A microwave radiation traceable calibration device and method based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of microwave remote sensing precision calibration technology, and particularly to a traceable microwave radiation calibration device and method based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect. The device includes: a microwave standard radiation system, a parabolic reflector (5), a Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (1), a radiometer receiving antenna (3), a data acquisition and control system (6), and a data processing system (14). The microwave electromagnetic signal from the microwave transmitting antenna (4) is reflected by the parabolic reflector (5), so that the microwave electromagnetic signal alternately irradiates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (1) and the radiometer receiving antenna (3). The interaction between the microwave electric field and a specific Rydberg energy level causes the Euler-Townes effect energy level splitting, resulting in a peak position evolution of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum in the atomic laser system. The data processing system (14) calculates the electric field strength and converts the electric field strength into the corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna (3).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave remote sensing precision calibration technology, and in particular to a microwave radiation traceable calibration device and method based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect. Background Technology

[0002] Passive microwave remote sensing has the following characteristics: strong penetration capabilities, able to penetrate atmospheric obstructions such as clouds, fog, and precipitation to acquire surface and atmospheric information, overcoming the limitations of visible light and infrared remote sensing; all-weather, accurate, and 24 / 7 operation, unaffected by lighting conditions or most weather conditions, allowing for continuous day and night observation; and high sensitivity to surface characteristics, capable of monitoring key parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, vegetation water content, and ocean temperature, salinity, and wind speed. Microwave radiometers, as measuring instruments in passive microwave remote sensing, receive microwave energy scattered and radiated from the Earth's surface to acquire information about the physical characteristics of the atmosphere, surface, and ocean, and have become an important technical means for Earth system monitoring.

[0003] In recent years, to accurately grasp long-term climate change trends and short-term meteorological characteristics, there is an urgent need for microwave remote sensing payloads to possess continuous observation capabilities with high precision, high stability, and high consistency. This places higher demands on the observation accuracy of satellites to support the reliability of climate monitoring, weather forecasting, and environmental research. Accurate radiometric calibration is the foundation of microwave remote sensing. Currently, microwave bands are still calibrated using blackbody methods, which has limitations in tracing the source and makes it difficult to utilize the data efficiently.

[0004] Electric field measurements based on Rydberg atoms possess SI traceability and self-calibration characteristics. Utilizing the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autlertownes (AT) splitting effect of Rydberg atoms, the intensity, polarization, phase, and angle of arrival of microwave fields can be measured non-destructively. Rydberg atom electric field measurement technology has evolved from weak to strong electric fields, successfully measuring field strengths from nV / m to kV / m, and experimental verification has shown its ability to perform radio frequency measurements from GHz to THz. However, its practical application in quantum metrology is still under development.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a calibration technique based on the Rydberg electric field measurement to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, thereby providing a microwave radiation traceable calibration device and method based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect, comprising: a microwave standard radiation system, a parabolic reflector 5, a Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1, a radiometer receiving antenna 3, a data acquisition and control system 6, and a data processing system 14, wherein...

[0008] The microwave standard radiation system is used to transmit microwave electromagnetic signals with standard power, and includes: a microwave standard radiation source 2 and a microwave transmitting antenna 4;

[0009] The parabolic reflector 5 is used to reflect the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna 4, so that the microwave electromagnetic signal alternately illuminates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and the radiometer receiving antenna 3.

[0010] The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 1 is used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals; to emit probe light and coupling light, wherein the probe light and coupling light excite atoms to specific Rydberg states, establishing an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum based on the laser field; the interaction between the microwave electromagnetic signal and the Rydberg atom causes the Euler-Townes effect energy level splitting, resulting in the evolution of the transmission spectral peak of the probe light; and to transmit the spectral peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0011] The radiometer receiving antenna 3 is used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals and transmit the microwave electromagnetic signals to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0012] The data acquisition and control system 6 is used to control the microwave standard radiation source 2, the parabolic reflector 5 and the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1, and to acquire spectral peak evolution data and microwave electromagnetic signals, and input them into the data processing system 14.

[0013] The data processing system 14 is used to receive the data output by the data acquisition and control system 6, calculate the electric field strength and convert the electric field strength into the corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna 3.

[0014] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the microwave standard radiation system includes: a calibrated microwave standard radiation source 2 and a microwave transmitting antenna 4; the frequency of the microwave electromagnetic signal is the receiving frequency of the radiometer receiving antenna 3, and the power is adjusted by the data acquisition and control system 6; wherein, the adjustment method is: the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna 4 is reflected by the parabolic reflector 5, so that the microwave electromagnetic signal first irradiates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1, and then irradiates the radiometer receiving antenna 3 for half a cycle, and the power is changed every half cycle.

[0015] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the rotation angle of the parabolic reflector 5 is controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6; the parabolic reflector 5 reflects the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna 4, so that the microwave electromagnetic signal first illuminates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1, and then illuminates the radiometer receiving antenna 3 for half a cycle, and each cycle is a calibration experiment.

[0016] As an improvement to the aforementioned device, the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 includes: a laser source system, an atomic gas chamber 9, and a spectral measurement system; wherein, the laser source system is used to emit probe light and coupling light; the atomic gas chamber 9 is filled with gaseous alkali metal atoms; initially, the alkali metal atoms are in the ground state, and are excited to the Rydberg state by probe light and coupling light in opposite directions to obtain Rydberg atoms; the spectral measurement system is used to collect and display the absorption of the probe light, indicating electromagnetically induced transparent spectral changes.

[0017] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the laser source system includes: a probe light system and a coupling light system; wherein, the probe light system is used to emit probe light and incident the probe light onto the atomic gas cell 9; wherein, the probe light is used to excite the ground-state alkali metal atoms to the intermediate state; the coupling light system is used to emit coupling light and incident the coupling light onto the atomic gas cell 9; wherein, the coupling light is used to excite the intermediate-state alkali metal atoms to the Rydberg state.

[0018] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the detection light system includes: a detection light source 11 and a reflector 10, wherein the detection light source 11 is used to emit detection light with a stable frequency and power, and the detection light is incident into the atomic gas cell 9 via the reflector 10; the coupling light system includes: a coupling light source 12 and a dichroic mirror 8, wherein the coupling light source 12 is used to emit coupling light with a stable frequency and power, and the coupling light is incident into the atomic gas cell 9 via the dichroic mirror 8.

[0019] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the reflector 10 and the dichroic mirror 8 are positioned opposite each other, so that the optical paths of the probe light and the coupling light coincide.

[0020] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the spectral measurement system includes a photodetector 7 and a digital oscilloscope 13. The photodetector 7 is used to acquire the spectrum of the probe light and perform photoelectric conversion. The corresponding electrical signal generated after conversion is transmitted to the digital oscilloscope 13 through a shielded cable. The digital oscilloscope 13 displays the evolution process of the electromagnetically induced transparent peak induced by the microwave electromagnetic signal in real time based on the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electrical signal, and transmits the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electrical signal to the data acquisition and control system 6. The evolution includes a standard single-peak shape and a peak splitting phenomenon under preset conditions.

[0021] As an improvement to the aforementioned device, the data processing system 14 incorporates an electric field strength calculation model and a radiation calibration model. The microwave electromagnetic signal from the microwave transmitting antenna 4 is reflected by the parabolic reflector 5, causing the microwave electromagnetic signal to first illuminate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1, and then the radiometer receiving antenna 3 for half a cycle. The data acquisition and control system 6 acquires transmission spectrum data and the electromagnetic signal output by the radiometer receiving antenna 3, and transmits them to the data processing system 14 at a frequency of each cycle. The data processing system 14 is used to precisely calibrate the radiometer receiving antenna 3 by combining the transmission spectrum data and microwave electromagnetic signal obtained in each cycle with the quantization relationship between the microwave source electric field and the receiving brightness temperature.

[0022] To achieve another objective of the present invention, the present invention also provides a microwave radiation traceability calibration method based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect, implemented based on the aforementioned microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect, comprising:

[0023] S1. A standard power microwave electromagnetic signal is emitted by the microwave standard radiation source 2 and radiated out through the microwave transmitting antenna 4; the parabolic reflector 5 is used to reflect the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna 4, so that the microwave electromagnetic signal alternately irradiates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and the radiometer receiving antenna 3.

[0024] S2. Control the parabolic reflector 5 to rotate, so that the parabolic reflector 5 reflects the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna 4, and then the microwave electromagnetic signal alternately illuminates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and the radiometer receiving antenna 3; wherein, the microwave electromagnetic signal reflected by the parabolic reflector 5 to the microwave transmitting antenna 4, so that the microwave electromagnetic signal first illuminates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and then illuminates the radiometer receiving antenna 3, constitutes half a cycle. The microwave transmission power is changed every half cycle, and a complete calibration is performed in each cycle;

[0025] S3. The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 1 emits probe light and coupling light, which excite atoms to a specific Rydberg state, establishing an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum based on the laser field. The interaction between the microwave electromagnetic signal and the Rydberg atom causes the Euler-Townes effect energy level splitting, resulting in an evolution of the transmission spectrum peak of the probe light. The spectral peak evolution data is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6. The microwave electromagnetic signal received by the radiometer receiving antenna 3 is also transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0026] S4. Input the spectral peak evolution data and microwave electromagnetic signal into the data processing system 14. The data processing system 14 calculates the electric field strength and converts the electric field strength into the corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna 3.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0028] (1) This invention provides a traceable microwave radiation calibration device based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect. Utilizing the Rydberg quantum effect, it combines parameters such as electric field strength with atomic parameters and spectral characteristics, possessing features such as near-quantum-limit sensitivity, easy integration, strong anti-interference capability, no regional reproducibility, and traceability to international base units. Combining Rydberg atomic measurement with radiometer calibration makes the calibration more accurate, reliable, and traceable, allowing for better application of the measurement data.

[0029] (2) The data processing system of the present invention has an embedded field strength calculation model and a precise calibration model, which can perform corresponding brightness temperature calculations according to the AT splitting interval to form traceable brightness temperature data.

[0030] (3) This invention provides a traceable calibration method for microwave radiation based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect, which makes the brightness temperature data more accurate and traceable, and improves the accuracy and sensitivity of microwave radiometers over a wider range. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a diagram of atomic energy level transitions;

[0033] Figure 3(a) is a transmission spectrum of the standard single-peak shape;

[0034] Figure 3(b) shows the transmission spectrum that produces peak splitting under specific conditions.

[0035] Attached Figure Labels

[0036] 1. Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system; 2. Microwave standard radiation source; 3. Radiometer receiving antenna

[0037] 4. Microwave transmitting antenna; 5. Parabolic reflector; 6. Data acquisition and control system.

[0038] 7. Photodetector; 8. Dichroic mirror; 9. Atomic gas chamber

[0039] 10. Mirror; 11. Probe light source; 12. Coupled light source

[0040] 13. Digital oscilloscope 14. Data processing system Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the embodiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect. See Appendix. Figure 1 It includes: a microwave standard radiation system, a parabolic reflector 5, a Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1, a radiometer receiving antenna 3, a data acquisition and control system 6, and a data processing system 14.

[0044] The microwave standard radiation system is used to transmit microwave electromagnetic signals with standard power. It includes a microwave standard radiation source 2 and a microwave transmitting antenna 4. It uses a calibrated microwave excitation source and antenna, and the frequency is the radiometer receiving frequency.

[0045] The parabolic reflector 5 is used to reflect the microwave electromagnetic signals from the microwave transmitting antenna 4, so that the microwave electromagnetic signals alternately irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and the radiometer receiving antenna 3.

[0046] The Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1, used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals and make measurements, includes: a photodetector 7, a dichroic mirror 8, an atomic gas cell 9, a reflector 10, a probe light source 11, a coupling light source 12, and a digital oscilloscope 13.

[0047] The radiometer receiving antenna 3 is used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals and transmit the signals to the data acquisition system.

[0048] The data acquisition and control system 6 is used to control the angle of the parabolic reflector 5, the power of the radiation source, and the power and frequency of the laser source, and to obtain various types of data.

[0049] Data processing system 14 is used to process and display various data results.

[0050] The microwave standard radiation source 2 has the same frequency as the radiometer receiving frequency. Its power can be changed by the data acquisition and control system 6. Half a cycle is defined as the parabolic reflector 5 first irradiating the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and then the radiometer receiving antenna 3. The power is changed every half cycle.

[0051] The parabolic reflector 5 is controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6. The parabolic reflector 5 first reflects the microwave electromagnetic signal, which then illuminates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and the radiometer receiving antenna 3. This is half a cycle, and one cycle is one calibration experiment. The position of the parabolic reflector 5 does not affect the radiometer receiving antenna 3's observation of the outside world.

[0052] The Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 includes: a laser source system, an atomic gas chamber 9, and a spectral measurement system; among which,

[0053] A laser source system is used to emit probe light and coupling light;

[0054] A spectral measurement system is used to receive and display the probe light spectrum output from atomic gas cell 9; wherein,

[0055] Atomic gas chamber 9 is filled with gaseous alkali metal atoms. Initially, the alkali metal atoms are in the ground state. They are excited to the Rydberg state by probe light and coupling light in opposite directions. The alkali metal atoms no longer absorb probe light photons, and the spectral measurement system displays an electromagnetically induced transparent transmission peak.

[0056] The microwave electric field is reflected by the parabolic reflector 5 and acts on the atomic gas cell 9, causing the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission peak to split, thereby obtaining the corresponding spectral peak shape evolution data, such as the splitting frequency interval, and inputting the spectral peak shape evolution data into the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0057] The laser source system includes a probe light system and a coupling light system; among which,

[0058] The probe light system is used to emit probe light and incident it into the atomic gas cell 9. The probe light is used to excite the ground-state alkali metal atoms to the intermediate state. The coupling light system is used to emit coupling light and incident it into the atomic gas cell 9. The coupling light is used to excite the intermediate-state alkali metal atoms to the Rydberg state.

[0059] The detection light system includes: a detection light source 11 and a reflector 10; wherein,

[0060] The probe light source 11 is used to emit probe light with a stable frequency and power. The probe light enters the atomic gas cell 9 through the reflector 10, and then enters the spectral measurement system through the dichroic mirror 8 after passing through the atomic gas cell 9.

[0061] The coupled light system includes: a coupled light source 12 and a dichroic mirror 8; wherein,

[0062] The coupled light source 12 is used to emit coupled light with a stable frequency and power. The coupled light passes through the dichroic mirror 8 and enters the atomic gas cell 9.

[0063] The reflector 10 and the dichroic mirror 8 are positioned opposite each other, so that the optical paths of the probe light and the coupling light coincide.

[0064] The spectral measurement system includes: a photodetector 7 and a digital oscilloscope 13; wherein,

[0065] The photodetector 7 collects the transmission spectrum of the probe light and inputs it into the digital oscilloscope 13;

[0066] The digital oscilloscope 13 receives the data and transmits it to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0067] After passing through the spectral measurement system, the transmitted beam first enters the photodetector 7 for photoelectric conversion. The corresponding electrical signal generated by the conversion is transmitted to the digital oscilloscope 13 through a shielded cable. Based on the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electrical signal, the device displays in real time the electromagnetic induced transparency effect and the evolution process of the transmission spectral peak generated after receiving the coupled microwave signal. Specifically, it includes the standard single-peak shape shown in Figure 3(a) and the peak splitting phenomenon under specific conditions shown in Figure 3(b).

[0068] The data acquisition and control system 6 is also used to acquire spectral data and microwave electromagnetic signals output by the radiating antenna, and transmits the data to the data processing system 14 every cycle.

[0069] The data processing system 14 has an embedded field strength calculation model and a precise calibration model, which are used to perform precise calibration of the radiometer by using the quantization relationship between the microwave source electric field and the received power.

[0070] The atomic gas chamber 9 is generally made of borosilicate glass or fused silica. The main body of the device is generally cylindrical or cubic. The interior is formed by a special airtight treatment process to create a sealed vacuum environment, which is used to encapsulate and maintain alkali metal atomic vapor.

[0071] The microwave standard radiation source 2 is used to output a signal of a specific frequency and set power to the antenna port. After receiving the effective feed, the microwave transmitting antenna 4 radiates an electromagnetic field in space. The microwave standard radiation source 2 and the microwave transmitting antenna 4 are impedance matched.

[0072] In one specific embodiment, the alkali metal atom is cesium atom, the detection laser source is an 852nm semiconductor laser, and the coupling laser source is a 509nm high-power frequency-doubled semiconductor laser; see appendix. Figure 2 A laser with an emission wavelength of 852 nm from the probe laser source is used as the probe light and incident into the atomic gas chamber to realize the atomic ground state |1>(6S) 1 / 2 →Low excited state|2>(6P) 3 / 2 The transition of energy levels, coupled with a 509nm wavelength laser emitted from a laser source as the coupling light, is incident into the atomic gas chamber, realizing the low excited state of the atom |2>(6P). 3 / 2 The transition from the highly excited state |3>(ns, nd) energy level;

[0073] By radiating an electromagnetic field in space through microwave transmitting antenna 4, a microwave electric field with a frequency of f0 is applied to the atomic gas chamber, resulting in the coupling of adjacent energy levels of the highly excited state, and obtaining an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum that undergoes splitting.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] This embodiment provides a microwave radiation traceability calibration method based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect, implemented using the microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect provided in Embodiment 1, including:

[0076] S1. A standard power microwave electromagnetic signal is emitted by the microwave standard radiation source 2 and radiated out through the microwave transmitting antenna 4; the parabolic reflector 5 is used to reflect the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna 4, so that the microwave electromagnetic signal alternately irradiates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and the radiometer receiving antenna 3.

[0077] S2. Control the parabolic reflector 5 to rotate, so that the parabolic reflector 5 reflects the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna 4, and then the microwave electromagnetic signal alternately illuminates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and the radiometer receiving antenna 3; wherein, the microwave electromagnetic signal reflected by the parabolic reflector 5 to the microwave transmitting antenna 4, so that the microwave electromagnetic signal first illuminates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and then illuminates the radiometer receiving antenna 3, constitutes half a cycle. The microwave transmission power is changed every half cycle, and a complete calibration is performed in each cycle;

[0078] S3. The microwave electromagnetic signal of the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 1 and the Rydberg state preset by the laser generate the Autler-Townes effect energy level splitting, causing the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectral peak of the probe light to undergo characteristic evolution, thereby transmitting the spectral peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system 6; the microwave electromagnetic signal received by the radiometer receiving antenna 3 is also transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0079] S4. Input the spectral peak evolution data and microwave electromagnetic signal into the data processing system 14. The data processing system 14 calculates the electric field strength and converts the electric field strength into the corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna 3.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for traceable calibration of microwave radiation based on Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effects, comprising: The microwave standard radiation system, the parabolic reflector (5), the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1), the radiometer receiving antenna (3), the data acquisition and control system (6) and the data processing system (14), wherein, The microwave standard radiation system is used for emitting microwave electromagnetic signals with standard power, comprising a microwave standard radiation source (2) and a microwave transmitting antenna (4); The parabolic reflector (5) is used for reflecting the microwave electromagnetic signals of the microwave transmitting antenna (4), so that the microwave electromagnetic signals are alternately irradiated to the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1) and the radiometer receiving antenna (3); The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1) is used for receiving the microwave electromagnetic signals; for emitting probe light and coupling light, wherein the probe light and the coupling light excite the atoms to a specific Rydberg state, establish an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum based on a laser field, the microwave electromagnetic signals interact with the Rydberg atoms to cause an Oersted-Townes effect level splitting, resulting in evolution of the transmission spectrum peak of the probe light; and for transmitting the spectrum peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system (6); The radiometer receiving antenna (3) is used for receiving the microwave electromagnetic signals and transmitting the microwave electromagnetic signals to the data acquisition and control system (6); The data acquisition and control system (6) is used for controlling the microwave standard radiation source (2), the parabolic reflector (5) and the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1), for collecting the spectrum peak evolution data and the microwave electromagnetic signals, and inputting to the data processing system (14); The data processing system (14) is used for receiving the data output by the data acquisition and control system (6), calculating the electric field intensity and converting the electric field intensity into corresponding brightness temperature, so as to calibrate the radiometer receiving antenna (3).

2. The apparatus for traceable calibration of microwave radiation based on quantum coherence effects of Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave standard radiation system comprises a calibrated microwave standard radiation source (2) and a microwave transmitting antenna (4); the frequency of the microwave electromagnetic signals is the receiving frequency of the radiometer receiving antenna (3), and the power is adjusted by the data acquisition and control system (6); wherein, The adjustment mode is that the parabolic reflector (5) reflects the microwave electromagnetic signals of the microwave transmitting antenna (4), so that the microwave electromagnetic signals are irradiated to the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1) first and then to the radiometer receiving antenna (3) for a half cycle, and the power size is changed every half cycle.

3. The apparatus for traceable calibration of microwave radiation based on quantum coherence effects of Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation angle of the parabolic reflector (5) is controlled by the data acquisition and control system (6); the parabolic reflector (5) reflects the microwave electromagnetic signals of the microwave transmitting antenna (4), so that the microwave electromagnetic signals are irradiated to the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1) first and then to the radiometer receiving antenna (3) for a half cycle, and each cycle is a calibration experiment.

4. The apparatus for traceable calibration of microwave radiation based on quantum coherence effects of Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1) comprises a laser light source system, an atomic gas chamber (9) and a spectrum measurement system; wherein, The laser light source system is used for emitting probe light and coupling light; The atomic gas chamber (9) is filled with gaseous alkali metal atoms; initially, the alkali metal atoms are in a ground state, and the alkali metal atoms are excited to a Rydberg state by the probe light and the coupling light in opposite directions to obtain Rydberg atoms; The spectrum measurement system is used for collecting and displaying the absorption of the probe light, indicating the change of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum.

5. The apparatus for traceable calibration of microwave radiation based on quantum coherence effects of Rydberg atoms according to claim 4, characterized in that, The laser light source system comprises a probe light system and a coupling light system; wherein, The probe light system is used for emitting probe light and making the probe light incident to the atomic gas chamber (9); wherein, the probe light is used for exciting the alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the intermediate state; The coupling light system is used for emitting coupling light and making the coupling light incident to the atomic gas chamber (9); wherein, the coupling light is used for exciting the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to the Rydberg state.

6. The apparatus for traceable calibration of microwave radiation based on quantum coherence effects of Rydberg atoms according to claim 5, characterized in that, The probe light system comprises a probe light source (11) and a mirror (10), wherein, The probe light source (11) is used for emitting probe light with stable frequency and power, and the probe light is incident to the atomic gas chamber (9) via the mirror (10); The coupling light system comprises a coupling light source (12) and a dichroic mirror (8), wherein, the coupling light source (12) is used for emitting coupling light with stable frequency and power, and the coupling light is incident to the atomic gas chamber (9) via the dichroic mirror (8).

7. The apparatus for traceable calibration of microwave radiation based on quantum coherence effects of Rydberg atoms according to claim 6, characterized in that The mirror (10) and the dichroic mirror (8) are located oppositely, so that the light paths of the probe light and the coupling light coincide.

8. The apparatus for traceable calibration of microwave radiation based on quantum coherence effects of Rydberg atoms according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spectrum measurement system comprises a photodetector (7) and a digital oscilloscope (13), wherein, The photodetector (7) is used for collecting the spectrum of the probe light and performing photoelectric conversion; the corresponding electric signal generated after the conversion is transmitted to the digital oscilloscope (13) through a shielded cable, and the digital oscilloscope (13) displays the evolution process of the electromagnetically induced transparency peak induced by the microwave electromagnetic signal in real time based on the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electric signal, and transmits the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electric signal to the data acquisition and control system (6); wherein, the evolution includes a standard single-peak shape and a spectral peak splitting phenomenon under a preset condition.

9. The apparatus for traceable calibration of microwave radiation based on quantum coherence effects of Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing system (14) is embedded with an electric field intensity calculation model and a radiometric calibration model; the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna (4) is reflected by the parabolic reflector (5), so that the microwave electromagnetic signal is irradiated to the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1) first and then to the radiometer receiving antenna (3) for half a period; the data acquisition and control system (6) collects the transmission spectrum data and the electromagnetic signal output by the radiometer receiving antenna (3), and transmits them to the data processing system (14) at a frequency of every period; the data processing system (14) is used for accurately calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna (3) by combining the transmission spectrum data obtained in each period with the quantization relationship between the microwave source electric field and the receiving brightness temperature.

10. A microwave radiation traceable calibration method based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect, which is realized based on the traceable calibration device for microwave radiation based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to any one of claims 1-9, and comprises: S1, the microwave electromagnetic signal of standard power is emitted by the microwave standard radiation source (2) and radiated and output through the microwave transmitting antenna (4); the parabolic reflector (5) is used for reflecting the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna (4), so that the microwave electromagnetic signal is alternately irradiated to the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1) and the radiometer receiving antenna (3); S2, the parabolic reflector (5) is controlled to rotate, so that the parabolic reflector (5) reflects the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna (4), and then the microwave electromagnetic signal is alternately irradiated to the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1) and the radiometer receiving antenna (3); wherein, with the parabolic reflector (5) reflecting the microwave electromagnetic signal of the microwave transmitting antenna (4), the microwave electromagnetic signal is first irradiated to the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1), and then irradiated to the radiometer receiving antenna (3) as a half cycle, the microwave transmitting power is changed every half cycle, and complete calibration is carried out once every cycle; S3, the probe light and the coupling light are emitted through the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (1), the atoms are excited to a specific Rydberg state by using the probe light and the coupling light, the electromagnetic induced transparency spectrum based on the laser field is established, the microwave electromagnetic signal and the Rydberg atom interact to cause the energy level splitting of the Oersted-Townes effect, which leads to the evolution of the transmission spectrum peak of the probe light, and the spectrum peak evolution data is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system (6); the microwave electromagnetic signal received by the radiometer receiving antenna (3) is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system (6); S4, the spectrum peak evolution data and the microwave electromagnetic signal are input to the data processing system (14), the electric field intensity is calculated through the data processing system (14), and the electric field intensity is converted into corresponding brightness temperature, so that the radiometer receiving antenna (3) is calibrated.

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