Research instrument and research method for plant root diseases

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant root disease research, and provides a research instrument for plant root diseases and a research method thereof, which can be matched with the same plant to form a plurality of mutually independent root culture spaces and can be matched with the growth of root systems to form active guidance in the growth direction. The device comprises a planting pot and a plurality of root guiding and culturing mechanisms, a middle protruding island is arranged in the planting pot, an extension lower protruding ring is arranged at the bottom end of the planting pot, and a plurality of root guiding and culturing mechanisms are arranged at the bottom end of the planting pot. A plurality of root penetrating holes are formed in the bottom end of the extension lower convex ring, each root guiding culture mechanism comprises a root external expansion culture box, the root external expansion culture boxes are detachably connected with the extension lower convex ring, and first side vertical rails and second side vertical rails are arranged in the root external expansion culture boxes; and first lifting pipes are arranged in the multiple first side vertical rails.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant root disease research, and in particular to a research instrument and a research method for plant root diseases. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, plant root diseases are one of the key factors affecting crop yield and quality. With the development of agricultural modernization, the demand for in-depth research on plant roots is increasing. To facilitate the research on plant root diseases, we propose a research instrument and research method for plant root diseases.

[0003] After searching, the Chinese patent application number CN201820616266.2 discloses a culture box for studying root diseases of cruciferous plants. It is roughly described as comprising a box body and a box cover. The box cover is screwed to the box body by a thread. A circle of anti-overflow bosses is provided on the upper surface of the box cover. A plurality of culture holes are provided in the circle of the anti-overflow bosses. The box body and the box cover are both made of transparent materials. The culture box is filled with culture solution. The nutrient solution overflows the culture holes and is surrounded by the anti-overflow bosses. Seeds are placed on the culture holes. Under experimental conditions, seedlings can be cultured and the root disease condition can be observed through the transparent box body. The box cover can also be unscrewed to observe the root condition more intuitively. The Chinese patent application number is CN2 Patent 01822118916.3 discloses an instrument for researching plant root diseases, which is roughly described as including a holding chamber for holding plant seeds, with several connecting units provided at the bottom of the holding chamber and / or the outside of the holding chamber body, and the several connecting units are connected to the holding chamber. When in use, the crop seeds to be experimentally studied are placed in the holding chamber for rooting and germination. After rooting, the roots of the seeds will extend into each connecting unit. Each connecting unit is connected to an external solution injection device, which can realize targeted research on complex diseases / nutrition / microbial diversity of the roots of a single crop, and has high experimental research value.

[0004] Although both of the above-mentioned existing technical solutions can be used for plant cultivation and can support the research on plant root diseases, in actual situations, the diseases in the soil cover a complex variety. In order to support the research on plant root diseases, it is inevitable to perform repeated operations. At the same time, it is also necessary to classify and adjust the research factors, and use the control variable method or the single variable method to form a research and analysis of multiple factors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an instrument and method for studying plant root diseases, which can form multiple independent root culture spaces for the same plant, can actively guide the growth direction of the root system, facilitate the formation of a zoned culture mode for the root system of the same plant, and then facilitate the creation of multiple independent experimental environments for the same root system. The multiple experimental environments are more independent of each other and more practical.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an instrument for researching plant root diseases, comprising a planting pot and a plurality of root guiding and cultivating mechanisms, wherein a central raised island is provided in the planting pot, an outward-extending lower raised ring is provided at the bottom end of the planting pot, and a plurality of root holes are opened at the bottom end of the outward-extending lower raised ring, and the plurality of root guiding and cultivating mechanisms each comprise a root outward-expanding cultivation box, and the plurality of root outward-expanding cultivation boxes are each detachably connected to the outward-extending lower raised ring, a first side vertical track and a second side vertical track are each provided in the plurality of the first side vertical tracks, a first lifting tube is each provided in the plurality of the first lifting tubes, a first water distribution sponge is each fixedly connected to the plurality of the first lifting tubes, a second lifting tube is each provided in the plurality of the second side vertical tracks, a second water distribution sponge is each fixedly connected to the plurality of the second lifting tubes, a lifting water storage assembly is installed outside the plurality of root outward-expanding cultivation boxes, the plurality of lifting water storage assemblies are respectively matched with the plurality of the first lifting tubes, and the plurality of lifting water storage assemblies are also respectively matched with the plurality of the second lifting tubes, and the planting pot is equipped with a seed supporting mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the plurality of root expansion culture boxes are each provided with two circular holes, the bottom end of the extended lower convex ring is fixedly connected with a plurality of first lower extension frames and a plurality of second lower extension frames, the plurality of first lower extension frames and the plurality of second lower extension frames are all threadedly connected with mounting bolts, and the plurality of mounting bolts respectively pass through the plurality of circular holes.

[0008] Preferably, multiple lifting and water storage components all include fixed guide sleeves, multiple fixed guide sleeves are respectively fixedly connected to multiple root-expanding culture boxes, multiple fixed guide sleeves are slidably connected to lifting cylinders, multiple lifting cylinders are fixedly connected to guide cylinders, the top ends of multiple guide cylinders are connected to water storage boxes, the top ends of multiple water storage boxes are rotatably installed with rotating caps, the bottom ends of multiple guide cylinders are connected to first branch pipes and second branch pipes, multiple first branch pipes are respectively connected to multiple first lifting pipes, multiple second branch pipes are respectively connected to multiple second lifting pipes, and multiple fixed guide sleeves are installed with side pressure positioning structures.

[0009] Preferably, multiple fixed guide sleeves are fixedly connected to closed frames and open frames, multiple lifting cylinders are slidably connected to the multiple closed frames, multiple lifting cylinders are slidably fitted in the multiple open frames, and the top ends of multiple guide cylinders are connected to double-bend pipes, which are respectively connected to multiple water storage boxes, and the outer diameters of the multiple double-bend pipes are smaller than the width of the strip openings on the multiple open frames.

[0010] Preferably, the multiple side pressure positioning structures all include external side frames, the multiple external side frames are fixedly connected to the multiple closed frames respectively, the multiple external side frames are rotatably connected with rotating pressure frames, the multiple rotating pressure frames are respectively matched with the multiple lifting cylinders, the multiple rotating pressure frames are connected with tension springs, and the multiple tension springs are respectively connected to the multiple external side frames.

[0011] Preferably, the planting mechanism includes a movable chassis and a center column, the center column is fixedly connected to the movable chassis, the center column is equipped with a quick hook bracket, the quick hook bracket is fixedly connected to a positioning bracket, the positioning bracket is fixedly connected to two permanent magnets, the center column matches the permanent magnet, the quick hook bracket is fixedly connected to an upper extension rod outside, the upper extension rod is fixedly connected to a support ring, and the support ring is rotatably connected to the planting pot.

[0012] Preferably, the planting pot is provided with a plurality of side openings, a feeding bucket is fixedly connected to the support ring, the feeding bucket matches the plurality of side openings, an inclined slope is provided on the feeding bucket, a feeding hole is provided on the inclined slope, a closing plate is rotatably connected to the inclined slope, and the closing plate is used to block the feeding hole.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of first lower extension frames are all provided with a first inner slope surface, and the plurality of first inner slope surfaces are respectively matched with the plurality of first water distribution sponges; the plurality of second lower extension frames are all provided with a second inner slope surface, and the plurality of second inner slope surfaces are respectively matched with the plurality of second water distribution sponges.

[0014] Preferably, a planting platform is provided at the top of the central raised island, and the bottom ends of the plurality of first lifting tubes are fixedly connected with synchronization half rings, and the plurality of synchronization half rings are respectively fixedly connected with the plurality of second lifting tubes.

[0015] The research method for plant root diseases comprises the following steps: S1. Before conducting the study, it is first necessary to cultivate plants, and add nutrient soil to the planting pots and multiple root expansion culture boxes. When adding nutrient soil to the planting pots, the heights of the first water distribution sponge and the second water distribution sponge should be adjusted so that the first water distribution sponge and the second water distribution sponge can form a shield with the corresponding root holes to reduce the leakage of nutrient soil into the planting pot from the root holes. The amount of nutrient soil added to the planting pot should be enough to cover the highest position of the top of the central raised island by 1cm-3cm. The amount of nutrient soil added to the root expansion culture box should be flush with the topmost position of the root expansion culture box. When adding nutrient soil to the root expansion culture box, the first water distribution sponge and the second water distribution sponge should be controlled to be partially retracted into the corresponding first side vertical track and second side vertical track respectively to reduce the leakage of nutrient soil into the first side vertical track and the second side vertical track. S2. After the nutrient soil is added, the plant to be cultivated is planted in the upper area of ​​the central raised island, and the corresponding root holes of the first water distribution sponge and the second water distribution sponge are controlled to be covered, and water is added to the lifting water storage component. In the early stage of plant cultivation, the water in the first water distribution sponge and the second water distribution sponge will moisten the nutrient soil in the planting pot. Since it is the root system's inherent characteristic to grow towards water, during the growth process of the plant, the root system of the plant will grow towards the area near the root hole; S3. Regularly replenish water in the lifting water storage assembly. When the roots of the plant grow close to the root holes and are about to extend from the root holes, adjust the height of the first water distribution sponge and the second water distribution sponge to lower them to further guide the plant roots to grow downward until the plant roots grow into the nutrient soil in the root expansion culture box. Then, according to the growth rate of the plant roots in the nutrient soil in the root expansion culture box, the relative height of the first water distribution sponge in the first side vertical track and the relative height of the second water distribution sponge in the second side vertical track are adjusted in a coordinated manner; S4. Since both the first vertical track and the second vertical track are provided with water seepage holes, as the height of the first water distribution sponge and the second water distribution sponge changes, the moisture content of the nutrient soil at the matching height in the root expansion culture box is greater than that in other areas, thereby promoting the growth of the plant roots from top to bottom in the root expansion culture box; S5. After the roots of the plant grow to a sufficient depth in the root expansion culture box, pathogens are applied to the corresponding box mouth of the root expansion culture box. The corresponding pathogens will infect the root system in the root expansion culture box to achieve the research on plant root diseases. Since there is a gap between the top of the root expansion culture box and the lower convex ring of the extension, and only the plant roots pass through the gap without soil filling, it can effectively block the spread of bacteria through the soil, ensuring the accuracy of plant root disease research.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an instrument and method for studying plant root diseases, which have the following beneficial effects: (1) In the present invention, by setting up the root guiding and cultivating mechanism, a corresponding external root guiding structure can be formed with a matching planting pot, and a plurality of independent root cultivating spaces can be formed for the same plant.

[0017] (2) In the present invention, the first water distribution sponge, the second water distribution sponge and the lifting water storage assembly are matched to provide functional components for guiding and supplementing water sources for the root growth of plants. The components can match the growth of the root system to form active guidance of the growth direction, facilitate the formation of a zoned cultivation mode for the root system of the same plant, and then facilitate the creation of multiple independent experimental environments for the same root system, and the mutual independence between the multiple experimental environments is better.

[0018] (3) In the present invention, through the design of the support mechanism, a movable support structure can be provided for the planting pots. On the one hand, it is convenient for the support of multiple planting pots, and on the other hand, it is convenient for the spatial movement and adjustment of multiple planting pots, which is more practical. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the planting pot, the root expansion culture box and the lifting cylinder of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at B in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the planting pot, quick hook hanger and upper extension rod of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the support ring and the feeding bucket of the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the root expansion culture box, the first side vertical track and the second side vertical track of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the planting pot of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed guide sleeve, the closed frame and the open frame of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a bottom-up schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the planting pot, quick hook hanger, and upper extension rod of the present invention; Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10A local enlarged structure schematic view at C; Figure 12 A bottom view schematic view of the cooperation of the planting pot, the first lower extension frame and the second lower extension frame of the present application; Figure 13 A local sectional view schematic view of the planting pot of the present application.

[0020] In the figure: 1, planting pot; 2, middle raised island; 3, outer extension lower raised ring; 4, root penetrating hole; 5, root outer expansion culture box; 6, first edge vertical rail; 7, second edge vertical rail; 8, first lifting pipe; 9, first water distribution sponge; 10, second lifting pipe; 11, second water distribution sponge; 12, circular hole; 13, first lower extension frame; 14, second lower extension frame; 15, mounting bolt; 16, fixed guide sleeve; 17, lifting cylinder; 18, guide cylinder; 19, water storage box; 20, rotating cap; 21, first branch pipe; 22, second branch pipe; 23, closing frame; 24, opening frame; 25, double elbow pipe; 26, strip-shaped opening; 27, external edge frame; 28, rotating pressing frame; 29, tension spring; 30, moving base plate; 31, middle stand column; 32, quick hooking frame; 33, upper extension rod; 34, supporting ring; 35, edge opening; 36, feeding hopper; 37, inclined slope surface; 38, feeding hole; 39, closing plate; 40, first inner slope surface; 41, second inner slope surface; 42, planting platform; 43, synchronous half ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0022] Embodiment, please refer to Figures 1-13, an instrument for studying plant root diseases, includes a planting pot 1, and also includes multiple root guiding and cultivating mechanisms. A central raised island 2 is provided in the planting pot 1, and a planting platform 42 is provided on the top of the central raised island 2. When planting, a horizontal support surface is formed for the planted seeds or root seedlings to prevent the seeds or root seedlings from sliding and deviating relative to the central raised island 2 under the action of gravity, thereby affecting the subsequent root growth control. An extended lower raised ring 3 is provided at the bottom end of the planting pot 1, and a plurality of root holes 4 are provided at the bottom end of the extended lower raised ring 3. The multiple root guiding and cultivating mechanisms all include a root outward expansion cultivation box 5, and the multiple root outward expansion cultivation boxes 5 are all detachably connected to the extended lower raised ring 3, and the multiple root outward expansion cultivation boxes 5 are all provided with two circular shaped hole 12, the bottom end of the extended lower convex ring 3 is fixedly connected with a plurality of first lower extension frames 13 and a plurality of second lower extension frames 14, and the plurality of first lower extension frames 13 and the plurality of second lower extension frames 14 are all threadedly connected with mounting bolts 15, and the plurality of mounting bolts 15 respectively pass through the plurality of circular holes 12, and the plurality of root outward expansion culture boxes 5 are each provided with a first side vertical rail 6 and a second side vertical rail 7, and the plurality of first side vertical rails 6 are each provided with a first lifting tube 8, and the plurality of first lifting tubes 8 are each fixedly connected with a first water distribution sponge 9, and the plurality of second side vertical rails 7 are each provided with a second lifting tube 10, and the plurality of second lifting tubes 10 are each fixedly connected with a second water distribution sponge 11, and through the setting of the root guiding culture mechanism, it can match the planting pot. 1 forms a corresponding external root guide structure, supporting the same plant to form multiple independent root culture spaces, multiple root expansion culture boxes 5 are all installed with lifting water storage components, multiple lifting water storage components are respectively matched with multiple first lifting tubes 8, multiple lifting water storage components are also respectively matched with multiple second lifting tubes 10, multiple lifting water storage components all include fixed guide sleeves 16, multiple fixed guide sleeves 16 are respectively fixedly connected to multiple root expansion culture boxes 5, multiple fixed guide sleeves 16 are all slidably connected to lifting cylinders 17, multiple lifting cylinders 17 are all fixedly connected to guide cylinders 18, the top ends of multiple guide cylinders 18 are all connected to water storage boxes 19, and the top ends of multiple water storage boxes 19 are rotatably installed with rotating caps 20 The bottom ends of the multiple guide tubes 18 are connected with the first branch pipe 21 and the second branch pipe 22. The multiple first branch pipes 21 are respectively connected with the multiple first lifting pipes 8, and the multiple second branch pipes 22 are respectively connected with the multiple second lifting pipes 10. The multiple fixed guide sleeves 16 are each installed with a side pressure positioning structure. Through the matching of the first water distribution sponge 9, the second water distribution sponge 11 and the lifting water storage assembly, functional components are provided for the root growth of the plant to guide and supplement water sources. It can match the growth of the root system to form an active guidance of the growth direction, facilitate the formation of a zoned cultivation mode for the root system of the same plant, and then facilitate the creation of multiple independent experimental environments for the same root system, and the mutual independence between the multiple experimental environments is better.

[0023] It should be further explained that the multiple fixed guide sleeves 16 are fixedly connected to the closed frame 23 and the open frame 24, the multiple lifting cylinders 17 are slidably connected to the multiple closed frames 23, the multiple lifting cylinders 17 are slidably fitted in the multiple open frames 24, the tops of the multiple guide cylinders 18 are connected with double elbows 25, the multiple double elbows 25 are respectively connected to the multiple water storage boxes 19, the outer diameters of the multiple double elbows 25 are respectively smaller than the slit widths of the strip openings 26 on the multiple open frames 24, and during the height adjustment process of the lifting cylinder 17, the double elbows 25 can move through the strip openings 26 on the open frame 24 to ensure water storage. The height of the box 19 can be adjusted at the same time to make the range of height adjustment wider. Multiple side pressure positioning structures include external side frames 27. Multiple external side frames 27 are fixedly connected to multiple closed frames 23 respectively. Multiple external side frames 27 are rotatably connected with rotating pressure frames 28. Multiple rotating pressure frames 28 are matched with multiple lifting cylinders 17 respectively. Multiple rotating pressure frames 28 are connected to tension springs 29. Multiple tension springs 29 are connected to multiple external side frames 27 respectively. Under the action of the tension springs 29, the rotating pressure frames 28 can be made to form contact and pressure relative to the lifting cylinder 17. When the lifting cylinder 17 is in a state of being pressed by the rotating pressure frame 28, it can be achieved. The height of the lifting cylinder 17 relative to the root expansion culture box 5 is limited so that the corresponding first water distribution sponge 9, the second water distribution sponge 11 and the water storage box 19 form a height limit. When the tension spring 29 is overcome to pull the rotating pressure frame 28 away from the lifting cylinder 17 it originally pressed, the lifting cylinder 17 can be adjusted to adjust the height of the corresponding first water distribution sponge 9, the second water distribution sponge 11 and the water storage box 19. The planting pot 1 is equipped with a seed support mechanism, which includes a mobile chassis 30 and a center column 31. The center column 31 is fixedly connected to the mobile chassis 30, and the center column 31 is equipped with a quick hook rack 32. A positioning frame is fixedly connected to the quick hook hanging frame 32, and two permanent magnets are fixedly connected to the positioning frame. The center column 31 is matched with the permanent magnet. The center column 31 is a material that can be attracted by magnetism. When the permanent magnet forms a fit relative to the center column 31, the fit effect between the quick hook hanging frame 32 and the center column 31 can be improved under the action of magnetism, so as to assist in achieving the relative limitation between the quick hook hanging frame 32 and the center column 31, and then achieve the stability of the position of the planting pot 1 relative to the center column 31. In this way, it is convenient to place multiple planting pots 1 relative to the bracket of the center column 31, and multiple planting pots 1 occupy less space when in cultivation and use.

[0024] The quick hook bracket 32 ​​is fixedly connected to the upper extension rod 33, and the upper extension rod 33 is fixedly connected to the support ring 34. The support ring 34 is rotatably connected to the planting pot 1. Through the design of the seed-bearing mechanism, a movable bracket structure can be provided for the planting pot 1. On the one hand, it is convenient for the brackets of multiple planting pots 1, and on the other hand, it is convenient for the spatial movement and adjustment of multiple planting pots 1. It is more practical. When the planting pot 1 needs to be removed relative to the central column 31, it is only necessary to rotate and adjust the quick hook bracket 32 ​​relative to the central column 31 so that the quick hook bracket 32 ​​is fixed to one end of the upper extension rod 33 to form a The quick hook hanger 32 is rotated and raised, so that the compression between the quick hook hanger 32 and the center column 31 can be invalidated, and the quick hook hanger 32 can be removed relative to the center column 31 while maintaining the invalid state. A plurality of side openings 35 are provided on the outside of the planting pot 1, and a feeding bucket 36 is fixedly connected to the support ring 34. The feeding bucket 36 matches the plurality of side openings 35, and an inclined slope 37 is provided on the feeding bucket 36. A feeding hole 38 is provided on the inclined slope 37. A closing plate 39 is rotatably connected to the inclined slope 37. The closing plate 39 is used to block the feeding hole 38, which can ensure that the plurality of side openings 35 are closed while also being able to Matching multiple edge openings 35 to form the addition of fertilizer is more practical. Multiple first lower extensions 13 are provided with a first inner slope surface 40, and multiple first inner slope surfaces 40 are matched with multiple first water distribution sponges 9 respectively. Multiple second lower extensions 14 are provided with a second inner slope surface 41, and multiple second inner slope surfaces 41 are matched with multiple second water distribution sponges 11 respectively, pushing the first water distribution sponges 9 and the second water distribution sponges 11 located on both sides of the same root hole 4 to form a mutual approach to guide. When the first water distribution sponge 9 and the second water distribution sponge 11 are respectively connected with the first inner slope surface 40 and the second inner slope surface 41 Continue to push upward after touching, so that the first water-distributing sponge 9 and the second water-distributing sponge 11 can be combined and approached to each other, so as to prompt the first water-distributing sponge 9 and the second water-distributing sponge 11 on both sides of the root hole 4 to block the root hole 4. The bottom ends of the multiple first lifting tubes 8 are fixedly connected with a synchronous half ring 43, and the multiple synchronous half rings 43 are respectively fixedly connected to the multiple second lifting tubes 10, so that an integral structure is formed between the first lifting tube 8 and the second lifting tube 10 in the same root expansion culture box 5, which facilitates the synchronous height adjustment of the first lifting tube 8 and the second lifting tube 10 in the same root expansion culture box 5.

[0025] In summary, the working process of the research instrument and research method for plant root diseases is as follows: before conducting the research, it is necessary to cultivate the plants first, and add nutrient soil to the planting pot 1 and multiple root expansion culture boxes 5. The nutrient soil should be sterilized before adding to avoid the pre-introduction of bacteria in the later culture process. When adding nutrient soil to the planting pot 1, the height of the first water-distributing sponge 9 and the second water-distributing sponge 11 should be adjusted so that the first water-distributing sponge 9 and the second water-distributing sponge 11 can match the corresponding root holes 4 to form a shield to reduce the leakage of nutrient soil entering the planting pot 1 from the root holes 4. The amount of nutrient soil added to the planting pot 1 is enough to cover the central raised island 2 The highest position of the top is preferably 1cm-3cm. The amount of nutrient soil added to the root expansion culture box 5 is preferably flush with the topmost position of the root expansion culture box 5. When adding nutrient soil to the root expansion culture box 5, the first water distribution sponge 9 and the second water distribution sponge 11 should be controlled to be partially retracted into the corresponding first side vertical track 6 and the second side vertical track 7 respectively to reduce the leakage of nutrient soil into the first side vertical track 6 and the second side vertical track 7. After the nutrient soil is added, the plants to be cultivated are planted in the upper area of ​​the planting platform 42 on the central raised island 2, and the first water distribution sponge 9 and the second water distribution sponge 11 are controlled to form a shield with the corresponding root holes 4, and to provide a lifting and lowering space. Add water to the water storage box 19 in the water storage assembly, and the water entering the water storage box 19 will enter the corresponding first lifting pipe 8 and second lifting pipe 10 respectively through the guidance of the guide tube 18, the first branch pipe 21 and the second branch pipe 22. The water entering the first lifting pipe 8 will enter the first water distribution sponge 9, and the water entering the second lifting pipe 10 will enter the second water distribution sponge 11, so that the nutrient soil near the first water distribution sponge 9 and the second water distribution sponge 11 is moistened. In the early stage of plant cultivation, the water in the first water distribution sponge 9 and the second water distribution sponge 11 will moisten the nutrient soil in the planting pot 1. Since it is the characteristic of the root system that the plant roots grow towards water, During the growth process of the plant, the root system of the plant will grow toward the area near the root hole 4. Water is regularly added to the water storage box 19 of the lifting water storage assembly. When the root system of the plant grows close to the root hole 4 and is about to extend from the root hole 4, the first water distribution sponge 9 and the second water distribution sponge 11 are adjusted to lower their heights to further guide the plant roots to grow downward until the plant roots grow into the nutrient soil in the root expansion culture box 5. Afterwards, the relative height of the first water distribution sponge 9 in the first side vertical track 6 and the relative height of the second water distribution sponge 11 in the second side vertical track 7 are adjusted according to the growth conditions of the plant roots in the nutrient soil in the root expansion culture box 5.

[0026] Furthermore, since the first side vertical track 6 and the second side vertical track 7 are both provided with seepage holes, as the height of the first water distribution sponge 9 and the second water distribution sponge 11 changes, the moisture content of the nutrient soil at the matching height in the corresponding root expansion culture box 5 is greater than that in other areas, so it can promote the growth of the roots of the plants from top to bottom in the root expansion culture box 5. After the roots of the plants grow to a sufficient depth in the root expansion culture box 5, pathogens are applied to the box mouth of the corresponding root expansion culture box 5. The corresponding pathogens will infect the root system in the root expansion culture box 5 to realize the study of plant root diseases. Since there is a gap between the top of the root expansion culture box 5 and the extended lower convex ring 3, and only the plant roots pass through the gap without soil filling, it can effectively block the spread of bacteria through the soil, ensure the accuracy of plant root disease research, and for special ones that can pass through the air To spread bacteria, the box mouth of the root-expanding culture box 5 can be sealed with tape after adding bacteria relative to the root-expanding culture box 5. The sealing tape should be matched with holes left for the roots to pass through to avoid damage to the roots. In order to ensure the continuity of water replenishment in the first water-distributing sponge 9 and the second water-distributing sponge 11, and to avoid leakage of excess water in the first water-distributing sponge 9 and the second water-distributing sponge 11, the inner diameter of the first lifting tube 8 and the inner diameter of the second lifting tube 10 are both small, and the first lifting tube 8 is provided with a first insertion box matching the first water-distributing sponge 9, and the second lifting tube 10 is provided with a second insertion box matching the second water-distributing sponge 11. The top height of the first insertion box and the top height of the second insertion box are both the same as the top height of the water storage box 19. The bottom part of the first water-distributing sponge 9 is fixedly inserted into the first insertion box, and the bottom part of the second water-distributing sponge 11 is fixedly inserted into the second insertion box.

[0027] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An apparatus for studying plant root diseases, comprising a planting pot (1), characterized in that: The invention also includes a plurality of root guiding and cultivating mechanisms, wherein a central raised island (2) is provided in the planting pot (1), an outward-extending lower raised ring (3) is provided at the bottom end of the planting pot (1), a plurality of root holes (4) are provided at the bottom end of the outward-extending lower raised ring (3), and a plurality of the root guiding and cultivating mechanisms each include a root outward-expanding cultivation box (5), and a plurality of the root outward-expanding cultivation boxes (5) are detachably connected to the outward-extending lower raised ring (3), and a first side vertical track (6) and a second side vertical track (7) are provided in each of the plurality of the first side vertical tracks (6). A first lifting tube (8) is provided, and a plurality of the first lifting tubes (8) are fixedly connected to a first water distribution sponge (9), a plurality of second side vertical tracks (7) are provided with a second lifting tube (10), and a plurality of the second lifting tubes (10) are fixedly connected to a second water distribution sponge (11), and a plurality of root outward expansion culture boxes (5) are installed with lifting water storage components outside, and the plurality of lifting water storage components are matched with the plurality of first lifting tubes (8), and the plurality of lifting water storage components are also matched with the plurality of second lifting tubes (10), and the planting pot (1) is equipped with a seed supporting mechanism.

2. The research instrument for plant root diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of root expansion culture boxes (5) are each provided with two circular holes (12), the bottom end of the outwardly extending lower convex ring (3) is fixedly connected with a plurality of first lower extension frames (13) and a plurality of second lower extension frames (14), the plurality of first lower extension frames (13) and the plurality of second lower extension frames (14) are each threadedly connected with mounting bolts (15), and the plurality of mounting bolts (15) respectively pass through the plurality of circular holes (12).

3. The research instrument for plant root diseases according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of lifting water storage components all include fixed guide sleeves (16), the plurality of fixed guide sleeves (16) are fixedly connected to the plurality of root outward expansion culture boxes (5), the plurality of fixed guide sleeves (16) are slidably connected to the lifting cylinder (17), the plurality of lifting cylinders (17) are fixedly connected to the guide cylinder (18), the top ends of the plurality of guide cylinders (18) are connected to the water storage box (19), the top ends of the plurality of water storage boxes (19) are rotatably installed with a rotating cap (20), the bottom ends of the plurality of guide cylinders (18) are connected to the first branch pipe (21) and the second branch pipe (22), the plurality of the first branch pipes (21) are respectively connected to the plurality of the first lifting pipes (8), the plurality of the second branch pipes (22) are respectively connected to the plurality of the second lifting pipes (10), and the plurality of fixed guide sleeves (16) are installed with a side pressure positioning structure.

4. The research instrument for plant root diseases according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plurality of fixed guide sleeves (16) are fixedly connected to a closed frame (23) and an open frame (24); the plurality of lifting cylinders (17) are slidably connected to the plurality of closed frames (23); the plurality of lifting cylinders (17) are slidably fitted to the plurality of open frames (24); the top ends of the plurality of guide cylinders (18) are connected to a double-bend pipe (25); the plurality of double-bend pipes (25) are connected to the plurality of water storage boxes (19); and the outer diameters of the plurality of double-bend pipes (25) are respectively smaller than the slit widths of the strip openings (26) on the plurality of open frames (24).

5. The research instrument for plant root diseases according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of side pressure positioning structures include external side frames (27), the plurality of external side frames (27) are fixedly connected to the plurality of closed frames (23), the plurality of external side frames (27) are rotatably connected to rotating pressure frames (28), the plurality of rotating pressure frames (28) are matched with the plurality of lifting cylinders (17), the plurality of rotating pressure frames (28) are connected to tension springs (29), and the plurality of tension springs (29) are connected to the plurality of external side frames (27).

6. The research instrument for plant root diseases according to claim 5, characterized in that: The planting mechanism comprises a mobile chassis (30) and a center column (31), wherein the center column (31) is fixedly connected to the mobile chassis (30), and the center column (31) is equipped with a quick hook frame (32), wherein a positioning frame is fixedly connected inside the quick hook frame (32), and two permanent magnets are fixedly connected inside the positioning frame, and the center column (31) matches the permanent magnets. An upper extension rod (33) is fixedly connected outside the quick hook frame (32), and the upper extension rod (33) is fixedly connected to a support ring (34), and the support ring (34) is rotatably connected to the planting pot (1).

7. The research instrument for plant root diseases according to claim 6, characterized in that: The planting pot (1) is provided with a plurality of side openings (35). A feeding bucket (36) is fixedly connected to the support ring (34). The feeding bucket (36) matches the plurality of side openings (35). The feeding bucket (36) is provided with an inclined slope (37). A feeding hole (38) is provided on the inclined slope (37). A closing plate (39) is rotatably connected to the inclined slope (37). The closing plate (39) is used to shield the feeding hole (38).

8. The research instrument for plant root diseases according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of first lower extension frames (13) are each provided with a first inner slope surface (40), and the plurality of first inner slope surfaces (40) are respectively matched with the plurality of first water distribution sponges (9); the plurality of second lower extension frames (14) are each provided with a second inner slope surface (41), and the plurality of second inner slope surfaces (41) are respectively matched with the plurality of second water distribution sponges (11).

9. The research instrument for plant root diseases according to claim 8, characterized in that: A planting platform (42) is provided at the top of the central raised island (2), and the bottom ends of the plurality of first lifting tubes (8) are fixedly connected to a synchronization half ring (43), and the plurality of synchronization half rings (43) are respectively fixedly connected to the plurality of second lifting tubes (10).

10. A method for studying plant root diseases, characterized in that: The apparatus for studying plant root diseases according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, comprising the following steps: S1. Before conducting the study, it is necessary to cultivate plants first, and add nutrient soil to the planting pot (1) and multiple root expansion culture boxes (5). When adding nutrient soil to the planting pot (1), the height of the first water sponge (9) and the second water sponge (11) should be adjusted so that the first water sponge (9) and the second water sponge (11) can form a shield with the corresponding root holes (4) to reduce the leakage of nutrient soil entering the planting pot (1) from the root holes (4). The amount of nutrient soil added to the planting pot (1) is as follows: It is appropriate to cover the top of the middle raised island (2) by 1cm-3cm. The amount of nutrient soil added to the root expansion culture box (5) is preferably flush with the top of the root expansion culture box (5). When adding nutrient soil to the root expansion culture box (5), the first water distribution sponge (9) and the second water distribution sponge (11) should be controlled to be partially received in the corresponding first side vertical track (6) and the second side vertical track (7) respectively, so as to reduce the leakage of nutrient soil into the first side vertical track (6) and the second side vertical track (7); S2. After the nutrient soil is added, the plant to be cultivated is planted in the upper area of ​​the central raised island (2), and the first water distribution sponge (9) and the second water distribution sponge (11) are controlled to form a shield with the corresponding root holes (4), and water is added to the lifting water storage component. In the early stage of plant cultivation, the water in the first water distribution sponge (9) and the second water distribution sponge (11) will moisten the nutrient soil in the planting pot (1). Since it is the root system's own characteristic that the plant roots grow toward water, during the plant growth process, the plant roots will grow toward the area near the root holes (4); S3, regularly replenishing water in the lifting water storage component, and when the root system of the plant grows close to the root hole (4) and is about to extend from the root hole (4), adjusting the first water distribution sponge (9) and the second water distribution sponge (11) to form a lower height to further guide the plant root system to grow downward until the plant root system grows into the nutrient soil in the root expansion culture box (5), and then adjusting the relative height of the first water distribution sponge (9) in the first side vertical track (6) and the relative height of the second water distribution sponge (11) in the second side vertical track (7) according to the growth rate of the plant root in the nutrient soil in the root expansion culture box (5); S4. Since the first side vertical track (6) and the second side vertical track (7) are both provided with water seepage holes, as the height of the first water distribution sponge (9) and the second water distribution sponge (11) changes, the moisture content of the nutrient soil at the matching height in the corresponding root expansion culture box (5) is greater than that in other areas, thereby promoting the growth of the plant roots from the root expansion culture box (5) from top to bottom; S5. After the roots of the plant grow to a sufficient depth in the root expansion culture box (5), pathogens are applied to the corresponding box mouth of the root expansion culture box (5). The corresponding pathogens will infect the root system in the root expansion culture box (5) to achieve the research on plant root diseases. Since there is a gap between the top of the root expansion culture box (5) and the extended lower convex ring (3), and only the plant roots pass through the gap without soil filling, it can effectively block the spread of bacteria through the soil, ensuring the accuracy of the research on plant root diseases.

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