Under-forest ganoderma sinensis planting and spore powder collecting device and collecting method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of Ganoderma sinensis planting, and provides an under-forest Ganoderma sinensis planting and spore powder collecting device which comprises a cover frame, the cover frame comprises a mounting base and a plurality of supporting legs hinged to the side wall of the mounting base in an array mode, and the supporting legs can be unfolded or folded relative to the mounting base and are in an inclined state when unfolded so as to be inserted into soil to be fixed; and a protection and collection assembly. According to the invention, the multifunctional integration of three purposes by one rack is realized, the rack can be used for many years after being cleaned, the equipment cost is obviously reduced, the management efficiency is improved, and different requirements of the whole growth period of ganoderma sinensis can be met by designing the thin film protective cover, the insect-proof net cover and the pollen collecting cover which can be quickly replaced. A grower does not need to invest multiple independent devices, heat preservation and moisture preservation can be achieved in the ganoderma lucidum growing period only by replacing the cover body, the stipe height and the ganoderma lucidum growing rate can be increased, physical insect prevention is achieved in the sporocarp forming period, insect pests are reduced, the commodity rate is increased, spore powder collection is achieved in the powder spraying period, the powder collecting amount is increased, and the mildew rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation technology, and specifically relates to a device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting spores. Background Technology

[0002] Ganoderma lucidum, an important traditional Chinese medicine with both medicinal and edible properties, possesses effects such as replenishing qi and calming the mind, strengthening the spleen and benefiting the lungs. With the upgrading of public health needs and the inclusion of it in the "List of Substances That Are Both Food and Traditional Chinese Medicine," consumer demand continues to rise. Wuping County, as the largest Ganoderma lucidum cultivation base under forest cover in China, boasts a cultivation scale of over 40,000 mu (approximately 2,667 hectares), accounting for 80% of the national total. Its Ganoderma lucidum is highly favored by the market due to its excellent flavor and high content of polysaccharides and triterpenes.

[0003] However, the forest-based semi-wild Ganoderma lucidum industry faces multiple technical bottlenecks: First, the forest environment is complex, with a wide range of pests and diseases such as termites, moths, and snails. Furthermore, due to the emphasis on ecological planting, strict restrictions on chemical pesticides are necessary. Existing physical and biological control methods are constrained by the dispersed planting areas and large scale, resulting in low efficiency, high costs, and poor control effects. Second, spore collection is difficult. While the existing bagging method is suitable for dispersed planting, it easily leads to insufficient ventilation and low oxygen levels, causing mold growth on fruiting bodies and spores. It also requires individual cleaning, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale operations. The method of collecting spores by constructing arched sheds and laying films is only suitable for high-density facility cultivation and is incompatible with the complex terrain of dispersed planting in forests. If spores are not collected in a timely manner, they will not only be wasted due to falling and spoilage but will also further exacerbate the risk of mold growth, severely restricting the industry's large-scale and high-quality development.

[0004] Therefore, developing a forest-based Ganoderma lucidum cultivation and spore collection device that is suitable for semi-wild, dispersed planting scenarios under forest cover, can improve the effectiveness of pest and disease control and reduce the mold rate in an eco-friendly way, and can also achieve efficient collection of spores and avoid escape and waste, has become an urgent need to promote the healthy growth of the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, this invention proposes a device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting its spores.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: This invention proposes a device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting its spores, comprising: The cover includes a mounting base and a plurality of arrays of legs hinged to the side wall of the mounting base. The legs can be extended or retracted relative to the mounting base and are tilted when extended to be inserted into the soil for fixation. The protective and collection components include a film protective cover, an insect-proof net cover, and a powder collection cover that can be optionally mounted on a frame. The base plate has a sleeve fixedly installed in the center. The base plate and the sleeve have a common installation hole on one side for the fungal stem to pass through. A baffle for sealing the gap is movably installed in the installation hole. The soft cloth tube is connected to the base plate.

[0007] Preferably, the cover also includes a drive unit for driving multiple legs to expand or retract synchronously.

[0008] Preferably, the drive unit includes: The sleeve rod is fixedly installed at the center of the mounting base; The movable rod is axially movable and rotatable within the sleeve rod; The movable disc is mounted to the bottom end of the movable rod via bearings; Multiple push-pull rods, each with its two ends hinged to a movable plate and a leg, respectively; The positioning protrusion is fixedly mounted on the movable rod; The positioning hole is set on the sleeve rod. The positioning hole is "L" shaped and is used to engage with the positioning protrusion after the movable rod is pressed down and rotated to lock the outstretched state of the support leg.

[0009] Preferably, a positioning plate is fixedly installed at the top of the film protective cover, the insect-proof net cover, and the powder collection cover. The positioning plate has a through hole that fits with the sleeve rod.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom edge array of the film protective cover, insect net cover and powder collection cover has multiple round holes, and the support legs are connected to hooks by elastic ropes, which are used to hook onto the round holes.

[0011] Preferably, limiting edges are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the baffle. The limiting edges are used to limit the position of the baffle in the mounting hole and prevent it from falling off.

[0012] Preferably, the angle between the extended legs and the vertical direction is 30°-45°.

[0013] Preferably, the insect-proof net is a 40-mesh nylon net, and the powder-collecting cover is a food-grade non-woven fabric cover with a 10μm pore size.

[0014] A method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting its spores includes the following steps: S1. Before and after planting: Before planting the Ganoderma lucidum spawn, level the ground on the raised bed. After planting the spawn, lay agricultural non-woven fabric to separate it from the mud and sand on the ground. Then, according to the mountain terrain and planting plan, build an arched frame with a width of 1-5 meters, a length of less than 15 meters, and a height of 1.8-2.5 meters. Then, place the folded frame above the planted Ganoderma lucidum spawn and operate the drive unit to make multiple legs unfold simultaneously and insert them into the soil for installation and fixation. S2. Management during the fruiting period: During the fruiting period of Ganoderma lucidum, install the film protective cover on the cover frame to create a warm and moist environment to promote the growth of the stipe. S3. Fruiting body stage management: When the stipe grows to the predetermined height, remove the film protective cover and install the insect-proof net cover on the cover frame to physically block pests. S4. Spore collection and preparation: When the Ganoderma lucidum matures and begins to release spores, remove the insect-proof net cover, insert the base plate into the stipe through the installation hole on its side, insert the baffle to seal the gap of the installation hole, and use a cable tie to fix the soft cloth tube around the base of the stipe to prevent spore leakage or to avoid collecting spores. If you choose to harvest the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies on a sunny day. S5. Spore collection: Install the collection cover onto the cover frame and collect spores in batches. Each time you collect, open the collection cover and use a soft brush to gently brush the spores from the cap onto the tray. Then pour the spores from the tray into the collection container. S6. Harvesting of fruiting bodies: After the spores have been collected, choose a sunny day to harvest the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages and effects compared with the prior art: 1. Achieves multi-functional integration of "one frame for three uses," significantly reducing equipment costs and improving management efficiency: By designing a quick-change film protective cover, insect-proof net cover, and spore collection cover, a single frame structure can meet the different needs throughout the entire growth cycle of Ganoderma lucidum. Growers do not need to invest in multiple independent pieces of equipment; simply by changing the cover, they can achieve heat and moisture preservation during the fruiting stage, physical insect prevention during the fruiting body stage, and spore collection during the spore spraying stage, greatly reducing equipment purchase and maintenance costs, and making operation and management simpler and more efficient.

[0016] 2. It provides an eco-friendly and highly efficient physical pest control solution, ensuring product safety and ecological balance. The insect-proof netting effectively blocks the invasion of common forest pests such as termites, millet moths, and snails, without relying on any chemical pesticides. This fully meets the requirements of semi-wild ecological planting in forests, not only eliminating pesticide residues at the source and ensuring the safety of Ganoderma lucidum and its spore powder for consumption, but also protecting the forest ecological environment.

[0017] 3. A highly efficient spore collection system with "all-round leak prevention and full-range acceptance" was constructed, achieving a high collection rate and avoiding waste. Through the coordinated design of the base tray, leak-proof paper, and movable baffle, a sealed collection space surrounding the stipe is formed. The base tray catches the main falling spores, while the soft cloth tube surrounds the base of the stipe and the sleeve in the center of the base tray. Cable ties are used to prevent spores from leaking from the gap between the stipe and the base tray. The movable baffle seals the gaps in the installation holes. This multi-level protection design ensures that the spores are efficiently collected inside the device, solving the problems of incomplete collection and easy spore scattering and waste in traditional methods, and directly improving economic efficiency.

[0018] 4. The air permeability of the collection environment has been optimized, fundamentally reducing the risk of spore powder mold growth. Food-grade non-woven fabric with a 10μm pore size is used as the material for the collection cover, which effectively intercepts spore powder while ensuring good air permeability and light transmittance. This prevents the accumulation of excessive moisture and heat inside the collection device, unlike traditional bagging methods, which create an environment unfavorable to mold growth. This significantly reduces the risk of spore powder mold growth due to high temperature and humidity, ensuring the final quality of the spore powder.

[0019] 5. The structural design combines stability with convenience and flexibility, making it particularly suitable for the needs of complex, scattered understory planting environments. The support legs are designed with a 30°-45° inclination, allowing them to be inserted into the soil and ensuring the stability of the device on forest slopes. The drive unit enables one-button synchronous deployment and locking of the support legs, making deployment quick and effortless. Each component adopts a modular design, making installation and disassembly simple. The entire device can be folded and collapsed, making it compact and easy to transport and store. It perfectly meets the characteristics of scattered understory planting sites, complex terrain, and inconvenient operation, making it highly practical and worthy of widespread application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the central cover frame, base plate, and soft cloth tube; Figure 3 This is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the medium-soft fabric tube and the base plate; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the cover frame and the membrane protective cover; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of part B.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Cover frame; 2. Film protective cover; 3. Insect-proof net cover; 4. Powder collecting cover; 5. Mounting base; 6. Support leg; 7. Base plate; 8. Mounting hole; 9. Baffle; 10. Limiting edge; 11. Soft cloth tube; 14. Sleeve rod; 15. Movable rod; 16. Positioning protrusion; 17. Positioning hole; 18. Movable plate; 19. Push-pull rod; 20. Handle; 21. Positioning plate; 23. Round hole; 24. Elastic rope; 25. Hook. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will now be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1 like Figure 1-6 As shown, a device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting spores includes: Cover 1 includes a mounting base 5 and a plurality of arrayed legs 6 hinged to the side wall of the mounting base 5. The legs 6 can be extended or retracted relative to the mounting base 5, and are tilted when extended to be inserted into the soil for fixation. The protective and collection components include a thin film protective cover 2, an insect-proof net cover 3, and a powder collection cover 4, which can be optionally installed on the cover frame 1. The base plate 7 has a sleeve fixedly installed in its center. The base plate 7 and the sleeve have a common installation hole 8 for the mushroom stem to pass through. A baffle 9 for sealing gaps is movably installed in the installation hole 8. The soft cloth tube 11 is connected to the base plate 7.

[0024] The soft cloth tube 11 surrounds the base of the stipe and prevents spore powder from leaking from the gap between the stipe and the base plate 7 by using a tie.

[0025] The cover frame 1 provides a support frame that can be adapted to complex terrain under the forest; the mounting base 5 integrates the mounting interfaces of each component to ensure a compact structure.

[0026] The cover frame 1 also includes a drive unit, which drives multiple legs 6 to simultaneously unfold or retract. The drive unit enables the legs 6 to be folded and stored, reducing the volume required for transportation and storage; the drive unit also enables the legs 6 to unfold synchronously, improving the efficiency of understory installation.

[0027] The drive unit includes: Sleeve rod 14 is fixedly installed at the center of mounting base 5; The movable rod 15 is axially movable and rotatable within the sleeve rod 14; The movable plate 18 is mounted to the bottom end of the movable rod 15 via a bearing; Multiple push-pull rods 19, each push-pull rod 19 having its two ends hinged to the movable plate 18 and a leg 6 respectively; The positioning protrusion 16 is fixedly mounted on the movable rod 15; A positioning hole 17, L-shaped, is provided on the sleeve rod 14. It engages with the positioning protrusion 16 after the movable rod 15 is pressed down and rotated to lock the outrigger 6 in its extended state. Pressing down the handle 20 moves the movable rod 15 and movable plate 18 downwards, and the push-pull rod 19 pushes the outrigger 6 to unfold simultaneously. The L-shaped positioning hole 17 engages with the positioning protrusion 16, and rotating the movable rod 15 locks the outrigger 6 in place, ensuring convenient operation and reliable fixation.

[0028] The top of the film protective cover 2, the insect-proof net cover 3 and the powder collection cover 4 are all fixedly provided with a positioning plate 21. The positioning plate 21 has a through hole, which is in clearance fit with the sleeve rod 14.

[0029] The bottom edge array of the film protective cover 2, the insect-proof net cover 3 and the powder collection cover 4 has multiple round holes 23. The support leg 6 is connected to the hook 25 by the elastic rope 24. The hook 25 is used to hook onto the round hole 23.

[0030] Limiting edges 10 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the baffle 9. The limiting edges 10 are used to limit the position of the baffle 9 in the mounting hole 8 and prevent it from falling off.

[0031] When the support leg 6 is unfolded, the angle between it and the vertical direction is 30°-45°.

[0032] The inclined support legs 6 can penetrate 3-5cm into the soil, enhancing the stability of the cover frame 1 on mountain slopes and preventing it from tipping over in the wind.

[0033] Insect-proof netting 3 is a 40-mesh nylon netting, and powder-collecting netting 4 is a food-grade non-woven fabric cover with a 10μm pore size.

[0034] The film protective cover 2, insect-proof net cover 3, and pollen collection cover 4 are movable covers mounted on the cover frame 1. The film protective cover 2 is made of transparent plastic film (with 5-10 small holes punched at the top), which creates a warm and humid microenvironment during the fruiting period, increases the carbon dioxide concentration, promotes the growth of the stipe, prevents mud and dirt, and also increases the fruiting rate. The insect-proof net cover 3, made of 40-mesh nylon mesh, physically blocks termites, millet moths, and other pests and diseases during the fruiting stage, eliminating the need for chemical pesticides, meeting the requirements of ecological planting, and solving the problem of difficult pest and disease control in the background technology. The pollen collection cover 4, made of 10um pore size food-grade non-woven fabric, is breathable and light-transmitting while preventing spore powder from escaping, solving the problem of mold growth in traditional bagging and sealing, and solving the problem of high spore powder mold rate in the background technology. The three can be switched as needed to achieve "one-piece three-in-one" functionality, reducing equipment costs. The base plate 7 catches the falling spores and prevents them from scattering on the soil; the mounting hole 8 allows the stipe to pass through, adapting to the growth pattern of Ganoderma lucidum; the baffle 9, together with the limiting edge 10, covers the gap of the mounting hole 8, preventing spores from leaking out between the stipe and the base plate 7, thus solving the problem of spore collection waste in the prior art. The soft cloth tube 11 is connected to the stipe by a tie, so that the soft cloth tube 11 forms a ring-shaped leak-proof barrier around the stipe and the sleeve. It works with the base plate 7 to achieve all-round collection of spores and solves the problem of incomplete collection of spores in the prior art. The positioning plate 21 is fitted with the sleeve rod 14 through the through hole to ensure that the protective cover and the cover frame 1 are installed coaxially to avoid misalignment that could lead to protection failure. Hook 25 hooks into the round hole, and elastic rope 24 can adapt to slight changes in the distance between the legs.

[0035] A method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting its spores, using the device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting its spores as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Before and after planting: Before planting the Ganoderma lucidum spawn, level the ground on the raised bed. After planting the spawn, lay agricultural non-woven fabric to separate it from the mud and sand on the ground. Then, according to the mountain terrain and planting plan, build an arched frame 1-5 meters wide and less than 15 meters long, with a height of 1.8-2.5 meters. Then, place the folded frame 1 above the planted Ganoderma lucidum spawn and operate the drive unit to make multiple support legs 6 unfold simultaneously and insert them into the soil for installation and fixation. S2. Management during the fruiting period: During the fruiting period of Ganoderma lucidum, install the film protective cover 2 onto the cover frame 1 to create a warm and moist environment and promote the growth of the stipe. S3. Fruiting body stage management: When the stipe grows to the predetermined height, remove the film protective cover 2 and install the insect-proof net cover 3 on the cover frame 1 to physically block pests. S4. Spore collection and preparation: When the Ganoderma lucidum matures and begins to release spores, remove the insect-proof net cover 3, insert the base plate 7 into the stipe through the installation hole 8 on its side, insert the baffle 9 to seal the gap of the installation hole 8, and use a cable tie to fix the soft cloth tube 11 around the base of the stipe to prevent spore leakage or to avoid collecting spores. If you choose a sunny day to harvest the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies. S5. Spore collection: Install the collection cover 4 onto the cover frame 1 and collect spores in batches. Each time you collect, open the collection cover 4 and use a soft brush to gently brush the spores on the cap onto the tray 7. Then pour the spores in the tray 7 into the collection container. S6. Harvesting of fruiting bodies: After the spores have been collected, choose a sunny day to harvest the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0036] Working principle: After planting the Ganoderma lucidum spawn, an arched frame is erected and agricultural non-woven fabric is laid to level the ground of the planting bed. Depending on the mountainous terrain and planting plan, an arched frame 1-5 meters wide and less than 15 meters long is erected, with a height of 1.8-2.5 meters (the head and tail of the frame should extend 1 meter beyond the planting area of ​​the spawn). Then, non-woven fabric is laid on the planting bed to separate it from the soil and sand. The main purpose of laying non-woven fabric is to isolate small soil contaminations, improve the cleanliness of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, prevent the mixing of soil and impurities when collecting spores, and also prevent the spread of some diseases and pests hidden in the soil to the fruiting bodies. The arched frame can be made of bamboo, steel frame, etc., and the non-woven fabric is a safe and environmentally friendly agricultural weed control non-woven fabric. Three functional covers are used at different growth stages: film protective cover 2, insect net cover 3, and powder collection cover 4. Soft cloth tubes 11 are used in conjunction with the stalks to wrap the base of the stalks with ties. First, place the retracted device above the mushroom log. The operator presses down and rotates the handle 20 of the drive unit, causing the movable rod 15 to move downwards within the sleeve 14. The movable plate 18 at the bottom of the movable rod 15 then descends, pushing multiple support legs 6 outwards synchronously via four push-pull rods 19. When the positioning protrusion 16 on the movable rod 15 moves to the bottom of the "L"-shaped positioning hole 17 on the sleeve 14, rotate the handle 20 to make the positioning protrusion 16 engage with the horizontal section of the "L"-shaped hole, thereby locking the support legs 6 in the extended state. At this time, the tilted support legs 6 can be inserted into the soil, firmly fixing the entire device to the forest floor. During the fruiting period, in the cultivation and protection stage (using the film protective cover 2), a warm and moist environment is created. During the fruiting period of Ganoderma lucidum, it is necessary to keep warm and moist to promote the growth of the stipe. The positioning plate 21 at the top of the film protective cover 2 is fitted onto the sleeve rod 14 with its through hole to achieve precise centering. Then the cover is lowered, and the hooks 25 connected to the support legs 6 by the elastic rope 24 are hooked onto the round holes 23 on the bottom edge of the cover, so that its bottom is close to the ground, forming a warm and moist "microclimate" environment to promote the growth of the stipe. During the fruiting body formation period and the pest and disease control stage (using insect-proof netting 3), pests are physically blocked. When the stipe grows to a certain height, the film protective cover 2 is removed and replaced with insect-proof netting 3 in the same way. The 40-mesh nylon netting of this cover can effectively physically block various pests without the need for chemical pesticides, which meets the requirements of ecological planting. During the spore release period and spore collection stage (using a collection cover 4), efficient and leak-proof collection is achieved. When the Ganoderma lucidum matures and begins to release spores, collection is carried out. The base tray 7 is inserted into the stipe through the mounting hole 8 on its side, ensuring the stipe is within the sleeve. Then, the baffle 9 is inserted into the mounting hole 8, with its two side limiting edges 10 ensuring proper installation and sealing of the gaps to prevent spore leakage. Next, a soft cloth tube 11 is wrapped around the base of the stipe using cable ties to prevent spore leakage from the gap between the stipe and the base tray 7. However, the cable ties should not be too tight. The released spores are collected by the non-woven fabric collection cover. 4. After being blocked, the spores fall back onto the base plate 7 and are effectively collected. Generally, the collection is carried out in three batches, with an interval of about 10-15 days between each batch. Use a soft brush to gently brush the spores that have fallen on the cap from the center outwards. The spores will fall naturally onto the base plate 7. Remove the cable ties and soft cloth tube 11 to take off the base plate 7. Pour the spores in the base plate 7 into or put them into a plastic bucket with the help of a brush. When the collection has continued for more than a month and the growth of Ganoderma lucidum enters the decline period, choose a sunny day to harvest the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies.

[0037] Example 2 A comparative experiment was conducted, with 100 linden wood spawn sticks weighing 10 kg each used for observation and comparison. The planting date was April 23rd, and all other aspects were handled according to normal production management. The experimental control using a thin film protective cover 2 during the fruiting period and an insect-proof net cover 3 during the fruiting body formation period was the traditional natural open planting method, which refers to natural open planting without following the requirements of this patented technology and without laying non-woven mulch.

[0038] Table 1 Comparison of the use of film protective cover 2 and traditional open (CK) cultivation during the fruiting period. Planting patterns Time to leave Chicago (days) Turmeric yield (%) Stipe height (cm) Neatness Use a thin film protective cover 2 18.2 95 11.4 better CK (Open Naturally) 29.1 84 6.5 Poor

[0039] Using a thin film protective cover 2 to improve the temperature and humidity of the microenvironment for Ganoderma lucidum growth can advance the emergence and growth of Ganoderma lucidum. It also increases the carbon dioxide concentration, thereby increasing the height of the stipe. This solves the problem of low stipe height, easy dirt and pests, and poor appearance quality of Ganoderma lucidum in the first season.

[0040] Table 2 Comparison of planting conditions during fruiting body formation using insect-proof netting 3 and traditional open (CK) planting.

[0041] Using insect-proof netting 3 greatly reduces the incidence of pests and diseases. The reduction in pests and diseases also significantly reduces the mold rate, thereby effectively improving the appearance and commodity value.

[0042] During the spore release period, the control group using the spore collection hood 4 was the traditional paper tube for collecting spores; all other processes were conducted according to normal production management.

[0043] Table 3 Comparison of spore collection using a collection hood and traditional paper tubes during the spore release period. Follower Acquisition Mode Powder yield (g / stick) Mold rate (%) Cleanliness Use a powder collection cover 4 62.7 4 good CK Traditional Paper Tube 33.1 17 generally

[0044] The main advantage of the powder collection cover 4 is that it is both breathable and light-transmitting, avoiding the problems of traditional paper tubes being sealed and not breathable or light-transmitting. It provides a healthy growth environment for the fruiting bodies during the powdering period, significantly increasing the spore powder yield of the fruiting bodies, while also reducing the spore powder mold rate.

[0045] All the devices used in the above patents can be reused for many years after being cleaned, thus reducing the cost of use.

[0046] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting its spores, characterized in that, include: Cover frame (1), the cover frame (1) includes a mounting base (5) and a plurality of arrays of legs (6) hinged to the side wall of the mounting base (5), the legs (6) can be extended or retracted relative to the mounting base (5), and are in an inclined state when extended to be inserted into the soil for fixation; The protective and collection components include a thin film protective cover (2), an insect-proof net cover (3), and a powder collection cover (4) that can be optionally mounted on the cover frame (1). The base plate (7) has a sleeve fixedly installed in its center. The base plate (7) and the sleeve have a common installation hole (8) for the fungal stem to pass through. A baffle (9) for sealing the gap is movably installed in the installation hole (8). The soft cloth tube (11) is connected to the base plate 7.

2. The device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting spores according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover (1) also includes a drive unit for driving multiple legs (6) to expand or retract synchronously.

3. The device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting spores according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive unit includes: The sleeve rod (14) is fixedly installed at the center of the mounting base (5); The movable rod (15) is axially movable and rotatable within the sleeve rod (14); The movable plate (18) is mounted to the bottom end of the movable rod (15) via a bearing; Multiple push-pull rods (19), each push-pull rod (19) having its two ends hinged to a movable plate (18) and a foot (6), respectively; The positioning protrusion (16) is fixedly mounted on the movable rod (15); The positioning hole (17) is set on the sleeve rod (14). The positioning hole (17) is "L" shaped and is used to cooperate with the positioning protrusion (16) after the movable rod (15) is pressed down and rotated to lock the extended state of the support leg (6).

4. The device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting spores according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the film protective cover (2), the insect net cover (3) and the powder collection cover (4) are all fixedly provided with a positioning plate (21). The positioning plate (21) has a through hole and a through hole that fits with the sleeve rod (14) with a clearance.

5. The device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting spores according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom edge array of the film protective cover (2), insect net cover (3) and powder collection cover (4) has multiple round holes (23), and the support leg (6) is connected to a hook (25) by an elastic rope (24). The hook (25) is used to hook onto the round hole (23).

6. The device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting spores according to claim 1, characterized in that, Limiting edges (10) are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the baffle (9). The limiting edges (10) are used to limit the position of the baffle (9) in the mounting hole (8) and prevent it from falling off.

7. The device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting spores according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the support leg (6) and the vertical direction after it is unfolded is 30°-45°.

8. The device for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting spores according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insect-proof net (3) is a 40-mesh nylon net, and the powder collection cover (4) is a food-grade non-woven fabric cover with a 10μm pore size.

9. A method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting its spores, comprising the apparatus for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum under forest cover and collecting its spores as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Before and after planting, the ground on the seedbed is leveled before planting the Ganoderma lucidum sticks. After planting the sticks, agricultural non-woven fabric is laid on top to separate them from the mud and sand on the ground. Then, according to the mountain terrain and planting plan, an arched frame with a width of 1-5 meters and a length of less than 15 meters is built on the ground, with a height of 1.8-2.5 meters. Then, the folded frame (1) is placed above the planted Ganoderma lucidum sticks, and the drive unit is operated to make multiple legs (6) unfold synchronously and insert into the soil for installation and fixation. S2. Management during the fruiting period: During the fruiting period of Ganoderma lucidum, install the film protective cover (2) onto the cover frame (1) to form a warm and moist environment and promote the growth of the stipe. S3. Fruiting body management: When the stipe grows to the predetermined height, remove the film protective cover (2) and install the insect-proof net cover (3) on the cover frame (1) to physically block pests. S4. Spore collection preparation: When Ganoderma lucidum matures and begins to release spores, remove the insect-proof net cover (3), insert the base plate (7) into the stipe through the mounting hole (8) on its side, insert the baffle (9) to seal the gap of the mounting hole (8), and use a cable tie to fix the soft cloth tube (11) around the base of the stipe to prevent spore leakage or if spores are not collected, choose a sunny day to collect Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies. S5. Spore collection: Install the collection cover (4) onto the cover frame (1) and collect spores in batches. Each time you collect, open the collection cover (4), use a soft brush to gently brush the spores on the cap onto the tray (7), and then pour the spores in the tray (7) into the collection container. S6. Harvesting of fruiting bodies: After the spores have been collected, choose a sunny day to harvest the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum.

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