A rotary adjustable attenuator

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of attenuators, and specifically discloses a rotary adjustable attenuator which comprises a shell, a main shaft, a rotating drum assembly, a switch assembly and two connectors; the rotating drum assembly and the switch assembly are both located in the shell; the rotating drum assembly comprises a rotating drum main body, two electrode discs, electrodes and a plurality of attenuation pieces with different attenuation values; the two electrode discs are connected with two ends of the rotating drum main body respectively; a plurality of electrodes are distributed on the two electrode discs along the circumferences of the electrode discs; the plurality of attenuation pieces are installed on the rotating drum main body; the electrodes on the two electrode discs can be in contact with the attenuation piece electrodes at two ends of the attenuation pieces respectively; the connectors are connected with the shell, and one end of each of the two connectors can be in contact with the electrodes on the two electrode discs respectively; the main shaft is coaxially fixedly connected with the rotating drum main body and the two electrode discs; the rotating drum main body and the electrode discs are rotationally matched with the shell; and the switch assembly can lock or unlock the main shaft. The application can improve the adjustment accuracy of the attenuator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of attenuator technology, and more specifically to a rotary adjustable attenuator. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of microwave communications, flexible adjustment of signal attenuation is crucial for ensuring the stable operation of communication systems. Traditional fixed attenuators, due to their fixed attenuation, cannot meet the dynamic requirements of different scenarios. For example, during base station commissioning, the signal attenuation needs to be adjusted in real time according to the actual situation, thus making continuously adjustable attenuators necessary. However, existing continuously adjustable microwave attenuators have many shortcomings. Digital attenuators have large parasitic effects, which can affect signal transmission quality; knife-shaped attenuators are difficult to control precisely and cannot meet the attenuation accuracy requirements of communication systems. This makes the demand for higher-performance adjustable attenuators in the microwave communications field urgent.

[0003] Currently, the development of high-precision measurement technology has placed more stringent requirements on attenuators. Attenuators need to not only perform attenuation control over a wide range but also maintain phase stability throughout the adjustment range and possess high accuracy. However, existing continuously adjustable microwave attenuators, such as digital attenuators, suffer from large parasitic effects, and knife-shaped attenuators are unable to meet these requirements due to their inability to be precisely controlled, thus failing to satisfy the development needs of high-precision measurement technology.

[0004] Furthermore, with the continuous expansion of communication frequency bands to higher frequencies and the rapid rise of mobile communication systems and millimeter-wave communication, higher standards have been set for the frequency range and performance of attenuators. Previous attenuators could not meet the high-frequency test requirements.

[0005] Meanwhile, electronic devices are developing towards miniaturization and integration, which requires attenuators to have high integration and small size in order to be integrated into complex circuit systems. Traditional attenuators often fail to meet these requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a rotary adjustable attenuator, the purpose of which is to improve the adjustment accuracy of the attenuator.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a rotary adjustable attenuator, comprising a housing, a main shaft, a drum assembly, a switch assembly, and two connectors; the drum assembly and the switch assembly are both located inside the housing; the drum assembly comprises a drum body, two electrode disks, and multiple attenuation plates with different attenuation values, and the two electrode disks are respectively connected to both ends of the drum body;

[0008] Multiple electrodes are distributed circumferentially on both electrode disks, and multiple attenuators are mounted on the drum body. The electrodes on the two electrode disks can respectively contact and conduct with the attenuator electrodes at both ends of the attenuators. The connectors are connected to the housing, and one end of each connector can respectively contact and conduct with the electrodes on the two electrode disks. The main shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drum body and the two electrode disks. The drum body and the electrode disks are rotatably coupled to the housing. The switch assembly can lock or unlock the main shaft.

[0009] Compared with existing technologies, this solution has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0010] Compared to fixed attenuators, the adjustable attenuator in this solution cannot meet the limitations of dynamic requirements in different scenarios. The adjustable attenuator in this solution uses multiple attenuation plates with different attenuation values ​​on the main body of the drum. With the help of the main shaft, the drum assembly is rotated, and the connector contacts the attenuation plates with different attenuation values, thereby realizing flexible switching of attenuation values. It can meet the needs of real-time changes in signal attenuation in scenarios such as base station debugging. It is like providing a flexible knob for signal adjustment in communication systems, which can adapt to diverse dynamic scenarios.

[0011] Furthermore, in this design, each attenuator element is in contact with each electrode on the two electrode disks, forming multiple conductive paths. Each path consists of a single attenuator element, ensuring stable contact with the electrodes on the attenuator's electrode disks. This reduces signal loss and fluctuations caused by poor contact, minimizes parasitic effects, and guarantees signal transmission quality. Simultaneously, the locking and unlocking functions of the switching assembly in this design maintain phase stability within the attenuator's adjustment range. This reduces phase drift caused by minute displacements (such as vibration or temperature deformation) after rotational adjustment. After adjusting a phase, the switching assembly locks the attenuator, ensuring the adjusted attenuation value remains stable. This improves the attenuator's precise control and adjustment accuracy, resulting in smaller errors in the attenuation value after each adjustment. Ultimately, this enhances the control precision of the equipment in scenarios such as precision testing and communication link calibration.

[0012] In this solution, the attenuator integrates core components such as the drum assembly and the switching assembly into a housing, forming a compact, integrated structure. It features high integration and small size, enabling it to be incorporated into complex circuit systems, which aligns with the development trend of miniaturization and integration of electronic devices.

[0013] Furthermore, the switch assembly includes a switch body and a rotating wheel. The rotating wheel is coaxially connected to the main shaft, and the switch body is connected to the outer casing. The rotating wheel is located inside the switch body and rotates in cooperation with the switch body. A limiting member is provided on the switch body. When the main shaft is not actively driven, the limiting member locks the rotating wheel. When the main shaft is driven by an external force, the rotating wheel overcomes the locking force of the limiting member and rotates.

[0014] Beneficial effects: In this solution, the switch body in the switch assembly is fixed to the outer casing, while the rotating wheel is coaxially connected to the main shaft. This allows the rotating wheel, the drum body, and the two electrode disks to be connected to the main shaft, enabling the main shaft to drive all three to rotate simultaneously, thus switching between different attenuation values. Furthermore, this solution incorporates a limiter in the switch body. This limiter locks the rotating wheel when the main shaft stops rotating, indirectly locking the electrode disks, the main shaft, and the drum body. This ensures stable contact between the electrodes on the electrode disks and the connectors, maintaining phase stability within the attenuator's adjustment range. It also ensures that the currently connected attenuator plate does not shift, thereby guaranteeing that the attenuation value remains within the set range.

[0015] When the spindle is driven by an external force, the rotating wheel can overcome the locking force of the limiting device and rotate without the need for additional unlocking steps. The user only needs to apply sufficient rotational force to drive the spindle to rotate and switch the attenuation plate, which improves human-machine interaction efficiency and reduces misoperation.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer circumference of the rotating wheel is provided with multiple circumferentially evenly distributed slots; the inner side of the switch body is provided with a limiting groove, and the limiting member is installed in the limiting groove. The limiting member includes a return spring and a retaining ball. The return spring is connected between the retaining ball and the bottom of the limiting groove. Under the action of the return spring, the retaining ball can be embedded in the slot to lock the rotating wheel. When the main shaft is driven by an external force, the side of the slot can push the retaining ball to compress the return spring, causing the retaining ball to exit the slot and unlock.

[0017] Beneficial effects: In this design, when an external force is applied to drive the spindle to rotate, the side of the rotating wheel's slot will press against the retaining ball, forcing the retaining ball to compress the return spring and exit the slot. At this time, the rotating wheel can rotate smoothly. As it rotates, when the retaining ball is in the next slot, since there is no pressure on the retaining ball, it will automatically slide into the next slot under the action of the spring, completing the gear shift and locking again. This structure requires no additional unlocking action; the continuous process of "unlocking-rotating-locking" can be achieved solely through rotational force, making operation labor-saving and highly efficient.

[0018] Furthermore, the interaction between the card slot and the card ball creates a clear sense of gear position (such as a "click" sound or tactile feedback), making it easy for users to intuitively judge whether the attenuator has been switched to the correct position, reducing adjustment errors caused by ambiguous gear positions, and improving operational accuracy.

[0019] Furthermore, the adjacent card slots have a rounded transition, and the card slots are rounded grooves.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The rounded transition groove design in this solution ensures more uniform force distribution at the contact points when the ball switches between grooves, avoiding stress concentration that may occur during right-angle or sharp-angle transitions. This reduces wear on the ball and groove during relative movement, extending the service life of the entire switching assembly.

[0021] Furthermore, when the spindle drives the rotating wheel to rotate, the fit between the arc-shaped groove and the ball bearing is more precise. The ball bearing's movement is smoother as it exits and enters the groove, eliminating any jamming. The arc transition between adjacent grooves also makes the ball bearing's sliding motion more natural, further improving the smoothness and stability of the attenuator adjustment process and enhancing the user experience.

[0022] Furthermore, a base plate is connected to the bottom of the outer shell, and an annular groove is formed on the base plate. A fixing nail is connected inside the annular groove; a rotating nail is connected to the bottom of the rotating wheel, and when the rotating wheel rotates from the starting point to the ending point, the rotating nail abuts against the fixing nail.

[0023] Beneficial effects: In this design, the fixing pin connected in the annular groove of the base plate and the rotating pin at the bottom of the rotating wheel form a mechanical limiting engagement. When the rotating wheel rotates from the starting point to the ending position, the rotating pin and the fixing pin abut against each other, preventing the rotating wheel from continuing to rotate. This design can precisely limit the rotation range of the drum assembly, avoiding excessive rotation of the drum body and electrode disk due to operational errors or excessive external force. It also prevents damage such as misalignment and collision between the attenuator electrode and the electrode disk electrode, entanglement of internal wires, or structural jamming, protecting the integrity of core components. Furthermore, it can also convey a signal to the user that the attenuator has reached the limit position of the adjustment stroke, allowing the user to have a clearer and more intuitive perception, improving the operating experience.

[0024] Furthermore, the drum body has multiple circumferentially distributed attenuator mounting slots, which extend through both ends of the drum body; multiple attenuators are sequentially installed in the multiple attenuator mounting slots.

[0025] The two electrode disks are located at both ends of the drum body. Multiple electrode mounting slots are formed on the electrode disks along their circumference. One end of each electrode mounting slot extends through the outer side of the electrode disk. An insertion hole is formed at the bottom of the electrode mounting slot. A cylinder is connected to the bottom of the electrode. A cylindrical hole is formed on the cylinder coaxially. An elastic contact post is connected inside the cylindrical hole.

[0026] Multiple electrodes on the two electrode disks are sequentially inserted into multiple electrode mounting slots, and the cylinder is inserted into the insertion hole. The elastic contact posts on the two electrode disks respectively make contact with the two ends of the attenuator.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The multiple attenuator mounting slots opened on the drum body in this solution provide independent installation space for multiple attenuator plates, and the two ends of the attenuator mounting slots penetrate through both ends of the drum body, thereby facilitating the contact and conduction between the two ends of the attenuator plates and the electrodes on the two electrode disks respectively.

[0028] In this design, the electrode mounting slots on the electrode disk provide installation space for the electrodes, and the cylindrical bottom of the electrode inserts into the insertion hole at the bottom of the mounting slot, achieving precise positioning of the electrode on the electrode disk and preventing electrode displacement during use. The elastic contact post inside the cylindrical hole makes contact with both ends of the attenuator, and the elastic contact post generates continuous pressure through its own elasticity, ensuring good contact with the attenuator at all times, reducing contact resistance and minimizing signal transmission loss. Even if the components experience slight wear or deformation due to long-term use, the elastic contact post can maintain a stable electrical connection through deformation compensation, ensuring the reliability of signal transmission.

[0029] Furthermore, the elastic contact post is axially slidingly fitted with the cylindrical hole; the upper part of the elastic contact post is provided with a mounting hole, and a spring is provided between the mounting hole and the bottom of the cylindrical hole.

[0030] Beneficial effects: In this solution, the elastic contact post slides axially with the cylindrical hole, and the spring between the mounting hole and the bottom of the cylindrical hole provides elastic support, which enables the elastic contact post to always contact the attenuation plate electrode with stable pressure.

[0031] Furthermore, the electrode mounting groove has a U-shaped structure, one end of the electrode is an arc surface that matches one side of the electrode mounting groove, and the other end of the electrode is a flat surface.

[0032] Beneficial effects: The electrode mounting groove adopts a U-shaped structure, and one end of the electrode is an arc surface that matches one side of the mounting groove. When the two are in contact, they form a complementary positioning constraint. The arc surface is in close contact with the arc-shaped sidewall of the U-shaped groove, which can limit the radial and circumferential sway of the electrode. Combined with the axial positioning of the bottom cylinder of the electrode and the insertion hole, the electrode is not easy to loosen when the drum assembly rotates or vibrates, ensuring stable contact position with the attenuator and connector, and reducing signal transmission failures caused by electrode misalignment. The opening design of the U-shaped mounting groove facilitates quick insertion and positioning of the electrode. With the guiding effect of the arc surface and the groove wall, preliminary fixation can be achieved without precise alignment, reducing the difficulty of alignment during assembly.

[0033] The other end of the electrode is designed as a plane, which facilitates surface contact with the contactor, improves the contact stability between the two, increases the conductive contact area, reduces contact resistance, and reduces energy loss during signal transmission compared to point contact or line contact.

[0034] Furthermore, one end of the connector has a recessed hole, and a connector contact post is coaxially and slidably fitted inside the recessed hole. A connector spring is connected between the connector contact post and the bottom of the recessed hole, and the connector contact post is in close contact with one end of the electrode under the action of the connector spring.

[0035] Beneficial effects: The connector contact post, which slides within the connector's recess, can make tight contact with one end of the electrode under the elastic force of the connector spring, forming a stable electrical connection. This elastic contact structure can effectively offset the gaps caused by minor vibrations during drum rotation, assembly errors, or component wear, avoiding incomplete or intermittent contact, ensuring continuous and stable signal transmission between the connector and the electrode, and reducing signal interruptions or abnormal attenuation caused by poor contact.

[0036] The connector contact post slides coaxially with the recessed hole, and with the extension and retraction characteristics of the connector spring, it can adapt to the positional changes of the electrode during rotation. As the electrode rotates to different positions with the rotating wheel, the connector contact post can automatically adjust its extension length under the action of the spring, always maintaining reliable contact with the electrode, without the need for strict control of the installation distance accuracy between the connector and the electrode plate.

[0037] Furthermore, both the electrode disk and the drum body have two positioning holes, and the two positioning holes on the electrode disk and the two positioning holes on the drum body are arranged to overlap each other; the lines connecting the two positioning holes and the center of symmetry do not coincide.

[0038] Beneficial effects: The two positioning holes on the electrode disk and the drum body overlap, and the lines connecting the two positioning holes to the center of symmetry do not coincide, forming an asymmetrical positioning structure. This design allows for the insertion of positioning pins or other components into the overlapping positioning holes, strictly limiting the relative circumferential position of the electrode disk and the drum body. This ensures precise alignment between the electrodes on the electrode disk and the attenuator electrodes in the attenuator mounting slots of the drum body, preventing poor contact between the electrodes and the attenuator due to assembly misalignment, and guaranteeing the stability and consistency of the electrical connection.

[0039] Because the lines connecting the two positioning holes to the center of symmetry do not coincide, this asymmetrical layout has a foolproof function. When assembling the electrode disk and the drum body, the positioning holes can only fully overlap when the two are in the correct relative positions, facilitating the insertion of the positioning pins; if the orientation is incorrect, the positioning holes will be misaligned, making assembly impossible. This avoids positional deviations between the electrode and the attenuator caused by misassembly, reduces assembly rework, and improves production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of a rotary adjustable attenuator according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a rotary adjustable attenuator of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drum in an embodiment of a rotary adjustable attenuator of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the attenuator plate in an embodiment of a rotary adjustable attenuator according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode structure in an embodiment of a rotary adjustable attenuator of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a top view of the switching assembly in an embodiment of a rotary adjustable attenuator according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0048] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0049] Drum body 1, main body center hole 101, main body positioning hole 102, attenuator mounting groove 103;

[0050] Electrode disk 2, electrode disk center hole 201, electrode disk positioning hole 202, electrode mounting groove 203, insertion hole 204;

[0051] Electrode 3, arc surface 301, plane 302, cylinder 303, cylindrical hole 304;

[0052] 4. Flexible contact post; 401 mounting hole;

[0053] Attenuator 5, attenuator electrode 501, attenuator ground plane 502;

[0054] Switch body 6, connecting hole 601, round hole 602;

[0055] Rotating wheel 7, slot 701, center hole of rotating wheel 702, limiting groove 703, positioning hole of rotating wheel 704;

[0056] 8. Return spring; 9. Snap ball; 10. Main shaft; 11. Cover plate;

[0057] Base plate 12, central shaft hole 1201, fixing pin 1202, annular groove 1203;

[0058] Connector 13, connector contact post 1301, connector spring 1302, recess 1303;

[0059] 14. Outer shell; 15. Rotating nail. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0061] As one embodiment of this application, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a rotary adjustable attenuator, including a housing 14, a main shaft 10, a drum assembly, a switch assembly, and two connectors 13; the drum assembly and the switch assembly are both located inside the housing 14; combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the drum assembly includes a drum body 1, two electrode disks 2 and multiple attenuation plates 5 with different attenuation values. The two electrode disks 2 are respectively connected to both ends of the drum body 1.

[0062] Multiple electrodes 3 are distributed along the circumference of the two electrode disks 2, and multiple attenuators 5 are mounted on the drum body 1; the electrodes 3 on the two electrode disks 2 can respectively contact and conduct with the attenuator electrodes 501 at both ends of the attenuator 5.

[0063] Connector 13 is connected to housing 14, and one end of each connector 13 can contact and conduct with the electrodes 3 on the two electrode disks 2 respectively; the main shaft 10 is coaxially fixedly connected to the drum body 1 and the two electrode disks 2. In this embodiment, the drum body 1 and the two electrode disks 2 are respectively coaxially provided with a main body center hole 101 and an electrode disk center hole 201. The main shaft 10 coaxially passes through the drum body 1 and the two electrode disks 2 and is coaxially fixed to the drum body 1 and the electrode disks 2 by a flat key.

[0064] Both the drum body 1 and the electrode disk 2 are rotatably fitted with the outer shell 14. In this embodiment, the drum body 1 and the electrode disk 2 are fitted with the outer shell 14 with a clearance, so that they can rotate within the outer shell 14. The switch assembly can lock or unlock the main shaft 10, so that the main shaft 10 can rotate or stop rotating. This makes it easy to ensure that the main shaft 10, the electrode disk 2 and the drum body 1 will no longer rotate after adjusting the attenuation value at different levels, ensuring the stability of the position after the attenuation value is adjusted and improving the adjustment accuracy.

[0065] The following section will further optimize the structure of the drum body 1, the switch assembly, and the connector 13:

[0066] Drum body 1:

[0067] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the drum body 1 has multiple circumferentially evenly distributed attenuator mounting slots 103, which extend through both ends of the drum body 1. Multiple attenuators 5 are sequentially installed in the multiple attenuator mounting slots 103. In this embodiment, eleven attenuators 5 are provided, and the attenuation value of each attenuator 5 is different. In this embodiment, the eleven attenuators 5 start from 0dB and are divided into eleven levels, which are graded according to the step requirements, such as 0-1dB with a step of 0.1dB; 0-10dB with a step of 1dB; or 0-100dB with a step of 10dB.

[0068] The attenuator mounting slot 103 is a rectangular slot, and it serves as an air shroud that matches the attenuator 5. Both sides of the attenuator mounting slot 103 have narrow slots that communicate with it. Figure 4 As shown, attenuator 5 has attenuator electrodes 501 at both ends, and attenuator ground planes 502 on both sides of attenuator 5. The attenuator ground planes 502 on both sides of attenuator 5 are inserted into two narrow slots respectively. The contact method between attenuator ground planes 502 and narrow slots can be welding or installation using elastic copper sheets to ensure a tight fit between attenuator ground planes 502 and narrow slots.

[0069] Two electrode disks 2 are located at opposite ends of the drum body 1. Multiple electrode mounting slots 203 are formed along the circumference of each electrode disk 2. The number of electrode mounting slots 203 is the same as the number of attenuator mounting slots 103, both being eleven. One end of each electrode mounting slot 203 extends through the outer side of the electrode disk 2, and an insertion hole 204 is formed at the bottom of the electrode mounting slot 203. Figure 5 As shown, a cylinder 303 is connected to the bottom of electrode 3. In this embodiment, cylinder 303 and the bottom of electrode 3 are integrally formed. A cylindrical hole 304 is coaxially opened on cylinder 303. An elastic contact post 4 is connected inside the cylindrical hole 304. In this embodiment, the elastic contact post 4 and the cylindrical hole 304 are axially slidingly engaged, that is, the diameter of the elastic contact post 4 is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical hole 304. The elastic contact post 4 is located inside the cylindrical hole 304 and can slide along the axial direction of the cylindrical hole 304. A mounting hole 401 is opened on the upper part of the elastic contact post 4. A spring is provided between the mounting hole 401 and the bottom of the cylindrical hole 304, so that the elastic contact post 4 and electrode 3 have an elastic connection. When installing electrode 3, the elastic contact post 4 can make closer contact with the attenuation electrode 501.

[0070] Eleven electrodes 3 on the two electrode disks 2 are sequentially inserted into the eleven electrode mounting slots 203 on each electrode disk 2, and the cylinders 303 on the electrodes 3 are inserted into the insertion holes 204 at the bottom of each electrode mounting slot 203. The elastic contact posts 4 on the two electrode disks 2 respectively make contact with the two ends of the attenuator 5 (i.e., the attenuator electrode 501) and conduct electricity.

[0071] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the electrode mounting groove 203 has a U-shaped structure, which is combined with Figure 5 As shown, one end of electrode 3 is an arc surface 301 that matches one side of electrode mounting groove 203, and the other end of electrode 3 is a flat surface 302, which makes electrode 3 and electrode mounting groove 203 more compatible.

[0072] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, both the electrode disk 2 and the drum body 1 have two positioning holes. The two positioning holes on the electrode disk 2 and the two positioning holes on the drum body 1 are arranged to overlap. The line connecting the two positioning holes to the center of symmetry does not coincide. In this embodiment, the two positioning holes on the electrode disk 2 are electrode disk positioning holes 202, and the two positioning holes on the drum body 1 are main body positioning holes 102. The two electrode disk positioning holes 202 and the two main body positioning holes 102 are respectively arranged to overlap. This facilitates precise alignment of the two and then connection and fixation of the electrode disk 2 and the drum body 1 by positioning pins. The line connecting the two electrode disk positioning holes 202 and the two main body positioning holes 102 does not coincide with the center line of symmetry of the end faces of the electrode disk 2 and the drum body 1. Therefore, there is only one correct installation method. That is, only when the two electrode disk positioning holes 202 and the two main body positioning holes 102 completely overlap can assembly be performed smoothly. This avoids misalignment installation, thereby achieving precise positioning and improving assembly accuracy.

[0073] Switching components:

[0074] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the switch assembly is located below the electrode disk 2 at the bottom of the drum body 1, and the switch assembly includes a switch body 6 and a rotating wheel 7. The rotating wheel 7 is coaxially connected to the main shaft 10. In this embodiment, a rotating wheel center hole 702 is provided in the center of the rotating wheel 7. The main shaft 10 passes through the rotating wheel center hole 702 and is fixed to the rotating wheel 7 by a key and keyway. In this embodiment, two rotating wheel positioning holes 704 are provided at the end of the rotating wheel 7. The two rotating wheel positioning holes 704 correspond to the two main body positioning holes 102 on the drum body 1. The rotating wheel 7 is connected to the drum body 1 by fasteners such as pins or screws.

[0075] The switch body 6 is connected to the outer shell 14. In this embodiment, multiple connection holes 601 are provided at the end of the switch body 6. The switch body 6 and the outer shell 14 are fixedly connected by inserting screws or pins into the connection holes 601. The rotating wheel 7 is located inside the switch body 6 and rotates with the switch body 6. In this embodiment, a circular hole 602 is coaxially provided on the switch body 6. The diameter of the circular hole 602 is larger than the outer diameter of the rotating wheel 7, so that the rotating wheel 7 can rotate inside the circular hole 602.

[0076] A limiting component is provided on the switch body 6. When the main shaft 10 is not actively driven, the limiting component locks the rotating wheel 7; when the main shaft 10 is driven by an external force, the rotating wheel 7 rotates over the locking force of the limiting component.

[0077] In one embodiment, the outer periphery of the rotating wheel 7 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed slots 701, thereby forming a gear-like structure for the rotating wheel 7. In this embodiment, adjacent slots 701 are connected by a circular arc transition, and the slots 701 are circular arc grooves.

[0078] A limiting groove 703 is provided on the inner side of the switch body 6. A limiting component is installed in the limiting groove 703. In this embodiment, the limiting component includes a return spring 8 and a retaining ball 9. The return spring 8 is connected between the retaining ball 9 and the bottom of the limiting groove 703. Under the action of the return spring 8, the retaining ball 9 can be embedded in the retaining groove 701 to lock the rotating wheel 7. When the main shaft 10 is driven by an external force, the side of the retaining groove 701 can push the retaining ball 9 to compress the return spring 8, causing the retaining ball 9 to exit the retaining groove 701 and unlock it. This allows the rotating wheel 7 to rotate to the next gear with the main shaft 10. When the retaining ball 9 is in the next retaining groove 701, since the retaining ball 9 is not squeezed by the outside of the rotating wheel 7 at this time, the retaining ball 9 resets and is locked into the next retaining groove 701 under the action of the return spring 8, thus achieving locking. This makes each adjustment gear have a clear feel, which can help the user adjust the attenuation value of switching between different gears.

[0079] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the outer casing 14 is connected to a base plate 12. In this embodiment, the base plate 12 and the switch body 6 are fixed to the outer casing 14 by fasteners (screws or pins, etc.). In this embodiment, a ring groove 1203 is formed on the base plate 12, and a central shaft hole 1201 is formed in the center of the base plate 12. The central shaft hole 1201 is convenient to accommodate the main shaft 10 and avoids interference with the rotation of the main shaft 10.

[0080] A fixing pin 1202 is connected inside the annular groove 1203. The fixing pin 1202 can be welded, threaded, or connected in other ways within the annular groove 1203. A rotating pin 15 is connected to the bottom of the rotating wheel 7. The rotating pin 15 can be welded, threaded, or connected in other ways within the bottom of the rotating wheel 7. The rotating pin 15 can rotate within the annular groove 1203. When the rotating wheel 7 rotates from the starting point to the ending point, the rotating pin 15 abuts against the fixing pin 1202. This ensures the original starting and ending points of the attenuator from level 0 to level 10; that is, after rotating from level 0 to level 10, it cannot rotate any further.

[0081] Connector 13:

[0082] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7As shown, there are two connectors 13, which are located at the upper and lower parts of the housing 14 respectively. One of the two connectors 13 is an output connector and the other is an input connector. The two connectors 13 are directly opposite the upper electrode disk 2 and the lower electrode disk 2 respectively. In this embodiment, both connectors 13 are arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the housing 14 and are threadedly connected to the housing 14.

[0083] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 7 As shown, one end of connector 13 has a recessed hole 1303. A connector contact post 1301 is coaxially slidably fitted inside the recessed hole 1303. A connector spring 1302 is connected between the connector contact post 1301 and the bottom of the recessed hole 1303. Under the action of the connector spring 1302, the connector contact post 1301 is in close contact with one end of the electrode 3, thereby achieving conductivity between connector 13 and electrode 3. In this way, whenever switching gears and conducting with different attenuation plates 5, the connector contact post 1301 can always maintain close contact with one end of the electrode 3 under the action of the connector spring 1302 to achieve conductivity.

[0084] In one embodiment, a cover plate 11 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the spindle 10 and above the housing 14. The cover plate 11 and the spindle 10 can be connected by a key and a keyway or by other means. The user can operate the cover plate 11 to drive the spindle 10 to rotate, thereby achieving the function of switching the attenuator gear, which is more convenient to operate.

[0085] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0086] Eleven attenuation plates 5 are embedded inside the drum body 1. The dB value (i.e., attenuation value) of the attenuation plates 5 is divided into eleven levels according to the stepping requirements. Electrode disks 2 are provided at the top and bottom of the drum body 1. Electrodes 3 are installed in the eleven electrode mounting slots 203 provided on the electrode disks 2. The elastic contact posts 4 on the electrodes 3 are connected by springs, and the elastic contact posts 4 and the electrodes 3 of the attenuation plates 5 form a passage. The upper and lower electrode disks 2 are connected in series according to the same principle to form eleven passages with different attenuation values.

[0087] The connector 13 is provided with a connector contact post 1301. Under the action of the connector spring 1302, the connector contact post 1301 can make close contact with the plane 302 on the electrode 3, forming an attenuation path.

[0088] The main shaft 10 is fixed together with the drum body 1, electrode disk 2, and rotating wheel 7. When the main shaft 10 is rotated, the main shaft 10 will drive them to rotate together. The rotating wheel 7 is divided into eleven gears due to the force of the steel ball and the spring, thus forming an eleven-gear adjustable attenuator.

[0089] After the adjustable attenuator has completed eleven rotations, the fixing pin 1202 will block the rotating pin 15 on the rotating wheel 7, thus reminding the operator that the adjustment level has reached its limit.

[0090] It should be noted that the above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A rotary adjustable attenuator, characterized in that, It includes a housing, a main shaft, a drum assembly, a switch assembly, and two connectors; the drum assembly and the switch assembly are both located inside the housing; the drum assembly includes a drum body, two electrode disks, and multiple attenuation plates with different attenuation values, and the two electrode disks are respectively connected to both ends of the drum body; Multiple electrodes are distributed along the circumference of both electrode disks, and multiple attenuation plates are mounted on the drum body; The electrodes on the two electrode disks can respectively contact and conduct with the attenuator electrodes at both ends of the attenuator. The connector is connected to the housing, and one end of each connector can respectively contact and conduct with the electrodes on the two electrode disks. The main shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drum body and the two electrode disks. The drum body and the electrode disks are rotatably fitted with the housing. The switch assembly can lock or unlock the main shaft. The drum body has multiple circumferentially distributed attenuator mounting slots, which pass through both ends of the drum body. Multiple attenuators are sequentially installed in the multiple attenuator mounting slots. The two electrode disks are located at both ends of the drum body. Multiple electrode mounting slots are formed on the electrode disks along their circumference. One end of each electrode mounting slot extends through the outer side of the electrode disk. An insertion hole is formed at the bottom of the electrode mounting slot. A cylinder is connected to the bottom of the electrode. A cylindrical hole is formed on the cylinder coaxially. An elastic contact post is connected inside the cylindrical hole. Multiple electrodes on the two electrode disks are sequentially inserted into multiple electrode mounting slots, and the cylinder is inserted into the insertion hole. The elastic contact posts on the two electrode disks respectively contact and conduct with the two ends of the attenuation plate. The elastic contact posts slide axially with the cylindrical hole. The upper part of the elastic contact post is provided with a mounting hole, and a spring is provided between the mounting hole and the bottom of the cylindrical hole.

2. The rotary adjustable attenuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switch assembly includes a switch body and a rotating wheel. The rotating wheel is coaxially connected to the main shaft, and the switch body is connected to the outer casing. The rotating wheel is located inside the switch body and rotates in cooperation with the switch body. A limiting member is provided on the switch body. When the main shaft is not actively driven, the limiting member locks the rotating wheel. When the main shaft is driven by an external force, the rotating wheel overcomes the locking force of the limiting member and rotates.

3. The rotary adjustable attenuator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer circumference of the rotating wheel is provided with multiple circumferentially evenly distributed slots; the inner side of the switch body is provided with a limiting groove, and the limiting member is installed in the limiting groove. The limiting member includes a return spring and a retaining ball. The return spring is connected between the retaining ball and the bottom of the limiting groove. Under the action of the return spring, the retaining ball can be embedded in the slot to lock the rotating wheel. When the main shaft is driven by an external force, the side of the slot can push the retaining ball to compress the return spring, causing the retaining ball to exit the slot and unlock.

4. A rotary adjustable attenuator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjacent slots are connected by a rounded transition, and the slots are rounded grooves.

5. A rotary adjustable attenuator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the outer shell is connected to a base plate, and an annular groove is formed on the base plate. A fixing nail is connected in the annular groove. A rotating nail is connected to the bottom of the rotating wheel. When the rotating wheel rotates from the starting point to the ending point, the rotating nail abuts against the fixing nail.

6. A rotary adjustable attenuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode mounting groove has a U-shaped structure, one end of the electrode is an arc surface that matches one side of the electrode mounting groove, and the other end of the electrode is a flat surface.

7. A rotary adjustable attenuator according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, One end of the connector has a recessed hole, and a connector contact post is slidably fitted coaxially inside the recessed hole. A connector spring is connected between the connector contact post and the bottom of the recessed hole, and the connector contact post is in close contact with one end of the electrode under the action of the connector spring.

8. A rotary adjustable attenuator according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Both the electrode disk and the drum body have two positioning holes, which overlap with each other; the lines connecting the two positioning holes to the center of symmetry do not coincide.

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