Article of footwear with sole structure

Abstract

An article of footwear having a front end and a rear end opposite the front end, and an upper including an interior cavity defined in part by a ground facing surface having a plurality of supports; a sole comprising a first surface facing the interior cavity and a second surface facing the ground, the sole disposed within the interior cavity of the upper, where the sole comprises one or more extensions extending from the second surface, where each of the one or more extensions is received by a respective one of the plurality of supports; and a cushioning element extending from the rearward end toward the forward end, the cushioning element including a first surface facing the upper and a second surface facing the ground, where the one or more supports and the one or more extensions engage the first surface of the cushioning element.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 490,520, filed March 15, 2023, U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 584,745, filed September 22, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 559,432, filed February 29, 2024, and these provisional applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to sole structures for articles of footwear, and more particularly to sole structures incorporating uppers bonded to cushioning elements. BACKGROUND

[0004] This section provides background information relating to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.

[0005] Articles of footwear generally include an upper and a sole structure. The upper can be formed from any suitable materials to receive, secure, and support the foot on the sole structure. The upper can cooperate with laces, straps, or other fasteners to adjust the fit of the upper around the foot. A bottom portion of the upper proximate a bottom surface of the foot is attached to the sole structure.

[0006] The sole structure generally includes a layered arrangement extending between a ground surface and the upper. One layer of the sole structure includes an outsole that provides durability and traction with the ground surface. The outsole can be formed from rubber or other materials that impart durability and abrasion resistance as well as enhanced traction with the ground surface. Another layer of the sole structure includes a midsole disposed between the outsole and the upper. The midsole provides cushioning for the foot and can be formed in part from a polymeric foam material that elastically compresses under applied loads to cushion the foot by attenuating ground reaction forces. The midsole can additionally or alternatively incorporate fluid-filled bladders to increase durability of the sole structure as well as provide cushioning for the foot by elastically compressing under applied loads to attenuate ground reaction forces. The sole structure can also include a comfort-enhancing insole or sockliner located within a void proximate a bottom portion of the upper, as well as a strobel attached to the upper and disposed between the midsole and the insole or sockliner. Some or all of these elements can be replaced or removed as desired to improve weight and other desired characteristics.

[0007] Midsoles that utilize fluid-filled bladders typically include a bladder formed from two barrier layers of polymeric material that are sealed or bonded together. The fluid-filled bladder is pressurized with a fluid, such as air, and may incorporate tensile members within the bladder to maintain the bladder's shape when elastically compressed under an applied load, such as during exercise. Bladder design typically focuses on balancing foot support and cushioning properties, with these cushioning properties being related to the bladder's responsiveness when elastically compressed under an applied load. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 is a side view of the article of footwear;

[0009] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of a footwear article;

[0010] Figure 3A yes Figure 1 a top view of a cushioning element of an article of footwear;

[0011] Figure 3B yes Figure 1 a bottom view of a cushioning element of an article of footwear;

[0012] Figure 3C yes Figure 1 a side view of a cushioning element of an article of footwear;

[0013] Figure 4A yes Figure 1 A front view of a cushioning element of an article of footwear;

[0014] Figure 4B yes Figure 1 a rear view of a cushioning element of an article of footwear;

[0015] Figure 5A It is along Figure 3A The line 5A-5A is intercepted Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of a cushioning element of an article of footwear;

[0016] Figure 5B It is along Figure 3A The line 5B-5B is intercepted Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of a cushioning element of an article of footwear;

[0017] Figure 5C It is along Figure 3A The line 5C-5C is intercepted Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of a cushioning element of an article of footwear;

[0018] Figure 5D It is along Figure 3A The line 5D-5D intercepts Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of a cushioning element of an article of footwear;

[0019] Figure 5E is a cross-sectional view of a cushioning element of the article of footwear of Figure 3A Figure 1

[0020] Figure 6A is a bottom view of a midsole of the article of footwear of Figure 1

[0021] Figure 6B is a top perspective view of a midsole of the article of footwear of Figure 1

[0022] Figure 6C is a cross-sectional view of the midsole of Figure 6A

[0023] Figure 7 is a bottom view of an outsole of the article of footwear of Figure 1

[0024] Figure 8A is a cross-sectional view of the article of footwear of Figure 9 Figure 1

[0025] Figure 8B is a cross-sectional view of the article of footwear of Figure 9 Figure 1

[0026] Figure 8C is a cross-sectional view of the article of footwear of Figure 9 Figure 1

[0027] Figure 9 is a bottom view of the article of footwear of Figure 1

[0028] Figure 10 is a bottom view of an alternative article of footwear

[0029] Figure 11 is a top view of the article of footwear of Figure 10

[0030] Figure 12 is a side view of the article of footwear of Figure 10

[0031] Figure 13A is a cross-sectional view of the article of footwear of Figure 10

[0032] Figure 13B is a cross-sectional view of the article of footwear of Figure 10 ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

[0033] Figure 13C yes Figure 10 a cross-sectional view of a footwear article;

[0034] Figure 13D yes Figure 10 a cross-sectional view of a footwear article;

[0035] Figure 14A is a bottom view of the alternative footwear;

[0036] Figure 14B yes Figure 14A a top view of a footwear article;

[0037] Figure 14C yes Figure 14A a side view of an article of footwear;

[0038] Figure 14D It is intercepted along line 14D-14D Figure 14A a cross-sectional view of a footwear article;

[0039] Figure 14E It was intercepted along line 14E-14E Figure 14A a cross-sectional view of a footwear article;

[0040] Figure 14F It was intercepted along line 14F-14F Figure 14A a cross-sectional view of a footwear article;

[0041] Figure 14G It was intercepted along line 14G-14G Figure 14A a cross-sectional view of a footwear article;

[0042] Figure 15 is a perspective view of an alternative cushioning element;

[0043] Figure 16 is a side view of an alternative article of footwear;

[0044] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 A top perspective view of an alternative cushioning element for an article of footwear;

[0045] Figure 18 yes Figure 16 A bottom view of a cushioning element of an alternative article of footwear;

[0046] Figure 19 yes Figure 16 A perspective view of an outer sole of an alternative article of footwear;

[0047] Figure 20 yes Figure 16 a perspective view of a toe box of an alternative article of footwear;

[0048] Figure 21 is a bottom view of the alternative article of footwear; Figure 16

[0049] Figure 22 is a bottom view of an outsole of the alternative article of footwear;

[0050] Figure 22A is a bottom view of the alternative article of footwear; Figure 22 is a magnified perspective view of a portion of the outsole of

[0051] Figure 23 is a side view of the alternative article of footwear; and

[0052] Figure 24 is a side view of the alternative article of footwear.

[0053] Corresponding reference numerals in the several figures of the drawings indicate corresponding parts throughout. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Example configurations will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example configurations are provided by way of example and illustrate the disclosure but are not intended to limit the disclosure to the example configurations but to convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the example configurations. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, however, that the example configurations can be practiced without these specific details, in many different forms, and that the specific details disclosed do not limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0055] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example configurations only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" can be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "including," and "having," are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order in which they are discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. Additional or alternative steps can be employed.

[0056] ​When an element or layer is referred to as being “on”, “engaged to”, “connected to”, “attached to”, or “coupled to” another element or layer, it can be directly on, engaged, connected, attached, or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers can be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on”, “directly engaged to”, “directly connected to”, “directly attached to”, or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between”, “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent”, etc.). As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.

[0057] The terms first, second, third, etc. can be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections. These elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms can be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first”, “second”, and other numerical terms do not imply a sequence or order unless the context clearly dictates. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below can be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of example configurations.

[0058] When an element or layer includes a directional and / or spatial term (e.g., top, bottom, inner side, outer side, etc.), that directional and / or spatial term is used with respect to the foot anatomy of a user when the article of footwear is worn by the user. The user is considered to be standing on a flat horizontal surface.

[0059] In the following discussion, unless otherwise stated, the terms “about”, “approximately”, “substantially” and the like mean a variation of + / - 10% of the value when used to describe a numerical value.

[0060] Reference Figure 1The article of footwear 10 includes a sole structure 100 and an upper 300 attached to the sole structure 100. The article of footwear 10 can be divided into one or more regions. The regions can include a forefoot region 12, a midfoot region 14, and a heel region 16. The forefoot region 12 can also be described as including a toe portion 12T that corresponds with the toes of the foot and a ball portion 12B that corresponds with the metatarsal-phalangeal (MTP) joints. The midfoot region 14 can correspond with the arch area of the foot, and the heel region 16 can correspond with rear portions of the foot, including the calcaneus. The article of footwear 10 can also include a forward end 18 associated with a forward-most point of the forefoot region 12 and an aft end 20 corresponding with a rearward-most point of the heel region 16. A longitudinal axis A10 of the article of footwear 10 extends along a length of the article of footwear 10 from the forward end 18 to the aft end 20 and generally divides the article of footwear 10 into a medial side 22 and a lateral side 24, as shown in Figure 2

[0061] In examples of the article of footwear 10, the upper 300 can include a fabric shell or vamp 300a and a midsole cloth 300b that can be integrally manufactured as a single unit or joined together as separate units (e.g., with stitching and / or adhesive bonding) to define the interior void 105. The midsole cloth 300b can include a bottom surface 301 opposite the sole structure 100 and an opposing top surface (not shown) that defines a footbed of the interior void 105. The vamp 300a of the upper 300 can include a material suitable for forming in a thin layer while providing durability, water resistance, a desired level of comfort, and a desired level of protection for a foot of a user of the article of footwear 10, such as mesh, fabric, foam, leather, and synthetic leather.

[0062] In the illustrated example, the article of footwear 10 also includes an embedded midsole 102 disposed on the top surface that conforms to a contour of a bottom surface (e.g., a plantar surface) of a foot of a user. In other examples of the article of footwear 10, the upper 300 can incorporate an alternative insole or sockliner disposed on the top surface of the midsole cloth 300b and within the interior void 105 of the upper 300 to receive a plantar surface of a foot to enhance comfort of the article of footwear 10. Figure 1 As further shown in FIG. 1, the upper 300 defines an ankle opening 103 disposed in the heel region 16 that provides access to the interior void 105. For example, the ankle opening 103 can receive a foot to secure the foot within the interior void 105 and facilitate entry and removal of the foot into and out of the interior void 105.

[0063] ​In example embodiments, the midsole 102 can be removably disposed within the interior void 105 of the upper 300 and received by the ankle opening 103. In other words, the midsole 102 can not be permanently attached within the upper 300. The midsole 102 can function as a foot-receiving portion of the article of footwear 10. In alternative examples, the midsole 102 can be adhesively, glued, or otherwise permanently affixed within the upper 300 (e.g., a footbed defining the interior void 105). In some examples, the midsole 102 can also include a textured, upper-facing surface 603. Further description of the midsole 102 is provided below with reference to Figure 6A and Figure 6B Further description of the midsole 102 is provided below with reference to

[0064] With reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the sole structure 100 includes a cushioning element (airsole) 106 configured to provide cushioning properties to the sole structure 100 and an outsole 104 configured to provide a ground-contacting or ground-facing surface 30a (as shown in Figure 9 FIG. 1) of the article of footwear 10. As will be described in greater detail below, the cushioning element 106 is directly coupled to the upper 300 such that no other structural elements of the article of footwear 10 are disposed between the upper 300 and the cushioning element 106 (e.g., no other cushioning components, such as a foam midsole). In some embodiments, the cushioning element 106 and the upper 300 are directly coupled to one another by an adhesive compound and / or a connecting layer disposed between the upper 300 and the cushioning element 106.

[0065] When directly coupled to the cushioning element 106, the midsole cloth 300b of the upper 300 can have an average thickness that is substantially less than an average thickness of the midsole 102 and less than an average thickness of the cushioning element 106. As used herein, the average thickness (e.g., for the midsole 102, the midsole cloth 103b, and the cushioning element 106) is measured at the intersection of the central longitudinal axis and the lateral-medial axis thereof. In particular, the average thickness (e.g., for the midsole 102, the midsole cloth 103b, and the cushioning element 106) can be measured at the intersection of the central longitudinal axis and the lateral-medial axis thereof that is centrally disposed within the midfoot region 14 of the article of footwear 10.

[0066] The midsole 102 can have an average thickness ranging from about 7 millimeters to about 60 millimeters, between about 15 millimeters and 50 millimeters, or between about 25 millimeters and 40 millimeters. In an example, the midsole 102 can have an average thickness of about 35 millimeters. The cushioning element 106 can have an average thickness ranging from about 7 millimeters to about 40 millimeters, between about 10 millimeters and about 30 millimeters, or between about 15 millimeters and about 25 millimeters. In an example, the cushioning element 106 can have an average thickness of about 20 millimeters. The midsole cloth 300b of the upper 300 can have a thickness ranging from about 0.05 millimeters to about 2 millimeters, between about 0.1 millimeters and about 1 millimeter, or between about 0.3 millimeters and about 0.7 millimeters. In an example, the upper 300 can have an average thickness of about 0.5 millimeters.

[0067] As will be described in greater detail below, any of the midsole 102, the cushioning element 106, and / or the midsole cloth 300b can have a variable thickness or a substantially uniform thickness depending on the level of cushioning, support, and comfort desired. Additionally, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The illustrated configuration of the article of footwear 10 having the midsole 102, the midsole cloth 300b, and the cushioning element 106 reduces the overall weight of the article of footwear 10 and provides improved sustainability for the article of footwear 10. By reducing the number of portions that need to be strictly adhered to one another, the amount of adhesive and material needed to form the article of footwear 10 is reduced. Additionally, individual components (e.g., the midsole 102) can be replaced during the life of the article of footwear 10 without the need to discard the entire article of footwear 10 at the end of its life.

[0068] With reference to Figure 3A , the longitudinal axis A10 of the cushioning element 106 extends from a first end 110 in the forefoot region 12 to a second end 112 in the heel region 16. The cushioning element 106 includes a first (top) surface 114 and a second (bottom) surface 116 formed on an opposite side of the cushioning element 106 from the first surface 114 (shown in the cross-sectional view below). The first surface 114 is coupled with the bottom surface 301 of the midsole cloth 300b (of the upper 300), as will be described in greater detail below. Figure 3B

[0069] The cushioning element 106 is a fluid-filled cushioning element, such as an air bladder or bladder. As shown, the cushioning element 106 includes an opposing pair of membranes 216, 218 (membrane 218 shown in the cross-sectional view below). The first surface 114 of the cushioning element 106 is formed by the first membrane 216, and the second surface 116 of the cushioning element 106 is formed by the second membrane 218. Figure 3C ​The opposing pair of films 216, 218 can include one or both of a barrier film. For example, one or both of the opposing pair of films 216, 218 includes a multilayer film, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,082,025 and U.S. Publication No. 2023 / 0043845. In the illustrated example, the interior opposing surfaces of the films 216, 218 (i.e., facing each other) are joined together at discrete locations to form a peripheral seam 122 (as shown in FIG. 1) between the upper film 216 and the lower film 218. The upper film 216 and the lower film 218 are spaced apart from each other between the peripheral seam 122 to define a plurality of blisters 126. Figure 3C The upper film 216 and the lower film 218 are spaced apart from each other between the peripheral seam 122 to define a plurality of blisters 126.

[0070] The plurality of blisters 126 includes a first blister group 126a, a second blister group 126b, and a third blister group 126c. In the example, the first blister group 126a has a substantially spherical shape defined by a generally ovoid central portion having one or more rounded corner protrusions extending outwardly from the central portion. In the example, some of the second blister group 126b can have a rounded triangular shape, while other blisters of the second blister group 126b have a substantially spherical shape. In the example, some of the third blister group 126c have a substantially elongated shape. Each respective blister of the blister groups 126a, 126b, and 126c is shown as having a respective length and planform profile that is different from the length and profile of other blisters of the blister group 126a, 126b, and 126c. Additionally, in the example, a given blister can have a length that is less than a width of the given blister. The length extends substantially parallel to the axis A10. The width extends substantially perpendicular to the axis A10. In such an example, the width of the given blister extends through the periphery of the upper 300.

[0071] In some examples, one or more of the spheroids in the spheroid sets 126a, 126b, and 126c have a width that is greater than their length. In some examples, only some of the spheroids 126 of the article of footwear 10 can have this configuration. For example, the spheroids 126 disposed in the heel region 16 can have a configuration with a width that is greater than a length, while those in the midfoot region 14 and forefoot region 12 do not. In other examples, the spheroids 126 disposed in the midfoot region 14 can have a configuration with a width that is greater than a length, while those in the heel region 16 and forefoot region 12 do not. In other examples, the spheroids 126 disposed in the forefoot region 12 can have a configuration with a width that is greater than a length, while those in the heel region 16 and midfoot region 14 do not. In other examples, all of the spheroids in the spheroid sets 126a, 126b, and 126c have a width that is greater than their length. In some other examples, one or more of the spheroid sets 126a, 126b, and 126c have uniform lengths and widths.

[0072] Due to the respective widths of the spheroids extending past the periphery of the upper 300, the spheroid sets 126a, 126b, and 126c can provide additional stability to the article of footwear 10. In other words, the spheroid sets 126a, 126b, and 126c can provide medial and lateral stability platforms to the article of footwear 10. Additionally, including spheroids 126 having a configuration with a length that is shorter than a width can provide additional flexibility to the article of footwear 10. In other embodiments, the plurality of spheroids 126 can include other shapes, such as ovals, circles, tubes, squares, etc., such that the spheroids 126 provide the article of footwear 10 with a desired form of cushioning.

[0073] The first spheroid set 126a includes a first spheroid 130a, a second spheroid 130b, a third spheroid 130c, a fourth spheroid 130d, a fifth spheroid 130e, a sixth spheroid 130f, a first central spheroid 130g, and a second central spheroid 130h. Bridge portions 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d, 131e, 131f, 131g, 131h, 131i, and 131j interconnect the respective spheroids of the first spheroid set 126a.

[0074] In an example, bridge portion 131a is disposed between and interconnects first globe 130a, sixth globe 130f, and first central globe 130g. Bridge portion 131b is disposed between and interconnects first globe 130a and second globe 130b. Bridge portion 131c is disposed between and interconnects second globe 130b and third globe 130c. Bridge portion 131d is disposed between and interconnects third globe 130c and second central globe 130h. Bridge portion 131e is disposed between and interconnects second central globe 130h and fourth globe 130d. Bridge portion 131f is disposed between and interconnects fourth globe 130d and fifth globe 130e. Bridge portion 131g is disposed between and interconnects fifth globe 130e and sixth globe 130f. Bridge portion 131h is disposed between and interconnects second central globe 130h and first central globe 130g. Bridge portion 131i is disposed between and interconnects first central globe 130g and fifth globe 130e. Bridge portion 131h is disposed between and interconnects first central globe 130g and second globe 130b. In an example, each of bridge portions 131a-131h is a portion of upper membrane 216 extending between respective globes of first globe set 126a.

[0075] Second globe set 126b includes first globe 132a, second globe 132b, third globe 132c, fourth globe 132d, fifth globe 132e, sixth globe 132f, seventh globe 132g, eighth globe 132h, first central globe 132i, second central globe 132j, and third central globe 132k. Bridge portions 133a, 133b, 133c, 133d, 133e, 133f, 133g, 133h, 133i, 133j, and 133k interconnect respective globes of second globe set 126b.

[0076] In the example, bridge portion 133a is disposed between and interconnects first sphere 132a and first center sphere 132i. Bridge portion 133b is disposed between and interconnects first sphere 132a and second sphere 132b. Bridge portion 133c is disposed between and interconnects second sphere 132b, second center sphere 132j, and third sphere 132c. Bridge portion 133d is disposed between and interconnects third sphere 132c and fourth sphere 132d. Bridge portion 133e is disposed between and interconnects fourth sphere 132d and third center sphere 132k. Bridge portion 133f is disposed between and interconnects third center sphere 132k and fifth sphere 132e. Bridge portion 133g is disposed between and interconnects fifth sphere 132e and sixth sphere 132f. Bridge portion 133h is disposed between and interconnects sixth sphere 132f, second center sphere 132j, and seventh sphere 132g. Bridge portion 133i is disposed between and interconnects seventh sphere 132g and eighth sphere 132h. Bridge portion 133j is disposed between and interconnects eighth sphere 132h and first center sphere 132i. Bridge portion 133k is disposed between and interconnects second center sphere 132j and third center sphere 132k. In the example, each of bridge portions 133a-133k is a portion of upper membrane 216 extending between respective spheres of second sphere group 126b.

[0077] Third sphere group 126c includes first sphere 134a, second sphere 134b, third sphere 134c, fourth sphere 134d, fifth sphere 134e, sixth sphere 134f, and center sphere 134g. Bridge portions 135a, 135b, 135c, 135d, 135e, and 135f interconnect respective spheres of third sphere group 126c.

[0078] In an example, the bridging portion 135a is disposed between and interconnects the first bulb 134a and the center bulb 134g. The bridging portion 135b is disposed between and interconnects the first bulb 134a and the second bulb 134b. The bridging portion 135c is disposed between and interconnects the second bulb 134b and the third bulb 134c. The bridging portion 135d is disposed between and interconnects the fourth bulb 134d and the fifth bulb 134e. The bridging portion 135e is disposed between and interconnects the fifth bulb 134e and the sixth bulb 134f. The bridging portion 135f is disposed between and interconnects the sixth bulb 134f and the center bulb 134g. In an example, each of the bridging portions 135a-f is a portion of the upper membrane 216 extending between respective bulbs of the third bulb set 126c.

[0079] Each of the respective bulbs 120a-h, 132a-k, and 134a-k has a variable cross-sectional area so as to taper from a midpoint of the respective lobe of the respective bulb 120a-h, 132a-k, and 134a-k to an end of the respective lobe of the respective bulb 120a-h, 132a-k, and 134a-k. For example, each of the lobes of the respective bulbs 120a-h, 132a-k, and 134a-k includes a first end having a first cross-sectional area, a second end opposite the first end having a second cross-sectional area, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end and having a third cross-sectional area that is greater than the first cross-sectional area and the second cross-sectional area. The first end is disposed at an outermost portion of the respective bulb 120a-h, 132a-k, and 134a-k. The second end is disposed at an innermost portion of the respective bulb 120a-h, 132a-k, and 134a-k. Thus, each of the respective bulbs 120a-h, 132a-k, and 134a-k tapers from the intermediate portion toward the respective first end and second end so as to define a plurality of recesses and pockets, as further described below. Each pocket and recess alternates with the respective bulb along a length of the cushioning element 106.

[0080] One or more openings (embossed areas) are positioned between corresponding bulbs within a given bulb group. One or more openings are portions of cushioning element 106 where material has been removed from cushioning element 106 or is otherwise absent from cushioning element 106, and a cavity exists. First plurality of openings 128a are positioned between corresponding bulbs within first bulb group 126a. First plurality of openings 128a are also positioned between corresponding bridge portions. As an example, openings within first plurality of openings 128a may be positioned between and surrounded by first bulb 130a, bridge portion 131a, second bulb 130b, bridge portion 131b, bridge portion 131j, first center bulb 130g, and bridge portion 131a. As an example, the openings in the first plurality of openings 128a can be disposed between and surrounded by the second bulb 130b, the bridge portion 131c, the third bulb 130c, the bridge portion 131d, the second central bulb 130h, the bridge portion 131h, the first central bulb 130g, and the bridge portion 131j. As an example, the openings in the first plurality of openings 128a can be disposed between and surrounded by the first central bulb 130g, the bridge portion 131h, the second central bulb 130h, the bridge portion 131e, the fourth bulb 130d, the bridge portion 131f, the fifth bulb 130e, and the bridge portion 131i. As an example, an opening in the first plurality of openings 128a can be disposed between and surrounded by the first central bulb 130g, the bridge portion 131i, the fifth bulb 130e, the bridge portion 131g, the sixth bulb 130f, and the bridge portion 131a.

[0081] Each opening in the first plurality of openings 128a can have a variable cross-sectional area. Each cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding openings in the first plurality of openings 128a can be different from each other. Each of the first plurality of openings 128a is shown as having a different length and a different plan view profile. In contrast to a polygonal profile defined by straight boundaries, the plan view profile of each of the first plurality of openings 128a is defined by curved and undulating boundaries, which have a width that varies along the length of the corresponding opening 128a. For example, each of the first plurality of openings 128a can be a rounded rectangle. Each of the first plurality of openings 128a can have a width that is substantially perpendicular to the axis A10 ( Figure 1 The lateral-medial dimension is longer and substantially parallel to the axis A10 (shown in FIG. Figure 1In an alternative embodiment, the first plurality of openings 128a may have a uniform shape. In an example, one or more of the plurality of openings 128a are positioned rearward of one or more other openings in the plurality of openings 128a. In this example, the openings 128a positioned rearward of the other openings in the plurality of openings 128a have a shape parallel to the axis A10 (shown in FIG. 1 ). Figure 1 ) with a smaller rear-front dimension.

[0082] A second plurality of openings 128b is disposed between corresponding bulbs in second bulb group 126b. Each of the second plurality of openings 128b is shown as having a different length and a different plan view profile. In contrast to a polygonal profile defined by straight edges, the plan view profile of each of the second plurality of openings 128b is defined by a curved and undulating border, having a width that varies along the length of the corresponding opening 128b. The second plurality of openings 128b is also disposed between corresponding bridge portions. As an example, a first opening in the second plurality of openings 128b may be disposed between and surrounded by bridge portion 133a, first bulb 132a, bridge portion 133b, second bulb 132b, bridge portion 133c, second central bulb 132j, bridge portion 133h, seventh bulb 132g, bridge portion 133i, eighth bulb 132h, bridge portion 133j, and first central bulb 132i. As an example, a second opening in the second plurality of openings 128b can be disposed between and surrounded by the bridging portion 133c, the third bulb 132c, the bridging portion 133d, the fourth bulb 132d, the bridging portion 133e, the third central bulb 132k, the bridging portion 133k, and the second central bulb 132j. As an example, a third opening in the second plurality of openings 128b can be disposed between and surrounded by the bridging portion 133h, the second central bulb 132j, the bridging portion 133k, the third central bulb 132k, the bridging portion 133f, the fifth bulb 132e, the bridging portion 133g, and the sixth bulb 132f. Each opening in the second plurality of openings 128b can have a variable cross-sectional area. Each cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding openings in the first plurality of openings 128b can be different from one another.

[0083] For example, a first opening of the second plurality of openings 128b can have a generally rounded X-shape. The second and third openings 128b can have a generally oval shape. The first opening of the second plurality of openings 128b can be disposed posterior to the second and third openings of the second plurality of openings 128b. The first opening of the second plurality of openings 128b can be disposed in the midfoot region 14 such that the first opening of the second plurality of openings 128b is at a midpoint of the sole structure 100. The first opening of the second plurality of openings 128b can have an area that is greater than the area of the second and third openings of the second plurality of openings 128b. Each of the second and third openings of the plurality of openings 128b can have a posterior-anterior dimension that is substantially parallel to the axis A10 Figure 1 illustrated in FIG. 10) than a lateral-medial dimension that is substantially perpendicular to the axis A10 Figure 1 illustrated in FIG. 10), or vice versa. In an alternative example, the second plurality of openings 128b can have a uniform shape.

[0084] The third openings 128c are disposed between the second and third ball clusters 126b, 126c. The third openings 128a are also disposed between the respective bridge portions. As an example, the third openings 128c are disposed between the bridge portion 133e, the bridge portion 135a, the central ball 134g, the bridge portion 135f, the bridge portion 133f, and the third central ball 132k. The third openings 128c can have a variable cross-sectional area. For example, the third openings 128c can have a crescent shape or a bean shape. In other words, the third openings 128c can be generally semicircular.

[0085] In an example, each of the openings 128a, 128b, and 128c is completely surrounded by their respective balls and bridge portions. As described below, the fourth openings 128d are only partially surrounded by the respective balls and bridge portions.

[0086] A fourth opening 128d is disposed between respective spheroids of the third set of spheroids 126c. The fourth opening 128d is also disposed between respective bridge portions. The fourth opening 128d includes a mouth 129. The fourth opening 128d is disposed between the rear portion 127a, the medial portion 127b, and the lateral portion 127c and is bounded by the third set of spheroids 126c and respective bridge portions. The front portion 127d of the fourth opening 128d is disposed proximate the front end 18. By way of example, the rear portion 127a of the fourth opening 128d is bounded by a portion of the first spheroid 134a, the bridge portion 135a, the central spheroid 134g, the bridge portion 135f, and a portion of the sixth spheroid 134f. The medial portion 127b of the fourth opening 128d is bounded by a portion of the first spheroid 134a, the bridge portion 135b, the second spheroid 134b, the bridge portion 135c, and the third spheroid 134c. The lateral portion 127c of the fourth opening 128d is bounded by the fourth spheroid 134d, the bridge portion 135d, the fifth spheroid 134e, the bridge portion 135e, and a portion of the sixth spheroid 134f. The mouth 129 is disposed between the third spheroid 134c and the fourth spheroid 134d of the third set of spheroids 126c at the front portion 127d of the fourth opening 128d. The mouth 129 is not completely closed and is open to the external environment at the front end 127d thereof.

[0087] The fourth opening 128d can have a variable cross-sectional area. For example, the fourth opening 128d can have a generally H-shape.

[0088] With reference to Figure 3B The second surface 116 is disposed facing a ground surface. The cushioning element 106 further includes a neck 136 and a plurality of pockets (138a, 138b, 138c, 138d, and 138e). The plurality of pockets can be indentations in the outer circumference of the cushioning element 106 between respective sets of spheroids 126a, 126b, and 126c. In an example, one of the plurality of pockets can be disposed between respective spheroids of the set of spheroids 126a. In an example, the plurality of pockets are concave when viewed from an advantageous position external to the article of footwear 10. The plurality of pockets includes a rear pocket 138a, a first medial pocket 138b, a first lateral pocket 138c, a second lateral pocket 138d, and a second medial pocket 138e. The rear pocket 138a is disposed at a rear region 140a of the cushioning element 106. The rear pocket 138a is disposed between the first spheroid 130 of the first set of spheroids 126a and the sixth spheroid 130f of the first set of spheroids 126a.

[0089] A first medial recess 138b is disposed on the medial side of the cushioning element 106. The first medial recess 138b is disposed between the third sphere 130c of the first sphere set 126a and the first sphere 132a of the second sphere set 126b. A first lateral recess 138c is disposed on the lateral side of the cushioning element 106. The first lateral recess 138c is disposed between the fourth sphere 130d of the first sphere set 126a and the eighth sphere 132h of the second sphere set 126b. A second lateral recess 138d is disposed on the lateral side of the cushioning element 106. The second lateral recess 138d is disposed between the fourth sphere 132d of the second sphere set 126b and the first sphere 134a of the third sphere set 126c. A second medial recess 138e is disposed on the medial side of the cushioning element 106. The second medial recess 138e is disposed between the fifth sphere 132e of the second sphere set 126a and the sixth sphere 134f of the third sphere set 126c.

[0090] A neck 136 is disposed between the first sphere set 126a and the second sphere set 126b. The neck 136 connects the first sphere set 126a to the second sphere set 126b. The neck 136 has a reduced width in the lateral-medial direction perpendicular to the axis A10 (shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 The length of the neck 136 extending in the posterior-anterior direction parallel to the axis A10 (shown in Figure 1 may be equal to the maximum length of the first medial recess 138b and the first lateral recess 138c. In some examples, the neck 136 allows for fluid communication between the sphere set 126a and the sphere set 126b. In some other examples, the neck 136 is pinched or otherwise closed to prevent fluid communication between the sphere set 126a and the sphere set 126b. It is contemplated that the neck 136 can be pinched or otherwise throttled to allow a desired amount of fluid flow between the sphere set 126a and the sphere set 126b.

[0091] With continued reference to Figure 3BThe cushioning element 106 also includes recesses between adjacent pairs of spheroids. The one or more recesses can be indentations between respective spheroids of a given spheroid group 126a, 126b, and 126c in the outer circumference of the cushioning element 106. In examples, the one or more recesses are concave when viewed from an advantageous position external to the article of footwear 10. The cushioning element 106 includes recesses 142a, 142b, 142c, and 142d disposed between adjacent pairs of the first spheroid group 126a. The recess 142a is disposed between the first spheroid 130a and the second spheroid 130b. The recess 142b is disposed between the second spheroid 130b and the third spheroid 130c. The recess 142c is disposed between the fourth spheroid 130d and the fifth spheroid 130e. The recess 142d is disposed between the fifth spheroid 130e and the sixth spheroid 130f.

[0092] In examples, each of the spheroids 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g, and the bridging portions 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f can be in fluid communication with one another. In other examples, the spheroids 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g, and the bridging portions 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f can not be in fluid communication with one another, and can be fluidly sealed from one another.

[0093] The cushioning element 106 includes recesses 144a, 144b, 144c, 144d, 144e, and 144f disposed between adjacent pairs of the second spheroid group 126b. The recess 144a is disposed between the first spheroid 132a and the second spheroid 132b. The recess 144b is disposed between the second spheroid 132b and the third spheroid 132c. The recess 144c is disposed between the third spheroid 132c and the fourth spheroid 132d. The recess 144d is disposed between the fifth spheroid 132e and the sixth spheroid 132f. The recess 144e is disposed between the sixth spheroid 132f and the seventh spheroid 132g. The recess 144f is disposed between the seventh spheroid 132g and the eighth spheroid 132h.

[0094] The cushioning element 106 includes recesses 146a, 146b, 146c, and 146d disposed between adjacent pairs of the third spheroid group 126c. The recess 146a is disposed between the first spheroid 134a and the second spheroid 134b. The recess 146b is disposed between the second spheroid 134b and the third spheroid 134c. The recess 146c is disposed between the fourth spheroid 134d and the fifth spheroid 134e. The recess 146d is disposed between the fifth spheroid 134e and the sixth spheroid 134f.

[0095] Referring toFigure 3C The outer peripheral seam 122 extends around the periphery of the cushioning element 106. The bladders are formed from two barrier films 216, 218. Each of the bladders 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g extends on both sides of the outer peripheral seam 122. In other words, the top portions of the bladders 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g correspond to the barrier film 216, and the bottom portions opposite the top portions of the bladders 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g correspond to the barrier film 218. Additionally, the bridge portions are formed from two barrier films 216, 218. Each of the bridge portions 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f extends on both sides of the outer peripheral seam 122. In other words, the top portions of the bridge portions 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f correspond to the barrier film 216, and the bottom portions opposite the top portions of the bridge portions 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f correspond to the barrier film 218.

[0096] In an example, each of the bladder sets 126a, 126, and 126c are fluidically isolated from one another. For example, some or all of the bladder sets 126a, 126, and 126c can be pressurized to different values. One or more of the bladder sets 126a, 126, and 126c can have a first pressure. One or more of the bladder sets 126a, 126, and 126c can have a second pressure different from the first pressure. One or more of the bladder sets 126a, 126, and 126c can have a third pressure different from the first pressure and the second pressure.

[0097] In one example, one or more of the ball groups 126a, 126b, and 126c can have the same first pressure. Other of the ball groups 126a, 126b, and 126c can have the same second pressure. For example, the ball groups 126a and 126b can have the same first pressure. The first pressure can be 15 PSI (103 kPA). The ball group 126c can have the second pressure. The second pressure can be 5 PSI (34 kPA). In another example, the first pressure can be 5 PSI (34 kPA) and the second pressure can be 15 PSI (103 kPA). As another example, the ball group 126a can have the first pressure and the ball groups 126b and 126c can have the second pressure. The first pressure can be 15 PSI (103 kPA). The second pressure can be 5 PSI (34 kPA). In another example, the first pressure can be 5 PSI (34 kPA). The second pressure can be 15 PSI (103 kPA). In another example, the first pressure can be 15 PSI (103 kPA) and the second pressure can be 17 PSI (117 kPA).

[0098] In one example, the pressure values of each of the ball groups 126a, 126b, and 126c are substantially similar or the same. In one example, the pressure values of each of the ball groups 126a, 126b, and 126c vary from one ball group to another. For example, the pressure values decrease when moving from the heel region 16 to the forefoot region 12. In such an example, the pressure value of the ball group 126c is less than the pressure value of the ball group 126b, and the pressure value of the ball group 126a is less than the pressure value of the ball group 126b.

[0099] As another example, the pressure values can increase when moving from the heel region 16 to the forefoot region 12. In such an example, the pressure value of the ball group 126c is greater than the pressure value of the ball group 126b, and the pressure value of the ball group 126a is greater than the pressure value of the ball group 126b. In an alternative example, individual balls can have their own pressure within a given ball group 126a, 126b, and 126c.

[0100] Pressure values ​​range from approximately atmospheric pressure to approximately 40 PSI (276 kPA). In one example, the first pressure of first bulb group 126a is approximately 15 PSI (103 kPA), the second pressure of second bulb group 126b, and the third pressure of third bulb group 126c are approximately 5 PSI (34 kPA). Each of bulb groups 126a, 126b, and 126c can be in fluid communication with one another. In other examples, bulb groups 126a, 126b, and 126c can not be in fluid communication with one another. In some examples, only some of the bulbs in bulb groups 126a, 126b, and 126c are in fluid communication with one another, while other bulbs in bulb groups 126a, 126b, and 126c are not in fluid communication with one another.

[0101] Figure 4A A front view of cushioning element 106 is shown. The front view shows mouth 129 exposing an interior portion of front end 127d of cushioning element 106. Figure 4B A rear view of cushioning element 106 is shown. The rear view shows recess 138a forming a void between first bulb 130a and sixth bulb 130f.

[0102] like Figure 4A and Figure 4B As shown, cushioning element 106 can be substantially curved from first end 110 to second end 112 such that first end 110 and second end 112 can lie in the same plane, but a portion of cushioning element 106 between first end 110 and second end 112 lies in a plane different from the plane of first end 110 and second end 112. In other examples, cushioning element 106 can be substantially flat from first end 110 to second end 112 such that first end 110 and second end 112 lie in the same plane. In other examples, cushioning element 106 can be substantially curved from first end 110 to second end 112 such that first end 110 and second end 112 do not lie in the same plane.

[0103] refer to Figures 5A to 5E Cushioning element 106 includes an average cross-sectional dimension (e.g., an average thickness). Average thickness can be the average of all measurements taken between barrier films 216, 218 of a given bulb 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g of cushioning element 106 and between barrier films 216, 218 of a given bridge portion 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f of cushioning element 106. Cushioning element 106 can be sliced ​​and observed along a line extending parallel to a given vertical plane, which represents thickness. The collection of vertical lines within each bulb is averaged to provide average thickness T106.

[0104] Accordingly, the term "average thickness," as used when referring to a particular element, such as the average thickness of the bulbs 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g, and the bridging portions 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f, relates only to the average thickness of the particular element.

[0105] The average thickness T106 of each of the bulbs 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g, and the bridging portions 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f, extends parallel to the vertical plane of the cushioning element 106. The average thickness T106 is between about 0.5 millimeters and about 25 millimeters. In an example, the average thickness T106 is about 7 millimeters.

[0106] In an example, the average thickness can decrease when moving from the rear end 112 to the front end 112. The first set of bulbs 126a can have a first thickness T106a, the second set of bulbs 126b can have a second thickness T106b, and the third set of bulbs 126c can have a third thickness T106c. The first thickness T106a can be greater than the second thickness T106b. The second thickness T106b can be greater than the third thickness T106c. For example, the first thickness T106a is about 20 millimeters. The second thickness T106b is about 15 millimeters. The third thickness T106c is about 10 mm. As another example, the average thickness can increase when moving from the rear end 112 to the front end 112. The first thickness T106a can be less than the second thickness T106b. The second thickness T106b can be less than the third thickness T106c. For example, the first thickness T106a is about 12 millimeters. The second thickness T106b is about 15 millimeters. The third thickness T106c is about 17 millimeters. In another example, the average thickness can decrease when moving from the inboard side 22 to the outboard side 24. As another example, the average thickness can increase when moving from the inboard side 22 to the outboard side 24. As another example, the average thickness is wider at the outer region and narrower at the inner region when moving from the inboard side 22 to the outboard side 24.

[0107] In one example, the thickness T106 of each of the bulbs 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g, and the bridging portions 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f, is substantially similar or the same. In one example, the thickness T106 of each of the bulbs 130a-130h, 132a-132k, and 134a-134g, and the bridging portions 131a-131j, 133a-133k, and 135a-135f, is different from one another.

[0108] Figure 5A Shown along Figure 3A 5A-5A. Barrier films 216, 218 each form a respective portion of an interior cavity 530 of cushioning element 106. Interior cavity 530, shown along cross-section 5A-5A, may be generally elliptical in shape.

[0109] Figure 5B Shown along Figure 3A 5B-5B. A cross section of cushioning element 106 is shown along axis 5B-5B. Interior cavity 530, shown along cross section 5B-5B, may be generally oval in shape.

[0110] Figure 5C Shown along Figure 3A 5C-5C is a cross-section of cushioning element 106. Interior cavity 530, shown along cross-section 5B-5B, can be, for example, substantially oval in shape.

[0111] Figure 5D Shown along Figure 3A 5D-5D. The cross section of cushioning element 106 is taken along axis 5D-5D. The interior cavity 530 shown along the cross section 5D-5D can be, for example, substantially oval in shape.

[0112] Figure 5E Shown along Figure 3A 5E-5E. The interior cavity 530 shown along the cross-section 5E-5E can have, for example, an irregular, elongated shape.

[0113] As disclosed herein, midsole 102 may be inserted into and / or disposed within upper 300. Midsole 102 may be formed with a pressure-mapped topography. Figure 6A The midsole 102 includes a first ground-facing surface 602 and a second upper-facing surface 603 (e.g., Figure 6B ). In an example, midsole 102 can be removably disposed within upper 300. First surface 602 extends from a front portion 602a of midsole 102 to a rear portion 602c of midsole 102. Midfoot portion 602b is disposed between front portion 602a and rear portion 602c. Midsole 102 can also include one or more engagement features.

[0114] The one or more engagement features include a first engagement region 604a, a second engagement region 604b, and a plurality of extensions 612. The first engagement region 604a is disposed entirely within the forefoot portion 602a. The first engagement region 604a includes a recess 606. The recess 606 surrounds a portion of the first surface 602 that is disposed in the forefoot portion 602a. The recess 606 can be substantially U-shaped. The recess 606 can have a shape that corresponds to the third ball set 126c.

[0115] The second engagement region 604b is disposed substantially within the forefoot portion 602a. A portion of the second engagement region 604b can be disposed in the midfoot portion 602b. The second engagement region 604b can be a rounded rectangle. The second engagement region 604b includes a recess 608, a first land 610a, and a second land 610b. The recess 608 surrounds both the first land 610a and the second land 610b. The first land 610a can be substantially circular. The second land 610b can be substantially diamond-shaped. In some examples, each of the first land 610a and the second land 610b can have a similar shape. The second engagement region 604b can have a shape that corresponds to one or more of the openings 128b.

[0116] The plurality of extensions 612 includes a first extension 612a, a second extension 612b, a third extension 612c, a fourth extension 612d, a fifth extension 612e, a sixth extension 612f, a seventh extension 612g, an eighth extension 612h, a ninth extension 612i, a tenth extension 612j, and an eleventh extension 612k. The plurality of extensions 612 extends away from the first surface 602 toward a ground surface when the first surface 602 is oriented to face the ground surface. The plurality of extensions 612 is divided into one or more rows along the first surface 602 of the midsole 102. A first row 615a of the plurality of extensions includes the extensions 612a, 612b, 612c, and 612d. A second row 615b of the plurality of extensions includes the extensions 612e, 612f, and 612g. A third row 615c of the plurality of extensions includes 612h, 612i, 612j, and 612k. The first row 615a is disposed at an outer portion of the midsole 102. The third row 615c is disposed at an outer portion of the midsole 102 that is opposite the first row 615a. The second row 615b is disposed between the first row 615a and the third row 615c.

[0117] Each of the plurality of extensions 612a, 612b, 612c, 612d, 612e, 612f, 612g, 612h, 612i, 612j, and 612k includes a pocket that forms a receiving area for engaging a corresponding portion of the cushioning element 106. A first pocket 614a is disposed at an end of the first extension 612a that is farthest from the first surface 602. A second pocket 614b is disposed at an end of the second extension 612b that is farthest from the first surface 602. A third pocket 614c is disposed at an end of the third extension 612c that is farthest from the first surface 602. A fourth pocket 614d is disposed at an end of the fourth extension 612d that is farthest from the first surface 602. A fifth pocket 614e is disposed at an end of the fifth extension 612e that is farthest from the first surface 602. A sixth pocket 614f is disposed at an end of the sixth extension 612f that is farthest from the first surface 602. A seventh pocket 614g is disposed at an end of the seventh extension 612g that is farthest from the first surface 602. An eighth pocket 614h is disposed at an end of the eighth extension 612h that is farthest from the first surface 602. A ninth pocket 614i is disposed at an end of the ninth extension 612i that is farthest from the first surface 602. A tenth pocket 614j is disposed at an end of the tenth extension 612j that is farthest from the first surface 602. An eleventh pocket 614k is disposed at an end of the eleventh extension 612k that is farthest from the first surface 602.

[0118] With reference to Figure 6B The midsole 102 extends from the rear region 621a to the front region 621b. The second surface 603 is surrounded by a sidewall 620. The sidewall 620 extends away from the second surface 603 and contacts the upper 300 when assembled. The sidewall 620 extends around the second surface 603 and from the rear region 621a to the front region 621b. The sidewall 620 includes a notch 622. The notch 622 can assist in removing the midsole 102 when the midsole 102 is removed from the upper 300. The notch 622 can also assist in securing the midsole 102 when the midsole 102 is inserted into the upper 300. The sidewall 620 also includes a first protrusion 620a and a second protrusion 620b. The first protrusion 620a and the second protrusion 620b are separated by a space 624. The first protrusion 620a and the second protrusion 620b extend away from the midsole 102 toward the rear region 621a. Each of the first protrusion 620a and the second protrusion 620b assist in securing the midsole 102 to the upper 300 when inserted into the upper 300.

[0119] In some examples, the second surface 603 can be textured such that the second surface 603 includes various shaped raised elements. When textured, the second surface 603 of the midsole 102 can also assist in securing a foot of a user of the article of footwear.

[0120] The midsole 102 can vary in thickness. For example, the thickness at the rear region 621a can be greater than the thickness at the front region 621b, such that the midsole 102 tapers from the rear region 621a to the front region 621b. In this example, the thickness at the rear region 621a can be 35 mm, and the thickness at the front region 621b can be 20 mm. In another example, the thickness at the rear region 621a can be less than the thickness at the front region 621b, such that the midsole 102 tapers from the front region 621b to the rear region 621a. In this example, the thickness at the rear region 621a can be 30 mm, and the thickness at the front region 621b can be 35 mm. In other examples, the midsole 102 can have a uniform thickness of about 35 mm.

[0121] As Figure 6C As best shown, each of the pockets 614a, 614b, 614c, 614d, 614e, 614f, 614g, 614h, 614i, 614j, and 614k can have a substantially circular and generally concave shape when viewed from a vantage point above the respective pocket, so as to be configured to engage a top surface of a respective portion of the cushioning element 106. In some examples, each of the pockets 614a, 614b, 614c, 614d, 614e, 614f, 614g, 614h, 614i, 614j, and 614k can have the same shape. In other examples, each of the pockets 614a, 614b, 614c, 614d, 614e, 614f, 614g, 614h, 614i, 614j, and 614k can have a different shape. Each of the pockets 614a, 614b, 614c, 614d, 614e, 614f, 614g, 614h, 614i, 614j, and 614k can have a shape that is suitable to engage a corresponding portion of the cushioning element 106.

[0122] The midsole 102 incorporates one or more materials or embedded elements that enhance the comfort, performance, and / or ground-reaction force attenuation performance of the article of footwear 10. These elements and materials can include, individually or in any combination, polymeric foam materials such as polyurethane or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), filler materials, moderators, air-filled bladders, plates, durability elements, or motion control members.

[0123] With reference to Figure 7 The outsole 104 includes a ground-facing surface 702. In some examples, the ground-engaging surface 702 of the outsole 104 can include traction elements or other elements for attenuating ground forces and / or providing traction to the article of footwear 10. The outsole 104 can have a shape that corresponds to the cushioning element 106. In other examples, the cushioning element 106 can have a substantially oval, rectangular, or circular shape.

[0124] Figure 8A A cross-section of the article of footwear 10 taken along the axis A10 and the line 8A-8A (shown in Figure 9 A cross-section of the article of footwear 10 taken along the axis A10 and the line 8A-8A (shown in

[0125] The combination of the midsole 102 and the upper 300 forms a series of supports 168a, 168b, 168c, 168d, and 168e that extend along the length of the combination of the midsole 102 and the upper 300. The series of supports 168a-168e alternate with a series of recesses 170a, 170b, 170c, 170d, and 170e that also extend along the length of the combination of the midsole 102 and the upper 300. The series of supports 168a-168e are spaced apart from one another in both the medial-to-lateral direction and the toe-to-heel direction by the recesses 170a, 170b, 170c, 170d, and 170e. The recesses 170a, 170b, 170c, 170d, and 170e that space the supports 168a-168e apart can extend substantially continuously in both the medial-to-lateral direction and the toe-to-heel direction. Each of the recesses 170a-170e extends along the entire width of the article of footwear 10 that extends perpendicular to the axis A10, such that the recesses 170a-170e allow a user to view one side of the article of footwear 10 from the opposite side of the article of footwear 10. Each of the recesses 170a-170e can have a substantially triangularly arched profile when viewed from the medial side 22 or the lateral side 24 of the article of footwear 10. Although only the supports 168a-168e are shown in this cross-sectional view, it is contemplated that any number of supports for engaging the cushioning element 106 are present.

[0126] The series of supports 168a-168e are aligned with and in contact with the respective ball group 126. As such, when viewed from a bottom perspective of the article of footwear 10, the bottom end of each of the supports 168a-168e is generally concave so as to receive a top surface of a respective one of the ball groups 126. The supports 168a-168c define a first series of supports 178 that are configured to align with and contact the first ball group 126a. The support 168d is configured to align with and contact the second ball group 126b. The support 168e is configured to align with and contact the second ball group 126c. The series of supports 168a-168e exert point loads on the cushioning element 106. This configuration of the article of footwear 10 allows for force-damping contact between the series of supports 168a-168e and the cushioning element 106. In other words, the combination of the midsole 102 and the upper 300 are directly attached to the cushioning element 106. This attachment can be achieved through wet cement bonding, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) bonding, or the like.

[0127] This shape configuration of the series of supports 168a to 168e, ball 126, and midsole 102 can also facilitate toe-to-heel flexion in addition to medial-to-lateral flexion. This shape configuration can reflect the wearer's movement of shifting weight from the ball of the foot to the heel or vice versa, as well as the wearer's movement of shifting weight from the inside to the outside or vice versa, such as when performing a left-to-right movement. In addition, having smaller but more discrete supports 168a to 168e can provide more points for increased point loading and thus increase the ability to attenuate ground forces (e.g., cushioning). In other examples, larger but less numerous supports 168a to 168e can provide increased point loading over a larger area and thus increase the ability to attenuate ground forces (e.g., cushioning).

[0128] The recesses 170a, 170b, 170c, 170d, and 170e can help localize the transferred forces to discrete areas (e.g., the plurality of bulbs 126), which can increase the number of flex points to improve wearer comfort and reduce foot fatigue. Likewise, the recesses 170a, 170b, 170c, 170d, and 170e can also elastically compress in response to loads, further enhancing the cushioning / force attenuation characteristics of the sole structure 100.

[0129] In other examples, one or more of series of supports 168a-168e may not be directly attached to cushioning element 106. In such examples, one or more series of supports 168a-168e that do not contact cushioning element 106 do not apply a point load to cushioning element 106.

[0130] exist Figure 8B The figure shows the line 8B-8B (in Figure 9 The support member 168e contacts the third ball group 126c.

[0131] exist Figure 8C The figure shows the line 8C-8C (in Figure 9 Recess 170b is shown extending across both sides of article of footwear 10.

[0132] By fully filling corresponding pockets 614a - 614k of midsole 102 with corresponding bulbs 126 of cushioning element 106 , respectively, corresponding bulbs 126 take on the shape and size of their corresponding pockets 614a - 614k .

[0133] Figure 9A bottom view of the article of footwear 10 is illustrated. The outsole 104 is formed of a material that is different than the material of the cushioning element 106. The outsole 104 can be formed of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). The outsole 104 can include one or more textured elements. The textured elements can provide a desired form of traction to the article of footwear 10. The material of the outsole 104 can be more durable relative to the material of the cushioning element 106. Preferably, the material of the outsole 104 is disposed on areas of the outsole 104 where a portion of the outsole 104 engages a ground surface.

[0134] An alternative embodiment of the cushioning element 106 is illustrated in Figure 10 the cushioning element 1006 of the article of footwear 1000. The cushioning element 1006 can be coupled to the article of footwear 1000 similarly as the cushioning element 106 is coupled to the article of footwear 10. The cushioning element 1006 includes a front end 1006a and a rear end 1006b. The cushioning element 1006 also includes a rear cluster of spheres 1008, a front cluster of spheres 1010, and one or more openings 1012a, 1012b, and 1012c. The rear cluster of spheres 1008 includes a first sphere 1008a, a second sphere 1008b, a third sphere 1008c, a fourth sphere 1008d, a fifth sphere 1008e, a sixth sphere 1008f, a first central sphere 1008c, a first central sphere 1008g, and a second central sphere 1008h. The front cluster of spheres 1010 includes a first sphere 1010a, a second sphere 1010b, a third sphere 1010c, a fourth sphere 1010d, a fifth sphere 1010e, a sixth sphere 1010f, a seventh sphere 1010g, and an eighth sphere 1010h. Each of the rear cluster of spheres 1008 and the front cluster of spheres 1010 can be substantially similar to the first cluster of spheres 126a, the second cluster of spheres 126b, and the third cluster of spheres 126c. Each of the rear cluster of spheres 1008 and the front cluster of spheres 1010 can be interconnected in a similar manner as the first cluster of spheres 126a, the second cluster of spheres 126b, and the third cluster of spheres 126c.

[0135] The opening 1012a can be disposed proximate the rear end 1006b. The opening 1012a is surrounded by the second sphere 1008b, the third sphere 1008c, the fourth sphere 1008d, the fifth sphere 1008e, the first central sphere 1008g, and the second central sphere 1008h. Similar to the openings 128a, 128b, and 128c, the opening 1012a can have a substantially X-shape and correspond to a portion of the material of the cushioning element 1006 that has been removed.

[0136] Opening 1012b is defined by first bulb 1008a, second bulb 1008b, first center bulb 1008g, fifth bulb 1008e, sixth bulb 1008f, fourth bulb 1010d, fifth bulb 1010e, and third bulb 1010c. Opening 1012b also includes an opening 1014 disposed on the inner side of article of footwear 1000. Opening 1012b exposes the interior portion of opening 1012b to the external environment. Opening 1014 extends between third bulb 1010c and first bulb 1008a.

[0137] Opening 1012c is defined by first bulb 1010a, second bulb 1010b, third bulb 101c, fifth bulb 1010e, sixth bulb 1010f, seventh bulb 1010g, and eighth bulb 1010h. Opening 1012c also includes a mouth 1016 disposed at rear end 1006a of cushioning element 1006. Mouth 1016 exposes the interior portion of opening 1012c to the external environment. Mouth 1016 extends between first bulb 1010a and eighth bulb 1010h.

[0138] Figure 11 A top view of article of footwear 1000 having cushioning element 1006 is depicted.

[0139] Figure 12 A side view of article of footwear 1000 is shown having cushioning element 1006. Cushioning element 1006 can be formed with a textured ground engaging surface. In some examples, cushioning element 1006 can be coupled to an outsole similar to outsole 104.

[0140] Figures 13A to 13D Shown are the Figure 10 10D, 10E, 10F, and 10G. The interior of cushioning element 1006 may be formed similarly to the interior of cushioning element 106.

[0141] Figures 14A to 14G An alternative article of footwear 1400 is shown that includes an alternative cushioning element 1406 coupled to an alternative outsole 1404. Outsole 1404 includes textured element 1408. Textured element 1408 engages a ground surface. Textured element 1408 may include any shape, such as a star, diamond, rectangle, oval, or any other desired shape, to provide a desired form of traction and / or cushioning to article of footwear 1400. Cushioning element 1406 may be substantially similar to cushioning element 106 and may be coupled within article of footwear 1400 in a manner substantially similar to how cushioning element 106 is coupled within article of footwear 10.

[0142] Figure 15An alternative cushioning element 1506 is shown. The cushioning element 1506 includes a medial ball set 1508, a lateral ball set 1510, an inner ball 1512, a posterior ball 1514, a posterior web 1516, a lateral bridge 1518a, a medial bridge 1518b, a lateral web 1520a, and a medial web 1520b.

[0143] The medial ball set 1508 includes a first ball 1508a, a second ball 1508b, a third ball 1508c, a fourth ball 1508d, a fifth ball 1508e, and a sixth ball 1508f. The lateral ball set 1510 includes a first ball 1510a, a second ball 1510b, a third ball 1510c, a fourth ball 1510d, a fifth ball 1510e, and a sixth ball 1510f. The inner ball 1512 includes a first ball 1512a, a second ball 1512b, a third ball 1512c, a fourth ball 1512d, a fifth ball 1512e, a sixth ball 1512f, a seventh ball 1512g, an eighth ball 1512h, a ninth ball 1512i, and a tenth ball 1512j.

[0144] The posterior web 1516 can separate the first ball 1512a from the posterior ball 1514, the first ball 1510a, the first ball 1508a, the second ball 1510b, and the second ball 1508b. The lateral bridge 1518a interconnects the second ball 1510b with the second ball 1512b. The medial bridge 1518b interconnects the second ball 1508b with the second ball 1512b. The lateral web 1520a separates the second ball 1510b, the third ball 1510c, the fourth ball 1510d, the fifth ball 1510e, and the sixth ball 1510f from the second ball 1512b, the third ball 1512c, the fifth ball 1512e, the seventh ball 1512g, and the ninth ball 1512i. The medial web 1520b separates the second ball 1508b, the third ball 1508c, the fourth ball 1508d, the fifth ball 1508e, and the sixth ball 1508f from the second ball 1512b, the fourth ball 1512d, the sixth ball 1512f, the eighth ball 1512h, and the ninth ball 1512i.

[0145] Figure 16An alternative article of footwear 1600 is shown having an alternative sole structure 1601 that includes a toe cap 1602, a heel cap 1604, a cushioning element 1606, and an outsole 1608. The article of footwear 1600 is similar to the article of footwear 10. The article of footwear 1600 includes a midsole 1802 and an upper 300. The toe cap 1602 is disposed at the forward end 18 of the article of footwear 1600. The toe cap 1602 can extend around the entire forward end 18 from the medial side 22 to the lateral side 24. The toe cap 1602 can extend along the lateral and / or medial side of the article of footwear 1600 from about 10% to about 40% of the longitudinal length of the article of footwear 1600. The toe cap 1602 can extend along the lateral and / or medial side of the article of footwear 1600 from about 15% to about 35% of the longitudinal length of the article of footwear 1600. The toe cap 1602 can extend along the lateral and / or medial side of the article of footwear 1600 from about 20% to about 30% of the longitudinal length of the article of footwear 1600. The toe cap 1602 can extend along the lateral and / or medial side of the article of footwear 1600 from about 25% to about 27% of the longitudinal length of the article of footwear 1600.

[0146] In some embodiments, the toe cap 1602 is integrally formed with the cushioning element 1606. In other embodiments, the toe cap 1602 is integrally formed with the upper 300. In other embodiments, the toe cap 1602 can be attached or otherwise connected to either or both of the cushioning element 1606 and the upper 300. In examples, the toe cap 1602 is attached by adhesive, cement bonding, or any other suitable means to attach the toe cap 1602 to either or both of the cushioning element 1606 and the upper 300.

[0147] Figure 17 The cushioning element 1606 is depicted, which is substantially similar to the cushioning element 106, except as indicated. The cushioning element 1606 includes a strap 1702a and a strap 1702b. The strap 1702a is disposed on the medial side of the cushioning element 1606. The strap 1702b is disposed on the lateral side of the cushioning element 1606. The strap 1702a extends between the first and second ball clusters 126a and 126b. The strap 1702b extends between the first and second ball clusters 126a and 126b. As described in greater detail below, the straps 1702a and 1702b are portions of the films 216 and 218 of the cushioning element 1606 that are joined together.

[0148] The strap 1702a and the neck 136 enclose an opening 1704a. The strap 1702b and the neck 136 enclose an opening 1704b. The shape of both of the openings 1704a and 1704b is substantially similar to the plurality of openings 128a.

[0149] The cushioning element 1606 also includes a forward bulb 1706 and a central bulb 1708 rearward of the forward bulb 1706. The central bulb 1708 and the central bulb 134g completely enclose an opening 1710a. The opening 1710a is formed similarly to the third opening 128c. The opening 1710a has a first width. The forward bulb 1706 and the central bulb 1708 completely enclose an opening 1710b. The opening 1710b is formed similarly to the opening 1710a. The opening 1710b has a second width that is different than the first width. In an example, the first width is greater than the second width. In another example, the first width is less than the second width. In yet another example, the first width is equal to the second width.

[0150] The forward bulb 1706, the central bulb 1708, the opening 1710a, and the opening 1710b replace the mouth 129 and the exposed portions 127a, 127b, and 127c of the cushioning element 106.

[0151] The cushioning element 1606 is a fluid-filled cushioning element, such as an air bladder or bladder. The cushioning element 1606 can include a barrier material, similarly to the cushioning element 106. The cushioning element 1606 can be used in any of the articles of footwear 10, 1000, or 1400.

[0152] Figure 18 An alternative midsole 1802 is depicted. The midsole 1802 is similar to the midsole 102, except as indicated as follows. The midsole 1802 includes a first surface 1801. The midsole 1802 includes an additional extension 1804 having a pocket 1806. The midsole 1802 also includes one or more engagement features.

[0153] The one or more engagement features include a first engagement region 1808a, a second engagement region 1808b, and a third engagement region 1808c. The first engagement region 1808a is disposed entirely within a forward portion 1802a of the midsole 1802. The second engagement region 1808b is disposed entirely within the forward portion of the midsole 1802. The second engagement region 1808b can be positioned closer to a rear portion 1802c of the midsole than the first engagement region 1808a. The third engagement region 1808c is disposed between the forward portion and a midfoot portion 1802b of the midsole 1802.

[0154] The first engagement region 1808a includes a recess 1810. The recess 1810 surrounds a portion of the first surface 1801 that is disposed in the forward portion 1802a of the midsole 1802. The portion of the first surface 1801 is a platform face 1809. The platform face 1809 can be substantially ovoid in shape. The recess 1810 can be substantially circular in shape. The recess 1810 can be irregular in shape. The recess 1810 can have a corresponding shape to engage a corresponding portion of the cushioning element 1606.

[0155] The second engagement region 1808b is disposed within the fore portion 1802a of the midsole 1802. The second engagement region 1808b includes a recess 1812. The recess 1812 is substantially semicircular in shape. The second engagement region 1808b and the recess 1812 can include any shape suitable to engage a corresponding portion of the cushioning element 1806.

[0156] The third engagement region 1808c is disposed between the fore portion 1802a of the midsole 1802 and the midfoot portion 1802b of the midsole 1802. The third engagement region 1808c can be substantially similar to the lateral H. The third engagement region 1808c includes a recess 1814. The recess 1814 includes a plurality of branches around a portion of the first surface 1801. For example, the plurality of branches can be separated at the first side of the midsole 1802 by a first portion 1815a of the first surface 1801. The plurality of branches can be separated by a second portion 1815b of the first surface 1801.

[0157] The plurality of branches includes a first branch 1816a, a second branch 1816b, a third branch 1816c, and a fourth branch 1816d. The first branch 1816a and the second branch 1816b are disposed on a first side of the recess 1814. The third branch 1816c and the fourth branch 1816d are disposed on a second side of the recess 1814. The first branch 1816a, the second branch 1816b, the third branch 1816c, and the fourth branch 1816d are in fluid communication with one another and are connected at a connection region 1816e. The first branch 1816a and the second branch 1816b extend from the connection region 1816e toward the lateral portion of the midsole 1802 in the lateral-medial direction. The third branch 1816c and the fourth branch 1816d extend from the connection region 1816e toward the lateral portion of the midsole 1802 in the lateral-medial direction opposite the first branch 1816a and the second branch 1816b. The connection region 1816e extends in the posterior-anterior direction.

[0158] Figure 19 A perspective view of the outsole 1608 is illustrated. The outsole 1608 includes a forward end 1608a and a rearward end 1608b. The outsole 1802 includes a first surface 1802a disposed facing a ground surface (illustrated in Figure 21 FIG. 16) and a second surface 1802b disposed facing the upper 300. The outsole 1608 also includes a toe portion 1609. The toe portion 1609 is disposed at the forward end 1608a of the outsole 1608. The toe portion 1609 includes a connection portion 1610. The connection portion 1610 extends between the toe portion 1609 and the cushioning element 1606. The heel cap 1604 is disposed at the rearward end 1608b of the outsole 1608.

[0159] Heel cap 1604 is disposed at rear end 20 of article of footwear 1600. Heel cap 1604 may extend from medial side 22 to lateral side 24 around a portion of rear end 20. When integrally formed with cushioning element 1606, heel cap 1604 includes connecting portion 1612. Connecting portion 1612 extends between heel cap 1604 and cushioning element 1606. In some embodiments, heel cap 1604 is integrally formed with cushioning element 1606. In other embodiments, heel cap 1604 is integrally formed with upper 300. In other embodiments, heel cap 1604 may be attached or otherwise connected to either or both cushioning element 1606 and upper 300.

[0160] Second surface 1802b includes a plurality of raised portions 1614. Each respective raised portion 1614 includes a cavity 1616. Raised portions 1614 and their respective cavities 1616 have shapes corresponding to respective portions of cushioning element 1606. For example, the plurality of raised portions may be circular, rectangular, X-shaped, irregular, or any other shape suitable for engaging adjacent portions of cushioning element 1606.

[0161] like Figure 20 As shown, toe cap 1602 includes a first (exterior) surface 1602a and a second (interior) surface 1602b. Toe cap 1602 may include a material similar to that of upper 300. In some embodiments, toe cap 1602 includes a woven material. In other embodiments, toe cap 1602 includes a transparent material. In other embodiments, toe cap 1602 includes a translucent material. In other embodiments, toe cap 1602 includes an opaque material.

[0162] Figure 21 A bottom view of an alternative outsole 1608 of article of footwear 1600 is depicted. Outsole 1802 includes a plurality of lugs 2106. Lugs 2106 are disposed on first surface 1802a and positioned directly opposite the central portions of corresponding bulbs of cushioning element 1606. Lugs 2106 include faces 2108. Faces 2108 face the ground surface. Lugs 2106 extend past first surface 1802a such that, when article of footwear 1600 contacts the ground surface, lugs 2106 and faces 2108 contact the ground before other portions of outsole 1608 do. In other words, faces 2108 of lugs 2106 are disposed on a horizontally offset plane, and this plane is disposed closer to the ground surface than the plane of outsole 1608. In this manner, lugs 2106 are configured to compress corresponding portions of cushioning element 1606 and apply force to the corresponding portions of cushioning element 1606.

[0163] Figure 22A bottom view of an alternative outsole 2102 of an article of footwear 2100 is depicted. The outsole 2102 includes a plurality of lugs 2118, similar to the plurality of lugs 2106. Figure 21 The outsole 2102 also includes textured elements 2104 configured to engage a ground surface. The textured elements 2104 can include any shape, such as a star, diamond, rectangle, oval, or any desired shape to provide a desired form of traction and / or cushioning to the article of footwear 2100. The textured elements 2104 include grooves 2122. The grooves 2122 are centrally formed within the respective textured elements 2104. The plurality of lugs 2118 are disposed within each groove 2122 of the respective textured elements 2104. The plurality of lugs 2118 and the textured elements 2104 protrude away from the outsole 2102 toward the ground surface. In this manner, the lugs 2118 and the textured elements 2104 are configured to compress and apply force to respective portions of a cushioning element (e.g., the cushioning element 1606).

[0164] Figure 22A An enlarged perspective view of the outsole 2102 and the textured elements 2104 is depicted.

[0165] Figure 23 A side view of an alternative sole structure 2200 is depicted. The sole structure 2200 is substantially similar to the sole structure 1601, except that the midsole 2202 includes a flange 2204 and the midsole 2202 is attached to an exterior portion of the upper 300. In other words, the midsole 1802 is not removably disposed within the upper 300 and the midsole 2202 is permanently affixed to the exterior portion of the upper 300. The radially outermost surface of the midsole 1802 is exposed to the exterior environment. The flange 2204 covers portions of the cushioning element 1606. In other words, the flange 2204 extends over a portion of the cushioning element 1606 such that a void is formed between the flange 2204 and the cushioning element 1606. The flange 2204 extends continuously from the front end 18 to the rear end 20. The flange 2204 forms a wave pattern. The flange 2204 can form any pattern as desired to provide protection to portions of the cushioning element 1606.

[0166] Figure 24 A side view of an alternative article of footwear 2400 is depicted. The article of footwear 2400 includes a midsole 2402 that does not include any flange 2204. The midsole 2400 and the cushioning element 1606 are coupled continuously from the front end 18 to the rear end 20.

[0167] In some examples, the portions of the cushioning element 106 formed by the upper film 216 and the lower film 218 can be formed during a thermoforming process by respective mold portions. Each mold portion can define various surfaces for forming recessed and extruded surfaces that correspond to the locations of the peripheral seam 122 when the upper film 216 and the lower film 218 are joined and bonded together. In some examples, an adhesive bond can join the upper film 216 and the lower film 218 to form the peripheral seam 122. In other examples, the upper film 216 and the lower film 218 can be joined by a thermal bond to form the peripheral seam 122. In some examples, one or both of the films 216, 218 can be heated to a temperature that facilitates molding and fusing. In some examples, the films 216, 218 can be heated prior to being positioned between their respective molds. In other examples, the molds can be heated to increase the temperature of the films 216, 218. In some implementations, the molding process for forming the cushioning element 106 can incorporate a vacuum port within the mold portions to remove air such that the upper film 216 and the lower film 218 are drawn into contact with the respective mold portions. In other examples, a fluid, such as air, can be injected into the area between the upper film and the lower film such that the pressure is increased, causing the films to engage with the surfaces of their respective mold portions. The fluid can be injected into the cushioning element 106 until a desired pressure is reached.

[0168] As used herein, the term "barrier film" (e.g., a plurality of barrier films) encompasses both single-layer films and multi-layer films. In some examples, one or both of the barrier films 216, 218 is each produced (e.g., thermoformed or blow molded) from a single-layer film (a monolayer). In other examples, one or both of the barrier films 216, 218 is each produced (e.g., thermoformed or blow molded) from a multi-layer film (a multilayer).

[0169] Multilayer films 216, 218 may include a plurality of layers. The plurality of layers may include one or more barrier layers. The one or more barrier layers may include a barrier material. The barrier material may include or consist essentially of one or more gas barrier compounds. The multilayer film may include at least 5 layers or at least 10 layers. In other embodiments, the multilayer film may include from about 5 layers to about 400 layers. In one aspect of the multilayer film, the plurality of layers may include a series of alternating layers, wherein the alternating layers include two or more barrier layers. Each of the two or more barrier layers may individually include a barrier material that includes or consists essentially of one or more gas barrier compounds. Within the series of alternating layers, adjacent layers may be formed from materials that differ from one another in at least their chemical composition based on the presence of a single component (e.g., the materials of adjacent layers may differ based on the presence or absence of a gas barrier compound, or based on the type or type of gas barrier compound present), the concentration of a single component (e.g., the materials of adjacent layers may differ based on the concentration of a particular type of gas barrier compound present), or may differ based on both the presence of the component and its concentration.

[0170] The barrier film can be a multilayer film comprising a plurality of layers comprising one or more layers comprising one or more barrier materials, consisting essentially of one or more barrier materials, or consisting of one or more barrier materials comprising one or more gas barrier compounds, consisting essentially of one or more gas barrier compounds, or consisting of one or more gas barrier compounds. The one or more gas barrier compounds can comprise one or more gas barrier polymers, consisting essentially of one or more gas barrier polymers, or consisting of one or more gas barrier polymers. The multilayer film can comprise at least 5 layers or at least 10 layers in total. The multilayer film can comprise at least 5 barrier layers or at least 10 barrier layers in total. The multilayer film can comprise about 5 to about 200 layers, about 10 to about 100 layers, about 20 to about 80 layers, about 20 to about 50 layers, or about 40 to about 90 layers in total. The multilayer film can comprise about 5 to about 200 barrier layers, about 10 to about 100 barrier layers, about 20 to about 80 barrier layers, about 20 to about 50 barrier layers, or about 40 to about 90 barrier layers.

[0171] The plurality of layers of the multilayer film can comprise a series of alternating layers, wherein the alternating layers comprise two or more barrier layers, each of the two or more barrier layers individually comprising a barrier material comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of one or more gas barrier compounds. Optionally, the one or more gas barrier compounds can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more gas barrier polymers, one or more non-polymeric gas barrier compounds, or a mixture of one or more gas barrier polymers and one or more non-polymeric gas barrier compounds. In the series of alternating layers, adjacent layers are individually formed of materials that differ from one another in at least the chemical composition of individual components present in the materials forming the adjacent layers. For example, the materials of adjacent layers can differ based on whether a gas barrier compound is present, or can differ based on the class or type of gas barrier compound present (e.g., can differ based on whether a gas barrier polymer is present, or whether a non-polymeric gas barrier compound is present), or can differ based on the concentration of individual compounds present (e.g., can differ based on the concentration of gas barrier compounds present), or any combination thereof. In one example, the series of alternating layers of the multilayer barrier film can comprise a barrier layer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a polymeric barrier compound, and a layer that is substantially free of polymeric barrier compounds. In another example, the series of alternating layers of the multilayer barrier film can comprise a barrier layer consisting essentially of a polymeric barrier compound, and a layer of polymeric material comprising a mixture of one or more non-barrier polymers and less than about 20 wt% of the polymeric barrier compound, based on the total weight of the polymeric material. The multilayer film can have a gas permeation rate as described herein.

[0172] The plurality of layers of the multilayer film can include a first barrier layer including a first barrier material and a second barrier layer including a second barrier material, where the first barrier material and the second barrier material include a first gas barrier compound and a second gas barrier compound that differ from one another based on their chemical structure or based on their concentration in the barrier material or both. The first barrier material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a first gas barrier component, the first gas barrier component consisting of all gas barrier compounds present in the first barrier material. Similarly, the second barrier material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a second gas barrier component, the second gas barrier material component consisting of all gas barrier compounds present in the second barrier material. In a first example, the first barrier component can consist of one or more gas barrier polymers, and the second barrier component can consist of one or more inorganic gas barrier compounds. In a second example, the first barrier component can consist of a first gas barrier polymer, and the second component can consist of a second gas barrier polymer, where the first gas barrier polymer differs from the second gas barrier polymer based on its chemical structure (e.g., based on the chemical structure of the monomers or oligomers used to make the polymer), or based on the molecular weight of the polymer, or both. In a third example, the first barrier component and the second barrier component can both include one or more of the same gas barrier compounds, but the concentration of the gas barrier compounds in the first barrier material and the second barrier material can differ, optionally by at least 5 wt.%, by weight of the barrier material. In the multilayer film, the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer can alternate with one another, or can alternate with additional barrier layers (e.g., a third barrier layer including a third barrier material, a fourth barrier layer including a fourth barrier material, etc., where each of the first, second, third, and fourth barrier materials, etc., differ from one another as described above). The multilayer film can have a gas permeation rate as described herein.

[0173] In addition to one or more barrier layers (e.g., one or more first barrier layers, one or more second barrier layers, etc.), the multilayer film can include one or more second layers that include a second material. The one or more second layers can include or consist of a non-barrier layer, i.e., a layer that does not include a barrier material and can have a relatively high gas permeability. The second layer that includes a non-barrier layer can include a polymeric material, such as a thermoplastic material, an elastomeric material, or a thermoplastic elastomeric material. The second material of the second layer can include one or more polymers. In one such configuration of the multilayer film, the one or more barrier layers include or consist of a plurality of barrier layers alternating with a plurality of second layers. Each of the one or more barrier layers can be positioned between two second layers (e.g., one second layer on a first side of the barrier layer and another second layer on a second side of the barrier layer, the second side being opposite the first side). Optionally, the concentration can differ by at least 5 wt.%, by weight of the barrier material. In these multilayer films, the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer can alternate with each other or can alternate with additional barrier layers (e.g., a third barrier layer that includes a third barrier material, a fourth barrier layer that includes a fourth barrier material, etc., where each of the first, second, third, and fourth barrier materials are different from each other as described above).

[0174] In any example, each layer can have a film thickness ranging from about 0.2 micrometers to about 1 millimeter. In a further example, the film thickness of each layer can range from about 0.5 micrometers to about 500 micrometers. In yet another example, the film thickness of each layer can range from about 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers.

[0175] The lower barrier film 218 can have a greater thickness than the upper barrier film 216. It is contemplated that the upper barrier film can have a greater thickness than the lower barrier film. It is also contemplated that the lower barrier film can have a thickness equal to the upper barrier film.

[0176] One or both of the barrier films can independently be transparent, translucent, and / or opaque. For example, the upper barrier film can be transparent, while the lower barrier film is opaque. It is contemplated that the upper barrier film can be transparent or translucent, while the lower barrier film is opaque, or the upper barrier film can be opaque, while the lower barrier film is transparent or translucent, etc. As used herein, the term “transparent” as used with respect to a barrier film and / or a fluid-filled chamber means that light passes through the barrier film in a straight line substantially, and an observer can see through the barrier film. In contrast, for an opaque barrier film, light cannot pass through the barrier film, and one cannot see clearly through the barrier film at all. A translucent barrier film is intermediate between a transparent barrier film and an opaque barrier film, as light passes through the translucent film, but some of the light is scattered so that an observer cannot see clearly through the film.

[0177] The cushioning elements 106 can be produced from a barrier film using any suitable technique, such as thermoforming (e.g., vacuum thermoforming), blow molding, extrusion, injection molding, vacuum molding, rotational molding, transfer molding, compression molding, heat sealing, casting, low pressure casting, spin casting, reaction injection molding, radio frequency (RF) welding, etc. In an example, the barrier film can be produced by co-extrusion followed by vacuum thermoforming to produce one or more inflatable cushioning elements of the cushioning element, which can optionally include one or more valves (e.g., one-way valves) that allow the cushioning element to be filled with a fluid (e.g., a gas) and formed into a fluid-filled barrier.

[0178] The barrier film can each be produced from an elastomeric material that includes one or more thermoplastic polymers and / or one or more cross-linkable polymers. In an example, the elastomeric material can include one or more thermoplastic elastomeric materials, such as one or more thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) copolymers, one or more ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers, etc.

[0179] As used herein, “polyurethane” refers to a copolymer (including an oligomer) that contains urethane groups (— N(C=0)0—). In addition to the urethane groups, these polyurethanes can contain additional groups, such as ester, ether, urea, allophanate, biuret, carbodiimide, oxazolidine, isocyanurate, uretdione, carbonate, etc. In one aspect, one or more of the polyurethanes can be produced by polymerizing one or more isocyanates with one or more polyols to produce a copolymer chain having (— N(C=0)0—) linkages.

[0180] Examples of suitable isocyanates for producing the polyurethane copolymer chain include diisocyanates, such as aromatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable aromatic diisocyanates include toluene diisocyanate (TDI), an adduct of TDI with trimethylolpropane (TMP), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), xylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), hydrogenated xylene diisocyanate (HXDI), naphthalene 1,5-diisocyanate (NDI), 1,5-tetrahydronaphthalene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), 3,3'-dimethyldiphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate (DDDI), 4,4'-dibenzyl diisocyanate (DBDI), 4-chloro-l,3-phenylene diisocyanate, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the copolymer chain is substantially free of aromatic groups.

[0181] In particular examples, the polyurethane polymer chains are produced from diisocyanates including HMDI, TDI, MDI, H12 aliphatic compounds, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, the thermoplastic TPU can include a polyester-based TPU, a polyether-based TPU, a polycaprolactone-based TPU, a polycarbonate-based TPU, a polysiloxane-based TPU, or combinations thereof.

[0182] In another example, the polymeric layer can be formed from one or more of the following: EVOH copolymers, poly(vinyl chloride), polyvinylidene polymers and copolymers (e.g., polyvinylidene chloride), polyamides (e.g., amorphous polyamide), amide-based copolymers, acrylonitrile polymers (e.g., acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymer), polyethylene terephthalate, polyetherimide, polyacrylic imide, and other polymeric materials known to have a relatively low gas permeation rate. Blends of these materials, as well as blends with the TPU copolymers described herein (and optionally including combinations of polyimide and crystalline polymers) are also suitable.

[0183] The barrier films can be multilayer films including two or more layers. The barrier films can each independently include alternating layers of one or more TPU copolymer materials and one or more EVOH copolymer materials, where the total number of layers in each of the barrier films includes at least four (4) layers, at least ten (10) layers, at least twenty (20) layers, at least forty (40) layers, and / or at least sixty (60) layers.

[0184] The cushioning elements described herein are resilient structures configured to retain fluids, particularly gases. Generally, the fluids need to be retained over the expected life of the cushioning element, including when the cushioning element is exposed to repeated cycles of applied and released forces or pressures, as would be encountered when the cushioning element is used in an article of footwear. As many polymeric materials traditionally used to manufacture consumer goods are relatively impermeable to water and aqueous solutions, but permeable to small gas molecules such as air, oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2), and inert gases, a barrier material, i.e., a material having a relatively low fluid permeation rate and thus providing a relatively high level of liquid and gas retention to the cushioning element, can be used alone or in combination with traditional polymeric materials. Thus, the cushioning elements described herein, including the various structures forming the cushioning elements, can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a barrier material. The inclusion of a barrier material in the cushioning element can allow the cushioning element to retain fluids, such as small gas molecules, over the life of the cushioning element. The inclusion of a barrier material in the cushioning element can allow the cushioning element to remain adequately pressurized over its life. The cushioning element can maintain a minimum pressure of about 2 PSI (14 kPA) to about 40 PSI (276 kPA) for a minimum duration of about 5 years to about 30 years.

[0185] As used herein, a barrier material refers to a material that includes, consists essentially of, or consists of one or more gas barrier compounds. A gas barrier compound can be a polymeric gas barrier compound (i.e., a gas barrier polymer), or can be a non-polymeric gas barrier compound, such as an inorganic gas barrier compound. A barrier material can be a polymeric barrier material that includes, consists essentially of, or consists of one or more gas barrier polymers. A barrier material can be a polymeric barrier material that includes, consists essentially of, or consists of a mixture of one or more non-gas barrier polymers and one or more gas barrier polymers, or a barrier material that includes, consists essentially of, or consists of a mixture of one or more non-gas barrier polymers and one or more non-polymeric gas barrier compounds. A barrier material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a non-polymeric barrier material, i.e., a material that includes, consists essentially of, or consists of a non-polymeric gas barrier compound. A barrier material can be present in a structure that includes a region of polymeric material and a region of non-polymeric barrier material, such as a polymeric film coated with one or more layers of non-polymeric barrier material. The gas permeability of a portion of a cushioning element that includes a barrier material can be less than 4 or less than 3 or less than 2 cubic centimeters per square meter per atmosphere per day per day. The portion of a cushioning element that includes a barrier material can be a portion of the cushioning element, the entire cushioning element, a portion of a web region, the entire web region, or any combination thereof. A cushioning element can include a barrier film that includes a barrier material. The portion of a cushioning element that includes a barrier film can be a portion of the cushioning element, the entire cushioning element, a portion of a web region, the entire web region, or any combination thereof. The gas permeability of a barrier film can be less than 4 or less than 3 or less than 2 cubic centimeters per square meter per atmosphere per day per day for a barrier film having a thickness of from about 72 micrometers to about 320 micrometers, when measured at 23 degrees Celsius and 0% relative humidity. The gas permeability of a barrier film can be from about 0.1 to about 3, or from about 0.5 to about 3, or from about 0.5 to about 3 cubic centimeters per square meter per atmosphere per day per day for a film having a thickness of from about 72 micrometers to about 320 micrometers, when measured at 23 degrees Celsius and 0% relative humidity. The gas permeability, such as oxygen or nitrogen permeability, can be measured using ASTM D1434.

[0186] The barrier material can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more non-polymeric gas barrier compounds, including one or more inorganic gas barrier compounds. The one or more inorganic gas barrier compounds can be selected from the group consisting of carbon, silica, silicates, clays, metals, combinations thereof. The metals can include metal oxides or metal alloys. The one or more inorganic gas barrier compounds can be in the form of fibers, particles, platelets, or combinations thereof. The fibers, particles, or platelets can be nanoscale structures, including nanoscale fibers, nanoscale particles, nanoscale platelets, and combinations thereof. Examples of inorganic barrier compounds include carbon fibers, glass fibers, glass flakes, silica particles, silica platelets, silica flakes, silicate particles, silicate platelets, silicate flakes, calcium carbonate particles, clay particles, clay platelets, mica platelets, talc particles, carbon black particles, graphite particles, graphite platelets, graphite flakes, metal particles, metal platelets, metal flakes, and the like. The barrier material can include an inorganic gas barrier component consisting of all inorganic gas barrier compounds present in the barrier material. The inorganic gas barrier component can consist of one or more clays. Suitable clays include bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the barrier material can include one or more additional ingredients, such as polymers, processing aids, colorants, or any combination thereof, in addition to the one or more non-polymeric gas barrier compounds. When one or more inorganic gas barrier compounds are included in the barrier material, the total concentration of the inorganic gas barrier component present in the barrier material can be less than 60 wt%, or less than 40 wt%, or less than 20 wt% of the barrier material.

[0187] The one or more gas barrier compounds of the barrier material can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more gas barrier polymers. The barrier material can be a thermoplastic material, meaning that the polymeric component of the barrier material consists of one or more thermoplastic polymers, optionally including thermoplastic polymers that are not gas barrier polymers. The barrier material can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoplastic gas barrier polymers. The barrier material includes a gas barrier polymer component consisting of all gas barrier polymers present in the barrier material. The gas barrier polymer component of the barrier material can consist of one or more gas barrier polymers of a single class of polymer, such as, for example, one or more polyolefins. The gas barrier polymer component can consist of gas barrier polymers having similar or identical chemical structure, such as one or more ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers. Optionally, the barrier material can also include one or more non-polymeric additives, such as one or more fillers, processing aids, colorants, or any combination thereof; or one or more non-polymeric barrier compounds, such as one or more inorganic barrier compounds. Many gas barrier polymers are known in the art. Examples of gas barrier polymers include vinyl polymers such as vinylidene chloride polymers, acrylic polymers such as acrylonitrile polymers, polyamides, epoxy polymers, amine polymers, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, copolymers thereof such as ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, and mixtures thereof. When the barrier material comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of one or more gas barrier polymers, the one or more gas barrier polymers can be selected from the group consisting of vinyl polymers, acrylic polymers, amide polymers, imide polymers, epoxy polymers, olefin polymers, any homopolymer thereof, any copolymer thereof, and any mixture thereof. The one or more gas barrier polymers can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoplastic gas barrier polymers. Examples of thermoplastic gas barrier polymers include thermoplastic vinyl homopolymers and copolymers, thermoplastic acrylic homopolymers and copolymers, thermoplastic amine homopolymers and copolymers, thermoplastic polyolefin homopolymers and copolymers, and mixtures thereof. The one or more gas barrier polymers can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoplastic polyethylene copolymers. The one or more gas barrier polymers can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers.The thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer can be an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer having an ethylene content of from about 28 mole percent to about 44 mole percent, or from about 32 mole percent to about 44 mole percent. The one or more gas barrier polymers can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polyethyleneimines, polyacrylic acids, polyethylene oxides, polyacrylamides, polyamidoamines, or any combination thereof.

[0188] The barrier material (including the first barrier material, the second barrier material, etc.) can have a low gas permeability. For example, when forming a monolayer film consisting essentially of the barrier material, for a film having a thickness of from about 72 micrometers to about 320 micrometers, the monolayer film can have a low gas permeability of less than 4 cubic centimeters per square meter per atmosphere per day per day when measured at 23 degrees Celsius and 0% relative humidity, and can be measured using ASTM D1434. The barrier material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more gas barrier compounds. The one or more gas barrier compounds can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more gas barrier polymers, or can include one or more non-polymeric gas barrier compounds including one or more inorganic gas barrier compounds. The barrier material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a combination of at least one gas barrier polymer and at least one inorganic gas barrier compound. The combination of at least one gas barrier polymer and at least one inorganic gas barrier compound can include a blend or mixture, or can include a composite in which fibers, particles, or platelets of the inorganic gas barrier compound are surrounded by the gas barrier polymer.

[0189] The cushioning elements disclosed herein can include or consist of a barrier film including one or more barrier materials. The barrier film can be a thermoformed, welded, or molded barrier film. The barrier film can be thermoformed, welded, or molded into the shape of a portion of the cushioning element or the entire cushioning element, or into the shape of a portion of the web or the entire web, or into the shape of a portion of the cushioning element or the entire cushioning element and into the shape of a portion of the web or the entire web. The barrier film includes a barrier material as described herein. The barrier material of the barrier film can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a polymeric gas barrier compound (i.e., a gas barrier polymer), or the barrier material of the barrier film can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a non-polymeric gas barrier compound, or the barrier material of the barrier film can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a mixture of a polymeric gas barrier compound and a non-polymeric gas barrier compound. The barrier film can have a gas permeation rate as described above. The barrier film elastically retains a fluid when used alone or in combination with other materials in the cushioning element. Depending on the structure and use of the cushioning element, the barrier film can retain the fluid at a pressure higher than, at, or lower than atmospheric pressure. The fluid can be a liquid or a gas, such as air, oxygen, or nitrogen. The barrier film can include a polymeric barrier material that is a nitrogen barrier material having a nitrogen permeation rate as described above.

[0190] Depending on the gas barrier compound used and the intended use of the multilayer film, the second material can have a higher gas permeability than the barrier material, which means that the second material is a gas barrier worse than the barrier material. One or more second layers can serve as a substrate for one or more barrier layers and can be used to increase the strength, elasticity and / or durability of the multilayer film. The one or more second layers can be used to reduce the amount of gas barrier material required, thereby reducing the overall material cost. Even when the second material has a relatively high gas permeability, the presence of one or more second layers, particularly when the one or more second layers are located between one or more barrier layers, can help maintain the overall barrier performance of the film by increasing the distance between the cracks in the barrier layer, thereby increasing the distance that gas molecules must travel between the cracks in the barrier layer to pass through the multilayer film. Although small cracks or cracks in the barrier layer of a multilayer film may not significantly affect the overall barrier performance of the film, using a larger amount of thinner barrier layers can avoid or reduce visible cracking, crazing or fogging of the multilayer film. The one or more second layers may include, but are not limited to, a tie layer positioned between two different layers of the multilayer film and promoting adhesion between the different layers of the multilayer film, a structural layer that provides mechanical support to the multilayer film, a tie layer comprising an adhesive material such as a hot melt adhesive material on the outer surface of the multilayer film, a cover layer that provides protection to the outer surface of the multilayer film, and any combination thereof.

[0191] The second material can be an elastomeric material comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of one or more elastomers. The one or more elastomers can be composed of one or more thermoplastic elastomers. Many gas barrier compounds, including gas barrier polymers, are brittle and / or relatively rigid, and therefore, one or more barrier layers can be susceptible to cracking when subjected to repeated, excessive stress loads, such as those that may be generated during exposure of a multilayer film to repeated flexing and release cycles. A multilayer film comprising one or more barrier layers alternating with a second layer, wherein the second layer is composed of one or more elastomeric materials, can produce a multilayer film that is better able to withstand repeated flexing and release cycles while maintaining its gas barrier properties, compared to a film comprising the same material but without the elastomeric second layer.

[0192] The second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polymers. As used herein, the one or more polymers present in the second material are referred to as "one or more second polymers" because these polymers are present in the second material. Reference to "a second polymer" is not intended to indicate that "a first polymer" must be present in the second material, or as a whole in the multilayer film, although multiple polymers can be present. The second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoplastic polymers. The second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more elastomeric polymers. The second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoplastic elastomers. The second material can include a polymer component consisting of all polymers present in the second material. The polymer component of the second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more elastomers, such as one or more thermoplastic elastomers. Alternatively, the polymer component can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoset elastomers or thermoset elastomers that react to become thermoset in the finished cushioning element. Examples of thermosets and thermoset elastomers include natural and synthetic rubbers, such as butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, silicone rubber, and the like. Optionally, the second material can also include one or more non-polymer additives, such as fillers, processing aids, and / or colorants. Many polymers suitable for use in the second material are known in the art. Exemplary polymers (e.g., second polymers) that can be included in the second material include polymers selected from polyolefins, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyethers, polyacrylates, polystyrenes, polyethylenes, polyureas, polyurethanes, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, any copolymer thereof, and any mixture thereof. The one or more second polymers of the second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a polymer selected from polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, polystyrenes, and polyurethanes.

[0193] The second material can include one or more polyolefins. The polymeric component of the second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polyolefins, including thermoplastic polyolefins, such as thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers. Polyolefins are a class of polymers that include monomeric units derived from simple olefins, such as ethylene, propylene, and butylene. The one or more polyolefins can be polyolefin homopolymers, polyolefin copolymers, or any mixture thereof. Examples of polyolefins include ethylene homopolymers, propylene homopolymers, propylene copolymers, including polyethylene-polypropylene copolymers, polybutylene, ethylene-octene copolymers, olefin block copolymers, propylene-butane copolymers, and combinations thereof, including blends of ethylene homopolymers and propylene homopolymers. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) is an example of an ethylene copolymer. Examples of polyolefin elastomers include polyisobutylene elastomers, poly(alpha-olefin) elastomers, ethylene propylene elastomers, ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomers, and combinations thereof.

[0194] The second material can include one or more polyamides. The polymeric component of the second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polyamides, including thermoplastic polyamides, such as thermoplastic polyamide elastomers. Polyamides are a class of polymers that include monomeric units connected by amide linkages. Naturally occurring polyamides include proteins, such as wool and silk, while synthetic amides include polymers such as nylons and aramids. The one or more second polymers can include thermoplastic polyamides, such as nylon 6, nylon 6-6, and / or nylon-11, as well as thermoplastic amide copolymers and thermoplastic amide copolymer elastomers, such as polyether block amide (PEBA) copolymers.

[0195] The second material can include one or more polyesters. The polymeric component of the second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polyesters, including thermoplastic polyesters, such as thermoplastic polyester elastomers. Polyesters are a class of polymers that include monomeric units derived from ester functional groups, and are typically prepared by condensing a dibasic acid, such as, for example, terephthalic acid, with one or more polyols. The one or more polyesters can include polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), poly-1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate, as well as copolymers, such as polyester-ether copolymers and polyester-polyurethane copolymers.

[0196] The second material may include one or more polystyrenes. The polymer component of the second material may include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polystyrenes, including thermoplastic polystyrenes, such as thermoplastic polystyrene elastomers. Polystyrenes are a class of polymers that include monomeric units derived from styrene. The one or more polymers may include polystyrene homopolymers, styrene random copolymers, styrene block copolymers, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) block copolymers, styrene acrylonitrile block copolymers, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymers, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymers, styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEPS) block copolymers, or mixtures thereof.

[0197] The second material can include one or more polyurethanes. The polymeric component of the second material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polyurethanes, including thermoplastic polyurethanes (often referred to as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), such as thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers. Polyurethanes are a class of polymers that include monomeric units linked by urethane linkages. Polyurethanes are typically formed by reacting a polyisocyanate (e.g., a diisocyanate or triisocyanate) with a polyol (e.g., a diol or triol), optionally in the presence of a chain extender. The monomeric units derived from the polyisocyanate are often referred to as hard segments of the polyurethane, while the monomeric units derived from the polyol are often referred to as soft segments of the polyurethane. The hard segments can be derived from aliphatic polyisocyanates, or organic isocyanates, or a mixture of both. The soft segments can be derived from saturated polyols, or unsaturated polyols (such as polydiene polyols), or a mixture of both. The presence of soft segments derived from one or more polydiene polyols can facilitate bonding between the rubber and the second material when the rubber and the second material are crosslinked in contact with one another, such as in a vulcanization process, when the second material is bonded to a natural or synthetic rubber. Examples of suitable polyisocyanates from which the hard segments of the polyurethane can be derived include hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), 2,2,4-trimethylhexane diisocyanate (TMDI), cyclohexanedimethyl diisocyanate, bisisochanatomethyltricyclodecane, norbornane diisocyanate (NDI), cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI), 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), decane diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), TDI adduct with trimethylolpropane, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), xylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), hydrogenated xylene diisocyanate (HXDI), naphthalene 1,5-diisocyanate (NDI), 1,5-tetrahydronaphthalene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), 3,3'-dimethyldiphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate (DDDI), 4,4'-dibenzyl diisocyanate (DBDI), 4-chloro-1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, and any combination thereof. In one aspect, the polyurethane includes, or consists essentially of, hard segments derived from toluene diisocyanate (TDI) or methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), or both. The soft segments of the polyurethane can be derived from a variety of polyols, including polyester polyols, polyether polyols, polyester-ether polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polycaprolactone polyethers, and combinations thereof.The polyurethane can include, consist essentially of, or consist of monomer units derived from a C4-C12 polyol, or a C6-C10 polyol, or a C8 or lower polyol, meaning a polyol having 4 to 12 carbon molecules, or having 6 to 10 carbon molecules, or having 8 or fewer carbon molecules in its chemical structure. The polyurethane can include, consist essentially of, or consist of monomer units derived from a polyester polyol, a polyester-ether polyol, a polyether polyol, or any combination thereof. In yet another aspect, the polyurethane includes, or consists essentially of, soft segments derived from a polyol or diol having polyester functional units. The soft segments derived from a polyol or diol having polyester functional units can comprise about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%, or about 20 wt% to about 40 wt%, or about 30 wt% of the soft segments present in the polyurethane. The one or more polymers can include a urethane copolymer. Examples of urethane copolymers include polyester-polyurethane copolymers, including polyester-polyurethane elastomers.

[0198] The multilayer film can be produced by various means, such as co-extrusion, lamination, layer-by-layer deposition, and the like. When one or more barrier layers are co-extruded separately or with one or more second layers, selecting materials having similar processing characteristics, such as melt temperature and melt flow index (e.g., the first barrier material and the second barrier material, or the single barrier material and the second material) can reduce interlayer shear during the extrusion process, and can allow the alternating barrier layers and second layers to be co-extruded while maintaining their structural integrity and desired layer thicknesses. In one example, when one or more barrier materials and optional second materials are used, they can be extruded into separate individual films, which can then be laminated together to form the multilayer film.

[0199] The multilayer film can be produced using a layer-by-layer deposition process. A substrate, which can optionally include a second material or a barrier material, can be built into a multilayer film by depositing multiple layers onto the substrate. The layers can include one or more barrier layers (e.g., a first barrier layer, a second barrier layer, etc.). Optionally, the layers can include one or more second layers. The one or more barrier layers and / or second layers can be deposited by any means known in the art, such as, for example, dipping, spraying, coating, or other methods. The one or more barrier layers can be applied using a charged solution or suspension (e.g., a cationic solution or suspension or an anionic solution or suspension, including a charged polymer solution or suspension). The one or more barrier layers can be applied using a series of two or more solutions having opposite charges, for example, by applying a cationic solution, followed by an anionic solution, followed by a cationic solution, followed by an anionic solution, and so on.

[0200] Barrier films including multilayer films can have a total thickness from about 40 microns to about 500 microns, or from about 50 microns to about 400 microns, or from about 60 microns to about 350 microns. Each individual layer of the plurality of layers of the multilayer film can have a thickness from about 0.001 microns to about 10 microns. The thickness of the individual barrier layer can range from about 0.001 microns to about 3 microns thick, or from about 0.5 microns to about 2 microns thick, or from about 0.5 microns to about 1 micron thick. The thickness of the individual second layer can range from about 2 microns to about 8 microns thick, or from about 2 microns to about 4 microns thick. The thickness of the films and / or their individual layers can be measured by any method known in the art, such as, for example, ASTM E252, ASTM D6988, ASTM D8136, or using an optical microscope or electron microscope.

[0201] The barrier material, including the multilayer film including the barrier material, can have a Shore hardness from about 35A to about 95A, optionally from about 55A to about 90A. In these aspects, the hardness can be measured using ASTM D 2240 using the Shore A scale.

[0202] When the barrier film is formed from a plurality of alternating barrier layers and second layers using a co-extrusion process, the barrier material can have a melt flow index from about 5 to about 7 grams per 10 minutes at 190 degrees Celsius when using a weight of 2.16 kilograms, while the second material can have a melt flow index from about 20 to about 30 grams per 10 minutes at 190 degrees Celsius when using a weight of 2.16 kilograms. The melt flow index of the barrier material can be about 80% to about 120% of the melt flow index per 10 minutes of the second material when measured at 190 degrees Celsius when using a weight of 2.16 kilograms. The melt flow index can be measured using ASTM D1238. The barrier material or the second material, or both, can have a melting temperature from about 165 degrees Celsius to about 183 degrees Celsius, or from about 155 degrees Celsius to about 165 degrees Celsius. The barrier material can have a melting temperature from about 165 degrees Celsius to about 183 degrees Celsius, while the second material can have a melting temperature from about 155 degrees Celsius to about 165 degrees Celsius. The melting temperature can be measured using ASTM D3418.

[0203] In alternative embodiments, the cushioning element, rather than a fluid-filled bladder, may comprise a material such as a foam or unfoamed solid to impart cushioning, responsiveness, and energy distribution properties to the wearer's foot. The cushioning element may comprise foam. The foam may comprise one material. Example materials for alternative cushioning elements may include those based on foamed or molded materials (e.g., elastomeric materials), including one or more polymers, such as one or more elastomers (e.g., thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs)). The one or more polymers may comprise aliphatic polymers, aromatic polymers, or a mixture of both; and may comprise homopolymers, copolymers (including terpolymers), or a mixture of both.

[0204] In addition to one or more barrier materials, the sole structures described herein may include one or more additional polymeric materials. Polymeric materials should be understood to include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polymers. In addition to the cushioning element, the sole structure may include additional elements such as support elements, and the support elements may be made of one or more additional materials. Furthermore, in addition to the barrier material, the cushioning element may be made of one or more additional materials (such as the second material described above).

[0205] The additional material can be an elastomeric material that includes, consists essentially of, or consists of one or more elastomers. The one or more elastomers can consist of one or more thermoplastic elastomers. The additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoplastic polymers. The additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more elastomeric polymers. The additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoplastic elastomers. The additional material can include a polymer component consisting of all polymers present in the additional material. The polymer component of the additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more elastomers, such as one or more thermoplastic elastomers. Alternatively, the polymer component can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more thermoset elastomers or thermoset elastomers that react to become thermoset in the finished sole structure. Examples of thermosets and thermoset elastomers include natural and synthetic rubbers, such as butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, silicone rubber, and the like. Optionally, the additional material can also include one or more non-polymer additives, such as fillers, processing aids, and / or colorants. The additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyethers, polyacrylates, polystyrenes, polyethylenes, polyureas, polyurethanes, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, any copolymer thereof, and any mixture thereof. The one or more polymers of the additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, polystyrenes, and polyurethanes. The additional material can include one or more polyolefins. The polymer component of the additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polyolefins, including thermoplastic polyolefins, such as thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers. The polyolefins can be olefin homopolymers or copolymers as described above with respect to the second material. The one or more polyolefins can include, consist essentially of, or consist of an EVA copolymer, including a crosslinked EVA copolymer. The additional material can include one or more polyamides. The polymer component of the additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polyamides, including thermoplastic polyamides, such as thermoplastic polyamide elastomers. The polyamides can be amide homopolymers or copolymers as described above with respect to the second material. The one or more polyamides can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a PEBA copolymer.The additional material can include one or more polyesters. The polymeric component of the additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polyesters, including thermoplastic polyesters, such as thermoplastic polyester elastomers. The polyesters can be polyester homopolymers or copolymers as described above with respect to the second material. The additional material can include one or more polystyrenes. The polymeric component of the additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polystyrenes, including thermoplastic polystyrenes, such as thermoplastic polystyrene elastomers. The one or more polystyrenes can be polystyrene homopolymers or copolymers as described above with respect to the second polymer. The one or more polystyrenes can include, consist essentially of, or consist of SEBS copolymers. The additional material can include one or more polyurethanes. The polymeric component of the additional material can include, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more polyurethanes, including TPU, such as TPU elastomers. An example of a polyurethane copolymer is a polyester-polyurethane copolymer, including a polyester-polyurethane elastomer. The one or more polyurethanes can be polyurethanes as described above with respect to the second polymer.

[0206] Optionally, when the elastic material is a foam, the foam can be a compression molded foam. Compression molding can be used to change the physical properties of the foam (e.g., density, stiffness, and / or hardness), or to change the physical appearance of the foam (e.g., fusing two or more pieces of foam together, shaping the foam, etc.), or both. Examples of foamed polymeric materials commonly used in footwear include foamed polymeric materials that include polyurethane (PU) or foamed polymeric materials that include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Solid polymeric carrier materials are also contemplated. Examples of solid polymeric materials commonly used in footwear include solid elastomeric materials, including solid elastomeric materials that include polyurethane elastomers or that include polyamide elastomers.

[0207] Compression molding processes desirably begin by forming one or more foam preforms, such as by injection molding and foaming a material (e.g., an elastomeric material), by forming foamed granules or beads, by cutting foamed slabs, and the like. A compression molded foam can then be made by placing one or more foam preforms in a compression mold, and applying sufficient pressure to the one or more preforms to compress the one or more foam preforms in the closed mold. Once the mold is closed, sufficient heat and / or pressure is applied to the one or more foam preforms in the closed mold for a sufficient duration to alter the foam preforms to form a skin on the outer surface of the compression molded foam, or to fuse individual foam particles to one another, permanently or semi-permanently increasing the density of the foam, or any combination thereof. After heating and / or applying pressure, the mold is opened and the molded foam article is removed from the mold.

[0208] In another example, the elastomeric material is an unfoamed solid. The material can be shaped using a molding process including an injection molding process. In one example, when the material is an elastomeric material, the elastomeric material (e.g., uncured rubber) can be mixed in a Banbury internal mixer, calendared, shaped, placed in a mold, and cured (e.g., using a UV curing process or a thermal curing process, such as a vulcanization process) with optional fillers and a curing package, such as, for example, a UV curing package or a thermal curing package including a sulfur-based or peroxide-based curing package.

[0209] The following clauses provide exemplary configurations for the above-described articles of footwear and sole structures.

[0210] Clause 1. An article of footwear, comprising: a forward end and a rearward end opposite the forward end; an upper, the upper including an interior void defined in part by a ground-facing surface, wherein the ground-facing surface includes a plurality of supports; a sole, the sole including a first surface facing the interior void and a second surface facing a ground, the sole disposed within the interior void of the upper, wherein the sole includes one or more extensions extending from the second surface, wherein each of the one or more extensions is received by a respective one of the plurality of supports; and a cushioning element extending from the rearward end toward the forward end, the cushioning element including a first surface facing the upper and a second surface facing a ground, wherein the one or more supports and the one or more extensions engage the first surface of the cushioning element.

[0211] Clause 2. The article of footwear of Clause 1, wherein the cushioning element includes a fluid-filled bladder.

[0212] Clause 3. The article of footwear of Clause 1, wherein the upper includes a knitted material.

[0213] Clause 4. The article of footwear according to clause 1, wherein the upper is directly attached to the cushioning element.

[0214] Clause 5. The article of footwear according to clause 1, wherein the sole is removably disposed within the upper.

[0215] Clause 6. The article of footwear according to clause 5, wherein the sole includes one or more recesses disposed on a ground-facing surface of a respective one or more of the extensions.

[0216] Clause 7. The article of footwear according to clause 6, wherein the one or more extensions and the cushioning element transmit forces between one another through the upper.

[0217] Clause 8. The article of footwear according to clause 1, an outsole layer coupled to the second surface of the cushioning element, the outsole layer forming a ground- engaging surface of the article of footwear.

[0218] Clause 9. The article of footwear according to clause 1, wherein the article of footwear further comprises: a heel region, a forefoot region, and a midfoot region, the midfoot region disposed between the heel region and the forefoot region; and a first ball group extending around a periphery of the cushioning element and a second ball group extending between respective balls of the first ball group, wherein the first ball group extends from the rear end to the front end, and wherein one or more balls of the first ball group are disposed in one or more of the forefoot region, the midfoot region, or the heel region, wherein an opening extends between adjacent ones of the one or more bridge portions and adjacent balls of the first ball group and the second ball group connected by the one or more bridge portions.

[0219] Clause 10. The article of footwear according to clause 9, wherein the opening is circumferentially closed.

[0220] Clause 11. The article of footwear according to clause 9, wherein the opening is partially enclosed by one or both of the one or more bridge portions, the first ball group, and the second ball group.

[0221] Clause 12. The article of footwear according to clause 1, wherein only the upper directly contacts the cushioning element.

[0222] Clause 13. The article of footwear according to clause 1, wherein the sole has a first thickness, the cushioning element has a second thickness, and the upper has a third thickness, the third thickness being less than the first thickness and the second thickness.

[0223] Clause 14. The article of footwear of Clause 1, wherein a void open to an external environment is formed between the upper and the corresponding bridge portion.

[0224] Clause 15. The article of footwear of Clause 1, wherein an outsole layer is coupled to the second surface of the cushioning element, the outsole layer forming a ground engaging surface of the article of footwear.

[0225] Clause 16. A sole structure for an article of footwear, comprising:

[0226] a cushioning element extending from a rear end to a front end, the cushioning element including a first set of openings and a plurality of blisters, wherein the plurality of blisters extend around an entire outer surface of the cushioning element; and

[0227] an outsole layer coupled to the cushioning element.

[0228] Clause 17. An article of footwear comprising an upper directly coupled to the sole structure of Clause 16.

[0229] Clause 18. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper including an interior void, the upper comprising a first material; a sole disposed within the interior void of the upper, the sole formed of a second material different from the first material; and a cushioning element formed of a third material different from the first material and the second material, the cushioning element including a first surface facing the upper and a second surface facing a ground, wherein the upper is directly attached to the cushioning element.

[0230] Clause 19. The article of footwear of Clause 18, wherein the cushioning element includes one or more openings disposed between the plurality of blisters.

[0231] Clause 20. The article of footwear of Clause 19, wherein the one or more openings are areas of the cushioning element free of material between respective ones of the plurality of blisters.

[0232] Clause 21. The article of footwear of Clause 18, wherein the cushioning element is a fluid-filled bladder.

[0233] Clause 22. The article of footwear of Clause 18, wherein the cushioning element is adhesively bonded to the upper with wet cement.

[0234] Clause 23. The article of footwear of Clause 18, wherein the cushioning element is thermally bonded to the upper.

[0235] Clause 24. An article of footwear comprising: a medial side and a lateral side opposite the medial side; a rear end and a front end opposite the rear end; an upper extending from the rear end to the front end, the upper comprising an interior void; a sole disposed within the interior void of the upper; and a cushioning element comprising a first surface facing the upper and a second surface facing a ground, the cushioning element comprising a first plurality of blisters disposed on the medial side and a second plurality of blisters disposed on the lateral side, wherein each of the first plurality of blisters extends radially outward from a radially outermost surface of the upper on the medial side, and wherein each of the second plurality of blisters extends radially outward from a radially outermost surface of the upper on the lateral side.

[0236] Clause 25. The article of footwear of Clause 24, wherein the cushioning element is a fluid-filled bladder.

[0237] Clause 26. An article of footwear comprising: an upper comprising an interior void, wherein the upper comprises one or more supports, and wherein a plurality of ridges are disposed between adjacent supports of the one or more supports; a sole disposed within the interior void of the upper, wherein the sole comprises one or more extensions configured to couple with the one or more supports; and a cushioning element extending from a rear end of the article of footwear to a front end of the article of footwear, the cushioning element comprising a first set of blisters and a second set of blisters, wherein a combination of the one or more supports and the one or more extensions engages the first set of blisters, wherein a void open to an external environment is disposed between the plurality of ridges and the cushioning element, the void being defined at a bottom end by an exposed first surface of the cushioning element and at a top end by the plurality of ridges of the upper.

[0238] Clause 27. The article of footwear of Clause 26, wherein the plurality of ridges comprises a void extending from a medial side of the upper to a lateral side of the upper such that fluid flows unimpeded through the void.

[0239] Clause 28. The article of footwear of Clause 26, wherein each blister of the first set of blisters and the second set of blisters is interconnected.

[0240] Clause 29. The article of footwear of Clause 26, wherein the first set of blisters is disposed in each of a heel region of the article of footwear, a portion of a midfoot region of the article of footwear, and a forefoot region of the article of footwear.

[0241] Clause 30. The article of footwear of Clause 29, wherein the second set of blisters is disposed only in the midfoot region of the article of footwear.

[0242] Clause 31. A sole structure for an article of footwear, comprising: a cushioning element extending from a rear end to a front end, the cushioning element comprising a plurality of spheroids, a first closed opening, a second partially closed opening, wherein the second partially closed opening comprises a mouth.

[0243] Clause 32. An article of footwear, comprising an upper directly coupled to the sole structure of Clause 31.

[0244] Clause 33. The sole structure of Clause 31, wherein the mouth exposes an interior portion of the second partially closed opening to an external environment.

[0245] Clause 34. A sole for an article of footwear, comprising: a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a rear portion, the rear portion comprising one or more extensions extending from the first surface, wherein each of the one or more extensions comprises a pocket; a midfoot portion; and a forefoot portion, the forefoot portion comprising a first junction region and a second junction region, wherein the first junction region comprises a first recess about a first land and a second land, and wherein the second junction region comprises a second recess.

[0246] Clause 35. The sole of Clause 34, wherein the sole does not comprise any features permanently attached to the article of footwear.

[0247] Clause 36. An article of footwear, comprising the sole of Clause 34.

[0248] Clause 37. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper, the upper comprising an interior void; and a fluid-filled bladder having a top surface directly attached to the upper.

[0249] Clause 38. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper, the upper comprising an interior void; and a cushioning element having a top surface coupled to the upper, wherein the top surface comprises a plurality of exposed portions open to an external environment of the article of footwear.

[0250] Clause 39. An article of footwear comprising: an upper, the upper comprising an interior void; a sole, the sole disposed within the interior void of the upper; a cushioning element, the cushioning element comprising a first surface facing the upper and a second surface facing a ground, wherein a portion of the upper is directly attached to the first surface of the cushioning element; and an outsole layer coupled to the second surface of the cushioning element, wherein along a first path through the article of footwear, the article of footwear comprises the outsole layer, the cushioning element, the upper, and the sole, and wherein along a second path, the article of footwear comprises the outsole layer, the cushioning element, a void open to an external environment, the upper, and the sole.

[0251] Clause 40. An article of footwear comprising: a rear end; a front end opposite the rear end; an upper, the upper comprising an interior void; a sole, the sole disposed within the interior void of the upper; an outsole, the outsole extending from the front end to the rear end, the outsole comprising a first surface facing the upper, a second surface facing a ground surface, a toe portion, and a heel cap; and a cushioning element, the cushioning element comprising a first surface facing the upper and a second surface facing a ground attached to the outsole, wherein a portion of the upper is directly attached to the first surface of the cushioning element.

[0252] Clause 41. The article of footwear of clause 40, further comprising a toe cap, wherein the toe cap is disposed between the upper and the outsole.

[0253] Clause 42. The article of footwear of clause 40, wherein the cushioning element comprises: a first cluster of spheres extending around a periphery of the cushioning element, wherein the first cluster of spheres extends from the rear end to the front end.

[0254] Clause 43. The article of footwear of clause 42, wherein the cushioning element further comprises a plurality of closed openings.

[0255] Clause 44. The article of footwear of clause 40, wherein the cushioning element is a fluid-filled bladder.

[0256] Clause 45. The article of footwear of clause 40, wherein the outsole comprises a plurality of raised portions and a plurality of openings.

[0257] Clause 46. The article of footwear of clause 45, wherein the plurality of raised portions are disposed on the first surface.

[0258] Clause 47. The article of footwear of clause 40, wherein the outsole further comprises a plurality of lugs.

[0259] Clause 48. The article of footwear of Clause 47, wherein the plurality of lugs are disposed on the second surface.

[0260] Clause 49. The article of footwear of Clause 48, wherein each of the plurality of lugs includes a ground-engaging face, and wherein the face of each of the plurality of lugs is disposed in a plane that is offset from a plane of the second surface.

[0261] Clause 50. An article of footwear, comprising: a medial side and a lateral side opposite the medial side; a rear end and a front end opposite the rear end; an upper extending from the rear end to the front end; a sole coupled to the upper; and a cushioning element including a first surface facing the upper and a second surface facing the ground, the cushioning element including a first plurality of bulbs disposed on the medial side and a second plurality of bulbs disposed on the lateral side, wherein each of the first plurality of bulbs extends radially outward on the medial side from a radially outermost surface of the upper, and wherein each of the second plurality of bulbs extends radially outward on the lateral side from a radially outermost surface of the upper.

[0262] Clause 51. The article of footwear of Clause 50, wherein the cushioning element is a fluid-filled bladder.

[0263] Clause 52. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper extending from a rear end of the article of footwear to a front end of the article of footwear; a sole coupled to the upper, wherein the sole includes one or more flanges; and a cushioning element extending from the rear end of the article of footwear to the front end of the article of footwear, the cushioning element including a first set of bulbs and a second set of bulbs, wherein the flange extends over the first set of bulbs and the second set of bulbs, wherein a void open to an external environment is disposed between the one or more flanges and the cushioning element, the void being defined at a bottom end by an exposed first surface of the cushioning element and the void being defined at a top end by the one or more flanges.

[0264] Clause 53. The article of footwear of Clause 52, wherein each bulb of the first set of bulbs and the second set of bulbs is interconnected.

[0265] Clause 54. The article of footwear of Clause 52, wherein the first set of bulbs is disposed in each of a heel region of the article of footwear, a portion of a midfoot region of the article of footwear, and a forefoot region of the article of footwear.

[0266] Clause 55. The article of footwear of Clause 52, wherein the second set of bulbs is disposed only in the midfoot region of the article of footwear.

[0267] Clause 56. The sole of Clause 34, wherein the midfoot portion is free of extensions.

[0268] Clause 57. The sole of Clause 34, wherein the midfoot portion includes one or more extensions extending from the first surface.

[0269] Clause 58. The sole of Clause 34, wherein the second surface includes one or more textured elements.

[0270] Clause 59. A sole for an article of footwear including a first material, comprising: a first surface extending from a first end to a second end opposite the first end; one or more extensions extending from the first surface; one or more engagement regions disposed within the first surface; a second surface extending from the first end to the second end, the second surface disposed opposite the first surface; and a sidewall surrounding the second surface.

[0271] Clause 60. The sole of Clause 59, wherein the sidewall includes a notch disposed at the second end, a first protrusion disposed at the second end, and a second protrusion disposed at the second end.

[0272] Clause 61. The sole of Clause 60, wherein the notch is disposed between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

[0273] Clause 62. The sole of Clause 59, wherein the first material is a polymeric foam material.

[0274] Clause 63. The sole of Clause 59, wherein the sole is disposed within an upper of the article of footwear, and wherein the upper includes a second material different from the first material of the sole.

[0275] Clause 64. The sole of Clause 63, wherein the sole does not include any features permanently attached to the upper.

[0276] Clause 65. The sole of Clause 63, wherein the upper is directly attached to a cushioning element including a third material, the third material being different from the first material and the second material.

[0277] Clause 66. The sole of Clause 65, wherein the cushioning element includes one or more spheroids, and wherein the one or more extensions are configured to engage the one or more spheroids.

[0278] Clause 67. The article of footwear of Clause 50, wherein the sole is coupled to the first surface of the cushioning element.

[0279] Clause 68. The article of footwear of Clause 50, wherein the sole comprises a foamed material.

[0280] Clause 69. The article of footwear of Clause 50, wherein the article of footwear further comprises:

[0281] an outsole layer comprising a first surface coupled to the second surface of the cushioning element and a second surface that engages the ground.

[0282] Clause 70. The article of footwear of Clause 69, wherein the second surface of the outsole layer comprises one or more textured elements and one or more lugs.

Claims

1. A footwear article comprising: a front end and a rear end opposite the front end; an upper including an interior cavity defined in part by a ground-facing surface, wherein the ground-facing surface includes a plurality of support members; a sole comprising a first surface facing the interior cavity and a second surface facing the ground, the sole disposed within the interior cavity of the upper, wherein the sole comprises one or more extensions extending from the second surface, wherein each of the one or more extensions is received by a respective one of the plurality of supports; and A cushioning element extends from the rear end toward the front end, the cushioning element including a first surface facing the upper and a second surface facing the ground, wherein the one or more supports and the one or more extensions engage the first surface of the cushioning element.

2. The article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein the cushioning element comprises a fluid-filled bladder. The article of footwear according to claim 1 , wherein the upper comprises a knitted material. The article of footwear according to claim 1 , wherein the upper is directly attached to the cushioning element.

5. The article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein the sole is removably disposed within the upper.

6. The article of footwear according to claim 5, wherein the sole includes one or more depressions provided on a ground-facing surface of corresponding ones of the one or more extensions.

7. The article of footwear according to claim 6, wherein the one or more extensions and the cushioning element transfer forces between each other through the upper.

8. The article of footwear according to claim 1, an outsole layer coupled to the second surface of the cushioning element, the outsole layer forming a ground engaging surface of the article of footwear.

9. The article of footwear according to claim 1 , wherein the article of footwear further comprises: a heel region, a forefoot region, and a midfoot region, wherein the midfoot region is disposed between the heel region and the forefoot region; as well as a first ball group extending around a periphery of the cushioning element and a second ball group extending between corresponding balls of the first ball group, wherein the first ball group extends from the rear end to the front end, and wherein one or more balls of the first ball group are disposed in one or more of the forefoot region, the midfoot region, or the heel region, The opening extends between adjacent ones of the one or more bridge portions and adjacent balls of the first and second groups of balls connected by the one or more bridge portions.

10. The article of footwear according to claim 9, wherein the opening is circumferentially closed.

11. The article of footwear according to claim 9, wherein the opening is partially surrounded by one or both of the one or more bridge portions, the first set of bulbs, and the second set of bulbs.

12. The article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein only the upper directly contacts the cushioning element.

13. The article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein the sole has a first thickness, the cushioning element has a second thickness, and the upper has a third thickness, the third thickness being less than the first thickness and the second thickness.

14. The article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein a void open to the external environment is formed between the upper and the corresponding bridge portion.

15. The article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein an outsole layer is coupled to the second surface of the cushioning element, the outsole layer forming a ground engaging surface of the article of footwear.

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