Visual variable-volume high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle

Abstract

The invention provides a visual variable-volume high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle, which comprises a supporting assembly, a visual kettle body and a plunger assembly, and is characterized in that the supporting assembly comprises a base, a sealing cover arranged above the base, and a supporting column connected with the base and the sealing cover; the visible kettle body is respectively connected to the base and the sealing cover in a sealing manner, and is provided with an accommodating cavity for accommodating a medium; the plunger assembly comprises an adjusting plug arranged in the containing cavity in a sliding mode and a pull rod connected to the adjusting plug, the top end of the pull rod penetrates through the sealing cover and extends towards the outside of the containing cavity, and the adjusting plug divides the containing cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are independent from each other from top to bottom. The sealing cover is provided with a first drainage channel communicated with the upper cavity, and the plunger assembly is provided with a second drainage channel communicated with the lower cavity. The invention provides a visual variable-volume high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle, and aims to solve the problems that the visibility of an existing reaction kettle is limited, the reaction process cannot be observed in the whole process, the function is single, and the pressure cannot be dynamically adjusted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of chemical experiment equipment, more specifically, relates to a visual variable-volume high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle is an important experimental equipment in the fields of petrochemical industry, natural gas hydrate exploitation, energy development and chemical research, and is mainly used for simulating the reaction process and phase change of substances under different temperature and pressure conditions. The common reaction kettle is composed of a kettle body and a kettle cover, and according to the experimental needs, a sample inlet and a sample outlet structure can also be arranged. In order to achieve a good high-temperature sealing effect, the volume of the reaction kettle is usually fixed, and only the reaction temperature of the experiment can be controlled during the reaction process, and the pressure value in the kettle body cannot be controlled. During the process of increasing the temperature from room temperature to the reaction temperature, the thermal expansion of the reaction liquid causes the pressure in the kettle to rise sharply, and since the pressure cannot be controlled, the reaction process has a certain risk. Taking the hydrothermal cracking reaction process of heavy oil under formation conditions as an example, when the experiment is carried out by using the conventional reaction kettle, the pressure in the kettle body will rise to more than 20 MPa. Since the conventional high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle cannot effectively control the pressure during the reaction process, the chemical reaction process of oil under formation conditions cannot be truly simulated, and the defect that the pressure of the conventional reaction kettle cannot be controlled also brings an unsafe factor to the experimental process.

[0003] However, the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle of the prior art is mostly a metal sealed structure, and only limited visualization can be achieved through a local observation window (such as a small sapphire or quartz window), and it is difficult to observe the reaction process throughout, especially the dynamic changes of multiphase fluid; moreover, most of the reaction kettles can only realize fixed volume experiments, lack of variable volume design, and are difficult to meet the research needs of dynamic pressure regulation such as supercritical carbon dioxide displacement and hydrate inhibitor evaluation. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a visual variable-volume high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle, which aims to solve the problems of limited visibility of the existing reaction kettle, inability to observe the reaction process throughout, and single function, and inability to realize dynamic pressure regulation.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: In a first aspect, a visual variable-volume high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle is provided, comprising: a support assembly comprising a base and a sealing cover arranged above the base, and a support column arranged between the base and the sealing cover for connecting the base and the sealing cover; a visual kettle body arranged between the base and the sealing cover and sealedly connected to the base and the sealing cover respectively, the visual kettle body having a containing cavity for containing a medium; and The plunger assembly comprises an adjusting plug slidingly arranged in the accommodating cavity and a pull rod connected to the adjusting plug, a top end of the pull rod extending to outside of the accommodating cavity through the sealing cover, and the adjusting plug separating the accommodating cavity into an upper chamber and a lower chamber which are independent of each other from top to bottom. The sealing cover is provided with a first drainage passage communicating with the upper chamber, and the plunger assembly is provided with a second drainage passage communicating with the lower chamber.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the adjusting plug comprises: an adjusting body comprising a limiting portion and a mounting portion distributed along a top-to-bottom direction, and an outer peripheral surface of the limiting portion protruding from the mounting portion; a limiting plate detachably connected to a bottom or a top of the adjusting body, and an outer peripheral surface of the limiting plate protruding from the mounting portion; and a sealing module sleeved outside the mounting portion and in interference fit with the accommodating cavity, and the limiting plate and the limiting portion extruding and limiting the sealing module in the top-to-bottom direction.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the sealing cover comprises: an upper cover plate provided with an avoiding through hole adapted to the pull rod and a containing hole communicating with the avoiding through hole in a radial direction, and a top of the containing hole communicating with outside; a sealing module sleeved outside the pull rod and in interference fit with the containing hole; and a pressing plate provided with the avoiding through hole, the pull rod passing through the avoiding through hole of the pressing plate and the upper cover plate, and a bottom of the pressing plate having an extruding protrusion inserted into the containing hole, and the extruding protrusion being used to apply extruding force to the sealing module.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the sealing module comprises an elastic sealing ring and a limiting ring arranged on both sides of the elastic sealing ring in a top-to-bottom direction, and the limiting ring extruding and fixing the elastic sealing ring in the top-to-bottom direction.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the base and the sealing cover are respectively provided with fastening holes corresponding to each other in a top-to-bottom direction, the support column comprises a support portion and fixing portions located at both ends of the support portion, the fixing portions are inserted into the fastening holes, and the support portion abuts against the base.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the accommodating cavity penetrates through the visible kettle body in a top-to-bottom direction, the base and the sealing cover are respectively provided with mounting grooves adapted to the visible kettle body, and the visible kettle body is inserted into the mounting grooves.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the base and the sealing cover also respectively have a sealing protrusion provided in the mounting groove, the sealing protrusion forms an annular groove body with a terminal connection, and the sealing protrusion is plugged into and fitted with the accommodating cavity, and the support assembly also includes a sealing gasket provided in the mounting groove, and the sealing gasket abuts against the visible kettle body in the up and down directions.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the sealing gasket includes: A sealing body, with sealing grooves formed on the top and bottom respectively; and An elastic sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove and abuts against the visible kettle body or the base.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel both include a connection area, a drainage area, and a conduction area sequentially distributed along the flow direction of the medium. The aperture of the connection area is larger than the space of the conduction area, and the aperture of the drainage area gradually decreases along the flow direction of the medium.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the drainage area includes a transition portion, a flow portion, and a guide portion sequentially distributed along the medium, the longitudinal cross-section of the transition portion is an arc with a gradually decreasing diameter, the longitudinal cross-section of the flow portion is a rectangle, and the aperture is consistent with the small diameter end of the transition portion, the longitudinal cross-section of the guide portion is a trapezoid with a gradually decreasing aperture, the large diameter end of the guide portion is consistent with the aperture of the flow portion, and the small diameter end is consistent with the diameter of the conduction area.

[0015] The visual variable-volume high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle provided by the application has the beneficial effects that, compared with the prior art, the full-transparent visual kettle body structure is adopted, the limitation that the traditional metal reaction kettle can only be observed locally is broken, the support assembly is connected between the base and the sealing cover through the support column, the observation area of the visual kettle body is expanded, the visualization monitoring of the whole reaction process is realized, and the visual variable-volume high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle is particularly suitable for the research on the dynamic change process of multiphase flow such as hydrate generation and supercritical fluid phase change. The adjusting plug can slide in the containing cavity to dynamically change the volume ratio of the upper and lower chambers, the pressure in the reaction process is accurately regulated, the safety hidden danger that the pressure of the conventional fixed-volume reaction kettle cannot be controlled due to thermal expansion is solved, and the experimental pressure can be stably maintained at the set value. In particular, for the experiment in which the medium is gas, the sliding of the adjusting plug can change the chamber volume, so that the controllable pressure difference of the gas on both sides is generated, the pressure change of the upper and lower chambers in the reaction kettle is accurately controlled, and the phase change process of the gas under different temperature and pressure conditions is truly simulated. The independent design of the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel not only supports the flexible injection and discharge of the experimental medium, but also realizes the continuous sampling under the constant pressure condition, and the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental data are greatly improved. The combined sealing structure ensures the long-term sealing reliability of the device in the wide temperature range of 0-30 MPa high pressure and-20-200 DEG C, and especially solves the leakage problem under the dynamic sealing working condition. The overall structure adopts the modular design, the manufacturing cost and the maintenance complexity are significantly reduced, the application range is expanded, a safe and efficient integrated experimental platform is provided for the real simulation of the chemical reaction under the formation condition and the carbon neutralization related research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the visual variable-volume high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 2 The local schematic view of the visual variable-volume high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of the plunger assembly adopted by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 4 The local enlarged view of part A in the figure. Figure 3

[0018] ​Figure: 1. Support assembly; 101. Base; 102. Sealing cover; 1021. Upper cover; 1022. Pressing plate; 1023. Sealing module; 1023-1. Stop ring; 1023-2. Elastic sealing ring; 1024. First drainage channel; 1025. Avoidance hole; 1026. Accommodation hole; 103. Support column; 1031. Support portion; 1032. Fixing portion; 104. Sealing protrusion; 2. Plunger assembly Parts; 201, pull rod; 202, adjusting plug; 2021, adjusting body; 2022, limiting plate; 203, second drainage channel; 2031, connecting area; 2032, drainage area; 2032-1, transition part; 2032-2, circulation part; 2032-3, guide part; 2033, conduction area; 3, visible kettle body; 301, accommodating chamber; 302, sealing gasket; 3021, sealing body; 3022, elastic sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] In the claims, specification and the above-mentioned drawings of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly limited, the terms "first", "second" or "third" are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. Unless otherwise specified, other directional words, such as "vertical", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like, indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention. In the claims, specification and the above-mentioned drawings of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly limited, the terms "fixed connection" or "fixed connection" should be understood in a broad sense, that is, any connection method without a displacement relationship or relative rotation relationship between the two, that is, including non-detachable fixed connection, detachable fixed connection, integrated connection and fixed connection through other devices or elements. In the claims, specification and the above-mentioned drawings of the present invention, the terms "including", "having" and their variations are intended to mean "including but not limited to".

[0021] Please also refer to Figures 1 to 4The visually variable volume high temperature and high pressure reactor provided by the present invention is now described. The visually variable volume high temperature and high pressure reactor comprises a support assembly 1, a visible reactor body 3 and a plunger assembly 2. The support assembly 1 comprises a base 101 and a sealing cover 102 provided above the base 101, and a support column 103 provided between the base 101 and the sealing cover 102 for connecting the base 101 and the sealing cover 102; the visible reactor body 3 is provided between the base 101 and the sealing cover 102 and is sealed to the base 101 and the sealing cover 102 respectively. The visible reactor body 3 has a structure for accommodating the medium. The accommodating chamber 301; the plunger assembly 2 includes an adjusting plug 202 slidably arranged in the accommodating chamber 301 and a pull rod 201 connected to the adjusting plug 202, the top end of the pull rod 201 extends to the outside of the accommodating chamber 301 through the sealing cover 102, and the adjusting plug 202 separates the accommodating chamber 301 from top to bottom into an upper chamber and a lower chamber that are independent of each other; the sealing cover 102 is provided with a first drainage channel 1024 connected to the upper chamber, and the plunger assembly 2 is provided with a second drainage channel 203 connected to the lower chamber.

[0022] Compared to existing technologies, the visually variable volume, high-temperature, and high-pressure reactor provided by the present invention utilizes a fully transparent, visible reactor body 3 structure, overcoming the limitation of traditional metal reactors that only allow for partial observation. Furthermore, the base 101 and sealing cover 102 of the support assembly 1 are connected by support columns 103, expanding the observation area of ​​the visible reactor body 3 and enabling visual monitoring of the entire reaction process. This makes it particularly suitable for studying dynamic multiphase flow processes such as hydrate formation and supercritical fluid phase transitions. The regulating plug 202 slides along the accommodating chamber 301 to dynamically change the volume ratio of the upper and lower chambers, enabling precise pressure regulation during the reaction process. This addresses the safety hazard of uncontrollable pressure due to thermal expansion in conventional fixed-volume reactors and allows the experimental pressure to be stably maintained at the set value. In particular, for experiments involving gaseous media, the sliding of the regulating plug 202 changes the chamber volume, creating a controllable pressure differential between the gases on both sides. This allows precise control of the pressure changes between the upper and lower chambers within the reactor, thereby realistically simulating the phase transition process of gas under different temperature and pressure conditions. The independent design of the first drainage channel 1024 and the second drainage channel 203 not only supports the flexible injection and discharge of experimental media, but also enables continuous sampling under constant pressure conditions, greatly improving the accuracy and repeatability of experimental data. The combined sealing structure ensures the long-term sealing reliability of the device under high pressure of 0-30MPa and a wide temperature range of -20 to 200°C, especially solving the leakage problem under dynamic sealing conditions. The overall structure adopts a modular design, which significantly reduces manufacturing costs and maintenance complexity, while expanding the scope of application, providing a safe and efficient integrated experimental platform for real simulation of chemical reactions under formation conditions and carbon neutrality-related research.

[0023] Alternatively, the solution of the present invention can also be used for experiments involving a single medium, simply by placing the medium in either the upper or lower chamber. For example, when the single medium is a gas or liquid, the experimental medium is first injected into the upper chamber through the first drainage channel 1024, with the regulating plug 202 in its initial position. As temperature or external pressure changes, the external drive device controls the pull rod 201 to slide the regulating plug 202 within the accommodating chamber 301, thereby changing the volume ratio between the upper and lower chambers. During this process, the pressure change of the medium can be precisely controlled by the displacement of the regulating plug 202. When the medium expands due to heat, the regulating plug 202 moves upward to increase the volume of the upper chamber, preventing a sudden pressure increase. When pressure is required, the regulating plug 202 is pushed downward to compress the medium space. During the experiment, phase changes of the medium (such as the supercritical transition of gas or the vaporization of liquid) can be observed in real time through the fully transparent visual kettle 3, while constant pressure sampling and analysis can be performed through the first drainage channel 1024. This design not only solves the problem of uncontrollable pressure caused by volume expansion of a single medium during temperature change, but also can completely record the phase evolution path of the medium in the pressure-temperature coordinate system, providing a high-precision experimental means for studying the PVT characteristics and phase equilibrium of pure substances.

[0024] Optionally, the pull rod 201 and the adjusting plug 202 are an integral component or a separate component. When the pull rod 201 and the adjusting plug 202 are separate components, the pull rod 201 and the adjusting plug 202 can be connected by screwing, welding or clamping.

[0025] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 The regulating plug 202 includes a regulating body 2021, a limiting plate 2022 and a sealing module 1023. The regulating body 2021 includes a limiting portion and a mounting portion distributed in the up and down directions, and the outer peripheral surface of the limiting portion protrudes from the mounting portion; the limiting plate 2022 is detachably connected to the bottom or top of the regulating body 2021, and the outer peripheral surface of the limiting plate 2022 protrudes from the mounting portion; the sealing module 1023 is sleeved outside the mounting portion and has an interference fit with the accommodating cavity 301. The limiting plate 2022 and the limiting portion squeeze and limit the sealing module 1023 in the up and down directions.

[0026] The regulating body 2021 adopts a stepped structural design of the limiting part and the mounting part, and cooperates with the detachable limiting plate 2022 to form an upper and lower bidirectional limiting structure to ensure that the sealing module 1023 will not undergo axial displacement under high pressure. The interference fit design between the sealing module 1023 and the accommodating cavity 301 not only ensures the smoothness during sliding adjustment, but also achieves a high-pressure sealing effect. The peripheral protrusion design of the limiting plate 2022 effectively prevents the sealing module 1023 from wear and deformation during long-term use. This modular structure supports the rapid disassembly and replacement of seals, greatly reducing maintenance costs and difficulty of use. The overall design can maintain excellent sealing performance under high temperature and high pressure conditions through the triple cooperation of the limiting part, the limiting plate 2022 and the sealing module 1023. It is particularly suitable for high temperature and high pressure experimental scenarios that require frequent adjustment of the volume of body 2021, such as supercritical fluid research, phase change observation, etc., while significantly extending the service life of the seal.

[0027] Optionally, a positioning slot is defined at the bottom or top of the regulating body 2021, and the limiting plate 2022 has a positioning protrusion adapted to fit within the positioning slot. The positioning protrusion is inserted into the positioning slot through a mechanical interlocking structure, forming a rigid constraint. This not only evenly transmits the medium pressure load to the limiting plate 2022, thereby preventing localized deformation caused by stress concentration, but also ensures precise positioning and reliable fixation of the regulating plug 202 within the accommodating chamber 301, effectively preventing circumferential rotation or axial displacement of the regulating plug 202 under high-pressure operating conditions.

[0028] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The sealing cover 102 includes an upper cover plate 1021, a sealing module 1023 and a pressure plate 1022. The upper cover plate 1021 is provided with an avoidance through-hole 1025 adapted to the pull rod 201 and a receiving hole 1026 radially connected to the avoidance through-hole 1025, and the top of the receiving hole 1026 is connected to the outside; the sealing module 1023 is sleeved on the outside of the pull rod 201 and is interference fit with the receiving hole 1026; the pressure plate 1022 is provided with an avoidance through-hole 1025, and the pull rod 201 passes through the avoidance through-hole 1025 of the pressure plate 1022 and the upper cover plate 1021. The bottom of the pressure plate 1022 has an extrusion protrusion inserted into the receiving hole 1026, and the extrusion protrusion is used to apply extrusion force to the sealing module 1023.

[0029] The combined construction of the upper cover plate 1021, sealing module 1023, and pressure plate 1022 achieves coordinated control of dynamic and static sealing of the tie rod 201. The accommodating hole 1026 of the upper cover plate 1021 and the avoidance hole 1025 form a stepped sealing space, providing precise positioning for the sealing module 1023 while preserving radial assembly space. The sealing module 1023 is fitted onto the outside of the tie rod 201 with an interference fit, forming a basic sealing interface during the initial assembly phase, effectively preventing axial leakage of high-pressure media along the tie rod 201. The pressure plate 1022 applies controllable axial pressure to the sealing module 1023 via a bottom extrusion protrusion inserted into the accommodating hole 1026. This progressive compression mechanism automatically increases the sealing pressure ratio as system pressure rises, creating a dynamic, self-tightening seal. The interlocking fit between the extrusion protrusion and the accommodating hole 1026 ensures the precise positioning of the pressure plate 1022 while providing mechanical constraints to prevent plastic deformation of the sealing module 1023 under high loads. This sealing structure is particularly suitable for sealing the reciprocating motion of the plunger rod under high temperature and high pressure conditions. It achieves double sealing protection while maintaining a low friction coefficient, solves the technical problem of easy leakage in the dynamic sealing parts of traditional reactors, and significantly improves the sealing reliability of the equipment under long-term cyclic loads.

[0030] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The sealing module 1023 includes an elastic sealing ring 1023-2 and a limiting retaining ring 1023-1 provided on the upper and lower sides of the elastic sealing ring 1023-2. The limiting retaining ring 1023-1 squeezes and fixes the elastic sealing ring 1023-2 in the upper and lower directions. The combination of elastic sealing ring 1023-2 and upper and lower limiting retaining rings 1023-1 forms a multi-stage sealing body 3021 system. When under pressure, elastic sealing ring 1023-2 deforms radially to fit tightly against the surface of pull rod 201, achieving a dynamic sealing effect. The limiting retaining rings 1023-1 on either side provide axial restraint, effectively preventing creep or extrusion damage to elastic sealing ring 1023-2 under high-pressure impact. The clamping action of the upper and lower limiting retaining rings 1023-1 keeps elastic sealing ring 1023-2 in a pre-compressed state, ensuring initial sealing performance while avoiding sealing failure due to material relaxation. This layered structure allows for the selection of materials of varying hardness, such as a metal limiting retaining ring 1023-1 in combination with a polymer elastic sealing ring 1023-2, maintaining structural rigidity while retaining the necessary elastic deformation capacity. Under the action of the extrusion protrusion of pressure plate 1022, limit ring 1023-1 evenly transfers pressure to elastic sealing ring 1023-2, avoiding local stress concentration and limiting excessive deformation, significantly extending the service life of the seal. This modular sealing design is particularly suitable for high-temperature, high-pressure, and alternating load conditions. It can maintain stable sealing performance even when the plunger rod frequently reciprocates, solving the technical bottleneck of traditional single seals that are prone to wear and aging, and providing a key guarantee for the long-term reliable operation of the reactor.

[0031] Optionally, the limiting retaining ring 1023-1 is a rigid component, such as a metal or alloy component, and the elastic sealing ring 1023-2 is a flexible component, such as a rubber component.

[0032] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The base 101 and the sealing cover 102 are respectively provided with corresponding upper and lower fastening holes. The support column 103 includes a supporting portion 1031 and a fixing portion 1032 located at both ends of the supporting portion 1031. The fixing portion 1032 is inserted into the fastening hole, and the supporting portion 1031 abuts against the base 101. The corresponding fastening holes on the base 101 and the sealing cover 102 are plugged in with the fixing parts 1032 at both ends of the support column 103, which enables the rapid and accurate assembly of the overall frame of the reactor. The abutment design of the support part 1031 not only allows the load to be directly transferred to the base 101 to form a stable force flow path, but also ensures that the axis of the support column 103 is perpendicular to the plate surface of the base 101, thereby preventing the visible reactor body 3 from being damaged during the installation process. The plug-in connection between the fixing part 1032 and the fastening hole not only simplifies the assembly process, but also effectively disperses the high-pressure stress inside the reactor through rigid contact, avoiding local stress concentration. This modular support system is particularly suitable for thermal expansion and deformation in high-temperature and high-pressure environments. It offsets the influence of thermal stress through precise mechanical matching, provides a stable working environment for the visible reactor body 3, and ensures the dimensional stability and safety and reliability of the reactor under long-term cyclic loads.

[0033] Optionally, a fastening hole is passed through the top end of the fixing portion 1032 and fixed by a nut.

[0034] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The accommodating cavity 301 passes through the visible kettle body 3 in the up-down direction. The base 101 and the sealing cover 102 are respectively provided with mounting grooves adapted to the visible kettle body 3 , and the visible kettle body 3 is inserted into the mounting grooves.

[0035] The vertically through-hole design of the accommodating cavity 301 precisely aligns with the mounting grooves on the base 101 and sealing cover 102, enabling rapid positioning and installation of the visual vessel 3 and simplifying the assembly process. The constraining effect of the mounting grooves provides circumferential support for the visual vessel 3 when subjected to internal high pressure, effectively preventing radial deformation. The sealed contact between the upper and lower end surfaces also forms a reliable pressure boundary. This modular installation approach not only allows the visual vessel 3 to be individually disassembled for maintenance or replacement, significantly improving the maintainability of the equipment, but also facilitates access to media, making it particularly suitable for experimental scenarios requiring frequent replacement of reaction media. The precise matching of the mounting groove depth with the dimensions of the visual vessel 3 end ensures axial positioning accuracy while providing space for compensation for thermal expansion, thereby avoiding structural stress caused by temperature fluctuations. The overall structure of this embodiment achieves a weld-free connection through mechanical engagement, maintaining the integrity of the high-pressure vessel while facilitating the use of visual vessel 3 made of various materials (such as quartz glass, sapphire, and other transparent materials) to accommodate various corrosive media and observation requirements, providing a flexible and reliable experimental platform for visualizing high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processes.

[0036] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The base 101 and the sealing cover 102 also have sealing protrusions 104 respectively provided in the mounting groove. The sealing protrusions 104 form an annular groove body that is connected at the end of the mounting groove, and the sealing protrusions 104 are plugged into the accommodating cavity 301. The support assembly 1 also includes a sealing gasket 302 provided in the mounting groove, and the sealing gasket 302 abuts against the visible kettle body 3 in the up and down directions.

[0037] The annular sealing protrusion 104 provided on the base 101 and the sealing cover 102 forms a precise plug-in fit with the visible kettle body 3, constructing the first mechanical sealing barrier and effectively dispersing the axial impact force of the high-pressure medium on the end face of the visible kettle body 3. The annular groove design enables the sealing gasket 302 to obtain a stable installation and positioning space, and cooperates with the upper and lower bidirectional abutment compression method to produce a uniform radial sealing force, maintaining long-lasting sealing performance under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The elastic deformation of the sealing protrusion 104 and the sealing gasket 302 together constitute a double sealing body 3021 system, which can prevent medium leakage even under extreme pressure fluctuations or temperature alternation conditions. This solution cleverly utilizes the spatial constraints of the installation groove to cause the sealing gasket 302 to produce three-dimensional deformation when under pressure, while filling the microscopic gap between the visible kettle body 3 and the installation groove to achieve an adaptive sealing effect.

[0038] Optionally, the sealing gasket 302 is an elastic component, such as a high-temperature resistant rubber component.

[0039] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The sealing gasket 302 includes a sealing body 3021 and an elastic sealing ring 3022 . The sealing body 3021 has sealing grooves at the top and bottom respectively. The elastic sealing ring 3022 is arranged in the sealing groove and abuts against the visible kettle body 3 or the base 101 .

[0040] The combined design of the sealing body 3021 and the elastic sealing ring 3022 realizes the synergistic effect of static sealing and dynamic compensation. The sealing body 3021 provides structural support and maintains installation stability as a rigid skeleton, while the elastic sealing ring 3022 embedded in the sealing groove compensates for the gap changes caused by thermal expansion and contraction or pressure fluctuations through continuous elastic force; the bidirectional arrangement of the upper and lower sealing grooves enables the elastic sealing ring 3022 to generate a uniform radial expansion force when axially compressed, which not only enhances the contact pressure with the visible kettle body 3 and the base 101, but also avoids sealing failure caused by local overload; elastic sealing The independent embedded structure of ring 3022 facilitates the selection of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant special materials for different working conditions, significantly improving the adaptability of the sealing system to extreme environments. This design reduces the processing precision requirements while maintaining the overall sealing reliability. The sealing groove's covering protection of the elastic sealing ring 3022 effectively prevents material aging caused by medium penetration, extending the service life of the seal. The modular structure allows damaged parts of the sealing gasket 302 to be replaced separately during maintenance, greatly reducing the cost of use and providing an optimized solution for high-temperature and high-pressure reactors that takes into account both sealing performance and economy.

[0041] Optionally, the sealing grooves at the top and bottom of the sealing body 3021 are radially staggered. The top and bottom sealing grooves are radially staggered, so that the compression deformation directions of the elastic sealing rings 3022 on both sides have a phase difference. When the sealing gasket 302 is subjected to axial pressure, the elastic sealing rings 3022 at the top and bottom expand in different radial directions respectively, forming staggered sealing pressure belts. This spatially complementary sealing mechanism effectively fills the microscopic gaps that may exist in a single-direction seal, significantly improving the reliability of the overall seal. The staggered structure also avoids local material fatigue caused by the superposition of stresses of the upper and lower sealing rings, extending the service life of the seals; when the visible kettle body 3 undergoes a slight displacement due to temperature or pressure changes, the staggered sealing rings can compensate for the deformation from different angles, forming an adaptive sealing effect. This design is particularly suitable for working conditions with vibration or periodic loads. It suppresses the resonance tendency of the sealing system through asymmetric stress distribution, ensuring long-term stable sealing performance under high temperature and high pressure conditions.

[0042] In some embodiments, see Figures 3 and 4 The first drainage channel 1024 and the second drainage channel 203 both include a connection area 2031, a drainage area 2032 and a conduction area 2033 distributed in sequence along the flow direction of the medium. The aperture of the connection area 2031 is larger than the space of the conduction area 2033, and the aperture of the drainage area 2032 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the medium.

[0043] Through the three-stage tapered design of the connection area 2031, the drainage area 2032, and the conduction area 2033, an optimized fluid dynamic path is formed in the first drainage channel 1024 and the second drainage channel 203. The large aperture structure of the connection area 2031 facilitates rapid docking with external pipelines and reduces inlet turbulence. The tapered transition of the drainage area 2032 steadily increases the medium flow rate, avoiding eddy current losses caused by sudden pressure changes. The precise aperture of the terminal conduction area 2033 enables precise control of the flow rate. This tapered channel structure can effectively maintain a laminar flow state under high pressure conditions, reducing medium flow energy loss. At the same time, through the step-by-step change in flow rate, it achieves bubble separation and particle sedimentation functions, preventing the accumulation of impurities in the reaction chamber. The continuously changing aperture design of the drainage area 2032 also produces a Venturi effect, forming a local negative pressure in the conduction area 2033, which not only enhances the medium delivery efficiency but also facilitates the discharge of gases during the reaction process.

[0044] In some embodiments, see Figure 4The drainage area 2032 includes a transition section 2032-1, a flow-through section 2032-2 and a guide section 2032-3 distributed in sequence along the medium, the longitudinal section of the transition section 2032-1 is an arc with gradually decreasing diameter, the longitudinal section of the flow-through section 2032-2 is a rectangle, and the hole diameter is consistent with the small-diameter end of the transition section 2032-1, and the longitudinal section of the guide section 2032-3 is a trapezoid with gradually decreasing hole diameter, and the large-diameter end of the guide section 2032-3 is consistent with the hole diameter of the flow-through section 2032-2, and the small-diameter end is consistent with the diameter of the conduction area 2033. An optimized path conforming to the hydrodynamic characteristics is constructed in the drainage area 2032, the arc-shaped gradually changing section of the transition section 2032-1 realizes smooth acceleration of the medium flow rate, avoiding the turbulence and energy loss caused by the traditional right-angle variable diameter. The equal-diameter rectangular section of the flow-through section 2032-2 forms a stable laminar flow development area, so that the fluid fully develops the velocity profile before entering the contraction section, eliminating the inlet effect. The trapezoidal contraction structure of the guide section 2032-3 produces progressive pressure conversion through a controllable section change rate, which not only ensures efficient conversion of medium kinetic energy, but also prevents cavitation phenomenon caused by sudden change of flow rate. This composite flow channel design is particularly suitable for precise delivery of high-pressure difference and high-viscosity medium, and the arc-rectangle-trapezoidal cross-section transition combination effectively reduces the local resistance coefficient, so that the pressure loss of the entire drainage area 2032 is reduced. The equal-diameter design of the flow-through section 2032-2 also provides a velocity reformation area for the fluid, which, in combination with the linear contraction characteristics of the guide section 2032-3, can realize intelligent conversion of the medium from turbulent flow to laminar flow, significantly improving the stability and accuracy of flow control under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and providing a reliable hydrodynamic basis for parameter regulation of the reaction process.

[0045] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Visually variable volume high temperature and high pressure reactor, characterized by: include: A support assembly comprising a base and a sealing cover disposed above the base, and a support column disposed between the base and the sealing cover for connecting the base and the sealing cover; A visible kettle body is provided between the base and the sealing cover and is sealed to the base and the sealing cover respectively, and the visible kettle body has a receiving cavity for receiving a medium; as well as a plunger assembly comprising an adjusting plug slidably disposed within the accommodating chamber and a pull rod connected to the adjusting plug, wherein a top end of the pull rod extends outside the accommodating chamber through the sealing cover, and the adjusting plug divides the accommodating chamber from top to bottom into an upper chamber and a lower chamber that are independent of each other; The sealing cover is provided with a first drainage channel connected to the upper chamber, and the plunger assembly is provided with a second drainage channel connected to the lower chamber.

2. The visually variable volume high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating plug comprises: The regulating body includes a limiting portion and a mounting portion distributed in the vertical direction, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the limiting portion protrudes from the mounting portion; a limiting plate detachably connected to the bottom or top of the regulating body, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the limiting plate protrudes from the mounting portion; and The sealing module is sleeved outside the mounting portion and is interference-fitted with the accommodating cavity. The limiting plate and the limiting portion squeeze and limit the sealing module in the up and down directions.

3. The visually variable volume high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing cover comprises: The upper cover plate is provided with a through hole adapted to fit the pull rod and a receiving hole radially connected to the through hole, wherein the top of the receiving hole is connected to the outside; a sealing module, sleeved on the outside of the pull rod and interference-fitted with the accommodating hole; and The pressure plate is provided with the avoidance through hole, the pull rod passes through the avoidance through holes of the pressure plate and the upper cover plate, and the bottom of the pressure plate has an extrusion protrusion inserted into the accommodating hole, and the extrusion protrusion is used to apply extrusion force to the sealing module.

4. The visually variable volume high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The sealing module includes an elastic sealing ring and position-limiting retaining rings provided on upper and lower sides of the elastic sealing ring, wherein the position-limiting retaining rings press and fix the elastic sealing ring in the upper and lower directions.

5. The visually variable volume high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base and the sealing cover are respectively provided with upper and lower corresponding fastening holes. The support column comprises a supporting portion and fixing portions located at both ends of the supporting portion. The fixing portions are inserted into the fastening holes, and the supporting portion abuts against the base.

6. The visually variable volume high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The accommodating cavity passes through the visible kettle body in the up-down direction. The base and the sealing cover are respectively provided with mounting grooves adapted to the visible kettle body, and the visible kettle body is inserted into the mounting grooves.

7. The visually variable volume high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The base and the sealing cover also have sealing protrusions respectively arranged in the mounting groove, and the sealing protrusions form the mounting groove into an annular groove body that is connected from end to end, and the sealing protrusions are plugged into and matched with the accommodating cavity. The support assembly also includes a sealing gasket arranged in the mounting groove, and the sealing gasket abuts against the visible kettle body in the up and down directions.

8. The visually variable volume high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sealing gasket comprises: A sealing body, with sealing grooves formed on the top and bottom respectively; and An elastic sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove and abuts against the visible kettle body or the base.

9. The visually variable volume high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first drainage channel and the second drainage channel both include a connection area, a drainage area and a conduction area sequentially distributed along the flow direction of the medium. The aperture of the connection area is larger than the space of the conduction area, and the aperture of the drainage area gradually decreases along the flow direction of the medium.

10. The visually variable volume high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drainage area includes a transition portion, a flow portion and a guide portion distributed sequentially along the medium. The longitudinal cross-section of the transition portion is an arc with a gradually decreasing diameter. The longitudinal cross-section of the flow portion is a rectangle, and the aperture is consistent with the small diameter end of the transition portion. The longitudinal cross-section of the guide portion is a trapezoid with a gradually decreasing aperture, and the large diameter end of the guide portion is consistent with the aperture of the flow portion, and the small diameter end is consistent with the diameter of the conduction area.

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