Sound absorption and insulation coating as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating comprises a component A and a component B, the component A is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 50 parts of epoxy modified polyurethane, 0.5 to 15 parts of SiO2 aerogel slurry, 0.2 to 20 parts of first hollow glass beads, 0.2 to 15 parts of second hollow glass beads, 1 to 10 parts of dispersing agents, 0.05 to 2 parts of thickening agents, 1 to 30 parts of pigments and fillers, 1 to 30 parts of solvents and 1 to 15 parts of auxiliary agents, and the component B is a curing agent. The first hollow glass beads and the second hollow glass beads have porous structures, the aperture size of the first hollow glass beads is 2-200 [mu] m, the aperture size of the second hollow glass beads is 0.5-2 mm, and the aperture size of the SiO2 aerogel is 1-200 nm. According to the present invention, the coating material has the multi-stage combined porous structure of 1-200 nm nano-scale micropores, 2-200 [mu] m micron-scale pores and 0.5-2 mm macropores, such that the porous materials with different pore diameters have good sound absorption and sound insulation effects in different frequency ranges.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of coatings, and in particular to a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating, a preparation method thereof, and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] Mechanical noise generated by ships during navigation is primarily caused by the operation of the main and auxiliary engines and shafting, as well as the vibration of the connected foundations, piping, and hull structure. This vibration radiates into the cabin, causing cabin air noise, and into the water, generating radiated noise and self-noise. Accommodation noise can seriously affect crew comfort and physical and mental health, and even disrupt daily life and work. Currently, the main noise reduction methods are to apply damping materials, sound-absorbing / insulating coatings, and noise-reducing coatings to achieve effective noise reduction.

[0003] Currently, CN201510878337.7 discloses a marine sound-insulating coating, prepared from water-based resin, sound-insulating fillers, pigments, and additives. CN201711168692.0 discloses a sound-absorbing coating and production method, whose raw materials include polyurethane, emulsion, slag wool fiber, water, composite coupling agent, diatom mud, expanded perlite, etc. CN201910236026.9 discloses a method for preparing an underwater sound-absorbing polymer composite material, whose raw materials include polyurethane material, chlorinated butyl rubber, interpenetrating network polymer, phenolic resin, modified nano-zinc oxide powder, glycerol, carbon black, p-phenylenediamine, stearic acid, sulfur, etc. CN202311036724.7 discloses a sound-insulating coating and its preparation method, which is composed of modified water-absorbing particles, water-based polyurethane resin, silicone defoamer, silicone substrate wetting agent, silicone leveling agent, aerogel aqueous dispersion, preservative, and inorganic silicon crosslinker. While existing sound-insulating and sound-absorbing coatings can achieve a certain noise reduction effect, the addition of a material with a single pore size to the coating only effectively absorbs / insulates sound within a narrow frequency range, failing to achieve a balanced absorption / insulation of both low and high frequencies, resulting in limited noise reduction. Furthermore, when used as a coating, they are prone to agglomeration, making them difficult to disperse evenly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating, a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coatings are only effective within a narrow frequency range and cannot have good sound absorption and sound insulation effects at low, medium and high frequencies.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] A sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating comprises a component A and a component B. The component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of epoxy-modified polyurethane, 0.5-15 parts of SiO2 aerogel slurry, 0.2-20 parts of first hollow glass beads, 0.2-15 parts of second hollow glass beads, 1-10 parts of dispersant, 0.05-2 parts of thickener, 1-30 parts of pigment and filler, 1-30 parts of solvent and 1-15 parts of auxiliary agent. The component B is a curing agent.

[0007] Furthermore, the first hollow glass beads and the second hollow glass beads have a porous structure, the pore size of the first hollow glass beads is 2~200μm, the pore size of the second hollow glass beads is 0.5~2mm, and the pore size of the SiO2 aerogel is 1~200nm.

[0008] Furthermore, the SiO2 aerogel slurry is prepared by dispersing the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel in a second solvent.

[0009] Furthermore, the preparation method of the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel slurry includes the following steps: mixing 5 to 50 parts of SiO2 aerogel and 1 to 6 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 1 to 5 parts of polypropylene glycol, 1 to 3 parts of a small molecule chain extender, and 1 to 4 parts of trimethylolpropane, reacting for at least 10 minutes, adding 1 to 10 parts of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixing and reacting for at least 5 minutes to obtain a surface-modified SiO2 aerogel; mixing the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel, 0.05 to 3 parts of a polymer dispersant K-331, and 2 to 3 parts of a second solvent, stirring, and ultrasonicating to obtain the obtained product.

[0010] Furthermore, the dispersant is at least one of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and polyacrylamide.

[0011] Furthermore, the thickener is at least one of sodium polyacrylate, organic bentonite, AT-70, PR-328 thickener, and TD-01 thickener.

[0012] Furthermore, the pigment filler is selected from at least one of mica powder, jacquard mica powder, barite powder, glass fiber, titanium dioxide, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, and carbon black.

[0013] Furthermore, the first solvent is selected from at least one of xylene, butyl acetate, and cyclohexanone, and the second solvent is xylene.

[0014] Further, the auxiliary agent is selected from at least one of FKA4010, EFKA4050, EFKA4300, BYK101, BYK130, BYK160, the curing agent is an isocyanate curing agent or a blocked curing agent, and is selected from at least one of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and caprolactam.

[0015] The application further provides a preparation method of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating paint.

[0016] Step one, preparing a modified SiO2 aerogel slurry and weighing each component raw material;

[0017] Step two, mixing the epoxy modified polyurethane resin and the first solvent in a stirrer to prepare an epoxy modified polyurethane base solution;

[0018] Step three, adding the pigment and filler into the epoxy modified polyurethane base solution prepared in step two, and stirring to obtain a base solution with uniform dispersion;

[0019] Step four, adding the modified SiO2 aerogel slurry prepared in step one, the first hollow glass beads and the second hollow glass beads into the base solution in step three, and stirring to obtain a slurry solution with uniform dispersion;

[0020] Step five, adding the dispersant, thickening agent and auxiliary agent into the slurry solution prepared in step four, and stirring to obtain a component A with uniform dispersion;

[0021] Step six, mixing component A and component B, and stirring uniformly to obtain the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating paint.

[0022] The application further provides application of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating paint to ship paint.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating paint, the preparation method and the application thereof have the following advantages:

[0024] (1) The SiO2 aerogel, the first hollow glass beads and the second hollow glass beads are added to the paint, so that the paint has nano-level micropores of 1-200 nm, micron-level small pores of 2-200 microns and large pores of 0.5-2 mm, and the multi-level combined porous structure makes the porous materials with different pore diameters have good sound-absorbing and sound-insulating effects in different frequency ranges.

[0025] (2) The SiO2 aerogel is modified on the surface, so that it is matched with the polarity of the paint and is not prone to agglomeration.

[0026] (3) The coating prepared by the present invention has good corrosion resistance, flexibility, impact resistance and wear resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are provided to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are provided to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the porous structure for sound absorption and sound insulation of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a morphology diagram of the coating prepared in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the data in the following experimental examples are obtained by the inventor through a large number of experiments. Due to space limitations, only a portion thereof is shown in the specification, and those skilled in the art can understand and implement the present invention under these data. These embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should also be understood that, after having read the contents of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these changes or modifications also fall within the scope protected by this application.

[0031] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0032] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0033] A sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to the present invention comprises component A and component B. Component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts epoxy-modified polyurethane, 0.5-15 parts SiO2 aerogel slurry, 0.2-20 parts first hollow glass beads, 0.2-15 parts second hollow glass beads, 1-10 parts dispersant, 0.05-2 parts thickener, 1-30 parts pigment or filler, 1-30 parts first solvent, and 1-15 parts auxiliary agent. Component B comprises a curing agent. The weight ratio of component A to component B is 2-4:1. It should be noted that the weight ratio of each raw material refers to the proportion of the raw material to the total weight of the raw materials.

[0034] As a specific example of the present invention, the first hollow glass beads and the second hollow glass beads have a porous structure, wherein the pore size of the first hollow glass beads is 2 to 200 μm, and the pore size of the second hollow glass beads is 0.5 to 2 mm. As the preparation of porous hollow glass beads with different pore sizes is prior art, it will not be further described here.

[0035] The SiO2 aerogel is a continuous three-dimensional network structure formed by cross-linking nanoscale SiO2 particles, with a porosity of 80% to 99.8% and a pore size of 1 to 200 nm. By adding SiO2 aerogel, first hollow glass beads, and second hollow glass beads, the coating is endowed with nanoscale micropores of 1 to 200 nm, micron-sized pores of 2 to 200 μm, and macropores of 0.5 to 2 mm. This multi-level porous structure ensures that the porous materials with different pore sizes have excellent sound insulation across different frequency ranges.

[0036] The dosage of SiO2 aerogel, first hollow glass beads and second hollow glass beads needs to be strictly controlled. Adding too little will effectively improve the sound insulation effect, while adding too much will cause the coating to fall off and crack easily after being applied to the material.

[0037] As a preferred example of the present invention, the SiO2 aerogel slurry is prepared by dispersing surface-modified SiO2 aerogel in a second solvent. The preparation method of the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel slurry includes the following steps: mixing 5-50 parts of SiO2 aerogel with 1-6 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 1-5 parts of polypropylene glycol, 1-3 parts of a small molecule chain extender, and 1-4 parts of trimethylolpropane, reacting for at least 10 minutes, adding 1-10 parts of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixing and reacting for at least 5 minutes to obtain the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel; and mixing the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel, 0.05-3 parts of a polymer dispersant K-331, and 2-3 parts of a second solvent, stirring, and ultrasonicating to obtain the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel. The stirring speed is ≥500 r / min, stirring for at least 10 minutes, and then ultrasonicating for at least 10 minutes.

[0038] By modifying the surface of the SiO2 aerogel to match its polarity with the coating, it is less likely to agglomerate. Furthermore, adding the SiO2 aerogel in the form of a slurry further facilitates its uniform dispersion in the coating.

[0039] Specifically, the epoxy-reinforced modified polyurethane is formed by a graft reaction between a high molecular weight bisphenol A epoxy resin and a polyurethane resin. Since the preparation of epoxy-reinforced modified polyurethane by the graft reaction between a high molecular weight bisphenol A epoxy resin and a polyurethane resin is prior art, this method will not be further described here. It should be noted that, for ease of comparison, the high molecular weight bisphenol A epoxy resin and polyurethane resin used in the Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention are identical, and the amounts used are also identical.

[0040] The dispersant is at least one of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and polyacrylamide. When the dispersant is selected from multiple types, they can be mixed in any proportion.

[0041] The thickener is at least one of sodium polyacrylate, organic bentonite, AT-70, PR-328 thickener, and TD-01 thickener. When the thickener is selected from multiple types, they can be mixed in any proportion.

[0042] The pigments and fillers are selected from at least one of mica powder, aramid mica powder, barite powder, glass fiber, titanium dioxide, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, and carbon black. When the pigments and fillers are selected from multiple types, they can be mixed in any proportion.

[0043] The first solvent is selected from at least one of xylene, butyl acetate, and cyclohexanone. When the first solvent is selected from multiple solvents, they can be mixed in any proportion.

[0044] The auxiliary agent is selected from at least one of FKA4010, EFKA4050, EFKA4300, BYK101, BYK130, and BYK160. When the auxiliary agent is selected from multiple types, they can be mixed in any proportion.

[0045] The curing agent is an isocyanate curing agent or a blocked curing agent, and is selected from at least one of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and caprolactam.

[0046] The second solvent is xylene, and the small molecule chain extender is 1,4-butanediol.

[0047] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating of the present invention exhibits excellent corrosion resistance through the selection and combination of its components. The epoxy-modified polyurethane resin and corrosion-resistant pigments and fillers impart excellent flexibility, impact resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance to the coating. The coating is particularly suitable for use in marine environments. As a marine sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating, its gradient pore size design not only provides excellent sound insulation at low, medium, and high frequencies, enabling effective sound absorption and sound insulation across a wide frequency range, but also exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, ensuring continued performance in the harsh marine environment.

[0048] A method for preparing a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating material of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Prepare modified SiO2 aerogel slurry and weigh each component raw material;

[0050] Step 2: mixing the epoxy-modified polyurethane resin and the first solvent in a blender to prepare an epoxy-modified polyurethane base material solution;

[0051] Step 3: adding pigments and fillers to the epoxy-modified polyurethane base material solution prepared in step 2, and stirring to obtain a uniformly dispersed base material solution;

[0052] Step 4: Add the modified SiO2 aerogel slurry, the first hollow glass beads, and the second hollow glass beads prepared in step 1 to the base material solution in step 3, and stir to obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry solution;

[0053] Step 5: Add the dispersant, thickener and additive to the slurry solution prepared in step 4, and stir to obtain a uniformly dispersed component A;

[0054] Step 6: Mix component A and component B and stir them thoroughly to obtain the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating.

[0055] Specifically, in step three, stirring is performed at a speed of 1000-2000 r / min for at least 30 min; in step four, stirring is performed at a speed of 1000-1500 r / min for at least 30 min; in step five, stirring is performed at a speed of 1000-1500 r / min for at least 30 min.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] Step 1: 20g SiO2 aerogel, 2.1g isophorone diisocyanate, 1.4g polypropylene glycol, 1.6g 1,4-butanediol, and 2.6g trimethylolpropane were mixed and reacted for 30 minutes, 3.5g γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was reacted for 15 minutes to obtain surface-modified SiO2 aerogel; the modified SiO2 aerogel was stirred with 0.1g polymer dispersant K-331 and 2g xylene at a stirring speed of 1500r / min for 40 minutes, and then ultrasonicated for 15 minutes to prepare a modified SiO2 aerogel slurry.

[0058] Step 2: Mix 35 g of epoxy-modified polyurethane resin and 10 g of butyl acetate in a blender to prepare an epoxy-modified polyurethane base material solution.

[0059] Step 3: Add 8 g of mica powder to the epoxy-modified polyurethane base material solution and stir at a speed of 1500 r / min for 45 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed base material solution.

[0060] Step 4: Add 8 g of the prepared modified SiO2 aerogel slurry, 4 g of the first hollow glass beads (pore size of 2~200 μm), and 3 g of the second hollow glass beads (pore size of 0.5~2 mm) to the base material solution, stir at a speed of 1200 r / min for 45 minutes, and obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry solution after stirring.

[0061] Step 5: Add 1.5 g of sodium hexametaphosphate, 0.5 g of organic bentonite and 1.4 g of BYK101 to the slurry solution, and stir at a speed of 1200 r / min for 45 min to obtain a uniformly dispersed component A.

[0062] Step 6: Stir component A and toluene diisocyanate in a weight ratio of 3.5:1 to obtain a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] Step 1: 50g SiO2 aerogel, 6g isophorone diisocyanate, 5g polypropylene glycol, 3g 1,4-butanediol, and 4g trimethylolpropane were mixed and reacted for 30 minutes, 10g γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was reacted for 15 minutes to obtain surface-modified SiO2 aerogel; the modified SiO2 aerogel was stirred with 3g polymer dispersant K-331 and 3g xylene at a stirring speed of 1500r / min for 40 minutes, and then ultrasonicated for 15 minutes to prepare a modified SiO2 aerogel slurry.

[0065] Step 2: Mix 50 g of epoxy-modified polyurethane resin and 30 g of butyl acetate in a blender to prepare an epoxy-modified polyurethane base material solution.

[0066] Step 3: Add 30 g of barite to the epoxy-modified polyurethane base material solution and stir at a speed of 1600 r / min for 40 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed base material solution.

[0067] Step 4: Add 15 g of modified SiO2 aerogel slurry, 20 g of first hollow glass beads (pore size of 2~200 μm), and 15 g of second hollow glass beads (pore size of 0.5~2 mm) to the base material solution, stir at a speed of 1300 r / min for 40 min, and obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry solution after stirring.

[0068] Step 5: Add 10 g of sodium lauryl sulfate, 2 g of AT-70 and 15 g of EFKA4050 to the slurry solution, and stir at a speed of 1300 r / min for 40 min to obtain a uniformly dispersed component A.

[0069] Step 6: Mix component A and diphenylmethane diisocyanate in a weight ratio of 4:1 and stir thoroughly to obtain a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] Step one, 5g SiO2 aerogel and 1g isoflurone diisocyanate, 1g polypropylene glycol, 1g 1, 4-butanediol, 1g trimethylolpropane, after mixing, reaction for 30min, 5g gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane is added, after mixing, reaction for 15min, the surface modified modified SiO2 aerogel is obtained;The modified SiO2 aerogel is mixed with 0.05g high molecular dispersant K-331, 2.5g dimethylbenzene, under the condition of stirring speed 1800r / min, stirring for 45min, then ultrasonic for 20min, the modified SiO2 aerogel slurry is prepared.

[0072] Step two, 10g epoxy modified polyurethane resin and 1g dimethylbenzene are mixed in a blender to prepare an epoxy modified polyurethane base solution.

[0073] Step three, 1g glass fiber is added to the epoxy modified polyurethane base solution, and stirred at a speed of 1800r / min for 35min, and a uniformly dispersed base solution is obtained after stirring.

[0074] Step four, 0.5g modified SiO2 aerogel slurry, 0.2g first hollow glass bead (pore size is 2-200μm), 0.2g second hollow glass bead (pore size is 0.5-2mm) are added to the base solution, and stirred at a speed of 1500r / min for 35min, and a uniformly dispersed slurry solution is obtained after stirring.

[0075] Step five, 1g polyacrylamide, 0.05g PR-328 and 1g BYK101 are added to the slurry solution, and stirred at a speed of 1500r / min for 35min, and a uniformly dispersed A component is obtained after stirring.

[0076] Step six, the A component and the diphenyl methane diisocyanate are mixed according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and then uniformly stirred, to obtain the sound absorption and sound insulation coating.

[0077] Comparative example 1

[0078] Comparative example 1 is the same as example 1, the difference is only that the modified SiO2 aerogel slurry is not added.

[0079] Comparative example 2

[0080] Comparative example 2 is the same as example 1, the difference is only that the first hollow glass bead is not added.

[0081] Comparative example 3

[0082] Comparative example 3 is the same as example 1, the difference is only that the second hollow glass bead is not added.

[0083] The schematic diagram of the porous structure of the sound absorption and sound insulation of the application is as follows Figure 1As shown in FIG, pores with different gradient sizes are conducive to better sound insulation effects within different frequency ranges. Figure 2 As shown, the coating morphology of Example 1 and Example 2 is shown in FIG. Figure 2 Due to space limitations, only Example 3 is used as an example for illustration. Table 2 shows that the coating of Example 3 has good dispersibility and no agglomeration. After being applied to the material, the overall sound insulation effect of the material is better.

[0084] The coatings prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were applied to samples to make coating samples (coating thickness 0.5 mm to 2 mm). The surface conditions of the samples were observed in a salt spray test chamber after 240 h, 480 h, and 720 h. The test results showed that after 240 h, 480 h, and 720 h, there was no rust, blistering, cracking, or shedding on the coating surface of each sample, demonstrating that the coating had good anti-corrosion properties, and the added SiO2 aerogel slurry, the first hollow glass beads, and the second hollow glass beads did not affect the bonding tightness between the coating and the material.

[0085] At 50 Hz to 100 kHz, the average sound absorption coefficients of the coatings prepared in Examples 1 to 3 are greater than 0.5, and the average sound insulation coefficients are greater than 0.5, indicating that the coatings in Examples 1 to 3 have good sound absorption and sound insulation properties over a wide frequency range.

[0086] At 50Hz-100kHz, the average sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation coefficient of the coating prepared in Comparative Example 1 were greater than 0.4, and the average sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation coefficient were greater than 0.4; at 6kHz-60kHz, the average sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation coefficient of the coating prepared in Comparative Example 2 were greater than 0.4, and the average sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation coefficient were greater than 0.3; at 50Hz-10kHz, the average sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation coefficient of the coating prepared in Comparative Example 3 were greater than 0.3, and the average sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation coefficient were greater than 0.3. Compared with Examples 1-3, the sound absorption and sound insulation coefficients of Comparative Examples 1-3 were lower, and the frequency range of sound absorption and sound insulation performance was narrow, which significantly affected the performance.

[0087] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating, characterized in that: The invention comprises component A and component B, wherein component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 50 parts of epoxy modified polyurethane, 0.5 to 15 parts of SiO2 aerogel slurry, 0.2 to 20 parts of first hollow glass beads, 0.2 to 15 parts of second hollow glass beads, 1 to 10 parts of dispersant, 0.05 to 2 parts of thickener, 1 to 30 parts of pigment and filler, 1 to 30 parts of solvent and 1 to 15 parts of auxiliary agent, and component B is a curing agent.

2. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first hollow glass beads and the second hollow glass beads have a porous structure. The pore size of the first hollow glass beads is 2-200 μm, the pore size of the second hollow glass beads is 0.5-2 mm, and the pore size of the SiO2 aerogel is 1-200 nm.

3. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SiO2 aerogel slurry is prepared by dispersing surface-modified SiO2 aerogel in a second solvent.

4. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel slurry comprises the following steps: mixing 5 to 50 parts of SiO2 aerogel, 1 to 6 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 1 to 5 parts of polypropylene glycol, 1 to 3 parts of a small molecule chain extender, and 1 to 4 parts of trimethylolpropane, reacting the mixture for at least 10 minutes, adding 1 to 10 parts of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixing the mixture for at least 5 minutes, and obtaining the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel; and mixing the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel, 0.05 to 3 parts of a polymer dispersant K-331, and 2 to 3 parts of a second solvent, stirring the mixture, and ultrasonicating the mixture to obtain the surface-modified SiO2 aerogel.

5. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersant is at least one of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate and polyacrylamide.

6. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickener is at least one of sodium polyacrylate, organic bentonite, AT-70, PR-328 thickener, and TD-01 thickener.

7. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first solvent is selected from at least one of xylene, butyl acetate, and cyclohexanone, and the second solvent is xylene.

8. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary agent is selected from at least one of FKA4010, EFKA4050, EFKA4300, BYK101, BYK130, and BYK160; the curing agent is an isocyanate curing agent or a blocked curing agent, selected from at least one of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and caprolactam.

9. A method for preparing a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating, characterized in that: The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare modified SiO2 aerogel slurry and weigh each component raw material; Step 2: mixing the epoxy-modified polyurethane resin and the first solvent in a blender to prepare an epoxy-modified polyurethane base material solution; Step 3: adding pigments and fillers to the epoxy-modified polyurethane base material solution prepared in step 2, and stirring to obtain a uniformly dispersed base material solution; Step 4: Add the modified SiO2 aerogel slurry, the first hollow glass beads, and the second hollow glass beads prepared in step 1 to the base material solution in step 3, and stir to obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry solution; Step 5: Add the dispersant, thickener and additive to the slurry solution prepared in step 4, and stir to obtain a uniformly dispersed component A; Step 6: Mix component A and component B and stir them thoroughly to obtain the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating.

10. Use of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating coating according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in marine coatings.

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