Efficient drilling and milling machine suitable for specific workpieces

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece, which is used for milling and drilling the surface of a workpiece with a vertical structure, and comprises a cutter and a workbench, and further comprises an X-axis guide mechanism, a Y-axis guide mechanism and a Z-axis guide mechanism which are arranged on the workbench, and a driving mechanism for driving the cutter to rotate is arranged on the Z-axis guide mechanism; the X-axis guiding mechanism, the Y-axis guiding mechanism and the Z-axis guiding mechanism are driven in sequence, guiding straight lines of the X-axis guiding mechanism, the Y-axis guiding mechanism and the Z-axis guiding mechanism are perpendicular pairwise, a water spraying mechanism is arranged on one side of the driving mechanism and comprises a nozzle assembly and a nozzle adjusting structure, and the nozzle adjusting structure adjusts the flow direction and the shape of water flow sprayed by the nozzle assembly. The method has the advantages that a special cleaning procedure does not need to be added between the workpiece milling procedure and the workpiece drilling procedure, the workpiece machining efficiency can be guaranteed, and meanwhile the machining precision is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling and milling machines, in particular to a high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for specific workpieces. Background Art

[0002] The drilling and milling machine can complete two different processes, drilling and milling, by replacing the head tool. For example, in the Chinese patent literature, a metal identification plate milling device disclosed with patent number CN202411524000.1 includes a workbench, a movable structure is installed on the workbench, a switching structure is installed on the movable structure, a disassembly structure is installed on the switching structure, a rotating structure is installed on the movable structure, a clamping structure is installed in the workbench, a lifting structure is installed in the workbench, and a cleaning structure is installed in the workbench; through the movable structure installed on the workbench, different positions of the metal identification plate can be milled, and at the same time, through the switching structure, the metal identification plate can be drilled after milling, the disassembly structure facilitates the replacement of the milling cutter and the drill bit, and at the same time, the rotating structure can automatically adjust the position of the switching structure.

[0003] The disadvantage of the existing technology is that after milling is completed, a large amount of debris remains on the process surface. If it is not cleaned, it will affect the accuracy and efficiency of subsequent drilling. If cleaning is performed, the cleaning time is long, which seriously affects the processing efficiency of the workpiece. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an efficient drilling and milling machine suitable for specific workpieces. No special cleaning process is required between the milling and drilling processes of the workpiece, which can ensure both the workpiece processing efficiency and the processing accuracy.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] A high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for specific workpieces, used for milling and drilling workpiece surfaces with vertical structures, comprising a tool and a worktable, as well as an X-axis guide mechanism, a Y-axis guide mechanism and a Z-axis guide mechanism arranged on the worktable, wherein the Z-axis guide mechanism is provided with a driving mechanism for driving the tool to rotate, the X-axis guide mechanism, the Y-axis guide mechanism and the Z-axis guide mechanism are driven in sequence and the guide lines of the three are perpendicular to each other, a water spray mechanism is provided on one side of the driving mechanism, the water spray mechanism comprises a nozzle assembly and a nozzle adjustment structure, and the nozzle adjustment structure adjusts the flow direction and shape of the water flow sprayed from the nozzle assembly.

[0007] When the water flow of the nozzle assembly is small, it can be used to provide coolant during drilling. When the water flow of the nozzle assembly increases and the spraying length in the processing direction becomes longer, the surface of the workpiece can be flushed to remove debris on the surface of the workpiece. No special cleaning is required between milling and drilling processes, which can ensure both workpiece processing efficiency and processing accuracy.

[0008] Preferably, the X-axis guide mechanism includes an X-axis guide rail and an X-axis linear drive assembly provided on the workbench, an X-axis slider is slidably provided on the X-axis guide rail, and the X-axis linear drive assembly drives the X-axis slider to slide along the X-axis guide rail, thereby realizing reliable drive of the tool in the X direction.

[0009] Preferably, two sets of X-axis guide mechanisms are provided on opposite sides of the workbench. The Y-axis guide mechanism includes a Y-axis guide rail and a Y-axis linear drive assembly that span the two sets of X-axis guide mechanisms. A Y-axis slider is slidably provided on the Y-axis guide rail, and the Y-axis linear drive assembly drives the Y-axis slider to slide along the Y-axis guide rail. This ensures that the Y-axis guide mechanism is reliably arranged on the X-axis guide mechanism and that the tool holder is reliably driven on the Y-axis.

[0010] Preferably, the Y-axis slider is L-shaped, and the Y-axis guide mechanism is provided with at least three sets of Y-axis guide rails distributed on two sides thereof and simultaneously cooperates with the Y-axis slider. The Z-axis guide mechanism includes a Z-axis guide rail located on the longitudinal side of the Y-axis slider and a Z-axis linear drive assembly. The Z-axis slider is slidably provided on the Z-axis guide rail, and the Z-axis linear drive assembly drives the Z-axis slider to slide along the Z-axis guide rail. The drive mechanism is provided on the Z-axis slider. This achieves a reliable setting between the Y-axis guide rail and the Y-axis slider, and the cooperation of at least three sets of Y-axis guide rails and the Y-axis slider achieves a reliable setting of the Z-axis guide mechanism, ensuring the reliability of the tool's Z-direction movement.

[0011] Preferably, the nozzle adjustment structure includes a fixed base fixed relative to the Z-axis guide mechanism, a rotating base rotatably mounted on the fixed base, and a nozzle of the water spray mechanism fixedly mounted on the rotating base. The rotating base is equipped with a rotary drive motor to drive the rotating base to rotate relative to the fixed base. The rotating base can rotate relative to the fixed base, thereby adjusting the orientation of the nozzle of the water spray mechanism and thus adjusting the direction of the water flow, thereby achieving nozzle water spray cleaning adapted to multiple directions of the workpiece.

[0012] Preferably, the nozzle adjustment structure includes a distance detection sensor for detecting the height of the nozzle assembly. The distance detection sensor detects that when the Z-axis guide mechanism drives the tool and nozzle assembly to descend, the water spray cross-section of the nozzle assembly nozzle is circular. The distance detection sensor detects that when the Z-axis guide mechanism drives the tool and nozzle assembly to ascend, the water spray cross-section of the nozzle assembly nozzle is a horizontally extending elongated strip, and the area of ​​the elongated strip is smaller than the area of ​​the circle. The distance detection sensor detects the height of the nozzle assembly, thereby achieving automatic adjustment of the nozzle water spray shape and matching the progress of the process.

[0013] Preferably, the fixing seat is connected to a lifting assembly, which is driven by a deformable nozzle that can be plugged into the nozzle, and the water outlet of the deformable nozzle is linear. The deformable nozzle can be used to conveniently adjust the shape of the nozzle water spray.

[0014] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a linear electric cylinder, the housing of which is fixed on a fixed seat, and the piston rod of which is fixedly connected to the deformable nozzle, so as to realize the electronically controlled online adjustment of the water spray shape of the nozzle.

[0015] Preferably, one end of the deformable nozzle is truncated into a cone shape to facilitate insertion into the nozzle, thereby facilitating the matching of the insertion nozzle and the deformable nozzle.

[0016] Beneficial effect: There is no need to add a special cleaning process between the milling and drilling processes of the workpiece, which can ensure the workpiece processing efficiency and processing accuracy at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention, with a water spray mechanism hidden.

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a water spray mechanism is installed on a tool holder in a high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece, disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a deformable nozzle of a water spray mechanism in a high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: tool 1, workbench 2; X-axis guide mechanism 3, X-axis guide rail 31, X-axis slider 32, X-axis motor 33, X-axis screw 34; Y-axis guide mechanism 4, Y-axis guide rail 41, Y-axis slider 42, Y-axis motor 43, Y-axis screw rod 44, connecting frame 45; Z-axis guide mechanism 5, Z-axis guide rail 51, Z-axis slider 52, Z-axis motor 53, Z-axis screw 54; Driving mechanism 6, tool holder 7, tool driving motor 8, workpiece 9; Nozzle 101 , water pipe 102 , fixed seat 104 , plane bearing 105 , rotating seat 106 , rotary drive motor 107 , travel gear 108 , travel gear ring 109 , distance detection sensor 110 , deformation nozzle 111 , linear electric cylinder 112 , fixed ring 113 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for specific workpieces is used for milling and drilling the surface of a vertically structured workpiece 9. It includes a tool 1 and a worktable 2, as well as an X-axis guide mechanism 3, a Y-axis guide mechanism 4, and a Z-axis guide mechanism 5 disposed on the worktable 2. The Z-axis guide mechanism 5 is provided with a drive mechanism 6 for rotating the tool 1. The Z-axis guide mechanism 5 is provided with a tool holder 7. The tool 1 is rotatably connected to the tool holder 7. The drive mechanism 6 is fixed to the tool holder 7 and drives the tool 1 to rotate. The X-axis guide mechanism 3, Y-axis guide mechanism 4, and Z-axis guide mechanism 5 are driven sequentially, and their guide lines are perpendicular to each other. A water spray mechanism is provided on one side of the drive mechanism 6. The water spray mechanism includes a nozzle assembly and a nozzle adjustment structure. The nozzle adjustment structure adjusts the flow direction and shape of the water sprayed from the nozzle assembly.

[0023] The X-axis guide mechanism 3 includes an X-axis guide rail 31 and an X-axis linear drive assembly provided on the workbench 2. An X-axis slider 32 is slidably provided on the X-axis guide rail 31. The X-axis linear drive assembly drives the X-axis slider 32 to slide along the X-axis guide rail 31. Specifically, the X-axis linear drive assembly includes an X-axis motor 33 and an X-axis lead screw 34 driven to rotate by the X-axis motor 33. The X-axis lead screw 34 is engaged with the X-axis slider 32 via a transmission thread. The X-axis motor 33 drives the X-axis lead screw 34 to rotate forward and reverse to linearly adjust the position of the X-axis slider 32 on the X-axis guide rail 31.

[0024] The X-axis guiding mechanism 3 is provided with two groups on opposite sides of the workbench 2, and the X-axis sliding blocks 32 corresponding to the two groups of X-axis guiding mechanisms 3 are arranged in parallel to each other so that the connecting line of the two X-axis sliding blocks 32 is perpendicular to the X-axis guide rail 31. The Y-axis guiding mechanism 4 includes a Y-axis guide rail 41 and a Y-axis linear driving assembly, the Y-axis guide rail 41 is provided with a Y-axis sliding block 42 sliding thereon, and the Y-axis linear driving assembly drives the Y-axis sliding block 42 to slide along the Y-axis guide rail 41. Specifically, the Y-axis linear driving assembly includes a Y-axis motor 43 and a Y-axis screw 44 driven to rotate by the Y-axis motor 43, the Y-axis screw 44 is in driving cooperation with the Y-axis sliding block 42 through a transmission thread, and the Y-axis motor 43 drives the Y-axis screw 44 to reverse rotation to linearly adjust the position of the Y-axis sliding block 42 on the Y-axis guide rail 41. The Y-axis driving assembly includes a connecting frame 45 fixedly connected to the two X-axis sliding blocks 32 at two ends, and the cross-sectional shape of the connecting frame 45 is rectangular.

[0025] The cross-sectional shape of the Y-axis sliding block 42 is L-shaped, and the Y-axis sliding block 42 is slidingly connected to two side surfaces of the connecting frame 45. The Y-axis guiding mechanism 4 is provided with at least three groups of Y-axis guide rails 41 distributed on two side surfaces thereof and simultaneously matched with the Y-axis sliding block 42. Specifically, one group of Y-axis guide rails 41 is arranged on the top surface of the connecting frame 45, two groups of parallel Y-axis guide rails 41 are arranged on one longitudinal side surface of the connecting frame 45, the Y-axis guide rails 41 are perpendicular to the side surface of the connecting frame 45, and the Y-axis sliding block 42 is simultaneously slidingly connected to the three groups of Y-axis guide rails 41. The Z-axis guiding mechanism 5 includes a Z-axis guide rail 51 and a Z-axis linear driving assembly located on the longitudinal side surface of the Y-axis sliding block 42, the Z-axis guide rail 51 is provided with a Z-axis sliding block 52 sliding thereon, and the Z-axis linear driving assembly drives the Z-axis sliding block 52 to slide along the Z-axis guide rail 51. The driving mechanism 6 is arranged on the Z-axis sliding block 52. Specifically, the Z-axis linear driving assembly includes a Z-axis motor 53 and a Z-axis screw 54 driven to rotate by the Z-axis motor 53, the Z-axis screw 54 is in driving cooperation with the Z-axis sliding block 52 through a transmission thread, and the Z-axis motor 53 drives the Z-axis screw 54 to reverse rotation to linearly adjust the position of the Z-axis sliding block 52 on the Z-axis guide rail 51. The tool driving motor 8 corresponding to the tool 1 and the tool holder 7 are arranged on the Z-axis sliding block 52, and the tool 1 is rotatably installed on the tool holder 7 and is driven to rotate by the tool driving motor 8.

[0026] The nozzle adjustment structure includes a fixed base 104 fixed relative to the Z-axis guide mechanism 5. The fixed base 104 is fixed to the outside of the tool holder 7. The upper side of the fixed base 104 is rotatably provided with a rotating base 106 via a plane bearing 105. The rotating base 106 is an annular structure and can rotate outside the tool holder 7. The nozzle assembly includes a nozzle 101 and a water conduit 102. The nozzle 101 of the water spray mechanism is fixed to the rotating base 106, and the nozzle 101 is tilted from top to bottom toward the tool 1. The rotating base 106 is equipped with a rotary drive motor 107 to drive the rotating base 106 to rotate relative to the fixed base 104. The housing of the rotary drive motor 107 is fixed to the rotating base 106. The rotary drive motor 107 and the water spray mechanism are respectively located on either side of the axis of the rotating base 106 to serve as counterweights. The motor shaft of the rotary drive motor 107 is fixed with a travel gear 108, and the outer periphery of the fixed seat 104 is provided with a travel gear ring 109. The travel gear 108 and the travel gear ring 109 are meshed with each other to rotate synchronously. When the rotary drive motor 107 is working, it drives the travel gear 108 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating seat 106 to rotate relative to the fixed seat 104, thereby adjusting the direction of the nozzle 101. Figure 1 In the scheme shown, the workpiece 9 is a ring-shaped structure, and the water spraying mechanism is located on the rear side of the moving direction of the tool 1, so water needs to be sprayed in four directions. The nozzle adjustment structure can adjust the direction of the nozzle 101. After the water spraying mechanism rotates 360 degrees, if it needs to continue rotating, the rotary drive motor 107 needs to be rotated in the opposite direction to avoid entanglement of water pipes and wires.

[0027] The nozzle adjustment mechanism includes a distance detection sensor 110 for detecting the height of the nozzle assembly. When the Z-axis guide mechanism 5 drives the tool 1 and nozzle assembly downward, the distance detection sensor 110 detects that the water spray cross-section of the nozzle assembly nozzle 101 is circular. When the Z-axis guide mechanism 5 drives the tool 1 and nozzle assembly upward, the distance detection sensor 110 detects that the water spray cross-section of the nozzle assembly nozzle 101 is a horizontally extending strip, with the area of ​​the strip smaller than that of the circle. The ends of the segment-shaped water spray cross-section are perpendicular to the Z-axis.

[0028] The fixed base 104 is connected to a lifting assembly, which drives a deformable nozzle 111. The deformable nozzle 111 can be plugged into the nozzle 101, and the water outlet of the deformable nozzle 111 is linear. Specifically, the lifting assembly includes a linear electric cylinder 112. The housing of the linear cylinder 112 is fixed to the fixed base 104, and the piston rod of the linear cylinder 112 is fixedly connected to the deformable nozzle 111. One end of the deformable nozzle 111 is truncated to facilitate insertion into the nozzle 101. The interior of the truncated cone is cylindrical, allowing water to enter the nozzle 101. The other end of the deformable nozzle 111 gradually transitions to a flattened shape. A concave annular structure is provided between the two ends. The inner pipe of the annular structure is shaped like an inverted truncated cone. The annular structure is tightly enclosed by a fixed ring 113, through which the deformable nozzle 111 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the linear cylinder 112. The axis of the linear cylinder 112 is parallel to the axis of the nozzle 101.

[0029] As shown in the figure, the shape of the workpiece 9 is a "U"-shaped structure, and the surface of the workpiece 9 needs to be milled and drilled through drilling and milling processes.

[0030] During processing, the workpiece 9 is first placed on the workbench 2, positioned by the reference provided by the workbench 2, and then fixed to the workbench 2 by magnetic force. The tool 1 is located at the origin, with the origin as the center and the upper surface of the workbench 2 used to fix the workpiece 9 as the XY plane, forming an XYZ three-axis coordinate system. The X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions correspond to the X-axis guide mechanism 3, the Y-axis guide mechanism 4 and the Z-axis guide mechanism 5 respectively. CNC machining is performed based on the thickness and drilling position of the workpiece 9 after milling through the PLC control circuit. The switching of the shape of the nozzle 101 can also be combined with the PLC control circuit. When the tool 1 moves horizontally, the water flow rate of the nozzle 101 is fast. When the tool 1 drills downward, the water flow rate of the nozzle 101 is low.

[0031] During milling, the milling cutter rotates and translates at the same time, and milling will produce waste chips on the surface of the workpiece 9. The waste chips may affect the quality of subsequent drilling of the workpiece 9. The present application sets a nozzle assembly on the rear side of the moving direction of the tool 1. The movement of the tool 1 can be judged in combination with the monitoring and recording of the driving speed of the motor rotation corresponding to each axis guide mechanism in the PLC control circuit. When the tool 1 moves horizontally, the nozzle 101 uses a deformable nozzle 111 to discharge water. The water flow rate is large and the spray length is large, thereby achieving cleaning of the surface of the workpiece 9 when the tool 1 moves. When the distance detection sensor 110 detects that the tool 1 descends to drill, the nozzle 101 directly uses itself to spray water. The deformed nozzle of the water sprayer is removed, the water discharge is slow and the water discharge surface is large, which can complete the spray cooling of the drilling tool 1 and improve the drilling efficiency.

Claims

1. An efficient drilling and milling machine suitable for specific workpieces, used for milling and drilling workpiece surfaces with vertical structures, characterized by: It includes a tool and a workbench, as well as an X-axis guide mechanism, a Y-axis guide mechanism and a Z-axis guide mechanism arranged on the workbench. The Z-axis guide mechanism is provided with a driving mechanism for driving the tool to rotate. The X-axis guide mechanism, the Y-axis guide mechanism and the Z-axis guide mechanism are driven in sequence and the guide lines of the three are perpendicular to each other. A water spray mechanism is provided on one side of the driving mechanism. The water spray mechanism includes a nozzle assembly and a nozzle adjustment structure. The nozzle adjustment structure adjusts the flow direction and shape of the water flow sprayed from the nozzle assembly.

2. A high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis guide mechanism includes an X-axis guide rail and an X-axis linear drive assembly arranged on the workbench. An X-axis slider is slidably provided on the X-axis guide rail, and the X-axis linear drive assembly drives the X-axis slider to slide along the X-axis guide rail.

3. The high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis guide mechanism is provided with two groups on opposite sides of the workbench. The Y-axis guide mechanism includes a Y-axis guide rail and a Y-axis linear drive assembly spanning the two groups of X-axis guide mechanisms. A Y-axis slider is slidably provided on the Y-axis guide rail, and the Y-axis linear drive assembly drives the Y-axis slider to slide along the Y-axis guide rail.

4. A high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Y-axis slider is L-shaped, and the Y-axis guide mechanism is provided with at least three groups of Y-axis guide rails distributed on its two sides and cooperate with the Y-axis slider at the same time. The Z-axis guide mechanism includes a Z-axis guide rail and a Z-axis linear drive assembly located on the longitudinal side of the Y-axis slider. A Z-axis slider is slidably provided on the Z-axis guide rail, and the Z-axis linear drive assembly drives the Z-axis slider to slide along the Z-axis guide rail. The drive mechanism is set on the Z-axis slider.

5. A high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The nozzle adjustment structure includes a fixed seat fixed relative to the Z-axis guide mechanism, the fixed seat is rotatably provided with a rotating seat, the nozzle of the water spraying mechanism is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat, and the rotating seat is equipped with a rotary drive motor to drive the rotating seat to rotate relative to the fixed seat.

6. The high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The nozzle adjustment structure includes a distance detection sensor for detecting the height of the nozzle assembly. The distance detection sensor detects that when the Z-axis guide mechanism drives the tool and the nozzle assembly to descend, the water spray cross-section of the nozzle of the nozzle assembly is circular. The distance detection sensor detects that when the Z-axis guide mechanism drives the tool and the nozzle assembly to ascend, the water spray cross-section of the nozzle of the nozzle assembly is changed to a long strip extending in the horizontal direction, and the area of ​​the long strip is smaller than the area of ​​the circle.

7. The high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing seat is connected with a lifting component, and the lifting component is driven and connected with a deformable nozzle. The deformable nozzle can be plugged into the nozzle, and the water outlet of the deformable nozzle is linear.

8. The high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lifting assembly comprises a linear electric cylinder, a shell of the linear electric cylinder is fixed on a fixing seat, and a piston rod of the linear electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the deformation nozzle.

9. The high-efficiency drilling and milling machine suitable for a specific workpiece according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the deformation nozzle is in a truncated cone shape to facilitate insertion into the nozzle.

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