Self-healing carbon fiber composite material with bionic structure

Abstract

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of macromolecules, in particular to a self-healing type carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure, which comprises a carbon fiber matrix, an epoxy resin matrix and a self-healing matrix, gaps between the carbon fiber fabric and the carbon fibers are filled with the epoxy resin matrix, the self-healing matrix comprises mussel adhesion protein imitating microspheres and a spider silk imitating elastic fiber network, and the spider silk imitating elastic fiber network is composed of a plurality of spider silk imitating elastic fibers. According to the technical scheme, efficient self-healing is achieved through a unique bionic structure, that is, the self-healing function of the carbon fiber composite material is achieved through the synergistic effect of the mussel adhesion imitating protein microspheres and the spider silk imitating elastic fiber network.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of high polymers, and particularly relates to a self-healing type carbon fiber composite material with a biomimetic structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] The carbon fiber composite material usually takes epoxy resin as a matrix, and forms a composite structure with high strength and low density by virtue of the high strength of carbon fiber and the good adhesion of epoxy resin, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, automobile industry, sports goods, etc. However, the composite material with the epoxy resin as the matrix is prone to produce micro-cracks, delamination and other damages due to external force in actual use, which seriously weakens the mechanical properties of the material and shortens the service life, and even causes structural failure. At present, the means for improving the damage repair capability mainly includes external repair and self-healing technology. The external repair such as hot pressing remelting and adhesive filling for the epoxy resin matrix needs manual intervention, and is not only complex in the repair process and high in cost, but also has limited repair effect on hidden parts or micro-cracks. The self-healing technology has more advantages, but in the self-healing structure based on microcapsules, the repair agent wrapped in the microcapsules has poor compatibility with the epoxy resin matrix, can only be repaired once after breaking, and easily leads to the decrease of the mechanical properties of the matrix.

[0003] Therefore, it has important practical significance to develop a carbon fiber composite material with high efficient self-healing capability, good mechanical properties and multiple repair. SUMMARY

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the present application. The self-healing type carbon fiber composite material with a biomimetic structure comprises a carbon fiber matrix, an epoxy resin matrix and a self-healing matrix. The carbon fiber matrix is a carbon fiber fabric with multi-layer staggered layers of carbon fibers. The epoxy resin matrix is filled between the carbon fiber fabric and the carbon fiber gaps. The self-healing matrix comprises mussel adhesive protein microspheres and spider silk elastic fiber networks. The spider silk elastic fiber network is composed of a plurality of spider silk elastic fibers. Further, the mussel adhesive protein microspheres are uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin matrix, and the spider silk elastic fiber network penetrates between the carbon fiber matrix and the epoxy resin matrix.

[0005] Further, the particle size of the mussel adhesive protein microspheres is 100-500 nm, and the mass fraction of the epoxy resin matrix is 1-5%.

[0006] Further, the diameter of the spider silk elastic fiber is 0.5-2 microns, and the density of the spider silk elastic fiber network is 100-500 spider silk elastic fibers per square centimeter.

[0007] Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 100, preparing a self-healing matrix, preparing mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres by gradient emulsification method, and preparing spider silk-inspired elastic fiber network by electrospinning method; Step 200, pretreatment of carbon fiber matrix, treating the carbon fiber matrix in a plasma treatment instrument for 5 min; Step 300, layered infiltration, first infiltrating the epoxy resin matrix containing the mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres into the carbon fiber matrix, and second combining the spider silk-inspired elastic fiber network with the epoxy resin matrix, repeating the above steps for a preset number of times to obtain a carbon fiber composite material; Step 400, gradient curing, placing the carbon fiber composite material into a vacuum hot press tank, first curing at 60°C for 2 h, second curing at 80°C for 1 h, and finally curing at 120°C for 2 h, with a curing pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa, to finally obtain a self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a biomimetic structure.

[0008] Further, in step 100, the method for preparing the mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres comprises the following steps: S1: mixing polydopamine containing dopamine groups and polycaprolactone at a mass ratio of 3:7 to form a copolymer, dissolving the copolymer in a mixed solvent to form a polymer solution with a preset mass fraction, and the mixed solvent is dichloromethane and ethanol at a volume ratio of 6:4; S2: pre-emulsification treatment, adding the polymer solution to an aqueous solution containing 0.5% Tween 80 by mass fraction, pre-emulsifying at a speed of 200 rpm for 10 min to form a coarse emulsion; S3: homogenization treatment, transferring the coarse emulsion to a high-pressure homogenizer, with a pressure of 40-80 MPa, and repeating the treatment for 2-4 times to obtain a uniform emulsion; S4: drying treatment, removing the solvent in the uniform emulsion by freeze-drying method to obtain the mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres.

[0009] Further, in step 100, the method for preparing the spider silk-inspired elastic fiber network comprises the following steps: S1: using polyurethane-urea copolymer as solute and N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent to prepare spinning solution, wherein the mass fraction of the solute is 15-20%; S2: electrospinning, setting the nozzle temperature to 80°C, the receiving roller speed to 800 rpm, and the environmental humidity to 60%, and electrospinning the spinning solution. During the spinning process, the fiber is first stretched by 100%-200% and then immediately enters the 0°C cooling zone for setting to obtain spider silk-inspired elastic fibers with a diameter of 0.5-2 μm; S3: the spider-silk-elasticity-fiber is carded and oriented, and is laid into a network by an automatic device at a preset density, and is fixed by heat pressing to form a spider-silk-elasticity-fiber network.

[0010] Further, in step 300, the epoxy resin matrix is infiltrated into the inter-fiber gaps of the carbon fiber matrix at an injection rate of 0.5-1 mL / min by a micro-injection pump.

[0011] Further, in step 300, the spider-silk-elasticity-fiber network is combined with the epoxy resin matrix by ultrasonic assistance at a frequency of 30-50 kHz.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: the unique bionic structure realizes efficient self-healing, i.e., through the synergistic effect of the mussel adhesion protein microspheres and the spider-silk-elasticity-fiber network, the self-healing function of the carbon fiber composite material is realized. Meanwhile, the process controllability is strong, the particle size of the mussel adhesion protein microspheres can be controlled by the gradient emulsification method, the diameter of the spider-silk-elasticity-fiber can be controlled by electrospinning, and the material uniformity is ensured by the layered infiltration and gradient curing process, which is beneficial to industrial production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a preparation method of a self-healing carbon fiber composite material according to the present application; Figure 1 FIG. 2 is a bending strength and interlaminar shear strength diagram of the self-healing carbon fiber composite material prepared in Examples 1-3 in the present application; FIG. 3 is a mechanical property recovery rate diagram of the self-healing carbon fiber composite material prepared in Examples 1-3 in the present application. Figure 2 FIG. 4 is a bending strength and interlaminar shear strength diagram of the self-healing carbon fiber composite material prepared in Examples 4-6 in the present application; FIG. 5 is a mechanical property recovery rate diagram of the self-healing carbon fiber composite material prepared in Examples 4-6 in the present application. Figure 3 FIG. 6 is a bending strength and interlaminar shear strength diagram of the self-healing carbon fiber composite material prepared in Examples 7-9 in the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present application will be further described in conjunction with the drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present application and are not used to limit the scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present application, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the present application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the present application.

[0015] A self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure comprises a carbon fiber matrix, an epoxy resin matrix, and a self-healing matrix. The carbon fiber matrix is a carbon fiber fabric with multiple layers of staggered carbon fiber plies. The epoxy resin matrix is filled between the carbon fiber fabric and the inter-fiber gaps. The self-healing matrix comprises mussel adhesion protein microspheres and a spider-silk-elasticity-fiber network, and the spider-silk-elasticity-fiber network is composed of several spider-silk-elasticity-fibers.

[0016] The imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres are uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin matrix, and the imitation spider silk elastic fiber network is interpenetrated between the carbon fiber matrix and the epoxy resin matrix.

[0017] The particle size of the imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres is 100-500 nm, and the mass fraction of the epoxy resin matrix is 1-5%.

[0018] The diameter of the imitation spider silk elastic fiber is 0.5-2 μm, and the density of the imitation spider silk elastic fiber network is 100-500 imitation spider silk elastic fibers per square centimeter.

[0019] The surface of the imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres contains a large number of dopamine groups capable of forming strong chemical bonds and physical adsorption with the epoxy resin. When the carbon fiber composite material is broken, the microspheres in the imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres break, releasing mussel adhesion proteins, which can form new connections at the damaged site and promote the healing of the material. The imitation spider silk elastic fiber has a shape memory function. In use, the imitation spider silk elastic fiber network is in an extended state. When it is heated, it will shrink, generating a shrinkage force to close the cracks at the damaged site, and cooperates with the mussel adhesion proteins released by the imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres to improve the self-healing effect.

[0020] A preparation method for preparing the above-mentioned self-healing type carbon fiber composite material with a biomimetic structure, comprising the following steps: Step 100, preparing a self-healing matrix, preparing imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres by gradient emulsification method, and preparing imitation spider silk elastic fiber network by electrospinning method; Among them, the preparation of imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres includes the following steps: S1: Mix polydopamine containing dopamine groups and polycaprolactone according to a mass ratio of 3:7 to form a copolymer, and dissolve the copolymer in a mixed solvent of dichloromethane and ethanol to form a polymer solution with different mass fractions. The mass fraction of the polymer solution directly affects the particle size of the imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres generated subsequently. The smaller the mass fraction of the polymer solution, the smaller the particle size of the imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres. The volume ratio of dichloromethane to ethanol in the mixed solvent is 6:4; S2: Pre-emulsification treatment, add the polymer solution to an aqueous solution containing 0.5% Tween 80, pre-emulsify at a speed of 200 rpm for 10 min to form a coarse emulsion; S3: Homogenization treatment, transfer the coarse emulsion to a high-pressure homogenizer, the pressure is 40-80 MPa, and the cycle treatment is 2-4 times to obtain a uniform emulsion; S4: Drying treatment, remove the solvent in the uniform emulsion by freeze-drying method to obtain imitation mussel adhesion protein microspheres.

[0021] Regarding the preparation of the spider-silk-elasticity-fiber network, the following steps are included: S1: A spinning solution is prepared with polyurethane-urea copolymer as the solute and N,N-dimethylformamide as the solvent, wherein the mass fraction of the solute is 15-20%; S2: Electrospinning is performed with the spinneret temperature set to 80°C, the receiving roller rotation speed set to 800 rpm, and the environmental humidity set to 60%, and the spinning solution is electrospun. During the spinning process, the fiber is first stretched by 100%-200% and then immediately enters a 0°C cooling zone for setting to obtain a spider-silk-elasticity-fiber with a diameter of 0.5-2 μm; S3: The spider-silk-elasticity-fiber is carded and oriented, laid into a preset density by an automatic device, and fixed by hot pressing setting to prepare a spider-silk-elasticity-fiber network.

[0022] Step 200, carbon fiber substrate pretreatment, the carbon fiber substrate is treated in a plasma treatment instrument for 5 minutes to enhance the surface activity of the carbon fiber substrate; Step 300, layered penetration, the self-healing matrix is layered and penetrated into the carbon fiber substrate treated in step 200 to obtain a carbon fiber composite material, first, a micro-injection pump is used to penetrate an epoxy resin matrix containing 1-5% by mass fraction of mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres into the inter-fiber gap of the carbon fiber substrate at an injection rate of 0.5-1 mL / min; second, the spider-silk-elasticity-fiber network is combined with the epoxy resin matrix by ultrasonic assistance at a frequency of 30-50 kHz, and the above steps are repeated for a preset number of times to achieve a preset thickness.

[0023] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, during the layered penetration, ultraviolet pre-curing is added with a power of 40-60 mW / cm² and a time of 30 s. The ultraviolet pre-curing can promote the rapid curing of the epoxy resin matrix, enhance the bonding force between the spider-silk-elasticity-fiber network and the epoxy resin matrix, reduce the displacement of the spider-silk-elasticity-fiber during subsequent processing, and also increase the interlayer bonding strength.

[0024] Step 400, gradient curing, the carbon fiber composite material treated in step 300 is placed in a vacuum hot pressing tank for gradient curing, first cured at 60°C for 2 h, then cured at 80°C for 1 h, and finally cured at 120°C for 2 h, with a curing pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa, and finally a self-healing type carbon fiber composite material with a biomimetic structure is obtained.

[0025] Example 1 A self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure comprises a carbon fiber matrix, an epoxy resin matrix and a self-healing matrix. The self-healing matrix comprises mussel-like adhesive protein microspheres and a spider silk-like elastic fiber network. The spider silk-like elastic network is composed of a plurality of spider silk-like elastic fibers.

[0026] The particle size of the mussel-mimicking adhesive protein microspheres is 100 nm, and the mass fraction of the microspheres in the epoxy resin matrix is ​​1%.

[0027] The diameter of the spider silk-like elastic fiber is 0.5 μm, and the density of the spider silk-like elastic fiber network is 100 spider silk-like elastic fibers per square centimeter.

[0028] A method for preparing the self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 100, prepare a self-healing matrix, prepare mussel-like adhesive protein microspheres by gradient emulsification, and prepare spider silk-like elastic fibers by electrospinning; wherein, with respect to the preparation of mussel-like adhesive protein microspheres, the mass fraction of the polymer solution in S1 is 10%, and during the homogenization treatment in S3, the pressure is 40 MPa, and the treatment is circulated twice; with respect to the preparation of the spider silk-like elastic fiber network, the mass fraction of the solute in the spinning solution in S1 is 15%; and the diameter of the spider silk-like elastic fibers finally obtained is 0.5 μm.

[0029] Step 200: pre-treating the carbon fiber matrix by treating the carbon fiber matrix in a plasma treatment apparatus for 5 minutes to enhance the surface activity of the carbon fiber matrix; Step 300, layered infiltration, layer-by-layer infiltration of the self-healing matrix into the carbon fiber matrix treated in step 200 to obtain a carbon fiber composite material. First, an epoxy resin matrix containing 1% by mass of mussel-like adhesive protein microspheres is infiltrated into the fiber gaps of the carbon fiber matrix through a micro-injection pump at an injection rate of 0.5 mL / min; secondly, the spider silk elastic fiber network is combined with the epoxy resin matrix through ultrasound assistance at a frequency of 30 kHz. The above steps are repeated as a cycle for a preset number of times to achieve a preset thickness.

[0030] Step 400, gradient curing, places the carbon fiber composite material processed in step 300 into a vacuum autoclave for gradient curing, first curing at 60°C for 2 hours, then curing at 80°C for 1 hour, and finally curing at 120°C for 2 hours, with a curing pressure of 0.6 MPa, to finally obtain a self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure.

[0031] The prepared self-healing carbon fiber composite material with biomimetic structure has a bending strength of 1150 MPa, an interlaminar shear strength of 75 MPa, and a mechanical property recovery rate of 78%. The mechanical property recovery rate is an index for measuring the repair effect of the self-healing process on the mechanical properties of the final product in the present application. The higher the value, the stronger the self-healing ability of the final product, as shown in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12. Figure 2 、 3

[0032] Embodiment 2 A self-healing carbon fiber composite material with biomimetic structure comprises a carbon fiber matrix, an epoxy resin matrix, and a self-healing matrix. The self-healing matrix comprises mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres and a spider silk elastic fiber network. The spider silk elastic fiber network is composed of a plurality of spider silk elastic fibers.

[0033] The particle size of the mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres is 300 nm, and the mass fraction of the epoxy resin matrix is 3%.

[0034] The diameter of the spider silk elastic fiber is 1 μm, and the density of the spider silk elastic fiber network is 300 spider silk elastic fibers per square centimeter.

[0035] A preparation method for preparing the self-healing carbon fiber composite material with biomimetic structure comprises the following steps: Step 100, preparing a self-healing matrix. The mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres are prepared by a gradient emulsification method, and the spider silk elastic fibers are prepared by an electrospinning method. Regarding the preparation of the mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres, the mass fraction of the polymer solution in S1 is 15%, and the pressure during the homogenization treatment in S3 is 60 MPa, and the treatment is repeated for 3 cycles. Regarding the preparation of the spider silk elastic fiber network, the mass fraction of the solute in the spinning solution in S1 is 18%. The diameter of the finally prepared spider silk elastic fiber is 1 μm.

[0036] Step 200, pretreating the carbon fiber matrix. The carbon fiber matrix is treated in a plasma treatment instrument for 5 minutes to enhance the surface activity of the carbon fiber matrix. Step 300, layer-by-layer penetration. The self-healing matrix is layer-by-layer penetrated into the carbon fiber matrix treated in step 200 to obtain a carbon fiber composite material. First, the epoxy resin matrix containing 3% mass fraction of mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres is penetrated into the fiber gap of the carbon fiber matrix through a micro-injection pump at an injection rate of 0.8 mL / min. Second, the spider silk elastic fiber network is combined with the epoxy resin matrix through ultrasonic assistance at a frequency of 40 kHz. The above steps are repeated for a predetermined number of times to achieve a predetermined thickness.

[0037] ​In the layered penetration, the ultraviolet pre-curing is increased, the power is 50 mW / cm 2, and the time is 30 s.

[0038] In step 400, the gradient curing, the carbon fiber composite material treated in step 300 is placed in a vacuum hot pressing tank for gradient curing, first cured at 60℃ for 2h, second cured at 80℃ for 1h, and finally cured at 120℃ for 2h, the curing pressure is 0.7MPa, finally the self-healing type carbon fiber composite material with biomimetic structure is obtained.

[0039] Through testing, the bending strength of the prepared self-healing type carbon fiber composite material with biomimetic structure is 1300MPa, the interlaminar shear strength is 85MPa, and the mechanical property recovery rate is 85%.

[0040] Example 3 A self-healing type carbon fiber composite material with biomimetic structure, comprising a carbon fiber matrix, an epoxy resin matrix and a self-healing matrix, the self-healing matrix comprising mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres and a spider silk elastic fiber network, the spider silk elastic fiber network being composed of a plurality of spider silk elastic fibers.

[0041] The particle size of the mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres is 500nm, and the mass fraction of the epoxy resin matrix is 5%.

[0042] The diameter of the spider silk elastic fiber is 2μm, and the density of the spider silk elastic fiber network is 500 spider silk elastic fibers per square centimeter.

[0043] A preparation method for preparing the self-healing type carbon fiber composite material with biomimetic structure, comprising the following steps: In step 100, the self-healing matrix is prepared, the mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres are prepared by gradient emulsification method, and the spider silk elastic fiber is prepared by electrospinning method; wherein, regarding the preparation of the mussel-inspired adhesion protein microspheres, the mass fraction of the polymer solution in S1 is 20%, and the pressure is 80MPa during the homogenization treatment in S3, and the cycle treatment is 4 times; regarding the preparation of the spider silk elastic fiber network, the mass fraction of the solute in the spinning solution in S1 is 20%; finally, the diameter of the prepared spider silk elastic fiber is 2μm.

[0044] In step 200, the carbon fiber matrix is pretreated in a plasma treatment instrument for 5 minutes to enhance the surface activity of the carbon fiber matrix. At step 300, layer penetration, the self-healing matrix is penetrated into the carbon fiber matrix treated at step 200 to obtain a carbon fiber composite material. First, a micro-injection pump is used to penetrate an epoxy resin matrix containing 5% by mass of mussel-inspired adhesive protein microspheres into the inter-fiber gap of the carbon fiber matrix at a rate of 1 mL / min. Second, the spider silk elastic fiber network is combined with the epoxy resin matrix by ultrasonic assistance at a frequency of 50 kHz. The above steps are repeated for a predetermined number of cycles to achieve a predetermined thickness.

[0045] During layer penetration, UV pre-curing is added with a power of 60 mW / cm² and a time of 30 s.

[0046] At step 400, gradient curing, the carbon fiber composite material treated at step 300 is placed in a vacuum hot press tank for gradient curing. First, it is cured at 60°C for 2 h, then at 80°C for 1 h, and finally at 120°C for 2 h. The curing pressure is 0.8 MPa. Finally, a self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a biomimetic structure is obtained.

[0047] Tests show that the bending strength of the self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a biomimetic structure is 1250 MPa, the interlaminar shear strength is 80 MPa, and the mechanical property recovery rate is 82%.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but are not limited thereto. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacements to some technical features therein. Such modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure, characterized by: The self-healing matrix comprises a carbon fiber matrix, an epoxy resin matrix and a self-healing matrix. The carbon fiber matrix is ​​a carbon fiber fabric with multiple layers of carbon fibers interlaced. The epoxy resin matrix is ​​filled between the carbon fiber fabric and the gaps between the carbon fibers. The self-healing matrix comprises mussel-like adhesive protein microspheres and a spider silk-like elastic fiber network. The spider silk-like elastic network is composed of a plurality of spider silk-like elastic fibers.

2. The self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a biomimetic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mussel-like adhesive protein microspheres are uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin matrix, and the spider silk-like elastic fiber network runs through the carbon fiber matrix and the epoxy resin matrix.

3. The self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the mussel-mimicking adhesive protein microspheres is 100-500 nm, and the mass fraction of the microspheres in the epoxy resin matrix is ​​1-5%.

4. The self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the spider silk-like elastic fiber is 0.5-2 μm, and the density of the spider silk-like elastic fiber network is 100-500 spider silk-like elastic fibers per square centimeter.

5. The self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 100, preparing a self-healing matrix, preparing mussel-like adhesive protein microspheres by a gradient emulsification method, and preparing a spider silk-like elastic fiber network by an electrospinning method; Step 200, pre-treating the carbon fiber substrate by treating the carbon fiber substrate in a plasma treatment apparatus for 5 minutes; Step 300, layered infiltration, first infiltrating the epoxy resin matrix containing the mussel-like adhesive protein microspheres into the carbon fiber matrix, then combining the spider-like elastic fiber network with the epoxy resin matrix, and repeating the above steps as a cycle for a predetermined number of times to obtain a carbon fiber composite material; Step 400, gradient curing, placing the carbon fiber composite material in a vacuum autoclave, first curing at 60°C for 2 hours, then curing at 80°C for 1 hour, and finally curing at 120°C for 2 hours, with a curing pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa, to finally obtain a self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure.

6. The self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 100, the method for preparing the mussel-mimicking adhesive protein microspheres comprises the following steps: S1: mixing polydopamine containing a dopamine group and polycaprolactone in a mass ratio of 3:7 to form a copolymer, and dissolving the copolymer in a mixed solvent of dichloromethane and ethanol in a volume ratio of 6:4 to form a polymer solution with a preset mass fraction; S2: pre-emulsification treatment, adding the polymer solution to an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by mass of Tween 80, and pre-emulsifying at a rotation speed of 200 rpm for 10 minutes to form a coarse emulsion; S3: Homogenization treatment: transfer the crude emulsion to a high-pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 40-80 MPa and cycle the treatment 2-4 times to obtain a uniform emulsion; S4: Drying treatment: removing the solvent in the uniform emulsion by freeze drying to obtain mussel-like adhesive protein microspheres.

7. The self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 100, the method for preparing the spider silk-like elastic fiber network includes the following steps: S1: preparing a spinning solution using polyurethane-urea copolymer as solute and N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent, wherein the mass fraction of the solute is 15-20%; S2: Electrospinning: The nozzle temperature was set at 80°C, the receiving roller speed was 800 rpm, and the ambient humidity was 60%. The spinning solution was electrospun. During the spinning process, the fiber was first stretched by 100%-200% and then immediately placed in a 0°C cooling zone for final shaping, resulting in spider silk-like elastic fibers with a diameter of 0.5-2 μm. S3: The spider silk-like elastic fibers are combed and oriented, laid out at a preset density using automated equipment, and fixed by heat pressing to form a spider silk-like elastic fiber network.

8. The self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 300, an epoxy resin matrix is ​​infiltrated into the interfiber spaces of the carbon fiber matrix by a micro-injection pump at an injection rate of 0.5-1 mL / min.

9. The self-healing carbon fiber composite material with a bionic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 300, the spider silk-like elastic fiber network is combined with an epoxy resin matrix by means of ultrasound with a frequency of 30-50 kHz.

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