Photovoltaic turn-off emitter control method, system and device

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic turn-off emitter control method, system and device, and belongs to the technical field of distributed photovoltaic power generation. Comprising the following steps: connecting N transmitters to the same communication bus; each transmitter monitors whether the bus is in an idle state or not; when the communication bus is in a non-idle state, the to-be-requested transmitter continues to monitor the communication bus until the communication bus is in an idle state; when the communication bus is in an idle state, judging whether n transmitters simultaneously initiate transmission requests or not; if not, the transmitter to be requested directly sends a transmission request signal; otherwise, triggering a bus competition signal; according to the bus competition signal, the n emitters output own operation data; according to the operation data, calculating an optimal transmitter wave transmitting sequence and acquiring the signal receiving capability of each transmitter; and according to the signal receiving capability, wave transmitting parameters of each transmitter are adjusted. According to the invention, the signal crosstalk is effectively prevented from interfering with the receiving of the turn-off device, and the stability and reliability of the turn-off operation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of distributed photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method, system and device. Background Art

[0002] In photovoltaic systems, photovoltaic circuit breakers are important safety devices used to quickly cut off the power supply to photovoltaic modules in emergencies, failures, or when maintenance is required, thereby eliminating DC high voltage and returning the system to a non-hazardous state, ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a PV string consists of PV cells connected in series, each of which is connected to a PV module and a PV disconnector. The transmitter periodically sends a disconnect signal (e.g., every 1ms). Upon receiving the disconnect signal, the PV disconnector connects the PV module to the system. If it does not receive the disconnect signal from the transmitter, the PV disconnector disconnects the PV module from the system by controlling the MOSFET.

[0003] However, in actual operation, each transmitter corresponds to a different PV string. Since transmitters send signals (i.e., PLC signals) via power lines, and the power lines between adjacent PV strings are generally very close (for example, multiple transmitters under the same inverter or transmitters on inverters that are close together), strong signal coupling, or crosstalk, can easily occur. When transmitters send signals simultaneously or their transmission times overlap, crosstalk can cause the signals sent by the transmitters to interfere with each other, resulting in the circuit breaker being unable to accurately receive the signal, seriously affecting its normal operation.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, in the prior art, referring to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, transmitter A is set as the master transmitter. After master transmitter A sends a shutdown signal, it sends a signal to transmitter B to inform transmitter B that it has completed its transmission task. Subsequently, after receiving the signal from transmitter A, transmitter B begins sending a shutdown signal and, when it is complete, sends a signal to the next transmitter. Similarly, with transmitter A as the master transmitter and transmitters B through E as slave transmitters, they will send shutdown signals in a predetermined order. For example, if the transmitters send signals at a fixed interval, transmitters A through E will complete their shutdown signals in sequence within that interval.

[0005] However, this solution has significant drawbacks. First, since transmission is done sequentially, if a transmitter fails and is unable to send or receive signals, subsequent transmitters will also be unable to properly send shutdown signals. Second, if the primary transmitter fails, all transmitters will also be unable to properly send shutdown signals. Therefore, if a transmitter fails or requires maintenance, the corresponding transmitters in the next level will be unable to send shutdown signals, seriously affecting the normal operation of the photovoltaic system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art that the shut-off device cannot accurately receive the signal due to signal crosstalk between transmitters, and that the failure or maintenance of a single transmitter under the existing sequential transmission method will cause the subsequent transmitters to be unable to send the shutdown signal normally, thereby seriously affecting the normal operation of the photovoltaic system.

[0007] In a first aspect, to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method, comprising:

[0008] Connecting N transmitters to the same communication bus; each transmitter monitoring whether the communication bus is in an idle state; when the communication bus is in a non-idle state, the transmitter to be requested continues to monitor the communication bus until the communication bus is in an idle state; wherein N is a positive integer greater than 0;

[0009] When the communication bus is in an idle state, determining whether there are n transmitters that initiate transmission requests at the same time; if not, the transmitter to be requested directly sends a transmission request signal; otherwise, triggering a bus contention signal; wherein n is a positive integer, satisfying 1<n≤N;

[0010] According to the bus contention signal, the n transmitters output their own operating data;

[0011] An optimal wave transmission sequence is calculated according to the operating data; and the n transmitters transmit waves in sequence according to the optimal wave transmission sequence.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of the n transmitters outputting their own operating data according to the bus contention signal is:

[0013] S210, receiving the bus contention signal, and sending a self-checking flag to each transmitter;

[0014] S220, the transmitter to be requested receives the self-test flag, performs a self-test check, and sends a self-test response feedback flag;

[0015] S230, recording the number of the self-test response feedback flags; comparing the number with a preset value to obtain a comparison result;

[0016] S240: Determine whether to send a running flag based on the comparison result.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S230, when the comparison result is that the number is less than the preset value, it is determined whether the transmitter to be requested is online; if so, a running flag is sent; otherwise, the process returns to S210;

[0018] When the comparison result shows that the number is not less than the preset value, a running flag is sent.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, an optimal transmission sequence is calculated based on the operating data; and the steps of the n transmitters transmitting the waves in sequence according to the optimal transmission sequence are as follows:

[0020] S410, the n transmitters output their own first operation data;

[0021] S420, starting a neural network model, inputting the first operation data into the neural network model, and calculating the first optimal wave sequence;

[0022] S430, the n transmitters transmit waves according to the first optimal wave transmission sequence, and output a wave transmission completion flag and second operation data;

[0023] S440. Determine whether the transmitter has received a stop sign based on the transmission completion sign. If not, return to S420, input the second operation data into the neural network model, and calculate the second optimal transmission sequence. Otherwise, end the transmission.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, while the n transmitters transmit in sequence according to the optimal transmission order, the process also includes obtaining the signal receiving capability of each transmitter based on each operation data; and adjusting the transmission parameters of each transmitter based on the signal receiving capability.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the operating data includes a string output state, and the signal receiving capability of the transmitter is determined based on the string output state.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, adjusting the transmission parameters of each transmitter according to the signal receiving capability includes:

[0027] For transmitters with better signal reception capabilities, extend the wave transmission period and reduce the number of wave transmissions; for transmitters with weaker signal reception capabilities, increase the wave transmission frequency and continuous time.

[0028] In a second aspect, to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control system, comprising:

[0029] A connection module, used for connecting N transmitters to the same communication bus; wherein N is a positive integer greater than 0;

[0030] A state monitoring module is configured for each transmitter to monitor whether the communication bus is in an idle state; when the communication bus is in a non-idle state, the transmitter to be requested continues to monitor the communication bus until the communication bus is in an idle state; when the communication bus is in an idle state, it is determined whether n transmitters simultaneously initiate transmission requests; if not, the transmitter to be requested directly sends a transmission request signal; otherwise, a bus contention signal is triggered; wherein n is a positive integer, satisfying 1<n≤N;

[0031] A data output module, configured to cause the n transmitters to output their own operating data according to the bus competition signal;

[0032] The calculation and control module is used to calculate the optimal wave transmission sequence according to the operation data; the n transmitters transmit waves in sequence according to the optimal wave transmission sequence.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, a host computer is further included, and the host computer and the N transmitters are connected to the same communication bus.

[0034] In a third aspect, in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control device, including the above photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control system.

[0035] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0036] (1) The photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method, system and device described in the present invention improves communication efficiency by connecting multiple transmitters to the same communication bus and enabling them to monitor the bus status. When the bus is detected to be busy, the transmitter will continue to monitor until the bus is idle, effectively preventing signal conflicts and ensuring the order of data transmission. In particular, when multiple transmitters simultaneously detect that the bus is idle and initiate a transmission request, the bus competition mechanism will be triggered to intelligently manage the signal transmission order and reduce crosstalk. Under the guidance of the bus competition signal, each transmitter outputs its operating data, including wave parameters and receiving capabilities. These data are used to calculate the optimal wave sequence and adjust the wave parameters accordingly. This data-based adjustment strategy optimizes resource allocation and improves operating efficiency. In addition, the method can dynamically adjust the wave parameters according to communication needs and environmental changes, and flexibly adapt to the needs of adding transmitters or adjusting configurations. By reducing unnecessary signal transmission, the method also helps to reduce power consumption, improve data processing capabilities, and ensure stable power generation of the photovoltaic system. Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of inaccurate shutdown reception due to signal crosstalk and the impact of single transmitter failure on system operation in the sequential transmission mode.

[0037] (2) The present invention adopts a bus mode, which effectively solves the problem of not affecting the operation of the entire system when any transmitter on the bus fails or goes offline. Through the bus mode, each transmitter is independent of each other. Even if a transmitter fails or goes offline, it will not affect the normal operation of other transmitters, thus ensuring the overall stability and reliability of the shutdown process.

[0038] (3) The present invention solves the problem of transmission contention through a control algorithm. The algorithm can intelligently coordinate the transmission requests of each transmitter, achieve a reasonable allocation of bus resources, prevent contention conflicts, and ensure high efficiency and stability of signal transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the inverter and the photovoltaic string;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of transmitter signal transmission in the prior art;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the transmitter connection structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the topological structure of the connection between the host computer and each transmitter in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 In the preferred embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 A1 enlarged view;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a control logic flow chart in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Explanation of the reference numerals in the specification: 1. Photovoltaic unit; 2. Transmitter; 3. Inverter; 4. Photovoltaic module; 5. Host computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Reference Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method, including but not limited to the following steps:

[0051] S1. Connect N transmitters to the same communication bus; each transmitter monitors whether the communication bus is in an idle state; when the communication bus is in a non-idle state, the transmitter to be requested continues to monitor the communication bus until the communication bus is in an idle state; wherein N is a positive integer greater than 0;

[0052] S2. When the communication bus is in an idle state, determine whether there are n transmitters that initiate transmission requests at the same time; if not, the transmitter to be requested directly sends a transmission request signal; otherwise, trigger a bus contention signal; where n is a positive integer, satisfying 1<n≤N;

[0053] S3. According to the bus competition signal, n transmitters output their own operating data;

[0054] S4. Calculate the optimal transmission sequence based on the operating data; and n transmitters transmit waves in sequence according to the optimal transmission sequence.

[0055] In step S4, the process also includes obtaining the signal receiving capability of each transmitter according to each operation data; and adjusting the transmission parameters of each transmitter according to the signal receiving capability.

[0056] Embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic transmitter shutdown control method. This method improves communication efficiency by connecting multiple transmitters to the same communication bus and having each transmitter monitor the bus status. When the communication bus is detected as non-idle, waiting transmitters continue monitoring until the bus becomes idle. This process effectively avoids signal conflicts and ensures orderly data transmission. Specifically, when multiple transmitters simultaneously detect the bus as idle and initiate transmission requests, a bus contention mechanism is triggered, intelligently managing the signal transmission order and reducing signal crosstalk. Guided by the bus contention signal, each transmitter outputs its own operating data, including its transmission parameters and receiving capabilities. This data is used to calculate the optimal transmission sequence and adjust each transmitter's transmission parameters accordingly. This data-driven adjustment strategy not only optimizes resource allocation but also improves overall operational efficiency. Furthermore, by dynamically adjusting transmission parameters, this method allows for flexible adjustments based on actual communication needs and environmental changes, such as adding more transmitters or adjusting the configuration of existing transmitters. By reducing unnecessary signal transmission, this method also helps reduce device power consumption, improves data processing capabilities, and ensures stable power generation in the photovoltaic system. In view of the above description, the embodiments of the present invention effectively solve the defects that the shut-off device cannot accurately receive signals due to signal crosstalk between transmitters, and the failure or maintenance of a single transmitter under the existing sequential transmission method will cause subsequent transmitters to be unable to send shutdown signals normally, thereby seriously affecting the normal operation of the photovoltaic system.

[0057] Specifically, taking the photovoltaic system as an example, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the transmitter operates as follows: a PV string consists of multiple PV cells 1 connected in series. Each PV cell 1 is connected to a photovoltaic module 4 (PV) and a PV disconnector. The PV disconnector is internally connected to a control circuit and controller, which controls the connection between the PV module 4 and the system. During system operation, the transmitter periodically sends a disconnection signal, for example, every 1 millisecond. Upon receiving these disconnection signals, the PV disconnector controls the MOSFET to connect the PV module 4 to the system. If the PV disconnector does not receive the disconnection signal from the transmitter, it controls the MOSFET to disconnect the PV module 4 from the system, thereby shutting down the PV module 4. The inverter 3 is connected to the first and last PV cells 1.

[0058] It should be noted that in Figure 1 To simplify the diagram, the first PV unit is labeled PV unit 1, PV module 4 is labeled PV1, and the PV circuit breaker is labeled PV circuit breaker 1. The circuit breaker circuit and controller are labeled circuit breaker 1 and controller 1, respectively. Similar labeling is used for the other PV units (the second PV unit through the yth PV unit).

[0059] Specifically, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in step S1, each transmitter is connected to the same communication bus, with equal status and no master-slave distinction. This communication bus can be implemented using a communication method similar to the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, a serial communication protocol suitable for multi-master architectures that meets the communication requirements between transmitters. Through the CAN bus, each transmitter can efficiently transmit data (or signals) while maintaining overall operational stability and anti-interference capabilities.

[0060] Furthermore, each transmitter continuously monitors the communication bus to determine whether it is idle. When the communication bus is idle, it determines whether multiple transmitters are simultaneously initiating transmission requests. If so, a bus contention mechanism is triggered. If the bus is already occupied, the new requesting transmitter waits until the communication bus is idle again before sending a signal.

[0061] Specifically, if the bus is idle at a certain moment, multiple transmitters will compete simultaneously. At this time, they can send signals based on the size of their respective identifiers. The identifier indicates the order in which multiple transmitters send signals when competing simultaneously. The identifier can be the transmitter's MAC address (MAC addresses are unique) or randomly generated at power-up (for example, if multiple transmitters do not have identifiers, a random generation is used). In addition, each transmitter sends a shutdown signal periodically, and this periodicity is defined as the first interval.

[0062] For example, the transmitter sends a shutdown signal every 1s, the first interval is 1s, and the duration of each transmission is 100ms. The time from the start of transmission to the start of the next transmission is 1s, and the remaining 900ms can be used for other transmitters to send signals.

[0063] Furthermore, after a transmitter successfully competes and sends a signal, it will not rejoin the competition until the conditions are met. Specifically, if a transmitter starts sending a signal at time t1 and next joins the competition at time t2, it will rejoin the competition only when the value of t2-t1 is greater than or equal to the first interval and the bus is monitored to be idle.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present invention, the transmitter monitors whether the communication bus is idle, so that transmission can be carried out at different times, avoiding crosstalk between signals. In addition, the transmitters are not prioritized, and even if an abnormality occurs in one transmitter, it will not affect the other transmitters.

[0065] Further, refer to Figure 4As shown, N transmitters are connected to the same communication bus and are also connected to a host computer 5. The role of the host computer 5 is to coordinate the transmitters to transmit signals at different time points to avoid signal conflicts and optimize communication efficiency. When the expected reply signal is not received, the host computer 5 will continue to send signals at a preset period until a reply signal is received. Once the reply signal is received, the host computer 5 will pause for a certain period of time and then continue to send signals according to the periodic plan. For the transmitters, after sending the shutdown signal at the current moment, they will wait to receive the signal sent by the host computer 5 at the next moment. Only when the interval between the next moment and the current moment reaches or exceeds the preset first interval will the transmitter reply and send a new shutdown signal. This design ensures the orderly transmission of signals while also providing flexibility and stability for the system.

[0066] For example, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the host computer 5 coordinates the transmitter to send signals at different time points. The specific process is as follows: the host computer 5 sends a signal to the first transmitter ( Figure 4 The first transmitter (represented as transmitter 1) sends a signal, the first transmitter replies and starts to send a shutdown signal; after receiving the reply signal, the host computer 5 waits until the first transmitter completes sending the shutdown signal. It should be noted that the first transmitter continues to send the signal for a fixed time, so the waiting time is also fixed and preset. Once the signal of the first transmitter is sent, the host computer 5 will send a signal to the second transmitter ( Figure 4 In the figure, transmitter 2 is represented as a signal instruction. After receiving the instruction, the second transmitter will reply to the host computer 5 and immediately start the process of sending its shutdown signal. This process will be repeated in sequence until all remaining transmitters have completed the signal transmission in order. Among them, the host computer 5 can store the identifier of each transmitter and carry the identifier information when sending the signal. After the transmitter receives and matches the identifier information, it replies to the signal and sends the shutdown signal. In addition, when the host computer 5 sends a signal to a certain transmitter, if the transmitter does not reply within a preset time (for example, 10ms), the host computer 5 will send a signal to the next transmitter. If the host computer 5 does not receive a reply signal, it will continue to send signals at a preset period. When a reply signal is received, it will wait for a certain period of time and then send periodically.

[0067] Furthermore, the communication mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention can adopt the RS-485 bus communication mode. RS-485 is a serial communication protocol suitable for industrial environments, supporting multi-point communication and long-distance transmission, and is suitable for such situations where multiple transmitters need to work in coordination. By adopting the RS-485 bus, efficient and reliable data transmission can be achieved while maintaining low electromagnetic interference and high anti-interference ability. In addition, referring to Figures 5 and 6The figure shows the topological structure between a host computer 5 and multiple transmitters. The host computer 5 acts as a central control unit, directly connected to multiple transmitters operating in parallel. This design facilitates precise control and coordination of the transmitters. In this embodiment of the present invention, the host computer 5 enables the transmitters to transmit signals at different times. Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of A1 in Figure 1 shows multiple photovoltaic panels (PV panels) connected in parallel, each connected to a circuit module. Each circuit module contains a diode and an inductor. The symbols (Dc+) and (Dc-) represent the positive and negative terminals of the PV module 4 (which represents AC power); the symbols (PV+) and (PV-) represent the positive and negative input terminals of the PV optimizer (which are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the PV module 4, respectively); and the symbols (OUT+) and (OUT-) represent the positive and negative output terminals of the PV optimizer. These output terminals are connected in series with other PV optimizers and ultimately to the PV inverter. The output of each circuit module is connected to a voltmeter (marked with V) to measure the output voltage. The diagram also includes a PV inverter connected to the negative terminal of the load, likely used to convert DC power to AC power for the load. Resistors are located at the output terminals of the PV panels, connected in parallel with the panels. These components work together to convert the DC power generated by the PV panels and deliver it to the load.

[0068] Each transmitter monitors the communication bus status to determine whether it is idle. If the communication bus is detected to be idle, multiple transmitters may simultaneously attempt to initiate transmission requests, triggering bus contention. Similarly, bus contention can occur when multiple transmitters need to process and transmit bursts of data. This can lead to conflicts and delays in data transmission, impacting the overall communication efficiency and reliability. Therefore, to effectively address this issue, embodiments of the present invention propose a communication management mechanism. This mechanism uses an intelligent scheduling algorithm to optimize transmitter access to bus resources, thereby reducing or avoiding contention conflicts.

[0069] Specifically, in steps S3 and S4, according to the bus contention signal, n transmitters output their own operating data; based on the operating data, the optimal wave transmission sequence is calculated; and the n transmitters sequentially transmit waves to the switch according to the optimal wave transmission sequence. The specific steps of the n transmitters sequentially transmitting waves to the switch according to the optimal wave transmission sequence are:

[0070] S410 , n transmitters output their own first operation data.

[0071] S420: Start the neural network model, input the first operation data into the neural network model, and calculate the first optimal wave sequence.

[0072] S430 , n transmitters transmit waves according to the first optimal wave transmitting sequence, and output a wave transmitting completion flag and second operation data.

[0073] S440. Determine whether the transmitter has received a stop sign based on the transmission completion sign. If not, return to step S420, input the second operation data into the neural network model, and calculate the second optimal transmission sequence. Otherwise, end the transmission.

[0074] Steps S410 to S420, through the application of a neural network model, dynamically optimize the transmitter transmission sequence, thereby improving overall control efficiency and performance. This optimization reduces conflicts and interference between transmitters, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of data transmission. Furthermore, this dynamic adjustment capability enhances its flexibility and adaptability in practical applications, enabling it to better cope with diverse operating conditions and environmental changes. Furthermore, by rationally arranging the transmission sequence, this method enables more efficient utilization of communication resources, which not only reduces energy consumption but also helps extend the life of the device.

[0075] Specifically, in combination with step S410 to step S420, and referring to Figure 7 As shown in the following content, when the system receives a signal that triggers bus contention, the specific steps to resolve the bus contention problem are:

[0076] Step 1: The host computer 5 broadcasts a self-test flag to all connected transmitters, thereby notifying all transmitters to perform self-test.

[0077] Step 2: After receiving the self-test command, the transmitter performs a self-test, including checking key operating parameters such as hardware status and communication functions. After the self-test is completed, the transmitter sends the self-test result to the host computer 5 by sending a self-test response feedback flag (such as "OK" for successful self-test or "ERROR" for failed self-test).

[0078] Step 3: The host computer 5 records the number f of transmitters that have completed self-test, compares f with the preset value k, and obtains the comparison result. The preset value represents the number of transmitters that should complete self-test. Based on the comparison result, it determines whether to send the operation flag. The specific judgment process is as follows:

[0079] If the number f reaches or exceeds the preset value k, go to step 4. If the number f is less than the preset value k, the host computer 5 will continue to check whether the transmitter is online. If it is found that the transmitter is not online, the host computer 5 will broadcast the self-test flag again, add 1 to the number of transmitters that have completed the self-test, and then return to step 1. Figure 7 The h indicates the number of transmitters that have completed the self-test. When the transmitter is online, step 4 will be performed.

[0080] Step 4: The host computer 5 broadcasts the running flag to formally notify all transmitters to enter the data acquisition mode.

[0081] Step 5: The transmitter performs the first round of data collection tasks according to the instructions of the host computer 5 and collects its own first operation data. After the collection is completed, the transmitter uploads the first operation data to the host computer 5.

[0082] Step 6: The host computer 5 receives and verifies the data uploaded by the transmitter, discarding any abnormal data (such as data that has timed out or failed verification). The host computer 5 can calculate the optimal execution order based on control algorithms such as priority and load balancing. In this embodiment of the present invention, the control algorithm is preferably a neural network algorithm. The neural network model is used to calculate the optimal transmitter logical operation sequence flag, thereby intelligently adjusting the transmission time sequence of each transmitter to ensure reliable and continuous operation of each transmitter.

[0083] Exemplarily, the steps of calculating the optimal transmitter logic operation sequence flag by the neural network algorithm are:

[0084] Step 6-1: Collect transmitter operational data, including physical ID, transmission sequence number, number of valid consecutive transmissions, number of valid non-consecutive transmissions, transmission time, and maximum allowable transmission interval. Preprocess the operational data using methods such as normalization or standardization to improve model training efficiency and accuracy.

[0085] Step 6-2: Determine the input layer of the neural network model, which contains six eigenvalues: the transmitter's physical number k1; the transmitter's most recent transmission sequence number n1; the transmitter's most recent valid number of continuous transmissions a; the transmitter's most recent valid number of non-continuous transmissions b; the transmitter's most recent transmission time t1; and the transmitter's maximum allowable transmission interval t2.

[0086] Furthermore, the hidden layer of the neural network model is designed, including one or more hidden layers, and each hidden layer includes a certain number of neurons.

[0087] Furthermore, the output layer of the neural network model is designed. The number of neurons in the output layer depends on the number of output categories. For example, if the output is a binary classification problem, the output layer has one neuron.

[0088] Step 6-3: Select an activation function for the hidden layer, such as ReLU; select an activation function for the output layer, such as sigmoid (for binary classification problems) or softmax (for multi-classification problems). Select the corresponding loss function, such as binary_crossentropy (for binary classification problems) or categorical_crossentropy (for multi-classification problems).

[0089] Step 6-4: Select an optimizer, such as Adam or SGD (stochastic gradient descent). Integrate the loss function, optimizer, and evaluation metrics (such as accuracy) into the model.

[0090] Step 6-5: Train the neural network model using the collected data. Set the number of training rounds and batch size. During training, the model will learn the relationship between the feature values ​​and the order in which the transmitters emit waves.

[0091] Step 6-6: Evaluate the performance of the model using the validation or test set. Check the model's loss and accuracy to determine if the model needs further tuning.

[0092] Steps 6-7: Feed the new input data into the trained model, and the neural network model will output the predicted transmitter wave sequence. Based on the output of the neural network model, the optimal transmitter logic operation sequence flag is determined.

[0093] Step 7: The host computer 5 issues the second round of operation logic sequence based on the obtained new logic operation sequence flag. The transmitter runs according to the new sequence and uploads the operation data to the host computer 5.

[0094] Step 8: The host computer 5 determines whether the transmitter has received a stop sign. If so, the process ends. If not, the process returns to step 6, where the host computer 5 sends a new instruction or enters the next cycle as needed.

[0095] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the ranking control logic of the host computer 5 for the transmitter is:

[0096] First, ensure that each photovoltaic circuit breaker controlled by the transmitter receives at least one valid signal flag per second to determine the validity of the signal. When the photovoltaic circuit breaker receives multiple (such as two) valid signals in succession, it will trigger the circuit breaker to open and remain in the open state. This state can be maintained within a preset time (for example, 10 seconds). If two consecutive valid signals are not received again within this period, the circuit breaker will determine that the signal is lost and enter shutdown mode. This mechanism ensures the continuous valid signal required for stable power generation of the photovoltaic system. In addition, within one second, the transmitter can send a maximum of multiple signals (for example, 5 times) to adapt to different communication requirements and system loads.

[0097] Next, the host computer 5 collects the relevant transmission parameters of the transmitters. For transmitters with good signal reception capabilities, it uses their effective hold time to adjust the delay and reduce the number of transmissions, extending the transmission cycle to avoid triggering unnecessary shutdowns or discontinuous activations. A transmitter with strong signal reception capability refers to one whose signal transmission results in a good reception capability for the circuit breaker in the corresponding PV string. This can be determined by the output status of the PV string. For transmitters with weak signal reception capabilities, the transmission frequency and duration are increased to ensure continuous and reliable system operation.

[0098] For example, to determine signal reception capability, the host computer 5 can use transmitter feedback on string output status, such as power, voltage, and current parameters, to determine signal reception capability. Based on this determination, the host computer 5 dynamically adjusts transmission parameters. Specifically, for transmitters with good signal reception capability, the transmission cycle is extended and the number of transmissions is reduced. For transmitters with poor signal reception capability, the transmission frequency and duration are increased.

[0099] Furthermore, for abnormal transmitters, the host computer 5 attempts to restore them to normal through multiple adjustments. If the transmitter still cannot be continuously and effectively opened after exceeding the upper limit of the algorithm adjustment, the system will automatically block the transmitter and report the abnormal information of the transmitter.

[0100] Furthermore, in terms of power consumption management, when the photovoltaic system is in a relatively stable state, the frequency of wave transmission can be appropriately reduced to reduce the power consumption of the transmitter and achieve energy efficiency optimization.

[0101] The embodiments of this invention utilize a bus model, effectively addressing the physical issue of ensuring that the failure or offline status of any transmitter on the bus does not affect the operation of the entire photovoltaic system. This bus model ensures that each transmitter is independent of the others, so even if one transmitter fails or goes offline, it will not affect the normal operation of other transmitters, thus ensuring the overall stability and reliability of the photovoltaic system.

[0102] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention address the issue of transmission contention through a control algorithm. During PV system operation, each transmitter monitors the bus's active state in real time. When the bus is idle, multiple transmitters may simultaneously initiate transmission requests, triggering bus contention. Furthermore, bus contention may arise when multiple transmitters need to process bursts of data for transmission. To address these situations, the control algorithm effectively coordinates the transmission requests of each transmitter, rationally allocates bus resources, and avoids contention, thereby ensuring efficient and stable signal transmission.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control system, the principle of which is similar to the photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method provided in the first embodiment, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0105] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control system, including:

[0106] A connection module, used for connecting N transmitters to the same communication bus; wherein N is a positive integer greater than 0;

[0107] The state monitoring module is used for each transmitter to monitor whether the communication bus is in an idle state; when the communication bus is in a non-idle state, the transmitter to be requested continues to monitor the communication bus until the communication bus is in an idle state; when the communication bus is in an idle state, it is determined whether there are n transmitters that simultaneously initiate transmission requests; if not, the transmitter to be requested directly sends a transmission request signal; otherwise, a bus contention signal is triggered; where n is a positive integer, satisfying 1<n≤N;

[0108] The data output module is used for n transmitters to output their own operating data according to the bus competition signal;

[0109] The calculation and control module is used to calculate the optimal wave transmission sequence according to the operating data; the n transmitters transmit waves in sequence according to the optimal wave transmission sequence.

[0110] Furthermore, the photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control system further includes a host computer 5 , and the host computer 5 and the N transmitters are connected to the same communication bus.

[0111] Example 3

[0112] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control device, including a photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control system provided in the second embodiment.

[0113] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0114] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the steps in the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0115] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0116] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0117] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method, characterized in that: include: Connect N transmitters to the same communication bus; Each of the transmitters monitors whether the communication bus is in an idle state; When the communication bus is in a non-idle state, the transmitter to be requested continues to monitor the communication bus until the communication bus is in an idle state; Wherein N is a positive integer greater than 0; When the communication bus is in an idle state, determining whether there are n transmitters that initiate transmission requests at the same time; if not, the transmitter to be requested directly sends a transmission request signal; otherwise, triggering a bus contention signal; wherein n is a positive integer, satisfying 1<n≤N; According to the bus contention signal, the n transmitters output their own operating data; An optimal wave transmission sequence is calculated according to the operating data; and the n transmitters transmit waves in sequence according to the optimal wave transmission sequence.

2. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the bus contention signal, the steps of the n transmitters outputting their own operating data are: S210, receiving the bus contention signal, and sending a self-checking flag to each transmitter; S220, the transmitter to be requested receives the self-test flag, performs a self-test check, and sends a self-test response feedback flag; S230, recording the number of the self-test response feedback flags; comparing the number with a preset value to obtain a comparison result; S240: Determine whether to send a running flag based on the comparison result.

3. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the S230, when the comparison result is that the number is less than the preset value, it is determined whether the transmitter to be requested is online; if so, a running flag is sent; otherwise, the process returns to the S210; When the comparison result shows that the number is not less than the preset value, a running flag is sent.

4. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the operating data, an optimal transmission sequence is calculated; and the steps of the n transmitters transmitting the waves in sequence according to the optimal transmission sequence are as follows: S410, the n transmitters output their own first operation data; S420, starting a neural network model, inputting the first operation data into the neural network model, and calculating the first optimal wave sequence; S430, the n transmitters transmit waves according to the first optimal wave transmission sequence, and output a wave transmission completion flag and second operation data; S440. Determine whether the transmitter has received a stop sign based on the transmission completion sign. If not, return to S420, input the second operation data into the neural network model, and calculate the second optimal transmission sequence. Otherwise, end the transmission.

5. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: While the n transmitters transmit waves in sequence according to the optimal transmission order, the method also includes obtaining the signal receiving capability of each transmitter based on each operation data; and adjusting the transmission parameters of each transmitter based on the signal receiving capability.

6. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The operating data includes the string output status, and the signal receiving capability of the transmitter is determined based on the string output status.

7. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control method according to claim 5, characterized in that ,According to the signal receiving capability, adjusting the transmission parameters of each transmitter includes: For transmitters with strong signal receiving capabilities, extend the wave transmission period and reduce the number of wave transmissions; for transmitters with weak signal receiving capabilities, increase the wave transmission frequency and continuous time.

8. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control system, characterized in that: include: A connection module, used for connecting N transmitters to the same communication bus; Wherein N is a positive integer greater than 0; a state monitoring module, configured for each transmitter to monitor whether the communication bus is in an idle state; When the communication bus is in a non-idle state, the transmitter to be requested continues to monitor the communication bus until the communication bus is in an idle state; when the communication bus is in an idle state, it is determined whether there are n transmitters that simultaneously initiate transmission requests; if not, the transmitter to be requested directly sends a transmission request signal; otherwise, a bus contention signal is triggered; wherein n is a positive integer, satisfying 1<n≤N; A data output module, configured to cause the n transmitters to output their own operating data according to the bus competition signal; The calculation and control module is used to calculate the optimal wave transmission sequence according to the operation data; the n transmitters transmit waves in sequence according to the optimal wave transmission sequence.

9. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a host computer, which is connected to the same communication bus as the N transmitters.

10. A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control device, characterized in that: A photovoltaic shutdown transmitter control system comprising any one of claims 8 to 9.

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