Slope cropland water and soil loss monitoring and sampling device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring, and discloses a slope cropland water and soil loss monitoring and sampling device which comprises a flow collecting tank, a flow dividing assembly, a measuring assembly and a data recording module. The first end of the collecting tank is connected with the slope and provided with a filter screen, and the second end is connected with the shunting assembly; the flow dividing assembly comprises a main pipeline and flow dividing branch pipes, the main pipeline is connected with the second end of the flow collecting groove, the flow dividing branch pipes are connected with the main pipeline, and valves are arranged on the multiple flow dividing branch pipes; the measuring assembly comprises a plurality of measuring boxes and a plurality of weighing platforms, water outlets are formed in the bottoms of the measuring boxes, the measuring boxes are connected with the flow dividing branch pipes in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the weighing platforms are fixed to the bottoms of the measuring boxes in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring, and in particular to a sampling device for monitoring soil and water loss on sloping farmland. Background Art

[0002] For wavy sloping farmland with complex terrain, its transverse wavy terrain leads to concentrated erosion of runoff in the trough, and the existing straight slope management technology is difficult to apply. There is still a lack of soil and water conservation measures for this type of thin-soil wavy sloping farmland.

[0003] Existing sampling devices for monitoring soil erosion on sloping farmland primarily consist of a trough, a collection tube, and a sampler. The operating principle is as follows: the trough, located on the slope, directs a mixed sediment and water sample to the collection tube. The sampler then extracts the mixed water sample, separates it, and dries it for sediment content measurement. However, this device has two significant drawbacks: First, during heavy rainfall, insufficient collection tube capacity can easily lead to sample overflow, compromising data accuracy; second, measurement must be performed after rainfall, resulting in a significant time lag and preventing real-time monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a sloping farmland soil and water loss monitoring sampling device, which can instantly measure the sediment content in soil and water loss.

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a sloping farmland soil and water loss monitoring and sampling device, comprising: a collecting trough, a diversion component, a measurement component and a data recording module; The first end of the collecting trough is connected to the slope and is provided with a filter screen, and the second end is connected to the diversion component; The diversion assembly includes a main pipeline and a diversion branch pipe, the main pipeline is connected to the second end of the collecting tank, the diversion branch pipe is connected to the main pipeline, and valves are provided on the multiple diversion branch pipes; The measuring assembly includes: a plurality of measuring boxes and a plurality of weighing platforms, a drain port is provided at the bottom of the measuring boxes, the plurality of measuring boxes are connected to the branch pipes in a one-to-one correspondence, the plurality of weighing platforms are fixed to the bottom of the plurality of measuring boxes in a one-to-one correspondence, and the measuring boxes are provided with a drain port; The data recording module includes a first water level sensor, a weighing sensor and a data collector. The first water level sensor is fixed in the measuring box, the weighing sensor is fixed at the lower end of the weighing platform, and both the first water level sensor and the weighing sensor are connected to the data collector.

[0006] Optionally, a rainwater collection component is also included, which includes: a water collecting tank, a water pump and multiple nozzles. The water pump is fixed in the water collecting tank, and the water pump pumps the rainwater in the water collecting tank to multiple nozzles. The multiple nozzles are distributed in multiple measuring boxes.

[0007] Optionally, a filter plate is fixed in the water collecting tank, and the filter plate is located above the water pump.

[0008] Optionally, the bottom of the measuring box is an asymmetric funnel structure, and the drain outlet is biased towards one side wall of the measuring box.

[0009] Optionally, a rain measuring box is further provided on one side of the water collecting tank, and a second water level sensor is fixed in the rain measuring box.

[0010] Optionally, a telescopic door is fixed to the water inlet of the rain gauge box.

[0011] Optionally, the weighing platform further includes a shock absorbing element and a wind shield. The shock absorbing element is arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the weighing platform, and the wind shield wraps the multiple weighing platforms.

[0012] Optionally, the shock absorbing element includes: a spring and a damping pad, a plurality of springs are fixed under the weighing platform, and a damping pad is provided between the springs and the weighing platform.

[0013] Optionally, the collecting trough is provided with a slope adjustment assembly, which includes: a telescopic rod and a fixed rod, the fixed rod is fixed to the ground, the first end of the telescopic rod is connected to the collecting trough, and the second end is connected to the fixed rod, there are two telescopic rods and two fixed rods, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the collecting trough.

[0014] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention offers the following advantages over existing technologies: By installing a collecting trough at a fixed angle at the lower end of the runoff zone, the present invention ensures that runoff and its entrained sediment are evenly collected and then enter the diversion piping system via guide plates. This system utilizes an intelligent switching design. Sediment is first introduced into the first measuring box. When the water level sensor detects that the liquid level has reached a preset height, the controller automatically closes the current valve and opens the next measuring box, enabling continuous monitoring of multiple measuring boxes in rotation. After the sediment settles, the system automatically records the water level and weight data, then empties the box for recycling. Each measuring box independently completes the "collection-settlement-recording-drainage" process. This design offers the advantages of continuous automation and real-time data acquisition, supports unattended monitoring, and reduces errors through the use of multiple parallel boxes and static settling technology. It is suitable for test areas of varying sizes and complex environments. In the event of extreme rainfall, multiple measuring boxes can operate simultaneously to ensure data accuracy under torrential conditions. Its closed structure improves the reliability and efficiency of soil and water loss monitoring, providing a highly effective solution for ecological assessment and disaster early warning of sloping farmland. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a device for monitoring and sampling soil and water loss on sloping farmland provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection of a device for monitoring and sampling soil and water loss on sloping farmland provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3A top view of a device for monitoring and sampling soil and water loss on sloping farmland provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a collection box provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a weighing platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring box provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Description of reference numerals: 1. Collecting trough; 2. Diversion assembly; 3. Measuring assembly; 4. Data recording module; 11. Filter; 21. Main pipeline; 22. Diversion branch; 221. Valve; 31. Measuring box; 32. Weighing platform; 310. Drain outlet; 41. First water level sensor; 42. Weighing sensor; 43. Data collector; 5. Rainwater collection assembly; 51. Water collection tank; 52. Water pump; 53. Nozzle; 54. Filter plate; 6. Rainwater measuring box; 61. Telescopic door; 62. Second water level sensor; 321. Shock absorber; 322. Wind shield; 3211. Spring; 3212. Damping pad; 12. Slope adjustment assembly; 121. Telescopic rod; 122. Fixed rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] A specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiment.

[0018] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0019] The present invention is described below by means of several specific embodiments. To keep the following description of the embodiments of the present invention clear and concise, detailed descriptions of known functions and components may be omitted. When any component of an embodiment of the present invention appears in more than one drawing, the component may be represented by the same reference numeral in each drawing.

[0020] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a device for monitoring and sampling soil and water loss on sloping farmland provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2A schematic diagram of the connection of a device for monitoring and sampling soil and water loss on sloping farmland provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A top view of a device for monitoring soil and water loss on sloping farmland provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a collection box provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a weighing platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring box provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a sloping farmland soil and water loss monitoring sampling device, comprising: a collecting trough 1, a diversion component 2, a measuring component 3 and a data recording module 4; the first end of the collecting trough 1 is connected to the slope surface and is provided with a filter 11, and the second end is connected to the diversion component 2; the diversion component 2 includes a main pipe 21 and a diversion branch 22, the main pipe 21 is connected to the second end of the collecting trough 1, the diversion branch 22 is connected to the main pipe 21, and a plurality of diversion branches 22 are provided with valves 221; the measuring component 3 includes: a plurality of measuring boxes 31 and a plurality of weighing The measuring box 31 is provided with a drain outlet 310 at the bottom. The multiple measuring boxes 31 are connected one-to-one with the branch pipes 22. The multiple weighing platforms 32 are fixed one-to-one to the bottom of the multiple measuring boxes 31. The measuring boxes 31 are provided with a drain outlet 310. The data recording module 4 includes a first water level sensor 41, a weighing sensor 42 and a data collector 43. The first water level sensor 41 is fixed in the measuring box 31, the weighing sensor 42 is fixed at the lower end of the weighing platform 32, and the first water level sensor 41 and the weighing sensor 42 are both connected to the data collector 43.

[0022] This device installs the collecting trough 1 at the lower end of the runoff area with the same inclination, so that the sediment carried by the runoff enters the diversion pipe through the guide plate. The diversion pipe first guides the sediment into the first measuring box 31. When the water level sensor detects that the box has reached the highest water level line, the controller automatically closes its corresponding valve 221 and opens the valve 221 of the second measuring box 31, realizing the sequential switching of the measuring boxes 31. After completing the sediment collection, each measuring box 31 enters the static sedimentation stage. Then the system automatically records the water level height and sediment weight data, and empties the measuring box 31 through the bottom drain port 310. Multiple measuring boxes 31 work in a cycle according to the "collection-sedimentation-recording-drainage" process. All monitoring data are stored in real time by the data collector 43, thereby realizing continuous and automated monitoring of soil erosion in sloping farmland. This design has the advantages of continuous automation, real-time data collection, and supports unmanned monitoring. It reduces errors through multi-box parallel connection and static sedimentation technology, and is suitable for test areas of different scales and complex environments. In case of extreme rainfall or excessive rainfall, multiple measuring boxes 31 can be operated simultaneously to ensure data accuracy under rainstorm conditions. Its closed structure improves the reliability and efficiency of soil and water loss monitoring, and provides an efficient solution for sloping farmland ecological assessment and disaster warning.

[0023] When the silt in the measuring box 31 is discharged, some of the silt will remain at the bottom of the box, resulting in errors in subsequent measurement results. To address this situation, the present invention adds a rainwater collection component 5, which uses the collected rainwater to flush the measuring box 31 and flush the retained silt out of the measuring box 31.

[0024] Optional, reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 , and also includes a rainwater collection component 5, which includes: a water collecting tank 51, a water pump 52 and multiple nozzles 53. The water pump 52 is fixed in the water collecting tank 51, and the water pump 52 pumps the rainwater in the water collecting tank 51 to the multiple nozzles 53. The multiple nozzles 53 are distributed in multiple measuring boxes 31.

[0025] When the measuring box 31 completes the sediment measurement and is emptied, the system automatically starts the water pump 52, and sprays the rainwater collected in advance in the water collection tank 51 to the inner wall and bottom of the measuring box 31 through the nozzle 53 at a pressure of 0.2-0.5MPa, forming a rotating water flow to flush the box in all directions. The flushing process lasts for 30-60 seconds to ensure that the residual sediment is completely discharged, and then the water pump 52 is automatically shut down and the flushing water is emptied. Thoroughly remove the residual sediment in the box to eliminate its interference with subsequent measurements; use the collected rainwater to achieve self-cleaning without the need for additional water supply, and link with the measurement process to achieve unattended automatic cleaning; the multi-angle nozzle 53 layout ensures that there are no cleaning dead corners; use natural rainwater to avoid pollution from chemical cleaning agents; modular design facilitates nozzle 53 replacement and pipeline maintenance

[0026] Optional, reference Figure 4 A filter plate 54 is fixed in the water collecting box 51 and is located above the water pump 52 .

[0027] Specifically, the filter plate 54 is made of 304 stainless steel, is precisely welded inside the collection box and is located above the water inlet of the water pump 52, and its aperture is designed to be a square mesh of 0.5 mm×0.5 mm.

[0028] The filter plate 54 effectively intercepts large particles of impurities such as leaves and insects, preventing them from entering the water pump 52 and causing blockage, ensuring the stable operation of the spray system. The unique inclined installation method allows the deposited impurities to slide along the slope to the corner of the collection box to avoid filter blockage. The modular quick-release structure facilitates regular maintenance and cleaning. The corrosion-resistant material ensures long-term reliability. The reasonable aperture design ensures the filtration effect without affecting the water flow rate. The bottom drain outlet 310 of the measuring box 31 is flat, which results in low sediment discharge efficiency and easy sediment retention. Therefore, the present invention makes the bottom drain outlet 310 into a conical structure. Optional, reference Figure 6 The bottom of the measuring box 31 is an asymmetric funnel structure with a conical mouth, and the drain outlet 310 is biased towards one side of the detection box.

[0029] This asymmetric funnel-shaped drainage structure utilizes geometric design and an eccentrically positioned drain outlet 310 to significantly shorten the sediment discharge path and significantly improve drainage efficiency. The swirl effect generated by the integrated spiral effectively reduces sediment residue. The structure utilizes a special composite material that ensures both compressive strength and excellent low-temperature adaptability, maintaining stable performance after long-term cycle testing. The asymmetric layout effectively offsets interference forces during drainage, ensuring accurate weighing data. This design is self-cleaning and highly resistant to clogging, significantly reducing maintenance requirements.

[0030] After measuring the sediment content in the water sample, it is also necessary to know the rainfall at that time. Considering that the official rainfall is the average rainfall over a large area and has certain differences from the rainfall in local areas, the present invention adds a rainfall measurement component.

[0031] Optional, reference Figure 3 A rain measuring box 6 is also provided on one side of the water collecting tank 51 , and a second water level sensor 62 is fixed in the rain measuring box 6 .

[0032] Optional, reference Figure 2 The water inlet of the rain measuring box 6 is fixed with a telescopic door 61.

[0033] The present invention further adds a rainfall measurement component, integrating an independent rain measuring box 6 on the side of the water collecting tank 51 with a built-in second water level sensor 62. The separate design avoids interference from sediment in the main measuring box 31. The water inlet of the rain measuring box 6 is equipped with an electric telescopic door 61 mechanism, which can intelligently adjust the opening size by 30-100% according to the precipitation intensity, achieving a wide range of measurement of 5-200mm / h, effectively solving the overflow problem of heavy rainfall. At the same time, the drain outlet 310 of the rain measuring box 6 is connected to the water collecting tank 51, and the measured rainwater is discharged into the water collecting tank 51. The flushing of the measuring box 31 provides more comprehensive data support for the analysis of soil and water loss patterns. All components adopt a modular design to facilitate maintenance and functional expansion.

[0034] Rain is usually accompanied by strong winds. Strong winds can blow the weighing platform 32 and affect the weighing results. Therefore, the present invention adds a shock-absorbing element 321 to resist the vibration caused by wind or other components, and also adds a wind shield 322 to isolate the impact of wind.

[0035] Optional, reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The weighing platform 32 further includes a shock absorbing element 321 and a wind shield 322 . The shock absorbing element 321 is disposed at the four corners of the bottom of the weighing platform 32 , and the wind shield 322 wraps the multiple weighing platforms 32 .

[0036] Specifically, the wind shield 322 uses a lightweight aluminum alloy frame and a transparent polycarbonate sheet, which not only ensures structural strength but also facilitates observation, and is also provided with a lockable inspection door.

[0037] Optional, reference Figure 2 The shock absorbing element 321 includes: a spring 3211 and a damping pad 3212 . The multiple springs 3211 are fixed under the weighing platform 32 , and a damping pad 3212 is provided between the springs 3211 and the weighing platform 32 .

[0038] The shock-absorbing elements 321 utilize a buffering structure consisting of damping pads 3212 and a stainless steel coil spring 3211 base. They are symmetrically mounted at the four corners of the bottom of the weighing platform 32, effectively absorbing vibrations of varying frequencies. The windshield 322, constructed from a lightweight aluminum alloy frame and transparent polycarbonate sheeting, completely encases the multiple weighing platforms 32 and features a lockable access door. This design, through both mechanical buffering and physical isolation, eliminates wind-induced interference and minimizes weighing errors, ensuring stable operation in harsh weather conditions such as high winds, rain, and snow. All components are treated with rust and corrosion protection, and the modular design ensures both durability in field conditions and eases transportation and maintenance.

[0039] The collecting trough 1 needs to be installed in cultivated land with different slopes, and needs to be manually adjusted multiple times when adapting to different slopes. The present invention adds a slope adjustment component 12 to reduce the difficulty of adapting to the slope.

[0040] Optional, reference Figure 1 The collecting trough 1 is provided with a slope adjustment component 12, which includes: a telescopic rod 121 and a fixed rod 122, the fixed rod 122 is fixed on the ground, the first end of the telescopic rod 121 is connected to the collecting trough 1, and the second end is connected to the fixed rod 122, the number of the telescopic rod 121 and the fixed rod 122 are both two, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the collecting trough 1.

[0041] The present invention effectively solves the problem that the traditional collecting trough 1 needs to be repeatedly manually adjusted when installed on farmland with different slopes by symmetrically arranging the slope adjustment assembly 12 composed of a telescopic rod 121 and a fixed rod 122 on both sides of the collecting trough 1. In specific implementation, the two fixed rods 122 are fixed to the ground, and the two telescopic rods 121 are respectively connected to the collecting trough 1 and the fixed rods 122. By synchronously adjusting the length of the telescopic rods 121, any farmland slope within the range of 0-30° can be matched. This design has the advantages of easy operation, precise adjustment, strong adaptability, stable structure and cost-effectiveness. It not only realizes the rapid adaptation of the slope of the collecting trough 1, but also ensures the stability of the installation and the accuracy of the measurement data, significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of soil and water loss monitoring on sloping farmland.

[0042] The above inventions are only several specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring soil and water loss on sloping farmland, characterized in that: include: A collecting tank (1), a flow distribution component (2), a measuring component (3) and a data recording module (4); The collecting trough (1) has a first end connected to the slope and provided with a filter screen (11), and a second end connected to the diversion assembly (2); The diversion assembly (2) comprises a main pipeline (21) and diversion branches (22), the main pipeline (21) is connected to the second end of the collecting tank (1), the diversion branches (22) are connected to the main pipeline (21), and valves (221) are provided on the plurality of diversion branches (22); The measuring assembly (3) comprises: a plurality of measuring boxes (31) and a plurality of weighing platforms (32); a drain outlet (310) is provided at the bottom of the measuring box (31); the plurality of measuring boxes (31) are connected to the branch pipes (22) in a one-to-one correspondence; and the plurality of weighing platforms (32) are fixed to the bottom of the plurality of measuring boxes (31) in a one-to-one correspondence; The data recording module (4) comprises a first water level sensor (41), a weighing sensor (42) and a data collector (43); the first water level sensor (41) is fixed in the measuring box (31); the weighing sensor (42) is fixed at the lower end of the weighing platform (32); and the first water level sensor (41) and the weighing sensor (42) are both connected to the data collector (43).

2. The sloping farmland soil and water loss monitoring sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further comprises a rainwater collection assembly (5), the rainwater collection assembly (5) comprising: a water collection tank (51), a water pump (52) and a plurality of nozzles (53), the water pump (52) being fixed in the water collection tank (51), the water pump (52) pumping rainwater in the water collection tank (51) to the plurality of nozzles (53), and the plurality of nozzles (53) being distributed in the plurality of measuring boxes (31).

3. The sloping farmland soil and water loss monitoring sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A filter plate (54) is fixed in the water collecting box (51), and the filter plate (54) is located above the water pump (52).

4. The sloping farmland soil and water loss monitoring sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the measuring box (31) is an asymmetric funnel structure, and the drainage port (310) is biased towards a side wall of the measuring box (31).

5. The sloping farmland soil and water loss monitoring sampling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A rain measuring box (6) is also provided on one side of the water collecting box (51), and a second water level sensor (62) is fixed in the rain measuring box (6).

6. The device for monitoring soil and water loss on sloping farmland according to claim 5, characterized in that: A telescopic door (61) is fixed to the water inlet of the rain measuring box (6).

7. The device for monitoring soil and water loss on sloping farmland as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The weighing platform (32) further includes a plurality of shock absorbing elements (321) and a wind shield (322), wherein the plurality of shock absorbing elements (321) are arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the weighing platform (32), and the wind shield (322) wraps the plurality of weighing platforms (32).

8. The device for monitoring soil and water loss on sloping farmland according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shock absorbing element (321) comprises: a spring (3211) and a damping pad (3212); a plurality of the springs (3211) are fixed below the weighing platform (32); and a damping pad (3212) is provided between the springs (3211) and the weighing platform (32).

9. The device for monitoring soil and water loss on sloping farmland according to claim 7, characterized in that: The collecting trough (1) is provided with a slope adjustment assembly (12), and the slope adjustment assembly (12) comprises: a telescopic rod (121) and a fixed rod (122), wherein the fixed rod (122) is fixed on the ground, a first end of the telescopic rod (121) is connected to the collecting trough (1), and a second end is connected to the fixed rod (122), and the number of the telescopic rod (121) and the fixed rod (122) are both two, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the collecting trough (1).

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