Automatic opening system for oil and gas well fracturing channels

Abstract

The application discloses an oil and gas well fracturing channel automatic opening system, which comprises a soluble shuttle dart, and the soluble shuttle dart comprises a control cavity shell which is a cylinder with grooves on both end faces, a control cavity cover is embedded at one end of the control cavity shell, a piston is attached to the groove on the other end face, a support ring is sleeved on the piston, the end of the piston away from the control cavity shell is embedded into a liquid cavity shell, a liquid cavity cover is embedded on the liquid cavity shell, a rubber ring, a lower C ring and an upper C ring are sequentially sleeved on the liquid cavity shell; the soluble shuttle dart is matched with a fracturing sliding sleeve, and a limiting ring and a locking C ring are arranged at both ends of the fracturing sliding sleeve. The oil and gas well fracturing channel automatic opening system can realize automatic opening of the fracturing sliding sleeve, after the soluble shuttle dart reaches the fracturing sliding sleeve to be opened, a total processor sends a starting signal, the outer diameter of the soluble shuttle dart is increased after starting, the soluble shuttle dart can be firmly seated in the fracturing sliding sleeve, and the fracturing sliding sleeve is opened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of downhole fracturing equipment and relates to an automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of oil and gas fields and the continuous consumption of energy, unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale gas, tight gas, and coalbed methane will become important successors to future oil and gas resources. However, due to the low porosity and ultra-low permeability characteristics of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, staged multi-stage fracturing is necessary to achieve production capacity. Therefore, staged multi-stage fracturing is the preferred stage for unconventional oil and gas reservoir stimulation and effectively increasing single-well production, and its role is becoming increasingly apparent. One of the mainstream technologies for staged multi-stage fracturing is to use a fracturing sliding sleeve during cementing to open the casing orifice, forming a channel for fracturing fluid to enter the formation. Currently, the relatively mature full-bore unlimited-stage fracturing sliding sleeve technology can achieve unlimited-stage, layered fracturing, with the full bore providing the channel required for high-volume fracturing.

[0003] The patent applications with publication number "CN114427418B" (published on May 3, 2022) and titled "A Dedicated Switching Tool for a Full-Diameter Fracturing Slide Sleeve with No Limitation on Grade" and "CN114427419B" (published on May 3, 2022) and titled "A Fracturing Completion String for Full-Diameter Oil and Gas Wells with No Limitation on Grade" both utilize the adjustment of the password groove setting parameters of the fracturing slide sleeve to complete the encoding in each fracturing layer in the completion string. At the same time, a password block corresponding to the password groove is set for the dedicated switching tool, so that the dedicated switching tool can only open the slide sleeve with the matching password, thus realizing the fracturing operation. The patent applications with publication number "CN116263082A" (published on June 16, 2023) and title "A Full-bore Infinite-level Soluble Spear Fracturing Sleeve" and publication number "CN114198078A" (published on March 18, 2022) and title "A Non-linear Guided Infinite-level Full-bore Cementing Sleeve and Its Construction Process" both use a soluble spear as the tool for opening the sleeve. By setting a key on the soluble spear that matches the keyway of the sleeve to be opened, the opening of a specific sleeve can be achieved.

[0004] The aforementioned invention patents all employ a mechanical method, achieving the opening of the sliding sleeve by matching the key on the opening tool with the keyway on the sliding sleeve through mechanical structure. However, the presence of impurities in the wellbore can easily alter the mechanical structure of the key and keyway, leading to sliding sleeve opening failure. Furthermore, different keyways and keys need to be designed and manufactured for each level of sliding sleeve and all opening tools. The keyway of each level of sliding sleeve also needs to match the key of the corresponding opening tool, while completely preventing it from being opened by other opening tools, resulting in increased costs and cumbersome on-site operations.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies suffer from cumbersome and unreliable procedures for opening fracturing channels in oil and gas wells. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells, which solves the problem that the opening steps for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells are cumbersome and prone to failure in the prior art.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is an automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells, including a soluble spear. The soluble spear includes a control chamber shell, which is a cylinder with grooves on both ends. A control chamber cover is embedded at one end of the control chamber shell, and a piston is fitted into the groove on the other end. A support ring is fitted on the piston. The end of the piston away from the control chamber shell is embedded in a liquid chamber shell, which is fitted with a liquid chamber cover. A rubber ring, a lower C-ring, and an upper C-ring are sequentially fitted on the liquid chamber shell. The soluble spear is equipped with a fracturing sleeve, and a limit ring and a locking C-ring are respectively provided at both ends of the fracturing sleeve.

[0008] The invention is further characterized by:

[0009] A battery is installed in a groove at one end of the control cavity shell connected to the control cavity cover. When the battery is powered on, it is connected to the main control processor, memory, positioning processor, accelerometer, and gyroscope.

[0010] A magnet is embedded in the inner wall of the groove at one end of the control cavity shell connected to the control cavity cover. The positioning processor is connected to the magnetic flux sensor through lead number two. The main control processor is electrically connected to the memory, positioning processor, accelerometer, and gyroscope.

[0011] There is a through hole between the grooves on both ends of the control cavity shell, and a sealing terminal is embedded in the through hole. One end of the sealing terminal is connected to the battery through the No. 1 lead, and the other end of the sealing terminal is connected to the electric detonator through the electric detonator ignition wire.

[0012] The piston is a cylindrical body with through holes between its two ends. The piston is embedded in the through hole at one end of the control chamber housing, where an electric detonator compartment is installed. The end of the electric detonator compartment closest to the control chamber housing is fitted with an electric detonator compartment cover, and the electric detonator is installed inside the electric detonator compartment.

[0013] The support ring structure is a cylindrical shape with a hole at the closed end. The closed end of the support ring is fixedly connected to the piston end of the control cavity shell, and the unclosed end face of the support ring is in contact with the upper C ring.

[0014] The outer shell of the liquid chamber is a hollow cylinder with an axial cross-section that is an isosceles trapezoid. An upper C-ring is fitted onto the outer shell, with one end of the upper C-ring having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the unclosed section of the support ring. A rubber ring, a lower C-ring, and an upper C-ring are fitted over the trapezoidal surface of the liquid chamber. The sealed cavity, consisting of the liquid chamber cover, the outer shell, the piston, and the detonator compartment, is filled with incompressible liquid.

[0015] The lower C-ring has a bevel on the side where it fits against the upper C-ring, and the upper C-ring has a bevel on the side where it fits against the lower C-ring. The lower C-ring has an opening, and the upper C-ring has an opening. The opening directions of the lower C-ring opening and the upper C-ring opening are the same.

[0016] A sealing ring is provided between the liquid chamber cover and the liquid chamber shell, a sealing ring is provided between the liquid chamber shell and the piston, a sealing ring is provided between the piston and the electric detonator compartment, a sealing ring is provided between the control chamber shell and the sealing terminal, and a sealing ring is provided between the control chamber shell and the control chamber cover.

[0017] The locking C-ring has an opening, and the outer diameter of the end face of the fracturing sleeve near the locking C-ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the end face of the locking C-ring.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention can realize the automatic opening of the fracturing sleeve. The soluble spear is transported to the directional section in the vertical well section by its own gravity. Then, fluid is pumped from the wellhead to realize the pumping of the soluble spear in the horizontal section. By calculating the tubing depth in real time, it is determined that the soluble spear has reached the fracturing sleeve to be opened. The main processor sends a start signal. After the start, the outer diameter of the soluble spear increases, so that it can be firmly placed in the fracturing sleeve and open the fracturing sleeve. Since the soluble spear is made of soluble material, there is no need to remove the soluble spear after fracturing. It will decompose into flowable degradable material after a few days and be returned to the surface with the drilling fluid. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the soluble spear in the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soluble spear after activation in the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged view of the soluble spear in the initial state of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lower C-ring structure in the initial state of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the upper C-ring in the initial state of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a partially enlarged view of a soluble spear in the start-up state of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the lower C-ring structure in the start-up state of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the upper C-ring in the start-up state of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the casing and fracturing sleeve in the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the locking C-ring in the initial state of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the locking C-ring in the start-up state of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells of the present invention, showing the soluble spear entering the casing.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells of the present invention, showing the soluble spear entering the fracturing sliding sleeve.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after fracturing is completed in the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram, 1. Soluble spear; 10. Liquid chamber cover; 11. Liquid chamber outer shell; 12. Piston; 13. Incompressible liquid; 20. Rubber ring; 21. Lower C-ring; 211. Lower C-ring opening; 22. Upper C-ring; 221. Upper C-ring opening; 30. Electric detonator compartment; 31. Electric detonator; 32. Electric detonator compartment cover; 33. Electric detonator ignition wire; 40. Support ring; 41. Control chamber outer shell; 42. Control chamber cover; 43. Sealed terminal block; 44. Lead wire 1; 45. Lead wire 2; 46. Magnet; 50. Battery; 51. Central control processor; 52. Memory; 53. Positioning processor; 54. Accelerometer; 55. Gyroscope; 56. Magnetic flux sensor; 60. Sleeve; 61. Sleeve coupling; 62. Fracturing hole; 70. Fracturing sleeve; 71. Limiting ring; 72. Locking C-ring; 721. Locking C-ring opening. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a soluble spear 1, which includes a control chamber housing 41. The control chamber housing 41 is a cylinder with grooves on both ends. A control chamber cover 42 is embedded at one end of the control chamber housing 41, and a piston 12 is fitted into the groove on the other end. A support ring 40 is sleeved on the piston 12. The end of the piston 12 away from the control chamber housing 41 is embedded in the liquid chamber housing 11. A liquid chamber cover 10 is embedded on the liquid chamber housing 11. A rubber ring 20, a lower C-ring 21, and an upper C-ring 22 are sequentially sleeved on the liquid chamber housing 11. The soluble spear 1 is equipped with a fracturing sleeve 70, and a limit ring 71 and a locking C-ring 72 are respectively provided at both ends of the fracturing sleeve 70.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, after the soluble spear 1 is activated, the electric detonator 31 destroys the electric detonator chamber 30. Under pressure, the liquid chamber shell 11 moves toward the right end of the piston 12, pushing the incompressible liquid 13 into the sealed cavity formed by the control chamber shell 41 and the piston 12. At the same time, the outer diameter of the rubber ring 20, the lower C-ring 21, and the upper C-ring 22 is expanded. Under the constraint of the liquid chamber shell 11 and the support ring 40, the rubber ring 20, the lower C-ring 21, and the upper C-ring 22 with expanded outer diameters remain unchanged.

[0037] A battery 50 is installed in a groove at one end of the control cavity housing 41 where it is connected to the control cavity cover 42. The battery 50 is powered on and connected to a central control processor 51, a memory 52, a positioning processor 53, an accelerometer 54, and a gyroscope 55. A magnet 46 is embedded in the inner wall of the groove at one end of the control cavity housing 41 where it is connected to the control cavity cover 42. The positioning processor 53 is connected to a magnetic flux sensor 56 via a second lead 45. The central control processor 51 is electrically connected to the memory 52, the positioning processor 53, the accelerometer 54, and the gyroscope 55.

[0038] A through hole is formed between the grooves on both ends of the control cavity housing 41, and a sealing terminal 43 is embedded in the through hole. One end of the sealing terminal 43 is connected to the battery 50 via a lead wire 44, and the other end of the sealing terminal 43 is connected to the electric detonator 31 via an electric detonator ignition wire 33. The piston 12 is a cylindrical body with a through hole between its two ends. The piston 12 is embedded in the through hole at one end of the control cavity housing 41, and an electric detonator compartment 30 is embedded therein. An electric detonator compartment cover 32 is embedded at the end of the electric detonator compartment 30 near the control cavity housing 41, and the electric detonator 31 is placed inside the electric detonator compartment 30. The support ring 40 is a cylindrical structure with a hole at the closed end. The closed end of the support ring 40 is fixedly connected to the end of the control cavity housing 41 where the piston 12 is embedded, and the unclosed end face of the support ring 40 is in contact with the upper C-ring 22.

[0039] The liquid chamber shell 11 is structurally a hollow cylinder with an axial cross-section that is an isosceles trapezoid. An upper C-ring 22 is fitted onto the liquid chamber shell 11, with one end face outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the unclosed section of the support ring 40. The rubber ring 20, lower C-ring 21, and upper C-ring 22 are fitted onto the trapezoidal surface of the liquid chamber shell 11. The sealed cavity formed by the liquid chamber cover 10, the liquid chamber shell 11, the piston 12, and the electric detonator compartment 30 is filled with incompressible liquid 13.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the side where the lower C-ring 21 and the upper C-ring 22 fit together has an inclined surface, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the upper C-ring 22 and the lower C-ring 21 are fitted with a slope on the side where they fit together. The lower C-ring 21 has a lower C-ring opening 211, and the upper C-ring 22 has an upper C-ring opening 221. The opening directions of the lower C-ring opening 211 and the upper C-ring opening 221 are the same.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, after the soluble spear 1 is activated, under pressure, the outer shell 11 of the liquid chamber expands the opening 211 of the lower C-ring 21, the opening 221 of the upper C-ring 22, and the outer diameter of the rubber ring 20. Simultaneously, the lower C-ring 21 and the upper C-ring 22 undergo opposite displacements along their inclined planes. Ultimately, the rubber ring 20, the lower C-ring 21, and the upper C-ring 22 are fixed between the outer shell 11 of the liquid chamber and the support ring 40. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the openings of the lower C-ring 211 and the upper C-ring 221 become larger, and the outer diameters of the lower C-ring 21 and the upper C-ring 22 are larger than the outer diameter of the liquid chamber shell 11.

[0042] like Figure 9As shown, the fracturing sleeve 70 is fixed between the limiting ring 71 and the locking C-ring 72, and completely covers the fracturing hole 62. The figure shows three fracturing sleeves 70 as an example, but in reality, there are more than three. Several fracturing sleeves 70 have the same inner diameter, and several soluble spears 1 used to open them also have the same outer diameter. Before activation, the outer diameter of the soluble spear 1 is smaller than the inner diameter of the fracturing sleeve 70, so it can pass through all the fracturing sleeves 70. The soluble spear 1 is activated and expands its outer diameter only when its position depth is close to the target fracturing sleeve 70. At this time, the soluble spear 1 will be firmly seated in the next fracturing sleeve 70 that passes through, and the fracturing sleeve 70 will be opened. Therefore, the present invention can realize the opening of an unlimited number of fracturing sleeves 70.

[0043] A sealing ring is provided between the liquid chamber cover 10 and the liquid chamber outer shell 11, a sealing ring is provided between the liquid chamber outer shell 11 and the piston 12, a sealing ring is provided between the piston 12 and the electric detonator compartment 30, a sealing ring is provided between the control chamber outer shell 41 and the sealing terminal 43, and a sealing ring is provided between the control chamber outer shell 41 and the control chamber cover 42.

[0044] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the locking C-ring 72 has a locking C-ring opening 721. The outer diameter of the end face of the fracturing sleeve 70 near the locking C-ring 72 is smaller than the inner diameter of the end face of the locking C-ring 72. In the initial state, the locking C-ring opening 721 of the fracturing sleeve 70 is small. During the opening process of the fracturing sleeve 70, the fracturing sleeve 70 moves towards the locking C-ring 72 and expands the locking C-ring opening 721. Finally, the fracturing sleeve 70 is completely inserted into the locking C-ring 72 and locked without moving.

[0045] The operating method of the automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells is as follows:

[0046] like Figure 12 As shown, the soluble spear 1 is dropped from the wellhead into the wellbore, and the soluble spear 1 moves toward the bottom of the well under the action of gravity;

[0047] After the soluble spearhead 1 passes through the build-up section, the wellhead pump is started to pump a certain amount of liquid into the wellbore. Under the action of the liquid thrust pumping, the soluble spearhead 1 moves towards the fracturing sleeve 70. During the movement of the soluble spearhead 1, when it passes the casing coupling 61, the magnetic field of the magnet 46 changes, which causes the magnetic field strength collected by the magnetic flux sensor 56 to change. This change is fed back to the positioning processor 53 in the form of pulses through the second lead 45. The positioning processor 53 compares the number of pulse signals collected from the casing coupling 61 with the program of the casing 60 stored in the memory 52, and calculates the position and depth of the soluble spearhead 1 in the wellbore in real time by combining the real-time status data fed back by the accelerometer 54 and the gyroscope 55.

[0048] When the position of the soluble spearhead 1 approaches the target-opened fracturing sleeve 70, the main control processor 51 issues an ignition command for the electric detonator 31, the battery 50 outputs ignition current, and supplies power to the electric detonator 31 through the first lead wire 44, the sealed terminal 43, and the electric detonator ignition wire 33, and the electric detonator 31 detonates.

[0049] After the electric detonator 31 detonates, it destroys the electric detonator compartment 30. A liquid flow channel is formed between the cavity formed by the control chamber shell 41 and the piston 12 and the cavity formed by the liquid chamber shell 11, the liquid chamber cover 10 and the piston 12. Under pressure, the liquid chamber shell 11 and the piston 12 move relative to each other. The incompressible liquid 13 enters the cavity formed by the control chamber shell 41 and the piston 12. As the liquid chamber shell 11 moves toward the support ring 40, it expands the rubber ring 20, the lower C-ring opening 211 and the upper C-ring opening 221, thereby increasing the outer diameter of the rubber ring 20, the lower C-ring 21 and the upper C-ring 22.

[0050] like Figure 13 As shown, under the action of well fluid, the expanded rubber ring 20, lower C-ring 21, and upper C-ring 22 firmly seat the soluble spear 1 in the fracturing sleeve 70. At the same time, under the sealing effect of the rubber ring 20, the pressure inside the wellbore increases, pushing the soluble spear 1 to drive the fracturing sleeve 70, squeezing and expanding the locking C-ring 72 and moving it in the direction of the locking C-ring 72 until the fracturing hole 62 is opened.

[0051] Start the pump for fracturing; repeat the above steps, as follows. Figure 14 As shown, until all fracturing holes 62 are opened and fracturing operations are completed; the soluble spearhead 1 will decompose into flowable degradable material after several days and be returned to the surface with the drilling fluid, and the wellbore will be restored to full diameter.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] like Figure 1-11As shown, this embodiment proposes an automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells, including a soluble spear 1. The soluble spear 1 includes a control chamber shell 41, which is a cylinder with grooves on both ends. A control chamber cover 42 is embedded at one end of the control chamber shell 41, and a piston 12 is fitted into the groove on the other end. A support ring 40 is sleeved on the piston 12. The end of the piston 12 away from the control chamber shell 41 is embedded in a liquid chamber shell 11, and a liquid chamber cover 10 is embedded on the liquid chamber shell 11. A rubber ring 20, a lower C-ring 21, and an upper C-ring 22 are sequentially sleeved on the liquid chamber shell 11. The soluble spear 1 is equipped with a fracturing sleeve 70, and a limit ring 71 and a locking C-ring 72 are respectively provided at both ends of the fracturing sleeve 70. A battery 50 is installed in a groove at one end of the control cavity housing 41 where it is connected to the control cavity cover 42. The battery 50 is powered on and connected to a central control processor 51, a memory 52, a positioning processor 53, an accelerometer 54, and a gyroscope 55. A magnet 46 is embedded in the inner wall of the groove at one end of the control cavity housing 41 where it is connected to the control cavity cover 42. The positioning processor 53 is connected to a magnetic flux sensor 56 via a second lead 45. The central control processor 51 is electrically connected to the memory 52, the positioning processor 53, the accelerometer 54, and the gyroscope 55.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] like Figure 1-11 As shown, this embodiment proposes an automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells, including a soluble spear 1. The soluble spear 1 includes a control chamber shell 41, which is a cylinder with grooves on both ends. A control chamber cover 42 is embedded at one end of the control chamber shell 41, and a piston 12 is fitted into the groove on the other end. A support ring 40 is sleeved on the piston 12. The end of the piston 12 away from the control chamber shell 41 is embedded in a liquid chamber shell 11, and a liquid chamber cover 10 is embedded on the liquid chamber shell 11. A rubber ring 20, a lower C-ring 21, and an upper C-ring 22 are sequentially sleeved on the liquid chamber shell 11. The soluble spear 1 is equipped with a fracturing sleeve 70, and a limit ring 71 and a locking C-ring 72 are respectively provided at both ends of the fracturing sleeve 70. A battery 50 is installed in a groove at one end of the control cavity housing 41 where it is connected to the control cavity cover 42. The battery 50 is powered on and connected to a central control processor 51, a memory 52, a positioning processor 53, an accelerometer 54, and a gyroscope 55. A magnet 46 is embedded in the inner wall of the groove at one end of the control cavity housing 41 where it is connected to the control cavity cover 42. The positioning processor 53 is connected to a magnetic flux sensor 56 via a second lead 45. The central control processor 51 is electrically connected to the memory 52, the positioning processor 53, the accelerometer 54, and the gyroscope 55.

[0056] A through hole is formed between the grooves on both ends of the control cavity housing 41, and a sealing terminal 43 is embedded in the through hole. One end of the sealing terminal 43 is connected to the battery 50 via a lead wire 44, and the other end of the sealing terminal 43 is connected to the electric detonator 31 via an electric detonator ignition wire 33. The piston 12 is a cylindrical body with a through hole between its two ends. The piston 12 is embedded in the through hole at one end of the control cavity housing 41, and an electric detonator compartment 30 is embedded therein. An electric detonator compartment cover 32 is embedded at the end of the electric detonator compartment 30 near the control cavity housing 41, and the electric detonator 31 is placed inside the electric detonator compartment 30. The support ring 40 is a cylindrical structure with a hole at the closed end. The closed end of the support ring 40 is fixedly connected to the end of the control cavity housing 41 where the piston 12 is embedded, and the unclosed end face of the support ring 40 is in contact with the upper C-ring 22. The liquid chamber shell 11 is structurally a hollow cylinder with an axial cross-section that is an isosceles trapezoid. An upper C-ring 22 is fitted onto the liquid chamber shell 11, with one end face outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the unclosed section of the support ring 40. The rubber ring 20, lower C-ring 21, and upper C-ring 22 are fitted onto the trapezoidal surface of the liquid chamber shell 11. The sealed cavity formed by the liquid chamber cover 10, the liquid chamber shell 11, the piston 12, and the electric detonator compartment 30 is filled with incompressible liquid 13.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] like Figure 1-11 As shown, this embodiment proposes an automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells, including a soluble spear 1. The soluble spear 1 includes a control chamber shell 41, which is a cylinder with grooves on both ends. A control chamber cover 42 is embedded at one end of the control chamber shell 41, and a piston 12 is fitted into the groove on the other end. A support ring 40 is sleeved on the piston 12. The end of the piston 12 away from the control chamber shell 41 is embedded in a liquid chamber shell 11, and a liquid chamber cover 10 is embedded on the liquid chamber shell 11. A rubber ring 20, a lower C-ring 21, and an upper C-ring 22 are sequentially sleeved on the liquid chamber shell 11. The soluble spear 1 is equipped with a fracturing sleeve 70, and a limit ring 71 and a locking C-ring 72 are respectively provided at both ends of the fracturing sleeve 70.

[0059] A battery 50 is installed in a groove at one end of the control cavity housing 41 where it is connected to the control cavity cover 42. The battery 50 is powered on and connected to a central control processor 51, a memory 52, a positioning processor 53, an accelerometer 54, and a gyroscope 55. A magnet 46 is embedded in the inner wall of the groove at one end of the control cavity housing 41 where it is connected to the control cavity cover 42. The positioning processor 53 is connected to a magnetic flux sensor 56 via a second lead 45. The central control processor 51 is electrically connected to the memory 52, the positioning processor 53, the accelerometer 54, and the gyroscope 55.

[0060] A through hole is formed between the grooves on both ends of the control cavity housing 41, and a sealing terminal 43 is embedded in the through hole. One end of the sealing terminal 43 is connected to the battery 50 via a lead wire 44, and the other end of the sealing terminal 43 is connected to the electric detonator 31 via an electric detonator ignition wire 33. The piston 12 is a cylindrical body with a through hole between its two ends. The piston 12 is embedded in the through hole at one end of the control cavity housing 41, and an electric detonator compartment 30 is embedded therein. An electric detonator compartment cover 32 is embedded at the end of the electric detonator compartment 30 near the control cavity housing 41, and the electric detonator 31 is placed inside the electric detonator compartment 30. The support ring 40 is a cylindrical structure with a hole at the closed end. The closed end of the support ring 40 is fixedly connected to the end of the control cavity housing 41 where the piston 12 is embedded, and the unclosed end face of the support ring 40 is in contact with the upper C-ring 22.

[0061] The liquid chamber shell 11 is structurally a hollow cylinder with an isosceles trapezoidal axial cross-section. An upper C-ring 22 is fitted onto the liquid chamber shell 11; the outer diameter of one end face is smaller than the inner diameter of the unclosed section of the support ring 40. A rubber ring 20, a lower C-ring 21, and an upper C-ring 22 are fitted over the trapezoidal surface of the liquid chamber shell 11. The sealed cavity formed by the liquid chamber cover 10, the liquid chamber shell 11, the piston 12, and the electric detonator compartment 30 is filled with incompressible liquid 13. A slope is provided on the side where the lower C-ring 21 and upper C-ring 22 are in contact, and a slope is also provided on the side where the upper C-ring 22 and lower C-ring 21 are in contact. The lower C-ring 21 has a lower C-ring opening 211, and the upper C-ring 22 has an upper C-ring opening 221. The opening directions of the lower C-ring opening 211 and the upper C-ring opening 221 are consistent. A sealing ring is provided between the liquid chamber cover 10 and the liquid chamber outer shell 11; a sealing ring is provided between the liquid chamber outer shell 11 and the piston 12; a sealing ring is provided between the piston 12 and the electric detonator compartment 30; a sealing ring is provided between the control chamber outer shell 41 and the sealing terminal 43; and a sealing ring is provided between the control chamber outer shell 41 and the control chamber cover 42. A locking C-ring opening 721 is provided on the locking C-ring 72. The outer diameter of the end face of the fracturing sleeve 70 near the locking C-ring 72 is smaller than the inner diameter of the end face of the locking C-ring 72.

Claims

1. An automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells, characterized in that, The soluble spear includes a soluble spear (1), which includes a control chamber shell (41). The control chamber shell (41) is a cylinder with grooves on both ends. A control chamber cover (42) is embedded at one end of the control chamber shell (41), and a piston (12) is fitted in the groove on the other end. A support ring (40) is fitted on the piston (12). The end of the piston (12) away from the control chamber shell (41) is embedded in the liquid chamber shell (11). A liquid chamber cover (10) is embedded on the liquid chamber shell (11). A rubber ring (20), a lower C-ring (21), and an upper C-ring (22) are sequentially fitted on the liquid chamber shell (11). The soluble spear (1) is equipped with a fracturing sleeve (70). A limit ring (71) and a locking C-ring (72) are respectively provided at both ends of the fracturing sleeve (70). A battery (50) is installed in a groove at one end of the control cavity cover (42) connected to the control cavity housing (41). The battery (50) is powered on and connected to a central control processor (51), a memory (52), a positioning processor (53), an accelerometer (54), and a gyroscope (55). The control cavity housing (41) is connected to a control cavity cover (42) with a magnet (46) embedded in the inner wall of the groove. The positioning processor (53) is connected to a magnetic flux sensor (56) through a second lead (45). The main control processor (51) is electrically connected to the memory (52), the positioning processor (53), the accelerometer (54), and the gyroscope (55). The control cavity housing (41) has a through hole between the grooves on both ends, and a sealing terminal (43) is embedded in the through hole. One end of the sealing terminal (43) is connected to the battery (50) through a lead wire (44), and the other end of the sealing terminal (43) is connected to an electric detonator (31) through an electric detonator ignition wire (33). The piston (12) is a column with through holes between its two end faces. The piston (12) is embedded in the through hole at one end of the control cavity shell (41) and an electric detonator compartment (30) is embedded therein. An electric detonator compartment cover (32) is embedded at the end of the electric detonator compartment (30) near the control cavity shell (41). The electric detonator (31) is installed inside the electric detonator compartment (30). The liquid chamber shell (11) is a hollow cylinder in structure. The axial section of the liquid chamber shell (11) is an isosceles trapezoid. The outer diameter of one end face of the upper C-ring (22) is smaller than the inner diameter of the unclosed end face of the support ring (40) on the liquid chamber shell (11). The rubber ring (20), lower C-ring (21), and upper C-ring (22) are sleeved on the trapezoidal surface of the liquid chamber shell (11). The sealed cavity formed by the liquid chamber cover (10), liquid chamber shell (11), piston (12), and electric detonator compartment (30) is filled with incompressible liquid (13). The lower C-ring (21) and the upper C-ring (22) are fitted with a slope on the side where they are attached. The upper C-ring (22) and the lower C-ring (21) are fitted with a slope. The lower C-ring (21) has a lower C-ring opening (211), and the upper C-ring (22) has an upper C-ring opening (221). The opening directions of the lower C-ring opening (211) and the upper C-ring opening (221) are the same.

2. The automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support ring (40) has a cylindrical structure with a hole at the closed end. The closed end of the support ring (40) is fixedly connected to one end of the piston (12) embedded in the outer shell (41) of the control cavity. The unclosed end face of the support ring (40) is in contact with the upper C ring (22).

3. The automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sealing ring is provided between the liquid chamber cover (10) and the liquid chamber shell (11), a sealing ring is provided between the liquid chamber shell (11) and the piston (12), a sealing ring is provided between the piston (12) and the electric detonator compartment (30), a sealing ring is provided between the control chamber shell (41) and the sealing terminal (43), and a sealing ring is provided between the control chamber shell (41) and the control chamber cover (42).

4. The automatic opening system for fracturing channels in oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that, The locking C-ring (72) has a locking C-ring opening (721), and the outer diameter of the end face of the fracturing sleeve (70) near the locking C-ring (72) is smaller than the inner diameter of the end face of the locking C-ring (72).

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