and stores it separately in the heat storage medium HD for later use. This lowers the temperature of the compressed gas entering the next stage compressor AC / tank, improving compression efficiency. During the energy release and power generation stage, the heat storage medium HD releases the heat of compression stored in the energy storage stage to increase the inlet temperature of each stage expander TE, thereby increasing the overall power generation of the system and preventing the expansioner TE blades from being damaged by condensation droplets at the TE outlet due to excessively low temperature. In other words, the compressed air energy storage and power generation system of this invention utilizes the heat of compression from the energy storage stage to increase the total power generation during the energy release stage, while reducing the probability of damage to the compressor AC, tank, and expander TE within the system, thus improving the overall lifespan of the energy storage and power generation system.

[0099] Of the heat generated by compressed air, a portion of the heat (i.e., the heat of compression) is collected separately and stored in the heat storage medium HD for later use, while the remaining heat becomes the internal energy of the high-temperature and high-pressure air in the storage tank TANK.

[0100] Although the tank stores high-temperature, high-pressure gas, it has an upper limit on the gas storage temperature. Excessively high temperatures of the compressed gas entering the tank can damage it. This invention not only stores the heat of compression during energy storage but also ensures that the temperature of the compressed gas entering the next stage compressor (AC) and the tank is not too high. This broadens the selection range of tanks and compressors, further extending their lifespan. Excessively high intake temperatures in the compressor (AC) lead to excessively high exhaust temperatures. These high exhaust temperatures can thin the lubricating oil in the compressor (AC) or even carbonize and coke, causing damage and shortening its lifespan.

[0101] The heat storage medium HD in this invention is a sensible heat storage material in granular or powdered form, or a high-temperature resistant particle filled with phase change heat storage material, but solid-liquid phase change material is not used directly. When solid-liquid phase change material is used as the heat storage medium HD, there is a two-phase and solid-liquid interface heat transfer during the heat storage or release process, which slows down the heat exchange rate and consequently slows down the overall response rate of the energy storage and power generation system. For example, if the heat storage medium HD is paraffin wax, liquid paraffin wax will adhere to the inner wall of the heat storage and release device SRH, while solid paraffin wax may solidify on the inner wall of the heat storage and release device SRH. These situations are not conducive to the heat storage medium HD immediately falling to quickly respond to the heat storage / release requirements of the heat storage and release device SRH; and if solid paraffin wax solidifies on the inner wall and does not directly contact the coil, the heat storage / release process will be incomplete due to the long heat exchange path, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency.

[0102] When the flip motor M2 drives the heat storage and release devices SRH at each stage to enter the energy release state, the electricity comes from the power grid system. When the generator G starts generating electricity, the electricity generated by the generator G is given priority to powering the power-consuming parts such as the flip motor M2 in the air energy storage power generation system of the present invention, and the remaining electricity is fed back to the power grid system through the inverter.

[0103] When no gas flows through the HCP coil, the heat from the external environment is almost impossible to be absorbed by the air / heat storage medium HD in the SRH stages of the heat storage and release devices. Gas flow only exists in the HCP coil when the compressor AC is working. Similarly, when no gas flows through the HCP coil, the heat from the air / heat storage medium HD in the SRH stages of the heat storage and release devices is almost impossible to be carried out to the external environment. Gas flow only exists in the HCP coil when the expander TE is working.

[0104] If a third valve CV3 is installed on the storage tank, after the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention finishes releasing energy and generating electricity, the third valve CV3 is opened to connect the inside of the storage tank with the external atmospheric environment, the pressure inside the storage tank is restored to the atmospheric pressure, and the storage tank prepares for the next energy storage operation of the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention.

[0105] The compressed air energy storage and power generation system of this invention utilizes surplus electricity for compressed air energy storage. During the storage process, the surplus electricity is converted into the internal energy of high-pressure gas in the tank and the heat in the heat storage medium HD in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH for storage and backup. During peak electricity demand, the high-pressure gas in the tank expands to generate electricity. Simultaneously, the heat in the heat storage medium HD in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH increases the temperature of the expanding gas, further increasing the total mechanical work output during the high-pressure gas expansion process, thereby increasing the total power generation of the system. This achieves energy storage during off-peak hours and power generation during peak hours, alleviating power shortages. The compressed air energy storage and power generation system of this invention regulates the power supply of the grid during different electricity demand periods. Furthermore, this compressed air energy storage and power generation system can store surplus electricity from wind power and photovoltaic power generation. During peak electricity demand, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas expands to generate electricity, which is then fed into the grid system. This solves the problem of power fluctuation, periodicity, and uncertainty associated with directly using wind power and photovoltaic power generation during peak electricity demand.

[0106] Unlike existing systems that store compressed air energy and release expanded air energy, this invention simplifies the system structure and reduces the number of devices within the system. A single-coil heat storage and release device (SRH) can collect and store the heat generated during compressed air energy storage, and use this heat for the energy release and power generation stage to increase the total power output of the entire system. This system does not waste heat and requires no heat exchanger or liquid medium. It also reduces the need for pumps, high-temperature heat storage tanks for storing high-temperature liquid media, and low-temperature heat storage tanks for storing low-temperature liquid media, thus avoiding the risk of liquid medium leakage throughout the system. This makes the system safer and reduces both initial investment and ongoing maintenance costs.

[0107] The heat storage and release device SRH in this invention can collect and store (i.e., heat storage) or release heat of compression simply by flipping and controlling the opening and closing of the electric valve MAV. In other words, this invention can achieve the recovery and reuse of heat of compression through the simple operation of the heat storage and release device SRH, thereby increasing the total energy storage in the energy storage process and the total power generation in the energy release power generation process. Furthermore, since there is no need to equip it with mechanical power equipment such as pumps to provide power to the liquid medium, and the single coil further reduces the weight of the heat storage and release device SRH itself, all of these reasons significantly reduce the power consumption of the system itself and increase the total power generation in the energy release power generation process.

[0108] Furthermore, within the SRH (Steam Regeneration and Heating) heat storage and release device, multiple pathways operate simultaneously, complementing each other to enhance both the heat storage / release effect and its efficiency. Since the heat storage and release processes occur within the same device, the system eliminates the need for multi-stage heat exchangers to recover and reuse compression heat, avoiding the use of liquid media as intermediate media. This reduces intermediate heat exchange steps and prevents increased heat loss due to liquid media flowing through long liquid pipelines, pumps, and other equipment, thus improving the utilization rate of compression heat and reducing system losses. Combined with the specific requirements for the HD (Heat Storage Medium) morphology in this invention, the HD heat storage medium within the SRH can rapidly respond to heat storage / release requirements while ensuring sufficient and efficient heat storage / release. In other words, the system of this invention can rapidly respond to the needs of efficient energy storage / efficient energy release power generation.

[0109] In summary, this invention significantly reduces the system's own power consumption, improves the utilization rate of compression heat, thereby enhancing the overall energy efficiency and round-trip ratio of the system, achieving effective utilization of surplus power, and strengthening the regulation of power supply in different periods of the power grid system, especially during peak electricity consumption periods.

[0110] Example 2

[0111] The present invention also provides a method for generating electricity by reversing heat storage and release of compressed air, which is applied in a reversing heat storage and release of compressed air energy generation system as described in Example 1.

[0112] When there is surplus electricity, the energy storage and power generation system of this invention stores energy, including the following: the electric valve MAV in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH is closed, the heat storage medium HD is entirely located in the second chamber, the flip motor M2 drives each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH to flip to a ready state with the second chamber on top and the first chamber on the bottom, all expansion inlet valves TV1 and expansion outlet valves TV2 are closed, and then each stage of compressor AC, the second valve CV2, and all compression outlet valves AV2, compression inlet valves AV1, and electric valve MAV are opened. The air compressed by the previous stage compressor AC flows through the coil HCP in the corresponding stage of the heat storage and release device SRH and is cooled down before entering the next stage compressor AC, from the last stage of heat storage and release. High-temperature, high-pressure air flowing from the HCP coil in the SRH device enters the TANK storage tank. Simultaneously, the heat storage medium HD in each stage of the SRH storage and release device falls from the second chamber into the first chamber for heat storage. When all the heat storage medium HD has fallen into the first chamber, the electric valve MAV in each stage of the SRH storage and release device closes. When energy storage ends, the second valve CV2 closes, and the reversing motor M2 drives each stage of the SRH storage and release device to flip so that the first chamber is on top and the second chamber is on the bottom. The heat storage medium HD falls from the first chamber of the current SRH storage and release device into the second chamber. When all the heat storage medium HD has fallen into the second chamber of the current SRH storage and release device, the electric valve MAV in the current SRH storage and release device closes. The surplus electricity is ultimately converted into the internal energy of the high-temperature, high-pressure air in the TANK storage tank and the heat of the heat storage medium HD, stored for later use.

[0113] During peak electricity consumption, the energy storage and power generation system of this invention releases energy to generate electricity, including the following: the electric valve MAV in each stage of the thermal storage and heat release device SRH is closed, the thermal storage medium HD is entirely located in the second chamber, the flipping motor M2 drives each stage of the thermal storage and heat release device SRH to flip to a ready state with the second chamber on top and the first chamber on the bottom, all compression outlet valves AV2 and compression inlet valves AV1 are closed, and then each stage of the expander TE, the second valve CV2, and all expansion inlet valves TV1 and expansion outlet valves TV2 are opened, the high-temperature and high-pressure air in the storage tank TANK flows out and flows through the disc in the last stage of the thermal storage and heat release device SRH. After the HCP tube heats up, it expands and generates electricity in the corresponding stage expander TE, and then flows into the coiled HCP in the next stage heat storage and release device SRH. The low-temperature, low-pressure air flowing out of the first stage expander TE enters the external atmosphere. At the same time, the heat storage medium HD in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH falls from the second chamber into the first chamber to release heat. When all the heat storage medium HD has fallen into the first chamber, the electric valve MAV in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH closes. When the energy release and power generation ends, the second valve CV2 closes and the third valve CV3 opens, connecting the inside of the storage tank TANK with the external atmosphere.

[0114] Example 3

[0115] The overall structure of the system in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1. The only difference is the internal structure of the heat storage and release device SRH. The differences will be described in detail below.

[0116] like Figures 3-8 The diagram shows a second structural schematic of the heat storage and release device (SRH) in the energy storage and power generation system of the present invention. Each stage of the heat storage and release device (SRH) includes a box (BOX), a connecting channel (C), a first baffle (BV1), a second baffle (BV2), a coil (HCP), a heat storage medium (HD), an electric valve (MAV), a first inlet hose, and a second outlet hose. When the system has more than one stage of heat storage and release device (SRH), the heat storage and release devices (SRH) except for the last stage also include a first outlet hose, and the heat storage and release devices (SRH) except for the first stage also include a second inlet hose. The box (BOX) is sealed and hollow inside, and an electric valve (MAV) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the middle section of the box (BOX). The electric valve (MAV) divides the hollow interior of the box (BOX) into two cavities, namely the first cavity and the second cavity. The coil (HCP) is fixedly installed in the first cavity.

[0117] Each heat storage and release device (SRH) has two or more connecting channels C on its exterior box. The first end of each connecting channel C is connected to the first cavity of the corresponding SRH, and this connection point is denoted as the first connecting port. The second end of each connecting channel C is connected to the second cavity of the corresponding SRH, and this connection point is denoted as the second connecting port. The inner wall of the connecting channel C is smooth, and the outer surface of the connecting channel C is also covered with heat insulation material.

[0118] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram at point X shows that the second baffle BV2 is located on the inner wall of the second cavity at the second connecting port. Specifically, one end of the second baffle BV2 is a fixed end, and the other end is a movable end. The fixed end of the second baffle BV2 is hinged to the inner wall of the second cavity near the second connecting port, and the movable end of the second baffle BV2 can rotate around the fixed end of the second baffle BV2 as an axis, completely covering the second connecting port. That is, when the second baffle BV2 completely covers the second connecting port, the first cavity in the current heat storage and release device SRH cannot be connected to the second cavity through the connecting channel C.

[0119] In this invention, the fixed end of the second baffle BV2 can be disposed on the inner wall of the second cavity on the side of the second communication port away from the electric valve MAV, or it can be disposed on the inner wall of the second cavity on the side of the second communication port closer to the electric valve MAV. This is not intended to limit the invention. In this embodiment, the fixed end of the second baffle BV2 is disposed on the inner wall of the second cavity on the side of the second communication port away from the electric valve MAV, i.e., as shown... Figure 7As shown. In this embodiment, all the second baffles BV2 in a heat storage and release device SRH will never divide the second cavity into upper and lower spaces due to contact between the second baffles BV2.

[0120] Similar to the second baffle BV2, the first baffle BV1 is located on the inner wall of the first cavity at the first connecting port. Specifically, one end of the first baffle BV1 is a fixed end, and the other end is a movable end. The fixed end of the first baffle BV1 is hinged to the inner wall of the first cavity on the side of the first connecting port away from the electric valve MAV. The movable end of the first baffle BV1 can rotate about the fixed end of the first baffle BV1 as an axis, completely covering the first connecting port. That is, when the first baffle BV1 completely covers the first connecting port, the first cavity in the current heat storage and release device SRH cannot communicate with the second cavity through the connecting channel C. All the first baffles BV1 in a heat storage and release device SRH can rotate along the inner wall of the first cavity with their fixed ends as the axis, dividing the first cavity into upper and lower chambers. At this time, all the first baffles BV1 in the same heat storage and release device SRH are in contact, which is denoted as the contact state. Figures 4-6 As shown, the chamber closest to the coil HCP is designated as the first chamber, and the chamber furthest from the coil HCP is designated as the second chamber. Optionally, the fixed end of the first baffle BV1 is adjacent to the first connecting port.

[0121] The energy storage and power generation method of the flip-type regenerative heat release compressed air energy storage and power generation system in this embodiment is described below:

[0122] 1. When there is surplus electricity, the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention enters the preparation state I and performs energy storage. The heat storage and release devices SRH of each stage use heat storage method I for heat storage. During peak electricity consumption, the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention enters the preparation state I again and performs energy release and power generation. The heat storage and release devices SRH of each stage use heat release method I for heat release. In this embodiment, the preparation state I means that the electric valve MAV in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH is closed, all the second baffles BV2 are completely covered on the corresponding second connection port, and the heat storage medium HD is completely located in the second cavity. All the first baffles BV1 are completely covered on the corresponding first connection port. The flipping motor M2 drives the heat storage and release device SRH of each stage to flip to the state where the second cavity is on top and the first cavity is below.

[0123] The following description focuses only on the parts that differ from Examples 1 and 2 in the energy storage / energy release power generation process: such as Figure 3The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the heat storage and release device of the present invention in the first state, that is, the heat storage method I of the heat storage and release device SRH in this embodiment: compressed air flows through the coil HCP in the heat storage and release device SRH, and the heat storage medium HD falls from the second cavity of the current heat storage and release device SRH into the first cavity under the action of gravity, and finally deposits at the bottom of the first cavity. All the heat storage medium HD in the current heat storage and release device SRH is deposited at the bottom of the first cavity. During this process, the heat storage medium HD stores heat and rises in temperature, and the compressed air cools down, specifically including the following pathways (c1) to (c3):

[0124] (c1) When compressed air flows through coil HCP, it transfers heat to coil HCP, causing coil HCP to heat up and compressed air to cool down.

[0125] (c2) When the heat storage medium HD collides and comes into contact with the coil HCP during its descent, the coil HCP transfers heat to the heat storage medium HD through the contact; at the same time, the heat storage medium HD absorbs the heat generated by friction between itself and the coil HCP during its descent.

[0126] (c3) The coil HCP transfers heat to the air in the first chamber of the current heat storage and release device SRH. After the heat storage medium HD enters the first chamber of the current heat storage and release device SRH, it absorbs the heat from the air in the first chamber.

[0127] During the process of the heat storage medium HD in each heat storage and heat release device SRH falling from the relatively high second cavity under its own gravity until it is deposited at the bottom of the first cavity, it fully absorbs heat from the air and coil HCP in the first cavity. That is, the heat storage medium HD in each heat storage and heat release device SRH fully stores heat during the energy storage process of the invention.

[0128] like Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the heat storage and release device of the present invention in the third state, that is, a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat storage and release device SRH in this embodiment at the end of the energy storage stage. Figure 5 Enlarged diagram of point Y in the middle is shown below. Figure 8 As shown. At the end of the energy storage phase, all electric valves MAV are closed, and all first baffles BV1 are flipped towards the electric valves MAV until all first baffles BV1 in each heat storage and release device SRH are in contact. At this time, the first cavity is divided into upper and lower chambers, and the heat storage medium HD is entirely located in the second chamber. The angle between the first baffles BV1 and the plane where the first connecting port is located is 0 ≤ θ ≤ 90°. Then, the second baffles BV2 in each heat storage and release device SRH are flipped away from the second connecting port until the second baffles BV2 are in contact with the inner wall of the second cavity. At this time, the second cavity is connected to the second cavity through the connecting channel C. The flipping motor M2 drives the heat storage and release device SRH to flip, as shown. Figure 6 As shown, the heat storage medium HD in the second chamber passes through the first connecting port, the connecting channel C, and the second connecting port in sequence under its own gravity and then returns to the second chamber. When the heat storage medium HD is completely placed in the second chamber, all the second baffles BV2 flip towards the direction of the second connecting port until they completely cover the corresponding second connecting port, and all the first baffles BV1 flip away from the electric valve MAV until they completely cover the corresponding first connecting port.

[0129] During peak electricity consumption, the reversing motor M2 drives the thermal storage and heat release device SRH to flip, and after re-entering the ready state I, it releases energy to generate electricity. Each stage of the thermal storage and heat release device SRH uses heat release method I for heat release. In this embodiment, the heat release method I of the thermal storage and heat release device SRH is also as described above. Figure 3 As shown: Gas flows through the coil HCP in the heat storage and release device SRH. The heat storage medium HD, under the influence of gravity, falls from the second chamber of the current heat storage and release device SRH into the first chamber, and finally settles at the bottom of the first chamber. All the heat storage medium HD in the current heat storage and release device SRH is settled at the bottom of the first chamber. During this process, the heat storage medium HD releases heat and cools down, while the gas flowing through the coil HCP heats up. Specifically, this includes the following pathways (d1) to (d3):

[0130] (d1) When the heat storage medium HD collides and comes into contact with the coil HCP during its descent, the heat storage medium HD transfers heat to the coil HCP through the contact; at the same time, the coil HCP absorbs the heat generated by friction between itself and the heat storage medium HD during its descent.

[0131] (d2) The heat storage medium HD transfers heat to the air in the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH, and the coil HCP absorbs the heat of the air in the first chamber.

[0132] (d3) When the gas flows through the coil HCP, it absorbs the heat transferred to the coil HCP, so the gas flowing through the coil HCP will rise in temperature, and the heat storage medium HD will release heat and cool down.

[0133] In each heat storage and release device (SRH), the heat storage medium HD, under its own gravity, falls from the relatively high second cavity until it settles at the bottom of the first cavity, fully releasing heat into the coil HCP and the air in the first cavity. This means that during the energy release and power generation process of this invention, the heat storage medium HD in each SRH fully releases heat. The gas flowing through the coil HCP indirectly obtains the heat released by the heat storage medium HD into the air in the first cavity and the heat from the heat storage medium HD itself.

[0134] II. When there is surplus electricity, the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention enters the preparation state II and performs energy storage. The heat storage and release devices SRH of each stage use heat storage method II for heat storage. During peak electricity consumption, the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the present invention enters the preparation state II again and performs energy release and power generation. The heat storage and release devices SRH of each stage use heat release method II for heat release. In this embodiment, the preparation state II means that the electric valve MAV in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH is closed, all the second baffles BV2 are completely covered on the corresponding second connection port, and the heat storage medium HD is completely located in the second cavity. When all the first baffles BV1 are in contact, the first cavity is divided into upper and lower chambers. The flipping motor M2 drives the heat storage and release devices SRH of each stage to flip to the state where the second cavity is on top and the first cavity is below.

[0135] The following description focuses only on the parts that differ from Examples 1 and 2 in the energy storage / energy release power generation process: such as Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the heat storage and release device of the present invention in the second state, that is, the heat storage method II of the heat storage and release device SRH in this embodiment: compressed air flows through the coil HCP in the heat storage and release device SRH, and the heat storage medium HD falls from the second cavity of the current heat storage and release device SRH into the first chamber of the first cavity under the action of gravity, and finally settles at the bottom of the first chamber. When all the heat storage medium HD in the current heat storage and release device SRH has settled at the bottom of the first chamber, the coil HCP is partially / completely immersed in the heat storage medium HD. During this process, the heat storage medium HD stores heat and heats up, and the compressed air cools down, specifically including the following pathways (e1) to (e4):

[0136] (e1) When compressed air flows through coil HCP, it transfers heat to coil HCP, causing coil HCP to heat up and compressed air to cool down.

[0137] (e2) When the heat storage medium HD collides and comes into contact with the coil HCP during its descent, the coil HCP transfers heat to the heat storage medium HD through the contact; at the same time, the heat storage medium HD absorbs the heat generated by friction between itself and the coil HCP during its descent.

[0138] (e3) The coil HCP transfers heat to the air in the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH. After the heat storage medium HD enters the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH, it absorbs the heat of the air in the first chamber.

[0139] (e4) The heat storage medium HD falls entirely into the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH, and the coil HCP is immersed in the heat storage medium HD, transferring heat to the heat storage medium HD through contact.

[0140] like Figure 5The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the second structure of the heat storage and release device of the present invention in the third state, that is, a structural schematic of the heat storage and release device SRH using heat storage method II in this embodiment at the end of the energy storage stage. At the end of the energy storage stage, all electric valves MAV are closed, all first baffles BV1 are flipped away from the electric valves MAV, all first baffles BV1 are no longer in contact, the first chamber and the second chamber are connected, and the heat storage medium HD falls to the bottom of the first chamber under its own gravity. When the heat storage medium HD is completely at the bottom of the first chamber, all first baffles BV1 are flipped towards the electric valves MAV until all first baffles BV1 in each heat storage and release device SRH are in contact. At this time, the first chamber is divided into upper and lower chambers again, and the heat storage medium HD is completely located in the second chamber. The angle between the first baffles BV1 and the plane where the first connecting port is located is 0≤θ≤90°. Then, the second baffle BV2 in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH rotates away from the second connecting port until the second baffle BV2 comes into contact with the inner wall of the second chamber. At this time, the second chamber is connected to the second body through the connecting channel C. The rotating motor M2 drives the heat storage and release device SRH to rotate. Figure 6 As shown, the heat storage medium HD in the second chamber passes through the first connecting port, the connecting channel C, and the second connecting port in sequence under its own gravity and then returns to the second chamber. When the heat storage medium HD is completely placed in the second chamber, all the second baffles BV2 flip towards the direction of the second connecting port until they completely cover the corresponding second connecting port.

[0141] During peak electricity consumption, the reversing motor M2 drives the thermal storage and heat release device SRH to flip, and after re-entering the standby state II, it releases energy to generate electricity. Each stage of the thermal storage and heat release device SRH uses heat release method II for heat release. In this embodiment, the heat release method II of the thermal storage and heat release device SRH is also as described above. Figure 4 As shown: Compressed air flows through the coil HCP in the heat storage and release device SRH. The heat storage medium HD, under the influence of gravity, falls from the second chamber of the current heat storage and release device SRH into the first chamber of the first chamber, and finally settles at the bottom of the first chamber. When all the heat storage medium HD in the current heat storage and release device SRH has settled at the bottom of the first chamber, the coil HCP is partially / completely immersed in the heat storage medium HD. During this process, the heat storage medium HD releases heat and cools down, and the gas flowing through the coil HCP heats up, specifically including the following pathways (f1) to (f4):

[0142] (f1) When the heat storage medium HD collides and comes into contact with the coil HCP during its descent, the heat storage medium HD transfers heat to the coil HCP through the contact; at the same time, the coil HCP absorbs the heat generated by friction between itself and the heat storage medium HD during its descent.

[0143] (f2) The heat storage medium HD falls entirely into the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH, and the coil HCP is immersed in the heat storage medium HD. The heat storage medium HD transfers heat to the coil HCP through contact.

[0144] (f3) The heat storage medium HD transfers heat to the air in the first chamber of the current heat storage and heat release device SRH, and the coil HCP absorbs the heat of the air in the first chamber.

[0145] (f4) When the gas flows through the coil HCP, it absorbs the heat transferred to the coil HCP, so the gas flowing through the coil HCP will heat up, and the heat storage medium HD will release heat and cool down.

[0146] As can be seen from the above analysis, compared with the use of heat storage method I / heat release method I, the heat storage and heat release device SRH uses heat storage method II / heat release method II, which makes the heat storage / heat release more complete.

[0147] In addition to the effects described in Example 1, this embodiment also has the following effects:

[0148] In this embodiment, the fixed end of the first baffle BV1 is adjacent to the first connecting port, and when all the first baffles BV1 in each heat storage and release device SRH are in contact, the angle between the first baffle BV1 and the plane containing the first connecting port is 0 ≤ θ ≤ 90°. This allows the first baffle BV1 to act as a guide when the second chamber is on top, ensuring that all the heat storage medium HD can return to the second chamber from the connecting channel C under its own gravity, thus avoiding a dead angle formed between the fixed end of the first baffle BV1 and the inner wall of the chamber near the first connecting port. When the second chamber is on top, if some of the heat storage medium HD is placed in a dead angle, this portion of heat storage medium HD cannot return to the second chamber under its own gravity, resulting in a reduction in the total heat storage / release in the heat storage and release device SRH. Therefore, this invention further avoids the situation where some heat storage medium HD is placed in a dead angle, thus reducing the total heat storage / release in the heat storage and release device SRH.

[0149] The cooperation between the first baffle BV1, the second baffle BV2, and the connecting channel C ensures that the heat storage medium HD can only enter the second cavity from the first cavity through the open electric valve MAV, and can only return to the second cavity from the first cavity through the connecting channel C. In this embodiment, the heat storage medium HD, after heat storage / release, returns to the second cavity of the corresponding heat storage and release device SRH under its own gravity through the smooth inner wall of the connecting channel C. Compared with embodiment 1, the heat storage medium HD is not hindered by the coil HCP during its return to the second cavity, resulting in a faster speed. This allows the system of the present invention to respond more quickly to the demand for high-efficiency energy storage / high-efficiency energy release and power generation.

[0150] Table 1. Performance Comparison of Different System Configurations for Compressed Air Energy Storage and Expanded Air Energy Release

[0151] ;

[0152] Table 1 shows a performance comparison of different system configurations for compressed air energy storage and expanded air energy release. This invention adopts the system structure described in Example 3, and the heat storage and release device SRH uses heat storage method II / heat release method II for heat storage / release. Existing system configuration 1 is a supplementary combustion CAES, and existing system configuration 2 is an advanced adiabatic CAES. For ease of comparison, the number of compressor stages and expander stages are the same for all three system configurations. They consume the same amount of electricity (55MW × 6h = 330MWh) for energy storage during the energy storage phase, and all release energy for 4 hours, using all stored energy for power generation. It can be seen that the system of this invention has the highest round-trip efficiency, at 69.72%.

[0153] The technologies, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all well-known technologies. It should also be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components or steps in the embodiments of this invention can be decomposed and / or recombined, and these decompositions and / or recombinations should be considered equivalent solutions to this application and should all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A reversible compressed air energy storage and power generation system, characterized in that: It includes a compression subsystem, an expansion subsystem, and an energy storage subsystem; the compression subsystem compresses air; the expansion subsystem is used to expand gas to generate electricity; the energy storage subsystem includes a heat storage and release device SRH, a flip motor M2, a storage tank TANK, a storage tank hose, and a second valve CV2; the heat storage and release device SRH includes a box body BOX, a heat storage medium HD, and a coil HCP. The rotating motor M2 drives the heat storage and release device SRH to rotate. The box is sealed and hollow inside. The coil HCP is fixedly installed at one end of the cavity inside the box. The heat storage medium HD is movably installed inside the box. The outlet of the compression subsystem is connected to the first end of the coil HCP through the first inlet hose. The second end of the coil HCP is connected to the storage tank TANK through the storage tank hose. The first end of the coil HCP is also connected to the inlet of the expansion subsystem through the second outlet hose. A second valve CV2 is installed on the storage tank hose. The inlet of the compression subsystem and the outlet of the expansion subsystem are both connected to the external atmospheric environment.

2. The reversible heat storage and power generation system of compressed air according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage and release device SRH also includes an electric valve MAV fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box BOX. The electric valve MAV divides the cavity inside the box BOX into two chambers, namely the first chamber and the second chamber. The coil HCP is fixedly installed in the first chamber. When the electric valve MAV is fully closed, the first chamber and the second chamber are not connected. When the electric valve MAV is open, the first chamber and the second chamber are connected.

3. The reversible heat storage and release type compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat storage medium HD is a sensible heat storage material in granular or powder form, or granules filled with phase change heat storage material.

4. The flip-type compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat storage and release device SRH also includes a first baffle BV1, a second baffle BV2, and two or more connecting channels C. The two ends of each connecting channel C are respectively connected to the first cavity and the second cavity of the heat storage and release device SRH. The connecting ports at both ends of the connecting channel C that connect to the first cavity and the second cavity of the heat storage and release device SRH are respectively referred to as the first connecting port and the second connecting port. The fixed end of the second baffle BV2 is hinged to the inner wall of the second cavity near the second connecting port, and the fixed end of the first baffle BV1 is hinged to the inner wall of the first cavity on the side of the first connecting port away from the electric valve MAV. When the first baffle BV1 / second baffle BV2 covers the first connecting port / second connecting port, the first cavity cannot communicate with the second cavity through the connecting channel C.

5. The reversible heat storage and release type compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first baffle BV1 can rotate along the inner wall of the first cavity with its fixed end as the axis, dividing the first cavity into upper and lower chambers. At this time, all the first baffles BV1 in the same heat storage and heat release device SRH are in contact, which is recorded as the contact state. When all the first baffles BV1 in the same heat storage and heat release device SRH are in the contact state, the angle between the first baffle BV1 and the plane where the first connecting port is located is 0≤θ≤90°, and the fixed end of the first baffle BV1 is adjacent to the first connecting port.

6. The reversible heat storage and release type compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The storage tank is equipped with a third valve CV3. When the third valve CV3 is opened, the interior of the storage tank is connected to the external atmospheric environment.

7. A reversible heat storage and power generation system for compressed air according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that: The compression subsystem includes a compressor AC and a drive motor M1; the expansion subsystem includes an expander TE and a generator G; the energy storage subsystem also includes a compressor outlet valve AV2 and an expansion inlet valve TV1. The total number of stages of the compressor AC is equal to the total number of stages of the heat storage and release device SRH, which is equal to the total number of stages of the expander TE. The drive motor M1 drives the compressor AC to compress air, and the expander TE expands the air to drive the generator G to generate electricity. The inlet of the first-stage compressor AC and the outlet of the first-stage expander TE are both connected to the external atmospheric environment. When the total number of stages of compressor AC, the total number of stages of heat storage and heat release device SRH, and the total number of stages of expander TE are all one, the outlet of the first stage compressor AC is connected to the first end of the inner coil HCP of the first stage heat storage and heat release device SRH through the first inlet hose, the first stage expander TE is connected to the first end of the inner coil HCP of the first stage heat storage and heat release device SRH through the second outlet hose, the second end of the inner coil HCP of the first stage heat storage and heat release device SRH is connected to the storage tank TANK through the storage tank hose, the compression outlet valve AV2 is installed on the first inlet hose, and the expansion inlet valve TV1 is installed on the second outlet hose; Alternatively, when the total number of stages of the compressor AC, the total number of stages of the heat storage and release device SRH, and the total number of stages of the expander TE exceed one stage, the energy storage subsystem also includes a first outlet hose, a second inlet hose, a compressor inlet valve AV1, and an expander outlet valve TV2. The outlet ports of each stage of the compressor AC are connected to the first end of the inner coil HCP of the corresponding stage of the heat storage and release device SRH through the first inlet hose. Each stage of the expander TE is connected to the first end of the inner coil HCP of the corresponding stage of the heat storage and release device SRH through the second outlet hose. The last stage heat storage and release device SRH inner coil HC... The second end of P is connected to the storage tank TANK via a storage tank hose. The second end of the inner coil HCP of the SRH of the other heat storage and heat release devices is connected to the AC inlet of the next stage compressor via a first outlet hose. The second end of the inner coil HCP of the SRH of the other heat storage and heat release devices is connected to the TE outlet of the next stage expander via a second inlet hose. A compression inlet valve AV1 is installed on the first outlet hose. A compression outlet valve AV2 is installed on the first inlet hose. An expansion outlet valve TV2 is installed on the second inlet hose. An expansion inlet valve TV1 is installed on the second outlet hose.

8. A method for generating electricity using a reversible heat storage and release compressed air energy storage system, wherein the method is applied to a reversible heat storage and release compressed air energy storage system as described in claim 7, characterized in that: When there is surplus electricity, energy storage is performed: the electric valve MAV in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH is closed, and the heat storage medium HD is entirely located in the second chamber. The flip motor M2 drives each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH to flip to the ready state with the second chamber on top and the first chamber on the bottom. All expansion inlet valves TV1 and expansion outlet valves TV2 are closed. The compressors AC, the second valve CV2, and all compression outlet valves AV2, compression inlet valves AV1, and electric valve MAV are opened. The heat storage medium HD in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH falls from the second chamber into the first chamber for heat storage. The air compressed by the compressor AC of the previous stage flows through the coil HCP in the corresponding stage of the heat storage and release device SRH and is cooled down before entering the next stage compressor AC. The high-temperature and high-pressure air flowing out from the coil HCP in the last stage of the heat storage and release device SRH enters the storage tank TANK. When the energy storage ends, the second valve CV2 is closed, and at the same time, the reversing motor M2 drives the heat storage and release devices SRH of each stage to flip so that the first chamber is on top and the second chamber is on the bottom. The heat storage medium HD falls from the first chamber of the current heat storage and release device SRH into the second chamber. When all the heat storage medium HD has fallen into the second chamber of the current heat storage and release device SRH, the electric valve MAV in the current heat storage and release device SRH is closed. During peak electricity consumption, energy release and power generation occur as follows: the electric valve MAV in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH is closed, and the heat storage medium HD is entirely located in the second chamber. The reversing motor M2 drives each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH to reverse to the energy release state with the second chamber on top and the first chamber on the bottom. All compression outlet valves AV2 and compression inlet valves AV1 are closed. Each stage of the expander TE, the second valve CV2, and all expansion inlet valves TV1 and expansion outlet valves TV2 are opened. The heat storage medium HD in each stage of the heat storage and release device SRH falls from the second chamber into the first chamber to release heat. At the same time, high-temperature and high-pressure air flows out of the storage tank TANK, flows through the coil HCP in the last stage of the heat storage and release device SRH to heat up, and then enters the corresponding stage of the expander TE to expand before flowing into the coil HCP in the next stage of the heat storage and release device SRH. The expander TE expands and does work to drive the generator G to generate electricity. The low-temperature and low-pressure air flowing out of the first stage expander TE enters the outside atmosphere. When the TANK is equipped with a third valve CV3, the third valve CV3 is closed during both energy storage and energy release for power generation. When energy release for power generation ends, the second valve CV2 is closed and the third valve CV3 is opened to connect the inside of the TANK with the external atmospheric environment.

9. A method for generating electricity by reversing heat storage and release of compressed air according to claim 8, characterized in that: When storing energy, the power generated by the energy storage power generation system comes from surplus electricity, which includes one or more of the following: electricity generated during off-peak hours of the power grid system, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, and biomass power generation. When releasing energy, the generator G in the energy storage power generation system generates electricity to supply itself while also feeding back into the power grid system.

10. A method for generating electricity by inverted heat storage and release compressed air according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: During energy storage, when the heat storage medium HD falls entirely into the first cavity, the flip motor M2 drives the heat storage and heat release device SRH to shake at every interval Δt1; or during energy release and power generation, when the heat storage medium HD falls entirely into the first cavity, the flip motor M2 drives the heat storage and heat release device SRH to shake at every interval Δt2.

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