Self-adaptive pressure release system and method suitable for high-drop filling in mine

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of mine filling transportation and underground safety protection, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive pressure relief system and method suitable for mine high-fall filling. The content includes: collecting the measurement data of the mine high-fall filling main pipeline, dividing the action section, calculating the section-level target energy absorption, matching the shock frequency band characteristics of the action section with the dynamics characteristics of the relief module to obtain the mechanical parameters of the relief module, constructing the throttling opening subsection function based on the mechanical parameters of the relief module, calculating the actual energy absorption capacity of the relief module, obtaining the total energy absorption, combining the section-level target energy absorption, and adjusting the parameters of the relief module in a closed loop to realize pressure relief. The present application solves the problems of traditional pressure relief methods, such as lack of accurate identification and segmented control of the pressure wave characteristics along the way, low energy absorption efficiency, easy mis-triggering or delayed response, lack of hysteresis control, easy to cause secondary fluctuations of flow and pressure, lack of closed-loop verification mechanism, and problems of insufficient or excessive configuration.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine filling transportation and underground safety protection, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive pressure relief system and method suitable for mine high-drop filling. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important part of green mine construction, mine filling technology can realize the timely backfilling of goaf in the mining process, prevent surface subsidence, control surrounding rock deformation, and effectively utilize tailings resources. In the conditions of deep mines and high-drop roadways, the filling medium is mostly high-concentration slurry, which is transported to the working face through long-distance and high-drop main pipelines. Due to the limitations of terrain and shaft structure, the filling pipeline often contains shafts, inclined roadways and multiple turns. During the transportation process, a large amount of pressure fluctuation is easily generated due to the conversion of high-drop potential energy into kinetic energy, especially in the case of pump start-stop, valve adjustment or flow mutation, which will form obvious water hammer effect and shock wave propagation. Such impact will not only cause fatigue damage to the pipeline and joint, but also may cause flange leakage, support loosening and even pipeline rupture, affecting the safe operation of the mine filling system.

[0003] At the same time, the mine operation environment is complex, the installation space is limited, and the continuous operation is required, which puts forward the requirements of compact structure, rapid response, no external energy driving and easy maintenance for the relief device. Therefore, it is of important engineering significance and application value to develop a passive relief system that can adaptively respond to pressure fluctuation and efficiently dissipate impact energy for mine high-drop filling conditions.

[0004] However, the traditional pressure relief method has the following technical problems: in the process of mine high-drop filling, there is a lack of accurate identification and segmented control of the characteristics of the pressure wave along the way, the energy absorption efficiency is low, and the non-overrun state is prone to false triggering or delayed response, causing energy release not in time; there is a lack of hysteresis control, which is prone to repeated switching under the condition of frequent pressure fluctuation, causing secondary fluctuations of flow and pressure, and reducing the stability of the system; in addition, the traditional pressure relief method is often difficult to realize modular installation and maintenance in the limited underground space, and the main pipeline needs to be interrupted during maintenance, affecting continuous filling operation, and the design of energy absorption capacity depends on empirical values, lacks a closed-loop verification mechanism, and has the problems of insufficient or excessive configuration. SUMMARY

[0005] The application provides a self-adaptive pressure relief system and method suitable for high-fall filling in a mine, to solve the problems of traditional pressure relief methods, such as lack of accurate identification and segmented control of the characteristics of pressure waves along the way, low energy absorption efficiency, easy mis-triggering or delayed response under non-overrun conditions, causing untimely energy release, lack of hysteresis control, easy repeated switching under frequent pressure fluctuations, causing secondary fluctuations of flow and pressure, reducing system stability, difficulty in modular installation and maintenance in limited underground space, interruption of main pipeline operation during maintenance, affecting continuous filling operation, and dependence on empirical values for energy absorption capacity design, lack of closed-loop verification mechanism, and problems of insufficient or excessive configuration.

[0006] The self-adaptive pressure relief system and method suitable for high-fall filling in a mine of the application specifically includes the following technical solutions:

[0007] A self-adaptive pressure relief method suitable for high-fall filling in a mine includes the following steps:

[0008] S1, collect measurement data of the main pipeline of high-fall filling in a mine, divide the filling main pipeline into action sections, calculate the section-level target energy absorption, match the shock frequency band characteristics of the action sections with the dynamics characteristics of the relief module, and obtain the mechanical parameters of the relief module;

[0009] S2, based on the mechanical parameters of the relief module, construct a throttling opening subsection function and calculate the actual equivalent damping coefficient, based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient, calculate the actual energy absorption capacity of the relief module, obtain the total energy absorption, and based on the total energy absorption, combine the section-level target energy absorption to close-loop adjust the parameters of the relief module and realize pressure relief.

[0010] Preferably, the S1 specifically includes:

[0011] The measurement data includes pressure data, flow data, geometric parameters of the pipeline, and physical properties of the filling medium.

[0012] Preferably, the S1 specifically includes:

[0013] After dividing the action sections, the pressure data is processed into a pressure time history, a time interval containing the maximum pressure peak value is selected as the calculation window, and the comprehensive bulk modulus of each section is determined; based on the comprehensive bulk modulus, combined with the preset trigger pressure threshold, the section-level target energy absorption is calculated.

[0014] Preferably, the S1 specifically includes:

[0015] Based on the pressure time history in the calculation window, the main impact frequency of the pressure wave is obtained; the main impact frequency of the pressure wave is matched with the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module by introducing the constraint formula, and the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module include the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient.

[0016] Preferably, S1 specifically includes:

[0017] In the constraint formula, based on the main impact frequency of the pressure wave, a frequency matching constraint is established to obtain the ratio of the stiffness of the elastic element to the mass of the inertial mass block; then, combined with the preset target damping ratio, a damping ratio matching constraint is established to calculate the target equivalent damping coefficient; and based on the trigger pressure threshold, combined with the cross-sectional area of the main pipeline and the minimum entry stroke of the inertial mass block, an entry condition constraint is constructed to check whether the stiffness of the elastic element meets the entry condition, and if not, the mass of the inertial mass block is adjusted, and the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient are recalculated until the three constraints are simultaneously established.

[0018] Preferably, S2 specifically includes:

[0019] In the throttling opening degree segmentation function, according to the pressure change, combined with the preset hysteresis lower limit, hysteresis upper limit and opening degree upper limit, a segmented hysteresis opening degree curve of the entry section, high section and exit section is generated, and the instantaneous effective flow area of the throttling opening is output; based on the instantaneous effective flow area of the throttling opening, a damping increment coefficient is introduced to obtain an actual equivalent damping coefficient, and the actual flow energy dissipation characteristics are quantified.

[0020] Preferably, S2 specifically includes:

[0021] Based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient, combined with the instantaneous displacement speed of the inertial mass block, the energy dissipation rate is obtained; based on the energy dissipation rate, combined with the throttling pressure drop and the instantaneous flow of the bypass branch, and through the integral operation, the total energy absorption is obtained; the throttling pressure drop is generated based on the instantaneous flow of the bypass branch, the throttling aperture, the damping liquid viscosity and the pulp density.

[0022] Preferably, S2 specifically includes:

[0023] The total energy absorption is compared with the section-level target energy absorption, when the total energy absorption is less than the section-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted until the adjusted total energy absorption meets or is higher than the section-level target energy absorption, and the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient remain unchanged; the parameters of the slow-release module obtained after adjustment are installed according to the predetermined arrangement strategy, and pressure loading and interlocking detection are performed, when the pressure does not exceed the trigger pressure threshold in operation, the main flow is straight through, and when the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded, the slow-release module enters the energy absorption state, and returns to the original position after the impact disappears.

[0024] An adaptive pressure relief system suitable for mine high drop filling, comprising the following parts:

[0025] Along the monitoring module, segmented modeling module, mechanical parameter matching module, throttle characteristics implementation module, energy absorption capacity calculation module, parameter closed loop adjustment module, module integration and installation module;

[0026] The along the monitoring module, real-time acquisition of pressure data and flow data, while collecting the geometric parameters of the pipeline, and the physical properties of the filling medium, output measurement data and pass to the segmented modeling module and energy absorption capacity calculation module;

[0027] The segmented modeling module, the filling main pipeline is divided into action section, the measured data is processed into the pressure time history of each action section, and the time interval containing the maximum pressure peak is selected as the calculation window, the integrated bulk modulus of the section is determined, and the target energy absorption of the section is calculated when the section exceeds the trigger pressure threshold; the pressure time history contained in the calculation window is passed to the mechanical parameter matching module; the section-level target energy absorption is passed to the parameter closed loop adjustment module;

[0028] The mechanical parameter matching module, based on the received pressure time history, obtains the main impact frequency of the pressure wave; the constraint formula is introduced, the main impact frequency of the pressure wave is matched with the mechanical parameters of the relief module, the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient of the relief module are obtained; the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient are transmitted to the throttle characteristics implementation module and the parameter closed loop adjustment module;

[0029] The throttle characteristics implementation module, based on the target equivalent damping coefficient, constructs a throttle opening degree segmented function, generates a segmented hysteretic opening curve for the entering section, the high section and the exiting section, outputs the instantaneous effective flow area of the throttle opening, and obtains the actual equivalent damping coefficient; the actual equivalent damping coefficient is transmitted to the energy absorption capacity calculation module;

[0030] The energy absorption capacity calculation module, based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient, calculates the total energy absorption of the relief module in the target action section; the total energy absorption is transmitted to the parameter closed loop adjustment module;

[0031] The parameter closed loop adjustment module compares the total energy absorption with the section-level target energy absorption, when the total energy absorption is lower than the section-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the relief module are adjusted in turn until the total energy absorption meets or is higher than the section-level target energy absorption, and the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient are kept unchanged; the adjusted parameters of the relief module are output to the module integration and installation module;

[0032] The module integration and installation module installs the slow-release module after closed-loop adjustment according to a predetermined arrangement strategy, and performs pressure loading and interlocking detection to confirm that the performance of each module meets the design requirements.

[0033] The technical solution of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The present application can accurately match the pressure wave characteristics of different action sections along the filling process of the mine high drop, obtain the target energy absorption demand of each action section through field measurement and segmented calculation, and directly convert the target energy absorption demand of each section into mechanical parameters such as the inertial mass block mass, elastic element stiffness and target equivalent damping coefficient of the slow-release module, so that the natural response frequency of the slow-release module is consistent with the energy main frequency of the shock wave, and the slow-release module works efficiently in the frequency band with the highest energy transmission efficiency.

[0035] 2. Multiple constraint conditions are introduced in the design to ensure that the slow-release module only enters the working state when the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded, avoiding false actions in normal operation or slight fluctuations, and quickly entering the energy absorption state when the pressure wave peak appears and stably returning after the shock wave disappears, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the adaptive pressure slow-release system.

[0036] 3. Through the combination of mechanical cam and throttle plate and the hysteresis locking structure, the segmented regulation of the throttle opening with the change of pressure is realized, which not only ensures the rapid opening response when approaching the trigger pressure threshold, but also limits the maximum opening at the high position to prevent excessive shunting from affecting the main flow slurry supply, and through the hysteresis characteristic in the exit stage, the system oscillation caused by frequent opening and closing is avoided, thereby improving the stability of the slow-release process.

[0037] 4. The inertial mass block-spring-damping cavity is designed in an integrated manner, and is matched with the pipeline arrangement in parallel or in parallel, which is compact in structure, convenient to install, can realize modular arrangement without changing the original main pipeline structure, and can maintain the smoothness of the main flow through the bypass valve switching during maintenance, reducing the downtime; in the energy absorption capacity verification link, through the closed-loop comparison of the total energy absorption and the target energy absorption of each section, and the fine adjustment of the damping cavity volume, throttle aperture and damping liquid viscosity, the finally configured slow-release module not only meets the safety redundancy in energy absorption, but also avoids the increase of cost and waste of space caused by excessive configuration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 A structural diagram of an adaptive pressure slow-release system suitable for mine high-drop filling according to the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 A flowchart of an adaptive pressure slow-release method suitable for mine high-drop filling according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to further clarify the technical means and effects taken by the present application to achieve the predetermined object of the application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0042] The specific scheme of the self-adaptive pressure slow-release system and method suitable for high-drop filling in a mine provided by the present application will be specifically described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0043] Referring to the drawings Figure 1 which shows a structure diagram of a self-adaptive pressure slow-release system suitable for high-drop filling in a mine provided by an embodiment of the present application, the system comprises the following parts:

[0044] a section-by-section monitoring module, a section-by-section modeling module, a mechanical parameter matching module, a throttling characteristic implementation module, an energy absorption capacity calculation module, a parameter closed-loop adjustment module, a module integration and installation module;

[0045] The section-by-section monitoring module collects pressure data and flow data in real time at upstream, middle and downstream positions of each candidate action section of the filling main pipeline of the mine high-drop filling, simultaneously collects geometric parameters of the pipeline such as length, diameter, elbow and valve position, and physical properties of the filling medium, outputs the measurement data and transmits them to the section-by-section modeling module and the energy absorption capacity calculation module;

[0046] The section-by-section modeling module divides the filling main pipeline into multiple action sections according to the spatial layout of the mine shaft or inclined roadway and the shock wave propagation path, processes the measurement data into the pressure time history of each action section, selects a time interval containing the maximum pressure peak value as a calculation window, determines the bulk modulus of the section, calculates the target energy absorption of the section under the condition of exceeding the trigger pressure threshold, obtains the section-level target energy absorption, transmits the pressure time history contained in the calculation window to the mechanical parameter matching module, and transmits the section-level target energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module;

[0047] The mechanical parameter matching module obtains a main impact frequency of the pressure wave based on the received pressure time history, introduces a constraint formula related to each other, matches the main impact frequency of the pressure wave with the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, obtains the inertial mass block mass, the elastic element stiffness and the target equivalent damping coefficient of the slow-release module, ensures that the slow-release module only acts when the filling main pipeline pressure exceeds the trigger pressure threshold, and transmits the inertial mass block mass, the elastic element stiffness and the target equivalent damping coefficient to the throttling characteristic implementation module and the parameter closed-loop adjustment module.

[0048] The throttling characteristic implementation module constructs a throttling opening degree segmented function based on the target equivalent damping coefficient, adopts a cam-throttling piece combined mechanism connected with the main pipeline, cooperates with a pre-tightening spring and a pawl structure, forms a segmented hysteresis opening degree curve of an entering section, a high position section and an exiting section, outputs an instantaneous effective flow area of a throttling opening, and obtains an actual equivalent damping coefficient; and transmits the actual equivalent damping coefficient to the energy absorption capacity calculation module.

[0049] The energy absorption capacity calculation module calculates total energy absorption of the slow-release module in a target action section based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient; and transmits the total energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module.

[0050] The parameter closed-loop adjustment module compares the total energy absorption with a section-level target energy absorption, adjusts parameters of the slow-release module in sequence when the total energy absorption is lower than the section-level target energy absorption, until the total energy absorption meets or is higher than the section-level target energy absorption, and keeps the inertial mass block mass, the elastic element stiffness and the target equivalent damping coefficient unchanged; and outputs the adjusted parameters of the slow-release module to the module integration and installation module.

[0051] The module integration and installation module installs the slow-release module after closed-loop adjustment in a vertical shaft, an inclined roadway and a shock reflection concentrated position according to a predetermined arrangement strategy; after installation is completed, performs pressure loading and interlocking detection, and confirms that performances of the modules meet design requirements.

[0052] Referring to the accompanying drawings Figure 2 which shows a self-adaptive pressure slow-release method flow chart suitable for mine high-drop filling provided by one embodiment of the present application, the method comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1, measurement data of a mine high-drop filling main pipeline is collected, after the filling main pipeline is divided into action sections, section-level target energy absorption is calculated, impact frequency band characteristics of the action sections are matched with dynamics characteristics of the slow-release module, and mechanical parameters of the slow-release module are obtained;

[0054] The pressure data and flow data are collected along the filling main pipeline of the mine high drop, and the collection points are arranged at the upstream, middle and downstream positions of each candidate action section to ensure that the propagation and reflection characteristics of the shock wave in the action section can be captured. The collection process should be carried out under the stable backfilling condition, and the instantaneous pressure and corresponding flow change are recorded within the preset observation period with high frequency sampling (not less than 100 Hz) to reflect the full waveform characteristics of the water hammer effect. At the same time of data collection, the geometric parameters (length, diameter, elbow and valve position, etc.) of the pipeline and the physical properties (density, temperature, solid content, etc.) of the filling medium are recorded to obtain the measurement data;

[0055] In the mine high drop filling process, the filling main pipeline is geometrically segmented based on the spatial distribution of the mine shaft or inclined roadway and the propagation path of the shock wave, and each segment is defined as an action section The segmentation principle of the filling main pipeline is to combine the positions of the impedance change, the geometric turning points and the known pressure wave reflection concentration area to ensure that the segment can cover the spatial interval where the shock energy is most concentrated. After determining the segment, the pressure data in the measurement data is processed into a pressure time history, the time interval containing the maximum pressure peak value is selected as the calculation window, and the integrated bulk modulus of each segment is measured to reflect the compressibility of the filling medium and the elastic properties of the pipe wall. The measurement method of the integrated bulk modulus is a known technical means for those skilled in the art, which is not described here; the target energy absorption of each segment under the condition of exceeding the trigger pressure threshold value is calculated to obtain the segment-level target energy absorption, and the specific formula is:

[0056]

[0057] Wherein, is the target energy absorption of the first segment pipeline, i.e. the segment-level target energy absorption, indicating the minimum energy that needs to be absorbed by the inertial damping release module of the current segment under the condition of exceeding the trigger pressure threshold value, and the trigger pressure threshold value is set according to the expert experience method; is a time variable; is a time integral window; is a spatial coordinate along the axial direction of the pipeline, used to describe the position in the segment; is the spatial range of the first segment pipeline, i.e. the action section; is the absolute pressure in the pipeline at time , position ; is the trigger pressure threshold value at time , i.e. the minimum pressure at which the inertial damping release module starts to act; is the integrated bulk modulus of the first segment pipeline, indicating the first Combined compressibility of fluid in the section pipeline and the wall of the pipeline; S represents the cross-sectional area of the filling main pipeline, which is derived from the geometric parameters of the pipeline;

[0058] The inertial damping slow-release module (hereinafter referred to as "slow-release module") is a passive slow-release unit installed on the parallel or side-connection branch of the high-drop filling main pipeline of the mine, which is composed of an inertial mass, an elastic element and a sealed cavity (i.e. damping cavity) filled with filling damping liquid; the inertial mass can be controlled to displace axially through the internal guide structure; the elastic element (such as a spiral compression spring or a high polymer elastic element) is connected with the inertial mass, and is used to provide a restoring force after the displacement of the inertial mass; the damping cavity is filled with damping liquid, and a throttling unit is arranged, which converts the kinetic energy of the inertial mass movement into heat energy dissipation through the viscous resistance and throttling effect of the liquid; the inlet of the slow-release module is communicated with the main pipeline through a flange, when the pressure of the filling main pipeline exceeds the set trigger pressure threshold, part of the slurry enters the slow-release module through the bypass channel, impacts the inertial mass and causes its displacement, and then triggers the elastic element and the damping cavity to jointly act to reduce the pressure peak value; when the pressure falls below the trigger pressure threshold, the inertial mass is reset under the action of the elastic element, and the bypass flow stops; the "slow-release module" in the present application specifically refers to such an integrated slow-release device of inertial mass-spring-damping cavity, and does not include the main pipeline body, the pump station or other pipe network components;

[0059] The segment-level target energy absorption is converted into the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, and an accurate matching relationship between the main impact frequency band characteristics of the acting section and the dynamic characteristics of the slow-release module is established, so as to ensure that the slow-release module works efficiently in the frequency range where the pressure wave energy is most concentrated, and at the same time, ensure that no misoperation occurs when the trigger pressure threshold is not reached; by introducing a set of interrelated constraint formulas, the frequency band characteristics, damping demand and entry conditions of each segmented pressure wave are directly converted into the design values of the mass of the inertial mass, the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient;

[0060] Firstly, the frequency matching constraint is established according to the main impact frequency of the pressure wave of the current segment:

[0061]

[0062] wherein, is the undamped natural frequency of the slow-release module, which represents the free vibration angular frequency of the inertial mass without damping, and is used to match the main impact frequency of the pressure wave of the acting section; is the stiffness of the elastic element, which represents the restoring force generated by the elastic element under unit displacement; is the mass of the inertial mass, which represents the effective mass participating in vibration and absorbing energy; is the first The dominant impact frequency of the pressure wave in each action segment is obtained by analyzing the pressure time history using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) or Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to determine the frequency distribution. The frequency component with the highest energy concentration is selected as the dominant impact frequency of the pressure wave. Both FFT and STFT are techniques well-known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated upon here. Frequency matching constraints are used to ensure that the undamped natural frequency of the sustained-release module matches the dominant impact frequency of the pressure wave, thereby enabling operation within the frequency band with the highest energy transfer efficiency.

[0063] Next, based on the stiffness of the elastic element determined after frequency matching... and inertial mass block mass Establish damping ratio matching constraints:

[0064]

[0065] in, It is the actual damping ratio, which represents the ratio of the damping force to the critical damping force; The preset target damping ratio is used to achieve rapid and stable return to position after impact. It is set according to expert experience and the value ranges from 0.7 to 1.2. It is the equivalent damping coefficient, which represents the damping force generated by the damping element when the displacement velocity is 1 m / s;

[0066] Finally, an entry condition constraint is introduced to ensure that the slow-release module only enters the working state when the pressure exceeds the preset trigger pressure threshold:

[0067]

[0068] in, This represents the minimum entry stroke of the inertial mass block. It is a trigger pressure threshold. When the pressure in the main pipeline reaches the trigger pressure threshold, the flow begins to be diverted into the slow-release module. The main pipeline cross-sectional area. The entry condition constraints ensure that the trigger pressure threshold is reached. The hydraulic force at the time is exactly matched with the spring force required for the minimum entry stroke, which avoids false triggering when the limit is not exceeded and ensures timely entry when the limit is exceeded.

[0069] In practical solutions, the first step is to determine the main impact frequency of the pressure wave as measured on-site. Determine the ratio of the stiffness of the elastic element to the mass of the inertial mass block. Then, combined with the target damping ratio Calculate the required equivalent damping coefficient (i.e., the target equivalent damping coefficient), and then through the trigger pressure threshold Main pipeline cross-sectional area Minimum entry stroke of the inertial mass block Check the stiffness of elastic element Whether the entering condition is met, if not, adjust the mass of inertia mass block within the feasible range of engineering , and re-calculate the stiffness of elastic element in turn And the target equivalent damping coefficient , until the three constraints are met at the same time.

[0070] S2, based on the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, construct the throttling opening piecewise function, and calculate the actual equivalent damping coefficient; based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient, calculate the actual energy absorption capacity of the slow-release module, and get the total energy absorption; based on the total energy absorption, combined with the segment-level target energy absorption, close-loop adjust the parameters of the slow-release module, realize pressure slow-release.

[0071] In order to quickly enter the energy absorption state when the over-limit pressure wave of mine high drop filling conveying arrives, maintain the main flow straight through under normal pressure and slight fluctuation conditions, and smoothly exit the energy absorption state after the pressure falls back, a throttling opening curve with clear segmentation characteristics must be designed, that is, the throttling opening piecewise function. The combination of cam-throttling piece and pre-tightening spring and ratchet locking structure is adopted to realize the change of opening degree through the direct coupling of mechanical displacement and pressure action. When the pressure rises from normal to close to the trigger pressure threshold and exceeds the hysteresis lower limit, the throttling opening starts to increase according to the opening slope of the entering segment, forming a bypass channel to absorb impact energy. With the pressure further rising to the hysteresis upper limit, the throttling opening reaches the maximum entering value of the entering segment, and then turns into the high position segment control state; the high position segment should be limited to the upper limit of the opening degree after reaching the set opening degree, so as to prevent excessive shunting from affecting the main flow of slurry supply; the exit segment needs to use the hysteresis characteristic to control the closing process, so as to ensure that when the pressure falls from the high position segment to below the hysteresis upper limit, the throttling opening gradually decreases, and when the pressure is below the hysteresis lower limit, it returns to normal completely, avoiding the flow and pressure fluctuations caused by frequent opening and closing. The specific formula of the throttling opening piecewise function is:

[0072]

[0073] Wherein, is the throttling opening function, which outputs the instantaneous effective flow area of the throttling opening; is the normal (untriggered) minimum opening area; is the instantaneous pressure acting on the inlet of the slow-release module; is the hysteresis window width, which is obtained by converting the displacement difference and the corresponding pressure difference of mechanical clamping / release, and the value range is 0.02-0.08; is the opening slope of the entering segment , which reflects the rate of increase of the opening area when the pressure increases, and the value range is , is the hysteresis lower limit, is the upper limit of hysteresis; is the opening slope of high section , the value range is ; is the maximum opening area allowed by the structure, i.e. the upper limit of opening, is the orifice diameter; the opening slope , is obtained by linear fitting, which is a well-known technical means for those skilled in the art and will not be repeated here;

[0074] In mechanical design, the throttling unit is composed of cam, spring, pawl and throttle plate, etc. The throttling opening changes with pressure according to the preset hysteresis characteristics, which is divided into entering section, high section and exiting section. The throttling opening at each moment corresponds to the flow area of the fluid passing through the throttling unit, and the flow area determines the relationship between flow and throttling pressure drop. The resistance matrix generated by the pulp medium flowing through the throttling unit when passing through the opening can be approximately converted into damping force proportional to displacement velocity, therefore, by establishing the function relationship between equivalent damping coefficient and throttling opening function, the actual flow energy consumption characteristics are reflected by the equivalent damping coefficient, and the specific formula is:

[0075]

[0076] wherein, is the actual equivalent damping coefficient varying with pressure, i.e. the actual equivalent damping coefficient; is the cavity background damping coefficient, which is obtained by fixed opening test; is the damping increment coefficient caused by opening change, which represents the amplitude of equivalent damping increase per 1m² throttling opening. By adjusting the opening slope of entering section , the opening slope of high section and the orifice diameter , until approaches the target equivalent damping coefficient ; the orifice diameter

[0077] is a known parameter in the filling process, which is not limited here.After the structure of the opening-damping relationship is completed, the actual energy absorption capacity of the slow-release module in the target action section needs to be quantitatively calculated to obtain the total energy absorption, and the total energy absorption is compared with the section-level target energy absorption to verify the effectiveness and sufficiency of the parameter configuration of the slow-release module. In the parallel or side-connection pipeline configuration of the mine high-fall filling conveying, the reciprocating motion of the inertial mass block-spring-damping cavity forms a displacement response, the product of the square term of the speed of the displacement response and the actual equivalent damping coefficient represents the energy dissipation rate generated by viscous and structural damping at any time; at the same time, the bypass throttling unit generates a throttling pressure drop under the conditions of instantaneous opening, throttling aperture, damping liquid viscosity and fluid density, and the product of the throttling pressure drop and the instantaneous flow of the bypass branch represents the resistance work completed by the fluid passing through the throttling unit at the same instant; the total energy absorption is obtained by integrating the above two powers in the time integral window, and the specific formula is:

[0078] E i abs (V,d,μ)= ∫ t∈ W [ c eq (p) x ̇ 2 (t)+ Δ p thr (A(p),d,μ)q(t)] d t

[0079]

[0080] wherein, is the total energy absorption of the slow-release module of the first section pipeline in the time integral window , is the damping cavity volume, is the throttling aperture, is the damping liquid viscosity; is the instantaneous displacement speed of the inertial mass block in the time slow-release module, represents the energy dissipation rate at the time , is the instantaneous pressure drop generated by the throttling unit, i.e. the throttling pressure drop, and the value range is 0.05-0.5; is the instantaneous flow of the bypass branch at the time , and are empirical coefficients, which are obtained by expert experience method, and the value range is [0, 1]; is the pulp density; the damping cavity volume, the damping liquid viscosity and the pulp density are all known parameters in the filling process, and are not limited here;

[0081] if the total energy absorption is less than the section-level target energy absorption , the damping cavity volume , the throttling aperture and the damping liquid viscosity are adjusted in turn until the adjusted total energy absorption Meet or above segment level target energy absorption While maintaining inertial mass quality Spring element stiffness Target equivalent damping coefficient Invariable.

[0082] Through the above closed-loop process, the final parameters of each segment of the slow-release module are obtained, including inertial mass quality Spring element stiffness Damping cavity volume Orifice diameter Damping liquid viscosity And opening parameters , , And are installed in the shaft, inclined lane and impact reflection concentrated position according to the predetermined arrangement strategy. After installation, pressure loading and interlocking detection are carried out. When the trigger pressure threshold is not exceeded in operation, the main flow is straight through, and when the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded, the slow-release module quickly enters the energy absorption state, absorbs impact energy and returns to the stable position after the impact disappears.

[0083] In the above scheme, all force-related measurement data (such as pressure data) are converted into megapascals (MPa), all length, diameter and other geometric parameters are converted into meters (m), and area parameters are converted into square meters (m²). The purpose is to eliminate the problem of multiple dimensions and ensure that the physical quantities have consistent numerical scales in subsequent analysis or modeling.

[0084] In summary, a self-adaptive pressure slow-release system and method suitable for mine high-drop filling are completed.

[0085] The order of the embodiments of the application is only for description, not representing the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multi-task processing and parallel processing are also possible or can be advantageous.

[0086] Each embodiment in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between each embodiment can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0087] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalent features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-adapting pressure release method suitable for high drop filling in a mine, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting measurement data of a mine high-drop filling main pipeline, including pressure data, flow data, geometric parameters of the pipeline, and physical properties of the filling medium, and after the filling main pipeline is divided into action sections, the pressure data is processed into a pressure time history, a time interval containing a maximum pressure peak value is selected as a calculation window, and a comprehensive bulk modulus of each section is determined; Based on the comprehensive bulk modulus, the segment-level target energy absorption is calculated by combining a preset trigger pressure threshold; based on the pressure time history in the calculation window, the main impact frequency of the pressure wave is obtained; the main impact frequency of the pressure wave is matched with the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module by introducing a constraint formula related to each other, so that the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module are obtained; the slow-release module is composed of an inertial mass block, an elastic element and a sealed cavity of filling damping liquid; in the constraint formula, based on the main impact frequency of the pressure wave, a frequency matching constraint is established to obtain the ratio of the stiffness of the elastic element to the mass of the inertial mass block; then, a damping ratio matching constraint is established by combining a preset target damping ratio, and the target equivalent damping coefficient is calculated; then, based on the trigger pressure threshold, the entering condition constraint is constructed by combining the cross-sectional area of the main pipeline and the minimum entering stroke of the inertial mass block, and whether the stiffness of the elastic element meets the entering condition is checked; if not, the mass of the inertial mass block is adjusted, and the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient are recalculated until the three constraints are simultaneously established; S2, based on the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, a throttling opening degree section function is constructed, a segmented hysteretic opening degree curve of the entering section, the high-position section and the exiting section is generated according to the pressure change by combining a preset hysteretic lower limit, a hysteretic upper limit and an opening degree upper limit, and the instantaneous effective flow area of the throttling opening is output; based on the instantaneous effective flow area of the throttling opening, a damping increment coefficient is introduced to calculate the actual equivalent damping coefficient; Based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient, the energy dissipation rate is obtained in combination with the instantaneous displacement speed of the inertial mass block; Based on the energy dissipation rate, the total energy absorption is obtained by combining the throttling pressure drop and the instantaneous flow of the bypass branch and through the integral operation; based on the total energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted in a closed loop in combination with the segment-level target energy absorption, so as to realize pressure slow release.

2. A self-adapting pressure release method for high fall filling in a mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S1 specifically comprises: The mechanical parameters of the slow-release module include the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient.

3. A self-adapting pressure release method for high fall filling in a mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S2 specifically comprises: The throttling pressure drop is generated based on the instantaneous flow of the bypass branch, the throttling aperture, the viscosity of the damping liquid and the density of the ore slurry.

4. A self-adapting pressure release method for high fall filling in a mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S2 specifically comprises: The total energy absorption is compared with the segment-level target energy absorption; when the total energy absorption is less than the segment-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted until the adjusted total energy absorption meets or is higher than the segment-level target energy absorption, and the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element and the target equivalent damping coefficient remain unchanged; the parameters of the slow-release module obtained after adjustment are installed according to a predetermined arrangement strategy, and pressure loading and interlocking detection are performed; when the pressure does not exceed the trigger pressure threshold during operation, the main flow is directly passed through, and when the pressure exceeds the trigger pressure threshold, the slow-release module enters the energy absorption state and returns to the original position after the impact disappears.

5. A self-adapting pressure release system for high differential filling in mines, applied to a self-adapting pressure release method for high differential filling in mines as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The method comprises the following parts: The along-path monitoring module, the segmented modeling module, the mechanical parameter matching module, the throttling characteristic implementation module, the energy absorption capacity calculation module, the parameter closed-loop adjustment module, and the module integration and installation module are connected in series. The along-path monitoring module collects pressure data and flow data in real time, collects geometric parameters of the pipeline and physical properties of the filling medium at the same time, and outputs measurement data to the segmented modeling module and the energy absorption capacity calculation module. The segmented modeling module divides the filling main pipeline into action segments, processes the measurement data into pressure time histories of each action segment, selects a time interval containing the maximum pressure peak value as a calculation window, measures the integrated bulk modulus of the segments, calculates the target energy absorption of the segments under the condition of exceeding the trigger pressure threshold, obtains the segment-level target energy absorption, transmits the pressure time history contained in the calculation window to the mechanical parameter matching module, and transmits the segment-level target energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module. The mechanical parameter matching module obtains the main impact frequency of the pressure wave based on the received pressure time history, matches the main impact frequency of the pressure wave with the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module by introducing a constraint formula related to each other, obtains the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient of the slow-release module, and transmits the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient to the throttling characteristic implementation module and the parameter closed-loop adjustment module. The throttling characteristic implementation module constructs a throttling opening degree segmented function based on the target equivalent damping coefficient, generates a segmented hysteretic opening curve for the entering segment, the high-level segment, and the exiting segment, outputs the instantaneous effective flow area of the throttling opening, and obtains the actual equivalent damping coefficient. The actual equivalent damping coefficient is transmitted to the energy absorption capacity calculation module. The energy absorption capacity calculation module calculates the total energy absorption of the slow-release module in the target action segment based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient, and transmits the total energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module. The parameter closed-loop adjustment module compares the total energy absorption with the segment-level target energy absorption, adjusts the parameters of the slow-release module in sequence when the total energy absorption is lower than the segment-level target energy absorption, until the total energy absorption meets or is higher than the segment-level target energy absorption, and keeps the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient unchanged, and outputs the adjusted parameters of the slow-release module to the module integration and installation module. The module integration and installation module installs the slow-release module after closed-loop adjustment according to a predetermined arrangement strategy, performs pressure loading and interlocking detection, and confirms that the performance of each module meets the design requirements.

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