Turning machine tool and turning method

Abstract

The invention discloses a turning machine tool and a turning method, and belongs to the technical field of machining. The workpiece main shaft is connected to the Z-axis guide rail in a sliding mode, and the Z-axis guide rail is fixed to the lathe bed; a rotary carriage and an X-axis guide rail; the X-axis machining tool is connected to the X-axis guide rail in a sliding mode; the rotation center line of the workpiece spindle and the rotation center line of the rotary table are perpendicular and coplanar, the X axis deviates from the rotation center line of the rotary table, and the included angle between the Z axis and the X axis is adjusted by rotating the rotation carriage along the B axis. The turning method comprises the steps that the X-axis and the Z-axis are turned at a fixed angle, the B-axis is located at a fixed position, or the X-axis, the Z-axis and the B-axis are turned in a linkage mode. Multi-axis linkage can be carried out, the spatial position of a tool nose tool is accurately calibrated, high precision and high quality of special-shaped surface machining are ensured, the special-shaped surface machining device is suitable for multi-configuration feature machining of special-shaped surfaces, and high-precision cutting under various process requirements of curved surface turning, milling and the like is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of mechanical processing technology, and in particular relates to a turning machine tool and a turning method. Background Art

[0002] The mainstream CNC turning machines currently used for precision machining mainly include conventional turning machines with Z-orthogonal turning machines and ultra-precision turning machines with a T-shaped layout. The spindle participates in the turning machine axis movement, and the tool holder participates in the Z-axis movement. There are also vertical lathes used for vertical processing of large components. Different machine tool solutions are formed by different arrangements of the workpiece clamping and rotation units (usually turning spindles) (such as horizontal installation or vertical installation). Usually, the above-mentioned machine tools require at least two linear axes (turning machine axes or Z-axes) and one rotary turning spindle (workpiece clamping rotation axis). The Z-axis is parallel to the turning spindle axis and is responsible for axial feed cutting movement, while the turning machine axis is perpendicular to the Z-axis and is responsible for radial feed movement. The machining axis of conventional turning machines is located on the Z-axis slide, while the ultra-precision lathe has a separate T-shaped layout of the turning machine / Z-axis to reduce the superposition of geometric and assembly errors and improve overall accuracy. The core of the above-mentioned machine tools is the turning machine Z orthogonal arrangement to achieve material cutting and removal. When facing the feature processing parallel to the turning machine or Z axis of the machine tool, it has the most ideal cutting conditions and can be achieved without the turning machine Z axis linkage interpolation processing.

[0003] Existing machine tools are not suitable for precision machining of special-shaped surfaces and cannot be precisely controlled. When machining special-shaped surfaces such as bevels, arcs, and curved surfaces, current CNC turning machines must rely on high-precision interpolation machining of the two Z axes of the turning machine to achieve specific cutting path control. However, when machining with a CNC lathe that uses an orthogonal arrangement of the Z axes of the turning machine, it is subject to the nature of interpolation machining, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tool's movement line is an arc along the workpiece surface. The tool's actual cutting contact point (the dot in the figure) is constantly changing, its specific position shifting along the tool tip arc radius. The tool's movement path relies on interpolation of the Z-axis of the turning machine. This process places high demands on high-precision machining, and existing machine tools are not suitable for high-precision machining of special-shaped surfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application aims to at least to some extent solve the technical problem that existing machine tools are not suitable for precision machining of special-shaped surfaces. To this end, the present application provides a turning machine tool and a turning method, which can perform multi-axis linkage and accurately calibrate the spatial position of the tool tip to ensure high precision and high quality of special-shaped surface machining, is suitable for multi-configuration feature machining of special-shaped surfaces, and realizes high-precision cutting under various process requirements such as curved surface turning and milling.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a turning machine tool for machining a workpiece, comprising:

[0006] The bed is equipped with a turntable;

[0007] Z-axis guide rail and workpiece spindle, the Z-axis guide rail is fixed to the bed; the workpiece spindle is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail and the sliding direction is the Z-axis, which is used for Z-axis positioning and feed turning of the workpiece;

[0008] A rotary carriage and an X-axis guide rail, wherein a portion of the rotary carriage is rotatably mounted on the turntable and the rotation is centered on the B-axis, and the X-axis guide rail is provided on the remaining portion of the rotary carriage;

[0009] The X-axis machining tool is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail and slides in the X-axis direction, and is used for positioning and feeding the workpiece in the X direction;

[0010] Among them, the rotation center line of the workpiece spindle is perpendicular to and coplanar with the rotation center line of the turntable, the X-axis deviates from the rotation center line of the turntable, and the angle between the Z-axis and the X-axis is adjusted by rotating the rotary slide along the B-axis.

[0011] In some embodiments, the rotary carriage includes a circular portion and a track portion, the track portion is eccentrically connected to the outer side of the circular portion, the center of the circular portion is rotatably mounted on the turntable, and the track portion is provided with an X-axis guide rail.

[0012] In some embodiments, the X-axis machining tool includes a tool mounting casting and a servo tool, the tool mounting casting is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail, the servo tool is mounted on the tool mounting casting, and the servo tool has a tool head that rotates around the axial direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the workpiece spindle includes a spindle box and a turning spindle, the spindle box is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail, the turning spindle is installed on the spindle box, and one end of the turning spindle has a tool head that rotates axially.

[0014] In some embodiments, the axis of the turning spindle is perpendicular to and coplanar with the axis of the B-axis, and the height of the axis of the turning spindle is equal to the height of the axis of the servo tool.

[0015] In some embodiments, an air-floating guide rail and an air-floating support member are further included. The air-floating guide rail is arranged on the bed and is arc-shaped and located circumferentially of the turntable. The air-floating support member is arranged on the rotary slide. The air-floating support member and the air-floating guide rail interact with each other and are positioned relative to each other.

[0016] In some embodiments, a turning chuck is provided at the end of the turning spindle for clamping the workpiece.

[0017] In some embodiments, a protective cover is further included, which is arranged on the Z-axis guide rail, the rotary carriage and / or the X-axis guide rail.

[0018] In some embodiments, a driving device is also included for driving the rotation of the turning spindle, for driving the milling process in the servo tool, for driving the turntable connected to the rotary carriage, and for driving the displacement of the Z-axis guide rail and the X-axis guide rail.

[0019] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a turning method, which uses the turning machine tool as described above, and the turning method includes:

[0020] Drive the rotary carriage to rotate so that the X-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail are at a fixed angle;

[0021] Drive the workpiece spindle and / or X-axis machining tool to turn the workpiece;

[0022] or

[0023] Drive the workpiece spindle on the Z axis to position and turn the workpiece, and drive the X-axis machining tool on the X axis to position and turn the workpiece;

[0024] The rotary carriage is driven synchronously to rotate and the B-axis is linked to turn the workpiece.

[0025] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the beneficial effects of this application are:

[0026] 1. The machine tool of the present application can perform Z-direction positioning and feed turning on the workpiece through the arrangement of the Z-axis guide rail and the workpiece spindle, and can adjust the position of the X-axis guide rail through the rotary slide. Through the arrangement of the X-axis guide rail and the X-axis machining tool, the workpiece can be positioned and fed turning in the X-direction. Since the rotation centerline of the workpiece spindle is perpendicular to and coplanar with the rotation centerline of the turntable, the machining accuracy of the workpiece in the vertical direction is ensured. By making the Z-axis perpendicular to the rotation centerline of the turntable, a multi-axis spatial constraint is formed, so that the positional relationship between the X-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail can be effectively adjusted when the X-axis guide rail rotates, thereby being compatible with a variety of configuration features, and the X-axis deviates from the turntable. The rotation center line adopts an eccentric design to ensure the installation of servo tools, realize anti-interference in processing, ensure precise control of the verticality of the X-axis and the Z-axis, and effectively avoid dead angles in processing; the angle between the Z-axis and the X-axis is adjusted by rotating the rotary slide along the B-axis, and the angle can be precisely controlled to achieve fixed-angle cutting. After the position of the workpiece relative to the Z-axis and the X-axis is adjusted and then rotated along the B-axis, when performing curved surface turning, the center point of the workpiece curved surface can always coincide with the rotation center line of the turntable, and the processing of the workpiece on the X-axis, Z-axis and B-axis can be linked. When cutting the workpiece, rotation is mainly used, and directional interpolation turning can be performed using the X-axis or Z-axis to complete the curved surface turning. In this way, the present application can perform multi-axis linkage, accurately calibrate the spatial position of the tool tip, ensure high precision and high quality of special-shaped surface processing, and is suitable for multi-configuration feature processing of special-shaped surfaces, and achieve high-precision cutting under various process requirements such as curved surface turning and milling.

[0027] 2. The turning method of this application, based on X-axis and Z-axis machining, adds adjustment of the B-axis rotation angle, forming a synchronous machining method of the X-axis, Z-axis, and B-axis, and realizing an alternative to the precise calibration of the tool tip arc radius. Driving the rotary carriage to rotate can determine the rotation angle in the B-axis direction, achieving precise control of the perpendicularity of the X-axis and Z-axis. Rotating along the B-axis can continuously process the multi-angle of special-shaped surfaces. Providing different turning methods, it can avoid the positioning errors of traditional machining and greatly improve the machining capabilities of the machine tool, making it suitable for high-quality surface machining of special-shaped surfaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments one by one. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other embodiments and drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive work. Various schematic diagrams according to the embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For the purpose of clarity, some details are magnified and some details may be omitted.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of XZ orthogonal interpolation turning of a curved surface in the prior art is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the principle of an embodiment of a turning machine tool according to the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the main view of an embodiment of a turning machine tool according to the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an embodiment of a turning machine tool according to the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a rotary carriage of an embodiment of a turning machine tool according to the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic front view of an embodiment of a support member of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 7 A top view schematically shows the arrangement of an embodiment of a support member of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic top view of an embodiment of a turning machine tool according to the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 9 A schematic top view of the main body of an embodiment of a turning machine tool of the present invention is shown;

[0038] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of fixed-angle orthogonal cutting of an embodiment of a turning machine tool of the present invention is shown;

[0039] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of fixed-angle non-orthogonal cutting of an embodiment of a turning machine tool of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing the embodiment of the turning machine tool of the present invention for machining a workpiece surface by linkage cutting is shown;

[0041] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a fixed-angle cutting process of a free-form surface by a turning machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0042] Figure numerals: 100, turning machine tool; 110, bed; 111, turntable; 120, Z-axis guide rail; 121, Z-axis slider; 130, workpiece spindle; 131, spindle box; 132, turning spindle; 133, turning chuck; 140, rotary slide; 141, circular part; 142, rail part; 150, X-axis guide rail; 151, X-axis slider; 160, X-axis machining tool; 161, servo tool; 162, tool mounting casting; 170, support part; 171, air-floating guide rail; 172, air-floating support part; 180, drive device; 190, protective cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings corresponding to the specific embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection. The described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, various different configurations can be arranged and designed. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] The present application is described below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0045] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3, the first embodiment of the present application provides a turning machine tool 100 for processing a workpiece, which includes: a bed 110, a Z-axis guide 120, a workpiece spindle 130, a rotary slide 140, an X-axis guide 150 and an X-axis processing tool 160, the Z-axis is the sliding center axis of the Z-axis guide 120, and the X-axis is the sliding center axis of the Z-axis guide 120; the bed 110 is a platform for providing a turning work area, and the bed 110 can be set according to the structural matching relationship of this scheme on the basis of the machine tool of the existing design concept, adopting a flat bed 110 structure, the bed 110 is provided with a turntable 111, the turntable 111 is used to install the rotary slide 140 and provide a rotary support area for the rotary slide 140; the Z-axis guide 120 and the workpiece spindle 130, the Z-axis guide 120 is fixed to the bed 110, and the Z-axis guide 120 is used to provide the workpiece spindle 130 with stepping on the Z axis so as to utilize the workpiece spindle 130 is turned, and the Z-axis guide rail 120 is fixed to the top of the bed 110 by screws; the workpiece spindle 130 is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail 120 and the sliding direction is the Z axis, so that the workpiece spindle 130 can move along the Z-axis guide rail 120 for Z-direction positioning and feed turning of the workpiece; the rotary carriage 140 and the X-axis guide rail 150, part of the rotary carriage 140 is rotatably installed on the turntable 111, that is, part of the rotary carriage 140 is connected to the turntable 111 is matched with and installed on the turntable 111, the rotary slide 140 can rotate freely relative to the turntable 111, and the rotation is centered on the B-axis, which is the direction in which the rotary slide 140 rotates around the rotation center. The X-axis guide rail 150 is provided on the remaining part of the rotary slide 140, that is, the X-axis guide rail 150 is provided on the other part of the rotary slide 140 other than the installation position of the turntable 111, so that the X-axis guide rail 150 can rotate with the rotary slide 140.

[0046] The X-axis machining tool 160 is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail 150 and slides in the X-axis direction, and is used for X-axis positioning and feed turning of the workpiece; wherein, the rotation centerline of the workpiece spindle 130 is perpendicular to and coplanar with the rotation centerline of the turntable 111, so that the workpiece spindle 130 and the X-axis machining tool 160 can turn the workpiece on the same horizontal plane, ensuring the positioning accuracy of the X-axis and the Z-axis, the Z-axis is perpendicular to the rotation centerline of the turntable 111, and the X-axis deviates from the rotation centerline of the turntable 111. When the X-axis machining tool 160 slides along the X-axis, it does not pass through the rotation centerline of the turntable 111. This allows the X-axis machining tool 160 to form a certain angle with the Z-axis when rotating relative to the turntable 111, avoiding interference with Z-axis machining and processing the workpiece's irregular surface. The angle between the Z-axis and the X-axis is adjusted by rotating the rotary carriage 140 along the B-axis. The Z-axis guide rail 120 is fixed, and adjusting the rotation angle of the X-axis machining tool 160 along the rotary carriage 140, that is, adjusting the angle between the Z-axis and the X-axis. Through the above-mentioned sliding positioning of the Z-axis and the X-axis and the angular positioning of the B-axis, XZB three-axis linkage turning is achieved.

[0047] The existing machine tools are not suitable for precision machining of special-shaped surfaces. The reasons are as follows: the precision machining of special-shaped surfaces requires extremely high precision of the tool and the machine tool, and the X-axis and Z-axis machining of the existing machine tools are difficult to approach the theoretical value of verticality. On the one hand, in order to achieve precision workpiece size control, the tool tip arc radius needs to be accurately calibrated, and its theoretical value is input into the lathe CNC system. In this state, the tool tip arc radius profile quality needs to be accurately guaranteed, because the machining system only has one parameter input, the theoretical radius. A large tool tip profile deviation will directly cause error reflection. Under ideal tool conditions, the tool path control ( Figure 1 The tool movement path in the CNC machine requires real-time interpolation and precise control of the X and Z axes. The geometric and positional accuracy of the X and Z axes directly affects the accuracy of the interpolation path. On the other hand, for precision CNC lathes, the X-axis is often mounted on the Z-axis saddle, forming a theoretical 90-degree angle between the two. Perpendicularity is generally assessed (GB / T16462.1-2023 standard requires a perpendicularity of 0.015mm per 300mm of travel). However, due to limitations in equipment setup and processing capabilities, achieving the ideal 90-degree orthogonality is impossible. Furthermore, CNC system trajectory interpolation requires decomposing the actual path according to theoretical orthogonality, which introduces machining errors. For single-point diamond lathes, since the X and Z axes are separated, precision assembly can improve perpendicularity, but ultimately the X and Z axes remain in a relatively fixed position. In addition to the precision loss caused by manufacturing perpendicularity deviations, long-term machine use, such as guideway wear during normal use and collisions during abnormal conditions, can increase perpendicularity errors, impacting machining quality.

[0048] The present application can position and feed the workpiece in the Z direction by setting the Z-axis guide rail 120 and the workpiece spindle 130, and can adjust the position of the X-axis guide rail 150 by the rotary slide 140. The setting of the X-axis guide rail 150 and the X-axis machining tool 160 can position and feed the workpiece in the X direction. Since the rotation center line of the workpiece spindle is perpendicular to and coplanar with the rotation center line of the turntable 111, the machining accuracy of the workpiece in the vertical direction is ensured. By making the Z axis perpendicular to the rotation center line of the turntable 111, a multi-axis spatial constraint is formed, so that the position relationship between the X-axis guide rail 150 and the Z-axis guide rail 120 can be effectively adjusted when the X-axis guide rail 150 rotates, thereby being compatible with a variety of structures. The X-axis deviates from the rotation centerline of the turntable 111, and an eccentric design is adopted to ensure the installation of servo tools, realize anti-interference in processing, ensure the precise control of the perpendicularity of the X-axis and the Z-axis, and effectively avoid processing dead angles; the angle between the Z-axis and the X-axis is adjusted by rotating the rotary slide 140 along the B-axis, which can achieve fixed-angle cutting. After the position of the workpiece relative to the Z-axis and the X-axis is adjusted and then rotated along the B-axis, when performing curved surface turning, the center point of the workpiece curved surface can always be made to coincide with the rotation centerline of the turntable 111, and the processing of the workpiece on the X-axis, Z-axis and B-axis can be linked. When cutting the workpiece, rotation is mainly used, and directional interpolation turning can be performed using the X-axis or Z-axis to complete the curved surface turning. In this way, the present application can perform multi-axis linkage, accurately calibrate the spatial position of the tool tip, ensure high precision and high quality of special-shaped surface processing, and is suitable for multi-configuration feature processing of special-shaped surfaces, and realize high-precision cutting under various process requirements such as curved surface turning and milling.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the rotary drag plate 140 includes a circular portion 141 and a track portion 142. The track portion 142 is eccentrically connected to the outer side of the circular portion 141. The track portion 142 is rectangular and flat. The longitudinal center axis of the track portion 142 is spaced a certain distance from the center of the circular portion 141, forming an eccentric setting. The center of the circular portion 141 is rotatably installed on the turntable 111. The track portion 142 is provided with an X-axis guide rail 150. The X-axis guide rail 150 is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the track portion 142. The X-axis guide rail 150 can be formed by opening a rail groove for the track portion 142. In some embodiments, the turntable 111 is provided with a multi-step structure hole, which is formed by the inward recess of the bed 110. A rotary shaft is placed in the recessed step structure to increase the support rigidity of the rotary shaft. The bottom end of the rotary shaft is connected to the output end of the rotary motor installed at the bottom of the bed 110, and the top end of the rotary shaft is engaged with the bottom of the rotary carriage 140. In this way, the rotary carriage 140 can be driven to rotate by the rotary shaft. The rotary shaft can be mounted on the turntable 111 in a flange assembly manner, and the rotary carriage 140 is assembled and fixed to the top end of the rotary shaft. The assembly and installation adopt screw connection.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments, the X-axis machining tool 160 includes a tool mounting casting 162 and a servo tool 161, the tool mounting casting 162 is slidingly connected to the X-axis guide rail 150, and the servo tool 161 is mounted on the tool mounting casting 162. Specifically, the X-axis guide rail 150 is provided with an X-axis sliding block 151 which is slidingly matched on the guide rail body, and the tool mounting casting 162 is fixed on the X-axis sliding block 151 by screws, and the servo tool 161 is mounted on the tool mounting casting 162 in a conventional tool mounting manner. The servo tool 161 has a tool bit rotating around the axial direction and a rotary center line C1. The servo tool 161 can move linearly along the X-axis on the tool mounting casting 162 to realize turning, boring and milling functions on the workpiece. In some embodiments, the servo tool 161 adopts a servo tool turret or a tool holder, the servo tool turret is configured with milling function, and at the same time, the servo tool turret has C1 rotary function to realize quick switching of tools.

[0051] In some embodiments, the workpiece spindle 130 includes a spindle box 131 and a turning spindle 132, the spindle box 131 is slidingly connected to the Z-axis guide rail 120, and the turning spindle 132 is mounted on the spindle box 131 to realize spindle fixation. One end of the turning spindle 132 has a tool bit rotating around the axial direction and a rotary center line C. The turning spindle 132 has Z-axis linear motion function to realize Z-direction positioning and feeding turning of the workpiece, and at the same time, the turning spindle 132 has C-axis function, the end of the turning spindle 132 adopts a rotary tool bit to participate in linkage turning and milling, so that the turning machine tool 100 can realize XZBC four-axis linkage machining of the workpiece and compatible multiple configuration machining requirements. The Z-axis guide rail 120 is provided with a Z-axis sliding block 121 which is slidingly matched on the guide rail body, and the spindle box 131 is fixed on the Z-axis sliding block 121 by screws, and the turning spindle 132 slides along the Z-axis with the spindle box 131 and the Z-axis sliding block 121, so that the above-mentioned X-axis sliding block 151 and Z-axis sliding block 121 are respectively positioned, the X-axis guide rail 150 and the Z-axis guide rail 120 are independently distributed and do not have stacking relationship. In some embodiments, the end of the turning spindle 132 is provided with a turning chuck 133 for clamping the workpiece, and the turning chuck 133 can adopt an existing chuck to mechanically clamp the workpiece.

[0052] In some embodiments, the height of the axis of the turning spindle 132 is equal to the height of the axis of the servo tool 161, that is, the vertical distance from the C axis to the top work surface of the bed 110 is equal to the vertical distance from the C1 axis to the top work surface of the bed 110, ensuring that the C axis and the C1 axis are strictly kept at the same height. The C axis is the axis of the turning spindle 132, and the C1 axis is the axis of the servo tool 161, and the processing is also based on the axis. In some embodiments, the axis of the turning spindle 132 is perpendicular to and coplanar with the axis of the B axis, so that the workpiece is perpendicular to the horizontal rotation direction and the turning processing direction, ensuring the processing accuracy. In addition, in order to solve the problem of daily wear and tear of equipment, collision, etc. in the orthogonal cutting mode that affects the processing accuracy of the machine tool, it can be restored by regularly calibrating the XZ axis angle with the tooling.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some embodiments, a support member 170 is installed between the rotary slide 140 and the bed 110, including an air float support, a static pressure support or an annular contact guide rail support. Since the rotary slide 140 is rotatable relative to the bed 110, there is a gap between the bottom of the rotary slide 140 and the top surface of the bed 110, and the rotary slide 140 is an eccentric structure, which will cause support problems. Specifically, when the servo tool 161 is driven to move to the far end of the B-axis turntable 111 on the X-axis, due to the existence of its own weight, the end of the B-axis rotary slide 140 used to install the X-axis guide rail 150 is warped, which directly affects the processing accuracy. The above-mentioned support structure can solve the support problem and overcome the influence of the self-weight deformation of the rotary slide 140 on the processing.

[0054] In some embodiments, the support member 170 includes an air-floating guide rail 171 and an air-floating support member 172. The air-floating guide rail 171 is provided on the bed 110, and the air-floating guide rail 171 is located in the circumference of the turntable 111 in an arc shape. The air-floating support member 172 is provided on the rotary carriage 140. Specifically, the air-floating support member 172 adopts an annular structure and surrounds the turntable 111 in an arc shape. The air-floating support member 172 is fixed to the bottom of the rotary carriage 140 and is fixed by welding or screws. The air-floating support member 172 has an air flow channel inside and is in contact with the air-floating guide rail 171. An air flow outlet is opened at the corresponding position, and the air floating support 172 interacts with the air floating guide rail 171 and is positioned relative to each other. The air floating guide rail 171 also adopts an annular structure. The air floating guide rail 171 is installed on the top of the bed 110, and is relative to the air floating support 172. The air floating guide rail 171 is provided with an arc groove, and the air floating support 172 corresponds to the top of the arc groove. In this way, the air floating guide rail 171 and the air floating support 172 can improve the support stiffness of the rotary slide 140, and solve the support problem caused by the eccentric design of the rotary slide 140.

[0055] In some embodiments, an air-floating guide rail 171 and an air-floating support member 172 are used, and an air source is injected into the air flow channel of the air-floating support member 172. The gas is ejected from the air flow port, so that the air-floating support member 172 generates an upward supporting force relative to the air-floating guide rail 171, indirectly assisting the upward support of the rotary drag plate 140, forming an effective air-floating support. The air-floating support unit moves in a circular trajectory with a fixed radius, and is matched with the concentric air-floating guide rail 171, so that the air-floating support member 172 is always in a working state during the movement, providing continuous upward supporting force and reducing load unevenness.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 8 In some embodiments, a protective cover 190 is further included. The protective cover 190 is arranged on the Z-axis guide rail 120, the rotary slide 140 and / or the X-axis guide rail 150. The protective cover 190 covers the periphery of the contact position between the Z-axis guide rail 120 and the Z-axis slider 121, the periphery of the contact position between the X-axis guide rail 150 and the X-axis slider 151, and the periphery of the contact position between the rotary slide 140 and the bed. The edges or ends of the protective cover 190 are fixed to the top of the bed 110 by screws. The protective cover 190 adopts an accordion protective cover body, which can achieve physical protection against cutting fluid and cutting process.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 9 In some embodiments, a driving device 180 is also included for driving the turning spindle 132 to rotate, for driving the servo tool 161 to perform milling processing, for driving the turntable 111 connected to the rotary slide 140, and for driving the X-axis guide rail 150 and the Z-axis guide rail 120 to precisely move, that is, the turning spindle 132, the servo tool 161, the turntable 111, the X-axis guide rail 150 and the Z-axis guide rail 120 are all provided with a driving device 180, wherein the driving device 180 of the turntable 111 is a built-in type. The driving device 180 of the turning spindle 132 and the servo tool 161 adopts a rotary servo motor, which can realize the rotation drive of the turning spindle 132 and the rotation drive of the milling tool in the X-axis machining tool 160. The turning spindle 132 and the servo tool 161 are driven by the servo motor to rotate to complete the machining; the driver 180 of the X-axis guide rail 150 and the Z-axis guide rail 120 can achieve precise control through the servo motor, and can also adopt linear motors, screw motors, electric cylinders, etc. The movement form of the X-axis and Z-axis In addition to the linear guide form, other driving methods such as hard rails, static pressure or dynamic pressure guide rails can also be used; the driving device 180 at the turntable 111 is built-in and installed in the bed 110. The driving device 180 includes a rotary motor or other mechanical, direct drive driver, and can be configured with a braking module. The rotary motor drives the rotary slide 140 to rotate through the connected rotary shaft, realizing the rotation of the servo turret around the B-axis, and realizing precise control and transformation of the angles of the turning spindle 132 and the servo tool 161.

[0058] In some embodiments, a measuring component is further included. The measuring component is installed on the X-axis guide rail 150 and the Z-axis guide rail 120 to measure the position of the servo turret on the X-axis and the turning spindle 132 on the Z-axis respectively. The measured values ​​can be fed back to the overall control system to form a closed-loop control. The measuring component can use a linear axis grating or other fully closed-loop measuring device to improve the accuracy of the movement. Similarly, a measuring component such as a circular grating measuring device is configured for the B-axis liquid.

[0059] A second embodiment of the present application provides a turning method, which uses the turning machine 100 as described above. The turning method includes:

[0060] S1. Install the workpiece and determine the processing parameters on the X, B, and Z axes; install the workpiece to be processed on the machine tool and fix it with a fixture.

[0061] S2. Drive the rotary carriage 140 to rotate, determine the rotation angle of the B axis, and make the X-axis guide rail 150 and the Z-axis guide rail 120 in a fixed angle state, that is, determine the angle between the X axis and the Z axis.

[0062] S3: Drive the workpiece spindle 130 and / or the X-axis machining tool 160 to turn the workpiece.

[0063] or

[0064] S2, driving the workpiece spindle 130 to position and turn the workpiece on the Z axis, and driving the X-axis machining tool 160 to position and turn the workpiece on the X axis;

[0065] S3. Synchronously drive the rotary carriage 140 to rotate, and link the B-axis to turn the workpiece.

[0066] This method is suitable for fixed-angle cutting, achieving this through B-axis rotation. X- and Z-axis motion ensures that the theoretical cutting position coincides with the B-axis rotation center. This cutting strategy uses rotation as the primary motion and linear axis motion as position compensation. By rotating the rotary carriage 140 about the B-axis and employing a tooling fixture, precise control of X and Z axis perpendicularity is achieved. Currently, the B-axis turntable 111 achieves a position accuracy of within 2 inches, corresponding to a maximum perpendicularity deviation of within 3 microns per 300 mm.

[0067] The turning method of this application can specifically perform different turning working modes:

[0068] B-axis directional machining

[0069] Please refer to Figure 10 、 Figure 11, that is, the angle between the X axis and the Z axis is in a fixed angle state, and the angle is not limited to 90 degrees. 1. 90-degree fixed angle orthogonal machining, at this time, the X axis of the machine tool is braked by the fixed angle of the B axis and forms a strict 90-degree angle with the Z axis of the machine tool, such as Figure 10 As shown, in this mode, the XZ axis distribution is in an inverted T-shaped structure. The machine tool can achieve the cutting capabilities of a conventional CNC lathe, and can realize single-axis cutting or two-axis linkage interpolation curve cutting. By configuring the servo turret with a milling power head, it can also achieve milling compound processing. 2. Fixed angle non-orthogonal processing. At this time, after the B axis is fixed at an angle, the X axis and the Z axis of the machine tool form a strict non-90 degree angle, such as Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the specific angle of the angle should be determined according to the cutting feature. For example, if a conical surface with an angle of a in the figure needs to be processed, the machine tool only needs to rotate the B axis to a fixed angle a and then brake. The Z axis of the machine tool will be fixed to the appropriate programmed position. Only the X-axis single-axis movement can achieve high-speed and high-precision processing of features parallel to the X axis, replacing the original XZ-axis interpolation processing in the orthogonal mode. Parallel feature cutting can ignore the influence of the tool tip arc radius on the interpolation accuracy. In this mode, the contact point between the tool tip and the workpiece does not change, so it is easy to improve the processing accuracy.

[0070] B-axis linkage machining

[0071] 1. Please refer to Figure 12 , standard super hemisphere fast processing, in this mode the B-axis rotation participates in the cutting, relying on the B-axis's own rotation accuracy to ensure the contour of the processed sphere, the specific principle is shown in the figure, the machine tool Z-axis drives the workpiece to move to the B-axis axis, relying on the B-axis single-axis rotation to achieve spherical processing, in this mode, the tool and the workpiece surface always maintain a fixed angle, there is no need to accurately calibrate the tool tip arc radius to achieve precise cutting, and the spherical contour is only affected by the B-axis turntable 111's own rotation accuracy (such as end face runout, radial runout).

[0072] 2. Please refer to Figure 13 , free-form surface tool fixed angle cutting processing, for more complex rotary surfaces, it is not possible to complete the cutting by relying solely on single-axis motion, and multi-axis linkage is required to solve it. The core technology route is to control the direction of the tool tip to always have a fixed angle with the workpiece surface. The specific principle is as follows Figure 13 As shown in the figure, when machining a free-form surface body of revolution, the target path is first decomposed into coordinates. Figure 13According to the normal cutting method (i.e. ensuring that the tool axis is always perpendicular to the workpiece surface), the position of processing point 1 is decomposed, and the focus of its normal line and the workpiece rotation axis is taken as Z1, the angle between the normal line and the workpiece rotation axis is B1, and the normal line length from Z1 to processing point 1 is taken as X1. Similarly, the position of processing point 2 is decomposed into X2\Z2\B2. Cutting from processing point 1 to processing point 2, because the angle transformation is achieved by the B-axis, the Z-axis should drive the workpiece to move each time to ensure that Z1, Z2 and the B-axis rotation axis coincide theoretically, so as to ensure that the rotation angle of the B-axis is equivalent to the B1 and B2 transformation requirements, and the guarantee of the length of X1 and X2 depends on the X-axis driving the tool X-direction drive, such as Figure 13 The movement from processing point 1 to processing point 8 requires three-axis linkage processing of the machine tool Z axis movement (Z1~Z8), X axis movement (X1~X8), and B axis movement (B1~B8). Compared with conventional cutting processing (such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure), by introducing B-axis linkage control, the tool is guaranteed to cut at a fixed angle, without the need for precise calibration of the tool arc radius, thus avoiding the influence of the tool arc radius calibration error on conventional orthogonal interpolation cutting.

[0073] The turning method of the present application, on the basis of X-axis processing and Z-axis processing, adds the adjustment of the B-axis rotation angle, forms a synchronous processing method of the X-axis, Z-axis and B-axis, and realizes the replacement of the precise calibration of the tool tip arc radius; driving the rotary carriage 140 to rotate, it is possible to determine the rotation angle in the B-axis direction, realize precise control of the verticality of the X-axis and the Z-axis, and the rotation along the B-axis can continuously process the multi-angle of the special-shaped surface. Different turning methods are provided, which not only avoid the positioning error of traditional processing, but also greatly improve the processing capability of the machine tool, and is suitable for high-quality surface processing of special-shaped surfaces. The machine tool supports the mixed use of multiple processing modes, which greatly improves the processing capability of the equipment. Among them, the processing decoupling is directly performed based on the surface features, emphasizing the fixed-angle cutting control of the tool, which is suitable for high-quality surface processing.

[0074] In some embodiments, for fixed-angle cutting processing of free-form surface tools, if a rotary axis B-axis drive is installed at the bottom of the servo turret of the XZ orthogonal cutting machine tool, the tool can rely on the B-axis to rotate along the X-axis with the rotary slide 140, and the processed workpiece curve relies on the Cartesian coordinate system to perform coordinate decomposition of the surface processing points. After the decomposition, the B-axis rotation is relied upon to ensure that the angle between the tool and the surface of the processed workpiece is fixed. In this mode, XZ motion serves as the main motion; while the present application directly decomposes the processing curve in the direction of the axis, first determines the B-axis angle, and then determines the specific ZX position. There is an essential difference between them. The latter takes the B-axis drive as the primary factor and is more suitable for high-quality surface processing.

[0075] Regarding the specific implementation of this application, it should be noted that:

[0076] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connect", "fixed", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixed" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral molding; "connection" can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited; "connected" can be the internal connection of two parts and between two parts, or the spatial connection between the two, and the two are directly or indirectly connected through the part that forms the space. The terms "set", "install", "provided with", "configured", etc. should also be understood in a broad sense. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0077] In the description of this application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only used to facilitate the description of this application and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the system or component referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting this application. All directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationships, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0078] In the description of this application, reference to the terms "some embodiments", "optional embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", "optional examples" or "optional embodiments" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application, but does not mean that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0079] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and exemplary examples. The above description is illustrative, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments; the above description cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. The technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application. Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, these embodiments can be subjected to various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations without departing from the principles and purposes of the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that various other specific changes and combinations of embodiments that do not depart from the essence of the present application are made according to the technical inspirations disclosed in this application, and are still within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention and its equivalent technical solutions.

Claims

1. A turning machine tool for processing a workpiece, characterized in that: include: A bed (110) is provided with a turntable (111); A Z-axis guide rail (120) and a workpiece spindle (130), wherein the Z-axis guide rail (120) is fixed to the bed (110); the workpiece spindle (130) is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail (120) and the sliding direction is the Z-axis, and is used for Z-direction positioning and feed turning of the workpiece; A rotary carriage (140) and an X-axis guide rail (150), wherein a portion of the rotary carriage (140) is rotatably mounted on the turntable (111) and rotates around the B axis, and the X-axis guide rail (150) is disposed on the remaining portion of the rotary carriage (140); An X-axis machining tool (160) is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail (150) and has a sliding direction along the X-axis, and is used for positioning and feeding a workpiece in the X direction; The rotation centerline of the workpiece spindle (130) is perpendicular to and coplanar with the rotation centerline of the turntable (111), the X-axis deviates from the rotation centerline of the turntable (111), and the angle between the Z-axis and the X-axis is adjusted by rotating the rotary slide (140) along the B-axis.

2. The turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that The rotary carriage (140) includes a circular portion (141) and a track portion (142), wherein the track portion (142) is eccentrically connected to the outer side of the circular portion (141), and the center of the circular portion (141) is rotatably mounted on the turntable (111), and the track portion (142) is provided with the X-axis guide rail (150).

3. The turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that The X-axis machining tool (160) comprises a tool mounting casting (162) and a servo tool (161); the tool mounting casting (162) is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail (150); the servo tool (161) is mounted on the tool mounting casting (162); and the servo tool (161) has a tool head that rotates around an axial direction.

4. The turning machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that The workpiece spindle comprises a spindle box (131) and a turning spindle (132), wherein the spindle box (131) is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail (120), and the turning spindle (132) is mounted on the spindle box (131), and one end of the turning spindle (132) is provided with a tool head that rotates axially.

5. The turning machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The axis of the turning spindle (132) is perpendicular to and coplanar with the axis of the B axis, and the height of the axis of the turning spindle (132) is equal to the height of the axis of the servo tool (161).

6. The turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention also includes an air-floating guide rail (171) and an air-floating support member (172), wherein the air-floating guide rail (171) is arranged on the bed (110), and the air-floating guide rail (171) is arc-shaped and located in the circumference of the turntable (111), and the air-floating support member (172) is arranged on the rotary carriage (140), and the air-floating support member (172) and the air-floating guide rail (171) interact with each other and are positioned relative to each other.

7. The turning machine tool according to claim 1, wherein: A turning chuck (133) is provided at the end of the turning spindle (132) for clamping a workpiece.

8. The turning machine tool according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a protective cover (190), which is arranged on the Z-axis guide rail (120), the rotary carriage (140) and / or the X-axis guide rail (150).

9. The turning machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The invention also includes a driving device (180) for driving the turning spindle (132) to rotate, for driving the milling process in the servo tool (161), for driving the turntable (111) connected to the rotary carriage (140), and for driving the displacement of the Z-axis guide rail (120) and the X-axis guide rail (150).

10. A turning method, characterized in that: Using the turning machine tool (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the turning method comprises: Driving the rotary carriage (140) to rotate so that the X-axis guide rail (150) and the Z-axis guide rail (120) are in a fixed angle state; driving the workpiece spindle (130) and / or the X-axis machining tool (160) to turn the workpiece; or Driving the workpiece spindle (130) to position and turn the workpiece on the Z axis, and driving the X axis machining tool (160) to position and turn the workpiece on the X axis; The rotary carriage (140) is synchronously driven to rotate, and the B axis is linked to perform turning on the workpiece.

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